Table of Contents

Hurukuro dzavatungamiriri dzinomirira chimwe chezvishandiso zvine simba zvikurusa mukuumba mufambiro wamarudzi, nzanga, uye nzanga. Munhau yose, shoko rinotaurwa rakashanda sechinjo, chiratidzo chetariro mukati menguva dzerima, uye simba rinobatanidza iro rinounza vanhu vakasiyana - siyana pamwe chete. Kutaura kunonyandura kunoita basa rinokosha mukuumba murangariro wavose, kukurudzira nzanga, uye kupesvedzera chisarudzo kupfurikidza nokutaura pachena. Kunzwisisa tapuro huru yehurukuro dzezvamatongerwe enyika nedzehurumende kunotibetsera kunzwisisa kukosha kwadzo mukutonga, masangano enzanga, uye kukuramagariro ehurumende yehurumende yeruzhinji.

Basa Rinokosha Rounyanzvi Muutungamiriri

Simba rokukurukurirana kunobudirira harisi rokungotaura chete asi rinosanganisirawo unyanzvi hwokutaura — kushandisa mutauro kuti unyengetedze, uzivi, uye ubatsire vamwe.

Chisarudzo chomutungamiriri chamashoko, ose ari maviri anotaurwa naasingataurwi, chine simba rokuumba zvinhu chaizvoizvo ndokuparira miuyo yakatanhamara. Uku kushandura kunoita kuti kutaura kuve chishandiso chinokosha mudura rezvoutungamiriri. Kunyange zvichitaura norudzi munjodzi, kutsigira nokuda kwemitemo mitsva, kana kuti kunyandura kugamuchira chinjo, vatungamiriri vanotsamira pamashoko anosanogadzirwa kuti vaite madonzo avo.

Mavambo Echinyakare Ekutaura Kunonyengetedza

Kushandisa manyorero ekare aAristotle epyring-ethos, hetos, nelogos-idzi nzvero dzinonzvera kuti aya masangano anobatanidzwa sei muchimiro chokutaura, zvisarudzo zvemitauro, uye zvinofadza. Izvi zvinhu zvitatu zvokunyengetedza zvinoramba zvichishanda nhasi sezvazvakanga zvakaita muGirisi yekare:

  • [ Ethos inosimbisa kuvimbika kwomukurukuri nohunhu hwetsika, ichikudziridza chivimbo navateereri
  • Pathos inofadza mirangariro, ichiita batano dzinokurira mufungo wakachena
  • Logos inogovera zvibvumikiso zvine mufungo noufakazi kutsigira nzvimbo yomukurukuri

Mashoko ezvamatongerwe enyika anobudirira anobatanidza zvikumbiro zvemirangariro nezvibvumikiso zvine mufungo kuti zvinzwisiswe navateereri.

Kuvaka Chivimbo Kupfurikidza Nekurukurirano

Vatungamiriri vanobudirira vanovimba nevanhu. Vatungamiriri vanobudirira pakukurukurirana vanoramba vachivimba nokuparadzira mashoko anooneka, echokwadi, vachidzivisa kujeka uye kujeka.

Kuvaka chivimbo kupfurikidza nekurukurirano kunoda kusawirirana pakati pamashoko nezviito. Vatungamiriri vezvokutengeserana havangotauri bedzi zvipikirwa zvavo asiwo vanotevera, vachibatanidza chirevo chezera che‘famba hurukuro', nokudaro vachisimbisa kutendeseka kwavo kupfurikidza nechiito. Apo vatungamiriri vanokundikana kuwiriranisa kutaura kwavo nomufambiro wavo, chivimbo chavose chinoshatisa nokukurumidza, kuchideredza mano avo okutungamirira nenzira inobudirira.

Kuumba Kunoita Mafungiro Nemaitiro Evanhu Nekutaura Zvematongerwe Enyika

Nyanzvi dzakagara dzichitaura kuti kutaura kwevezvematongerwe enyika, kunyanya kwemapurezidhendi eUnited States, kunochinja maonero evanhu.

Kuchinja Kwepesvedzero

Kupesvedzera murangariro wavose nomufambiro kupfurikidza nokuparadzirwa kwamashoko nokuparadzirwa kwamashoko inharidzano yekurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika. Vatungamiriri vanoshandisa nzira dzakasiana - siana dzokuwana idzi pesvedzero, kubatanidza:

  • Kuisa [: Kupa nhau munzira dzinosimbisa mativi akati apo unenge uchizvidza mamwe
  • [ Kusimbisa [: kusimbisa mashoko makuru kupfurikidza nokudzokorora kusingachinji
  • Metafur: Kushandisa mutauro wokufananidzira kuita kuti pfungwa dzakaoma dziwanike zvikuru uye dziyeukwe
  • [ Kurondedzera nhau : kubatanidza navateereri kupfurikidza nenhau dzakajeka uye zvinyorwa zvomunhu oga

Kuongorora kwacho kunoratidza nzira dzinoramba dzichitaurwa dzinoita kuti vanhu vade kuziva zvinhu zvakadai sokudzokorora, kufananidzira, kurondedzera nyaya, uye kushandisa zvakanaka nguva yokumbomira uye kusimbisa.

Tapuro Pakupa Nheyo Netsigiro Yetsika

Kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti chinangwa chikuru chenhimbe dzezvematongerwe enyika ndechokukurudzira vatsigiri vanokosha kuti vauye vovhota vavhotere uye vopa mukana wokupa zvinzvimbo zvetsika dzechiuto kuvatsigiri vakuru nevateereri vakawanda.

Hurukuro dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinopesvedzera inenge 9% yavavhoti munharaunda inobatwa. Nepo iyi pepa muzana ingaratidzika kuva ine mwero, mukusarurwa kwakakomba, pesvedzero yakadaro inogona kubvumikisa kuva yakasimba. Kupfuura miuyo yapakarepo yakasarudzwa, hurukuro dzinoumbawo zvimiro zvendangariro zvenhambo refu zvikuru pamusoro pemitemo, masangano, uye nhau dzenzanga.

Apo vatungamiriri vanopa hurukuro dzinogombedzera panhau dzezvamatongerwe enyika vanoisa panzvimbo yezvinetso zvakasiyana - siyana zvinotarisana nenzanga dzavo, vanotanga purogiramu yehurukuro dzavose uye vanopesvedzera kunzwisisa uye kuisa zvinhu zvinonetsa munzanga dzavo.

Kuparadzana Kwemirangariro Kweuzivi Hwezvamatongerwe Enyika

Vanoshandisa kutaura kwokunyengetedza nokunyora kupesvedzera nzira iyo vanhu vanoona nayo nhau, mitemo, uye vatungamiriri, izvo zvinogona kutapura zvisarudzo zvehurumende. Vanowanzoshandisa zvikumbiro zvemirangariro nemifananidzo kubatanidza navavhoti ndokuita kuti mashoko avo ayeuke zvikuru. Chikamu chemirangariro chehurukuro dzezvamatongerwe enyika hachigoni kunyanyoziviswa (nepo maidi nenhau yokufunga, mirangariro inowanzosunda kuita chisarudzo nechiito.

Kushandiswa kwezvinonyadzisira zvomunhu oga, mutauro unobatanidza, uye chiremera chetsika kunokudza zvikuru kuvimbika kwevakurukuri uye kutsinhirana kwemirangariro.

Kukurukurirana Zvakanaka Kwevatungamiriri

Iri basa rinoratidzira kuti icho vatungamiriri vanokurukura pamusoro pacho uye nzira yavanokurukura nayo chinotsamira panzvimbo yavanayo, vasonganiri, nzvimbo dzavanayo, uye migariro yavari mairi.

Kugadziridza Mashoko Nevateereri Vakasiyana - siyana

Zvakawanikwa zvinoratidza kuti vakurukuri vanobudirira vanochinja matauriro avo anobva pakutarisira vateereri, nguva dzenhau, uye zvinozoitika. Vatungamiriri vanobudirira vanoziva kuti nzira imwe chete yokukurukurirana haimbobudiriri. Panzvimbo pezvo, vanoongorora mashoko avo kuti vanzwise mashoko evateereri vamwe vanhu asi vachiramba vasingachinji pane zvavanofunga uye zvavanovavarira.

Maererano nezviri kutaurwa zvakasiyana - siyana. Kutaura kunoitwa panguva yenjodzi yorudzi kunoda nzira yakasiyana uye nzira yakasiyana kupfuura imwe yokupemberera zvinhu zvakaitwa nenyika. Nenzira yakafanana, kero dzinoenda kuvateereri vemarudzi akawanda dzinofanira kukonzera kusiyana kwetsika uye magariro akasiyana - siyana ezvematongerwe enyika. Iri basa rinoratidza kuti zvavanotaura nezvadzo uye kuti vanokurukura sei zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yavanayo, mararamiro avainawo, uye zvavanoita.

Tsaona Kurukurirano Nechinzwano Chorudzi

Munguva dzenjodzi, basa rokukurukurirana kwevatungamiriri rinotonyanya kuoma. Kunyange zvazvo vachitarisana nenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, kuderera kweupfumi, njodzi dzoutano, kana kuti kutyisidzirwa, vatungamiriri vanofanira kusimbisa, kutungamirira, uye tariro. Muhurukuro yavo yakakurumbira pashure pokurwiswa kwePearl Harbor, Franklin D. Roosevelt yakaita chiitiko chacho se "zuva rekuzvinyima," vachishandisa kukurudzira kwakasimba kuti vaAmerica vabatane mukutsigira kurwiswa kweHondo Yenyika II.

Kusagona kutaura kunobatira mabasa akawanda: vanobvuma uremu hwemamiriro ezvinhu, vanoratidza tsitsi nokuda kwaavo vanotapurwa, vanoonesa matanho akajeka ari kutorwa kupedza denho yacho, uye vanonyandura chivimbo mumano orudzi okukurira nhamo. Kukurukurirana kunobudirira zvikurusa kunodzikamisa kutendeseka pamusoro pezvinetso netariro pamusoro pechisarudzo chokupedzisira.

Mienzaniso Yomunguva Yakapfuura Yekutaura Kunochinja

Munhau yose, dzimwe hurukuro dzakapfuura mashoko adzo omunguva pfupi kuti dzirondedzere nguva dzinozivikanwa nenyika yose.Awaya anoratidza simba guru rokutaura kwakagadzirwa zvakanaka kuti kushandure, kubatanidza vanhu vakakamukana, uye zviono zvokutaura zvinoumba nguva yemberi.

Martin Luther King Jr.'Ati: Ndine hope

Yakapiwa mukati ma1963 March paWashington, Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Ine hope" kutaura kunomira semuenzaniso mukurusa wemifananidzo wokushandura kutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika munhau yeAmerica. Yakapiwa naMartin Luther King Jr. muWashington, inobatira sedanidzo inogombedzera kuita chiito nokuda kwekuenzana kwedzinza uye inoisa mufungo nzanga yeAfrica umo vaAmerica vanowana rusununguko rumwe cheterwo savachena vavo.

Kutaura kwakabatanidzwa nounyanzvi nonongedzero dzeBhaibheri, nheyo dzamavambo eAmerica, uye mufananidzo wakajeka kuti zvivanze chiono chetsinhirano yedzinza iyo yainzwika mumativi avagari vemo nezvamatongerwe enyika. Kushandisa kwaMambo dzokorora zviitiko (chaizvoizvo mashoko "Ndine hope") akaumba mashoko ane nhevedzano, anenge rudzi rwakaita kuti kutaura kwacho kuve kusingakanganwiki uye kune simba. Nokusimbisa kudana kwake nokuda kwekodzero dzavagari vemo muzvinyorwa zvenyika uye mipimo inowirirana, Mambo akaita kuti kuenzana ikoko kuve kumirira kusaparadzana kukuru asi kuzadzika kwemipimo yeAmerica.

Adisko Nguva Yehondo yaWinston Churchill

Mukati meHondo yeNyika II, Mutungamiriri weHurumende weBritain Winston Churchill akakurukura nhevedzano yehurukuro dzakatsigira tsika dzorudzi mukati mamazuva akasviba erwisano. Mukunzverwa kwehurukuro dzenguva yehondo dzaWinston Churchill, kunzvera kwokusada kupindura kunganangidzira ngwariro pamashandisiro aPill eetos kuzvimisa amene somutungamiriri akavimbika uye akashinga, zviratidziro kugovera rondedzero dzechokwadi pamusoro penhamburiko yehondo, uye mifungo yokukurudzira kusimba kweBritain nokutsunga. Mutsetse wake wakakurumbira "Ticharwa pamahombekombe" kuratidzira kuti nzira ipi ingaparira nayo rudzi munguva dzenjodzi.

Hurukuro dzaChurch dzakabatanidza kutendeseka kwakasimba pamusoro pedenho dzakatarisana neBritain nechivimbo chisingazununguki mukukunda kwokupedzisira. Kushandisa kwake mutauro wakajeka, wakajeka(kusimbisa mahombekombe chaiwo, migwagwa, uye makomo uko Britain yaizopfuurira kurwisa) kwakagadzira mifananidzo ine simba yendangariro yakanyandura kutsunga. Hurukuro dzakashandisawo nongedzero dzenhau nekurudziro kurudzi rweBritain, dzichisimbisa pfungwa yokupfuurira nerwisano dzakapfuura nerukundo.

John F. Kennedy

Mutungamiriri wehurumende John F. Kennedy wa1961 akaratidzira kuti hurukuro dzinogona sei kujekesa chiono nokuda kwokuvandudza rudzi nebatira pamwe yamarudzi ose. Mutsetse wehurukuro wakakurumbira zvikurusa(" " kusabvunza icho nyika yako inogona kukuitirai.) bvunza zvaunogona kuitira nyika yako"(__kukandira vaAmerica vakadzorwa kuti vagamuchire mutoro wehurumende nevagari vemo vanoshingaira.

Kennedy achitaura nezvezvakajeka zveHondo Yemashoko zvakadzikamiswa zvine zvishuvo zvefungidziro zvorugare nefambiro mberi. Yakashandisa chimiro chakafanana, kupesana, uye mashoko akanyatsogadzirwa ayo akaita kuti pfungwa dzakaoma dziwanike uye dziyeukwe. Kutaura kwacho kwakaratidzirawo kuti vatungamiriri vanogona sei kushandisa kutaura kurondedzera mabasa echizvarwa uye kukurudzira chiito chakabatana kunharidzano dzezvinzvimbo.

rabhack Obama's "Hongu Tinogona"

Muhurukuro yorukundo ya2008 yaBarack Obama, akashandisa ashandisazve mashoko okuti "Hungu, tinogona" kukurudzira tariro uye kuita pfungwa yose yechinangwa. Kushandiswa kwokudzokorora kwakasimbisa shoko rake rokuchinja nokubatana, kutsigira purezidhendi wake. Mashoko aya akapfava emashoko akava danidziro yaikurudzira misoro yenhimbe yetariro yeObama, kuchinja, uye simba reboka.

Kushanda kwe "Hongu Isu Tinogona" kunoratidzira kuti kutaura kune simba sei kunogona kuparadzira mashoko akaoma kunzwisisa ezvamatongerwe enyika muyeuko, mashoko anonzwika muvateereri vakasiana - siana. Zvinobatanidza "we" zvakasimbisa sangano reboka panzvimbo poutungamiriri hwomunhu oga, nepo hungu "eeh" uye kunobvira "can" zvichipa tariro nokutsunga.

Mazano Anoita Kuti Kutaura Kubudirire

Hurukuro dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinowanzoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana - siyana dzokuda kuziva kuti zvinhu zvipi zvinoda kuteererwa, kupesvedzera, zvinosanganisira kushandisa dimikira, kudzokorora, kukurudzira kurangarira (parogos), uye kukumbira kuvimbika (ethos). Kunzwisisa unyanzvi ihwohwu kunotibetsera kunzwisisa unyanzvi hunotsigira kurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika inobudirira uye kuziva apo tinenge tichipesvedzerwa namazano okusada kuziva.

Simba Rokudzokorora

Kudzokorora kunobatira mabasa akawanda okusada kupindura muhurukuro dzezvematongerwe enyika. Kunosimbisa mashoko makuru, kunoita kuti pave nokurovanya nokusadzoka, uye kunovaka simba remirangariro. Somuenzaniso, Donald Trump akashandisa kudzokororwa apo akati: Tichadzosa mabasa edu; tichadzosa miganhu yedu; tichadzosa fuma yedu. Iyi nzira, inozivikanwa seaphora, inoparira pfungwa yesimba nokutsunga apo inoita kuti shoko rive nyore kuyeuka nokudzokorora.

Kudzokorora kunobudirira kunopfuura kungotaura chinhu chimwe chete kakawanda. Vakurukuri vakanakisisa vanochinja - chinja kudzokorora kwavo, vachikushandisa panguva dzinokosha kusimbisa misoro mikuru paunenge usiri kudzokorora chinhu chimwe chete.

Metaphori Nomutauro Wokufananidzira

Metaphor dzinobetsera vateereri kunzwisisa mirangariro yakaoma yezvamatongerwe enyika kupfurikidza nokuirondedzera nezvinoitika zvakarovedzeka nemifananidzo. Mukunzvera hurukuro dzezvematongerwe enyika dzaRonald Reagan, kunzvera kwedimikira kunganangidzira ngwariro pakushandisa kwake "hurumende sechifananidzo". Kupfurikidza nokuisa kupindira kwehurumende sechipingamupinyi kurusununguko nokukura kwezvemari, Reagan akafambira mberi, pfungwa yehurumende inodzivisa kudzorwa nemirangariro yavanhu kwamakumi amakore.

Dimikira rinoshanda rinoita zvinopfuura kurerutsa zvinhu, rinoumba mafungire atinoita pamusoro penhau kupfurikidza nokusimbisa mativi akati apo vatungamiriri vanorondedzera rudzi se "mhuri," vanokumbira mipimo yakati neukama. Pavanotaura nezve "kurwa" nokuda kwemiitiro kana kuti "kuvaka" nguva yemberi iri nani, ivo vanoumba chiito chezvamatongerwe enyika munzira dzakati idzo dzinopesvedzera kuti vagari vemo vanzwisise sei basa ravo nemitoro.

Kurondedzera uye Tsananguro Yenhau

Kuburitsa mashoko, vatungamiriri vezvamatongerwe enyika vanodzora nhau yacho pamisoro mikuru, kusarudza kuti mativii enhau anosimbiswa uye ndeapi anoderedzwa. Nzira iyo vatungamiriri vanoronga nayo nhau dzinogona kuchinja zvikuru kunzwisisa uye kutsigira kwavanhu nokuda kwemitemo yakasiyana - siyana.

Somuenzaniso, muitiro mumwe chetewo ungaiswa muvhozhokero se "yamuro yomutero" kana kuti "kuderedza," se "chiito chokuuraya ," se "chinjo yokuchinja" kana kuti "korano yemiganhu". Kunyora kumwe nokumwe kunosimbisa mipimo yakasiana nemiuyo, kunofadza kumashoko akasiana- siyana ekurukurirano yavose. Vatungamiriri vanobudirira vanodzidza unyanzvi hwenhau dzokuisa mumiitiro inowirirana nezvinangwa zvavo zvemitemo nepo vachiwirirana nemipimo yavose nezvinonetsa.

Kurondedzera Nokurondedzera Kwomunhu Oga

Nyaya dzinoumba batano dzemirangariro uye dzinoita kuti mitemo isati iri yechokwadi uye ive yechokwadi. Apo vatungamiriri vanogoverana zvinoitika zvomunhu oga kana kuti vanosimbisa zvinoitika zvevagari vemo, vanoshandisa nhau dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzohunhu ndokuratidzira kunzwira urombo. Nhoroondo idzi dzinobatira soufakazi hwezvirevo zvikuru apo vateereri vanotaurira pamwero wemirangariro uyo nhamba negadziriro zvisingagoni kuwirirana.

Nyaya yezvamatongerwe enyika inobudirira zvikurusa inopa dzikamo yezvakajeka neyomunyika yose — kurondedzera nhau dzakati dzinojekesa zvokwadi huru zvikuru ndokugoverana zvinoitika.Vatungamiriri vanokwanisa unyanzvi ihwohwu vanogona kuita kuti kurukurirano dzemitemo dzakaoma dzive dzinowanika uye dzinoshanda somunhu oga kuvateereri vakasiana - siana, vachivaka tsigiro nokuda kwezviito zvavo kupfurikidza nokuvimbisana mirangariro nokuzivikanwa.

Basa Rezvinobudisa Nhau Mukushatisa Kutaura Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika

Kuwanda kwezvinobudisa mashoko kwakachinja zvikuru simba rehurukuro yezvematongerwe enyika nokutanga mikana mitsva yokubatana kwevatambi vezvamatongerwe enyika nevanhu vose.

Kubudiswa Kwezvinobudisa Nhau Nekutaura Kwegamuchidzanwa

Zvinobudisa nhau zvamagamuchidzanwa zvinopfuurira kuita rutivi runokosha mukupesvedzera murangariro wavanhu, asi zvinobudisa mashoko zvazova chishandiso chinotyisa chekurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika, zvikurukuru pakati pezvizvarwa zvitsva. Terevhizheni, nhepfenyuro, uye mapepanhau zvakabatira kwenguva refu senzira huru idzo vagari vazhinjisa vemo vanosangana nadzo namashoko ezvematongerwe enyika, navatori venhau navapepeti venhau vachishandisa mabasa anokosha okuchengeta masuo mukusarudza kuti ndeipi hurukuro dzinogamuchira kurukurirano uye kuti dzinopiwa sei.

Hurukuro dzenhau hadzingopfuudzi kutaura nedzinodzidudzira, dzichisimbisa zvimwe zvinhu apo dzinorerutsa zvimwe. Kuruma kwemanzwi, misoro mikuru yenhau, uye tsinhiro dzenhau dzinorondedzera kuti vateereri vanonzwisisa sei uye vanoyeuka kero dzezvematongerwe enyika. Uku kutaura kunogona kuwedzera tapuro yekutaura kupfurikidza nokusvika kuvateereri vasina kutarira kupiwa kwapakuvamba, asi kunogonawo kushatisa shoko romukurukuri rakarongwa.

Kuchinja Kwemadhigirii Mukukurukurirana Kwematongerwe Enyika

Kukwanisa kutaura pachena uye kukwanisa kuwanikwa kwakawedzera zvikuru nezvinobudisa nhau neInternet, zvichiita kuti vakurukuri vapesvedzere pfungwa uye kunyandura masangano munyika yose.

Vatungamiriri vanogona kukurukura zvakananga nevagari vemo nezvinobudisa nhau, nepo vatsigiri vanogona kugoverana nokuwedzera mashoko kupfurikidza negadziriro dzavo vamene dzokukurukurirana.

Kunetseka pamusoro pokupararira kwemashoko enhema uye marobhoti emitemo yemasangano anobudisa nhau kunotadzisa vanhu kutaura nyaya dzezvamatongerwe enyika uye kuita kuti vakwanise kupindira zvikuru mukurukurirano dzezvematongerwe enyika kunoitawo kuti kupararira kwemashoko anotsausa uye kusikwa kwenzvimbo dzine mashoko akasiyana - siyana uko vagari vemo vanongosangana nemaonero anotsigira zvitendero zvavo zviripo.

Tapuro Yenguva Refu Yezvamatongerwe Enyika Panzanga

Kufurira kutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunopfuura zvikuru kugamuchirwa kwakwo kwokukurumidza, mipimo yetsika, kurukurirano dzemiitiro, uye masangano etsika zvinoumba nguva yedu yemberi.

Kuchinja Kwetsika Netsika Dzenzanga

Hurukuro dzavose dzine simba rokuchinja mipimo yenzanga, zvimiro zvendangariro, uye mufambiro munguva yakati sezvo mashoko anoparadzirwa ndokubatisisa mundangariro yavose. apo vatungamiriri vanojekesa zviono zvitsva zveruramisiro, kuenzana, kana kuti chinangwa chorudzi, vanosima mbeu dzinogona kukura kuva chinjo huru mumanzwisisire anoita nzanga dzimene nemisengwa yavo kune mumwe nomumwe.

Rangarira kuti hurukuro dzinotsigira kodzero dzavanhu, kudzivirira mhoteredzo, kana kuti LGBTQ+ kuenzana kwakaparira sei chinjo huru muzvimiro zvenzanga negadziriro dzapamutemo. Uku kuchinja hakuwanzobva muhurukuro imwe asi munhimbe dzinopfuurira dzinochinja zvishoma nezvishoma miganhu yehurukuro dzinogamuchirika uye kukudza mirangariro yeruramisiro nechiremera chavanhu.

Kukurudzira Masangano Enzanga

Kutaura kunogona kukurudzira masangano akanaka enzanga nokuchinja nokuwedzera kuziva pamusoro pekusaruramisira, kubatanidza vanhu vari muzvinhu zvinokonzerawo chimwe chinhu, uye kumanikidza vatungamiriri kuti vaite chimwe chinhu.

Hurukuro dzinobudirira dzokuvaka kunzwika kwezvichemo zvekufambisa, kuziva mapati ane mutoro, kukarakadza zvigadzikiso, uye kusunda chiito chakabatana. Vanopa nhauro dzinobetsera vanhu vakasiana - siana kuzvirangarira vamene sorutivi rwerwisano yakabatana nokuda kwechinjo. Kupfurikidza nokugovera mutauro negadziriro nokuda kwokunzwisisa kusaruramisira, idzi hurukuro dzinogonesa vanhu kuronga, kuunganidza, uye kuraira chinjo.

Kuva Matombo Anobatsira Kutevedzera Tsika

Dzimwe hurukuro dzinotora upenyu hwadzo dzimene ndokuva zviteshi zvetsika zvinofundwa, zvinonokorwa mashoko, uye zvinodudzirwazve nezvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi. Kero dzakati dzinopfuura mashoko adzo apakuvamba kuti dzive rutivi rwenhaka yetsika dzamarudzi akagoverwa, dzinodzidziswa muzvikoro, dzinoreverwa munharo, uye dzinokumbirwa kutsigira zvisakiso zvakasiana - siana.

Hurukuro idzi dzinogara kazhinji kazhinji dzinotaura mipimo inokosha kana kuti zvishuvo mumutauro unonzwika munguva yose nemigariro inochinja. Dzinova zvinhu izvo zvizvarwa zvinotevera zvinoshandisa kunzwisisa nhau yazvo, kurondedzera kuzivikanwa kwazvo, uye kufungidzira nguva yavo yemberi. Kushanda kunopfuuridzirwa kwehurukuro dzakadai seGettysburg Addressburg, kuvamba, kana kuti hope dzaMambo "Ine Droto" dzinoratidzira kuti kutaura kune simba sei kunogona kuumba kurangarira rudzi kwamakumi amakore kana kuti kunyange mazana amakore.

Mativi Ezvematongerwe Enyika

Kufunga nezvenyaya dzemararamiro kunosanganisira kumiririra chokwadi zvakarurama, kuva munhu anongwarira kusiyana - siyana, uye kusimudzira kukurukurirana kunovaka.

Chokwadi uye Kururama Pakukurukurirana Kwematongerwe Enyika

Vatungamiriri vanotarisana nemiedzo yenguva dzose yokuwedzeredza zviitwa, kuderedza kukundikana, kana kuti kushatisa nzvimbo dzevanopikisana kuti vawane betsero yezvamatongerwe enyika. Nepo kurukurirano dzose dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzichibatanidza simbiso yakasarudzwa nemhesano, utungamiriri hwetsika hunoda kuchengeta misengwa mikuru kukururama kwechokwadi uye kuratidzirwa kwokutendeseka kwezvinhu chaizvoizvo zvakaoma kunzwisisa.

Musiyano pakati pokuchinja nokunyengera kunogona kuva kwakaoma kurondedzera, asi kusiyana kwacho kunokosha zvikuru nokuda kwokudzora kwedemocracy. Apo vatungamiriri vanotsausa nzanga nenzira ine nhevedzano, vanosekesa kuva mugari wemo wehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu uko kunoda. Nenzira inopesana, vatungamiriri vanokurukura nokutendeseka (nyange apo vanobvuma zvinetso kana kuti kusaziva kuoma) vanovaka chivimbo chinodikanwa nokuda kwokudzora kunobudirira nesonganiro yenzanga.

Ngozi Dzokuparadza

Nepo hurukuro dzichigona kubatanidza ndokunyandura, dzinogonawo kuparira kupesana. Kune rumwe rutivi, zvamatongerwe enyika zvinobatira kuwana bvumirano nebvumirano uye kuita zvisarudzo. Ukuwo, zvamatongerwe enyika zvinotungamirira kuhondo nerwisano. Vatungamiriri vanofanira kurangarira kwete bedzi kana kutaura kwavo kuchisvitsa zvinangwa zvezvamatongerwe enyika zvekare asiwo kana kuchiparira kubatana kwenzanga kwenguva refu kana kuti kuparira mapoka anoparira kupesana.

Kufungidzira kuti vanorwisa madhemoni, vanopomera mapoka asina dziviriro, kana kuti zvikumbiro kufungira mano akaipa kungabvumikisa kuva kunobudirira mune zvematongerwe enyika munguva pfupi asi kunogona kuparira kuvadziko isingagumi pamiitiro yenzanga neyoumwari.

Mutauro Nemifanikiso Zvinobatanidza

Kutaura kunoramba kuchirerutswa kunotaura mashoko ane simba pamusoro pemanzwi uye zvinofarirwa nevanhu.

Kurukurirano inobatanidza inopfuura kungodudza kwakasiana - siana kwokupinda zvapachokwadi neitiro hanya nezvishuvo zvenzanga dzakasiana - siana. Kunoda vatungamiriri kuteerera pamwe chete nokutaura, kudzidza pamusoro pezvinoitika zvakasiana nezvivo vamene, uye kuruka mashoko anonzwika mumitsetse yakasiana nepo achiremekedza ufakazi hwakasiana nefariro.

Ukama Hwevatungamiriri Nepfungwa Dzevanhu

Kunyange zvazvo vatungamiriri vachinyanya kuisa pfungwa dzavo pamaonere anoita vanhu, vanotungamirirawo kumashoko avo anobva pakuongorora, kuongorora, uye kuvhota.

Maonero Anoita Mafungiro Evanhu Panyaya Dzematongerwe Enyika

Tinowana kuti kuratidzirwa kumurangariro wavose kunoparira vezvamatongerwe enyika kuchinja kutaura kwavo nenzira yakatanhamara. Vatungamiriri nguva dzose vanonzvera zvimiro zvendangariro zvavose kupfurikidza nenzvero, mapoka, uye mamwe mashandisirwo okutsinhira, vachishandisa aya mashoko kusimbisa mashoko avo. Uku kupindura kunogona kuwedzera kuzvidavirira kwehurumende kupfurikidza nokuvimbisa kuti vatungamiriri vataure zvinonetsa zvavagari vemo, asi kunogonawo kutungamirira kukugutsa nokudzivisa nzvimbo dziri madikanwa asi dzisingafarirwi.

Kupfurikidza nokusimbisa kuti vezvamatongerwe enyika veGermany vanogadziridza kutaura kwavo kumurangariro wavose (imo, muvhoti wenhau), tinotsigira kuraviwa kukuru kwetsika dzavakuru vakuru vezvamatongerwe enyika. Ukuru uhwo vatungamiriri vanofanira kutevera mukupesana nomufungo wavose hunomirira dzvinyiriro inogara mukudzora kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Kugamuchira kwakachena kunoparira ngozi dzokuisa mungozi utungamiriri hune nheyo, nepo kufuratira murangariro wavanhu kuchigona kuderedza kuva noubati ushe hwehurumende nebudiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Basa Revanyori Vemashoko Nezvikwata Zvokukurukurirana

Hurukuro dzazvino uno dzezvamatongerwe enyika hadziwanzobva kuvatungamiriri vamwe navamwe vanoshanda vari voga.Panzvimbo pezvo, dzinobuda mumiitiro inobatira pamwe inobatanidza vanyoresi vemashoko, nyanzvi dzekurukurirano, vapi vemiitiro, uye vapi vezano vezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kuitwa kwounyanzvi kwekurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika kwakaita kuti hurukuro dzive dzakasanooma zvikuru uye dzinonangidzirwa nenzira yakarongwa, asi kwakamutsawo mibvunzo pamusoro pouchokwadi uye ukama pakati pekutaura kwapachena kwavatungamiriri nezvitendero zvavo zvakavanzika.

Kutaura Mumasangano Ezvamatongerwe Enyika Akasiyana - siyana Netsika

Kunzwisisa kusiyana - siyana uku kunotibatsira kunzwisisa zvinhu zviri munyika yose zvine chokuita nekutaura kwezvematongerwo enyika uye nzira dzakunoenderana nadzo nemamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana - siyana.

Democratic Mearchism Areast

Mugadziriro dzehurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu, hurukuro dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinoshanda mukati memhoteredzo dzamakwikwi umo vatungamiriri vanofanira kunyengetedza vagari vemo ndokupindura kutsoropodzwa. Kudikanwa kwokuwana sarudzo ndokuchengeta tsigiro yavose kunoparira sundo dzekurukurirano yokugamuchira, yokunyengetedza.

Mugadziriro dzinodzvinyirira, kutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunobatira mabasa akasiana - siana — kuzivisa hurumende nenzira yapamutemo, kuratidzira simba, uye kuchengeta udzori hwepfungwa panzvimbo pokunyengetedza vavhoti vakazvimirira. Pasina makwikwi nezvinobudisa nhau zvakasununguka, vatungamiriri vanotarisana neganhuriro shomanene pakutaura kwavo asiwo denho dzakasiana mukuchengeta chiremera nokudzora kusabvumirana.

Kusiyana Kwetsika Mumaitiro

Tsika dzakasiyana - siyana dzine tsika dzisingadi kubvumwa uye dzinotarisirwa kuti dzikurukure nevezvamatongerwe enyika. Dzimwe tsika dzinokoshesa mutauro wakananga, unotaurwa zviri nyore, asi dzimwe dzinoda zvitaera zvakanyatsorongwa, zvakanyatsorongwa.

Vatungamiriri vari munyika dzine tsika dzakasiyana - siyana kana kuti dzinotaurwa munyika dzakawanda vanofanira kuongorora zvakasiyana - siyana izvi, vachichinja matauriro avo kuvateereri vakasiyana - siyana vachichengeta mashoko avo anokosha. Kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose kwakagadzira mikana yokukurukurirana kwetsika dzakasiyana - siyana uye ngozi dzokusanzwisisa kana zvitayera zvisingachinji zvinobudirira mutsika.

Nguva Yemberi Yekutaura Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika Munguva Yechinyakare

Kunzwisisa kuti magariro aya achaita kuti nyaya dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzifambe sei kunotibatsira kuona kuti zvichafamba sei mumakore anouya.

Kukura Kwekurukurirano Yenzanga Neyakananga

Vatungamiriri vemapurogiramu enhau dzemagariro evanhu vakachinja zvikuru kuti kutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunosvika sei kuvateereri uye kupesvedzera.

Uku kupesana kunoparira mikana yekurukurirano yechokwadi zvikuru, inogamuchira asi kunomutsawo itiro hanya pamusoro pevara rehurukuro yezvamatongerwe enyika, kuparadzirwa kwemashoko asina kururama, uye kukamukana kwenzvimbo dzavose.

Kutarisira Kuduku Kwava Kupera uye Tsika Yakanaka

Zera remichina rakawedzera kupfupi, rinodzokororwa zvikuru mashoko ezvamatongerwe enyika. Uko zvizvarwa zvakapfuura zvingave zvakateerera hurukuro dzakareba awa, vateereri vapanguva imwe cheteyo vanowanzosangana nezvamatongerwe enyika kupfurikidza nezvikamu zvipfupi zvevhidhiyo, matumi, uye mamei. Uku kuchinja denho kuti vatungamiriri vakurukure pfungwa dzakaoma kupfurikidza neforeji dzakamanikana zvikuru vachidzivisa kunyanyovadzisa.

Tsika inopa mibayiro yemashoko asingakanganwiki nenhambo dzinokatyamadza asi inogona kuodza mwoyo kurangarira kusingachinjiki, kunopfuurira uko muitiro wakaoma kunoda. Vatungamiriri vanofanira kudzikamisa kudikanwa kwekurukurirano inovhiringidza ngwariro nomutoro wokubatanidza vagari vemo mukurukurirano dzenhau dzinokosha.

Uchenjeri Hunogadzirwa uye Kukurukurirana Kwematongerwe Enyika

Unyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu hwakafanana nohumwe huri kutanga kupesvedzera kurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika munzira dzakasiyana - siyana, kubva pakubetsera unyanzvi nokuedza mashoko kusvika pakugonesa kuiswa kwakasiyana - siyana kwevateereri nomutauro wetsika. Kunyange zvazvo zvinobudisa nhau zvakagadzirirwa kuita kuti kukurukurirana kwakananga kuve nyore uye "katbot" kungagona kutevedzera mutoo wemushandisi wemunhu wokufunga nemitoo yokukurukurirana, vanhu vachiri kuda kukurukurirana navanhu, vachipanikira kushandiswa kwemichina yesayenzi yokugadzira yokukurukurirana kwezvamatongerwe enyika.

Ruzivo urwu runomutsa mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro pechokwadi, kuchinjwa, uye nguva yemberi yehurukuro dzezvematongerwe enyika. Sezvo AI inova yakapfava zvikuru, ichisiyanisa mashoko ezvamatongerwe enyika akagadzirwa nomunhu neakaitwa nemichina zvingava zvakaoma zvikuru, zvichiguma nokufunga kwehurumende uye kuvimba kwevanhu.

Zvidzidzo Zvinoshanda Kuvagari Vemo Nevatungamiriri Vanokurudzira

Kunzwisisa kuti hurukuro dzezvematongerwe enyika dzinoumba sei nzanga kunogovera zvidzidzo zvinokosha nokuda kwavose vari vaviri vagari vemo vanotsvaka kuva vatori rutivi vanoziva muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu navatungamiriri vanodisa kukurukura nenzira inobudirira.

Kuteerera Kunongwarira uye Kunyora Nokunyora

Vagari vemo vanogona kuzvidzivirira vamene pakushandiswa kwechisimba ndokuita zvisarudzo zviri nani kupfurikidza nokutanga unyanzvi hwokuteerera hunotsoropodza.Izvozvi zvinobatanidza kuziva unyanzvi hwokusada kupindura, kubvunza zvikumbiro zvemirangariro, kutsvaka ufakazi hweidi, uye kurangarira kuti mirangariroi kana kuti mashoko zvingaraswa mumashoko ezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kurava nokunyora pepanhau (8) kunzwisisa kuti mashoko ezvamatongerwe enyika anovakwa sei, anoparadzirwa, uye anoparadzirwa sei (8) kubetsera vagari vemo vanoshandisa mhoteredzo yamashoko yakaoma yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yazvino uno. Nokuziva nzira idzo vatungamiriri vanoshandisa kupesvedzera pfungwa, vagari vemo vanogona kubatanidzwa nokufunga zvikuru nekurukurirano dzezvamatongerwe enyika asi vachiramba vakazaruka kupwitika kupfurikidza nezvibvumikiso zvechokwadi.

Kukudziridza Unyanzvi Hwokukurukurirana Hunobudirira

Kana ukaramba uchikurukura nevamwe zvakanaka, unogona kukurukura navo nenzira inokosha uye inogara kwenguva refu.

Kukurukurirana kwevatungamiriri kunobudirira kunoda kudzidza uye kushandisa nguva dzose.Ikoku kunobatanidza kufunda hurukuro dzinobudirira, kunzwisisa ndangariro dzevateereri, unyanzvi hwokusada mhinduro, uye kutanga mashoko echokwadi anoratidza mipimo yechokwadi nezvitendero. Vatungamiriri vanofanirawo kusakurira tsitsi (mano okunzwisisa nokukurukura zvinonetsa, kutya, uye zvishuvo zvavateereri vakasiyana - siyana.

Kudzikamisa Kunyengetedza Nokuvimbika

Chidzidzo chinokosha zvikuru kubva pakudzidza kutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika chingava kudikanwa kwokudzikamisa kushanda kwekunyengetedza neperero yetsika. Kutaura pachena chimiro chinokosha chokuvimbisana kwehurumende kunokosha kuutano hwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Vatungamiriri avo vanoziva unyanzvi hwokusada kupindura vachichengeta misengwa kuzvokwadi, kunyanduka, uye kurukurirano inovaka vanobatira hurumende dzinotonga hurumende dzinotonga zviri nani kupfuura avo vanoisa betsero yenhambo pfupi yenzanga pasonganiro yenguva refu.

Kudzikama uku kunoda kuramba kuchifungwa nezvezvinangwa zvekurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika uye mitoro inouya nesimba rokupesvedzera murangariro wavanhu.Vavariro yacho haifaniri kuva yokungowina bedzi nharo kana kuti sarudzo asi kubetsera kurangarira kwavose kwokuziva, kwokufunga uko kunosimbisa udzori hwehurumende yehurumende uye kunowedzera zvakanaka zvakarovedzeka.

Kukosha Kusingaperi Kwekutaura Zvematongerwe Enyika

Hurukuro dzezvamatongerwe enyika ndidzo dzinonyanya kukurukurwa muhurukuro, dzichipa nzwisiso huru pamusoro pokuti mutauro unoshandiswa sei kuumba revo, kuumba murangariro wavose, uye kupesvedzera miuyo yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Pasinei nokuchinja kunoshamisa kweruzivo rwemapepanhau netsika dzezvamatongerwe enyika, hurukuro dzinoramba dziri chinhu chinokosha kukukurukurirana kunoita vatungamiriri kuona, kutsigira, uye kukurudzira.

Nzira iyo vatungamiriri vanokurukura nayo namashoko ayo vanotumira inoita kuti vateveri vavo vaite munzira dzakawanda. sundo, chimiro chendangariro, tsika, chivimbo mumano okuita basa, vose vanogona kupesvedzerwa, sezvinogona kuitwa kuti vatsigire sangano nomwoyo wose. Idzi tapuro dzinotambanukira kupfuura mamiriro ezvinhu ezvamatongerwe enyika anokurumidza kuumba tsika dzesangano, mipimo yenzanga, uye zvishuvo zvomunhu oga.

Kunzwisisa kuti hurukuro dzavatungamiriri dzinoumba sei nyika yedu kunoda kunzwisisa zvose zviri zviviri unyanzvi hwokutaura kunobudirira uye mativi akakura umo kurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika inoshanda. Kunoda kutsoropodza mashoko ezvamatongerwe enyika nepo anoramba akazaruka kunyengetedzo yechokwadi nekurudziro. Chinotonyanya kukosha ndechokuti, zvinoda kuziva kuti munzanga dzehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu, tose tiri vateereri uye vangave vasiki vemashoko ezvematongerwe enyika, uye vane mitoro yokufunga nezvayo kuti tibatane nehurukuro dzinoumba nguva yedu yemberi.

Mazano Okumwe Kudzidza

Kune vaya vanoda kuramba vachiongorora kutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika uye kukurukurirana kwevatungamiriri, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinopa nzwisiso huru zvikuru munhau idzi:

  • Academic Journals[[FLT: 1]: mabhuku akafanana neAmerican Journal of Political Science uye Journal of Social and Political Psychology anowanzosimbisa nzvero pamusoro pekurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika uye kutaura
  • Speech Archives: Masangano akafanana ne American Rhetoric inopa mukana wezviuru zvehurukuro dzinokosha dzenhau dzine kuongorora nokutsinhira
  • [ Programs dzeCommunication Studies: Mibato yenyika yose inogovera makosi namapurogiramu edhigirii akanangidzirwa pakurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika, kutaura, uye kutaura kwapachena
  • Broom Revelopment: Gadziriro dzekurukurirano dzinotungamirira dzinobetsera vatungamiriri vanotsvaka dzidzo kukudziridza unyanzvi hwokutaura nokunyengetedza hunobudirira
  • Misangano yeMedia Literable Organizations: Mapoka akazvitsaurira kusimudzira kushandiswa kwezvinotsoropodza zvinobudisa nhau anopa maturusi okuongorora mashoko ezvematongerwe enyika uye kuziva unyanzvi hwokuda kuziva

Kupfurikidza nokubatanidzwa neizvi zvinhu nokushandisa kufunga kwokutsoropodza kuhurukuro dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzatinosangana nadzo, tinogona kuva vagari vemo vanoziva zvikuru navakurukuri vanobudirira zvikuru, tichibetsera kuhurukuro yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yakanaka zvikuru uye kuita zvisarudzo zvakabatana zvine mufungo zvikuru.

Simba ramashoko rokuumba nyika, kunyandura masangano, uye kuchinja nzanga richiri nesimba nhasi sepanhambo ipi neipi munhau. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa kuti hurukuro dzavatungamiriri dzinopesvedzera sei nyika yedu(uye kuti isu, savagari vemo, tinogona sei kuita nokungwarira uye nenzira inovaka nekutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika (8) kusimbisa simba redu nokuda kwekuzvitonga kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu uye fambiro mberi yeboka kunguva yemberi yakarurama zvikuru neyakabudirira.