United States Congress inomira sedare guru rokugadzira mutemo rehurumende yehurumende yehurumende, fandesheni yehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica yakatangwa neChikamu I cheBumbiro reMitemo. Kwaanenge makore 250, yave iri nhandare umo zvisarudzo zvikurusa zvetsika zvenyika zvinokurukurwa, zvakanatswa, uye zvakapiwa. Iyi nhevedzo yomutauro wakajeka inotsanangura kuti Congress inoshanda sei, kubva pachimiro chayo chebidameral kusvikira kumuitiro wakaoma wokushandura pfungwa kuva mutemo. Ungava mudzidzisi anotsanangura miganhu, mudzidzi akagadzirira kuedza, kana kuti mugari wemo anotsvaka kunzwisisa gadziriro inoumba upenyu hwezuva nezuva, iyi inoputsa nzira huru, masimba, uye zvinetso zveDare.

Chii Chinonzi Congress?

Congress ibazu romutemo wehurumende yeUnited States, rinopomerwa kuita mitemo yehurumende, kudzora kupambadza kwehurumende, kusimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi, kuzivisa hondo, uye kutungamirira bazi guru. VaFatheringidzi vakagadzira chivako chebucameral / makamuri maviri akaparadzana, sekubvumirana pakati pehurumende huru neduku paConvention yeMitemo yeChibvumirano cheChibvumirano cheChibvumirano cheNyika ye1787. House of Screaderts inomirira vanhu vakavakirwa pavagari vemo, nepo Dare rinopa nyika imwe neimwe mufananidzo wakaenzana. Ichi chivako chine mbiri chinovimbisa kuti zvose zviri zviviri chiverengero chavagari vemo neuchangamire hwehurumende zvinobatanidzwa mukugadzira mutemo werudzi.

Congress inowana chiremera chayo kubva ku , zvakarongwa muChikamu I, Chikamu 8 cheBumbiro reMitemo, chinobatanidza simba rokubhadhara mutero, kukwereta mari, kudzora kutengeserana kwenyika, mari, kutanga mahofisi epositi, kumutsa nokutsigira mauto, uye kugovera garikano. [[FLT:] Nhessora neFather Claus [[FLT]] (zvinonziwo Elcastic Claus Express]) zvinopawo chibvumirano chokupfuudzano kupfuudza mitemo inodikanwa kuita masimba ayo anoverengwa, gadziriro yakabvumira gadziriro kukurukura nhau dzinovambira pakodzero dzavagari vemo kusvikira panzvimbo yavose. Nokuda kwoudzamende, shanyo dzeBS [FFFOK]

Kuvambwa Kwemisangano

Imba Yavamiriri

Imba yeVamiririri ine mitezo 435 inovhota, mumwe nomumwe anobatira shoko regore maviri uye anomirira ruwa rumwe chete rwedare. Nhamba yavamiririri paruwa rumwe inosarudzwa nedeccal Treasurence U.S. Census, iyo inokohwa zvigaro zvezvigaro zvevagari vemo zvakavakirwa pamajana avagari vemo. Nyika dzine vanhu vakawanda, dzakadai seCalifornia (52 zvigaro) uye Texas (zvigaro) zvine dzimwe, nepo nyika duku dzakafanana naDelaware naVermont dzine imwe chete. Mumiririri mumwe nomumwe anofanira kuva nemakore 25 chete, mugari wemo wehurumende yeU.

Imba inoshanda pasi pemirau inodzorwa nemirau inoganhura kurukurirano nokuita zvisarudzo. Mutauri weImba , akasarudzwa nebato, mukuru mukuru anotungamirira uye wechipiri mumutsetse nokuda kwapurezidhendi pashure poMutungamiriri. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzoutungamiriri dzinobatanidza Mutungamiriri weMajorth, Majorith Wip, uye vakwanyina vavo vashoma. Matare muImba ari umo zvizhinjisa zvebasa rine udzame hunoitika, kuva nemitengo, kuisa mitemo pamberi pechiito chouriri. Nemhaka yokuti vamiririri vakatarisana nokusarudza makore maviri ari ose, Imba inowanzorondedzerwa seimba iri pedyo zvikuru navanhu, inogamuchira murangariro wapachena. Nokuda kwamashoko makuru pamabasa, kunzvera mabasa epaimba [FOFOF]

Dare

Dare rinoumbwa nemitezo 100, navasanderi vehurumende imwe neimwe vanosarudza vagari vemo vaviri pasinei zvapo nechiverengero chavagari vemo. Vasarudzo vanobatira mashoko amakore matanhatu, uye sarudzo dzinokatyamadzwa zvokuti inenge chikamu chimwe chezvitatu cheDare rinosimudzirwa nokuda kwokusarudzazve makore maviri ari ose. Iyi gadziriro inogovera kupfuurira nokutsiga −a anoona namaune pamusoro peImba inochinja zvikuru. Vagari vemo vanofanira kuva namakore 30 okukura, U.S.

Dare rine masimba anoverengeka echienzi asina kugoveranwa neImba, kubatanidza chiremera chokusimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi (mitezo yedare, vatongi vehurumende, vatongi veDare Guru) uye kutendera zvibvumirano nezvivhoti zviviri. Mutungamiriri weUnited States anobatira saPrezidente weDare asi anovhota bedzi. Mutungamiriri weMaster, kwete Mutungamiriri weSanihese, anogadza magariro eDare. Mutezo wakakurumbira unobvumira kurukurirano isina kuganhurana, inogona kutungamirira ku [[FLT:] Filister[FL:][FLT] [FL:]] [FL:]] [FLT]] [12] [5]] .[3]

Kuva Kunoita Bhiri

Rwendo rwegweta kubva kune pfungwa kuenda kumutemo muitiro wamaune, une nhano dzakawanda wakarongedzerwa kuva nechokwadi chekurukurirano yakakwana ndokudzivisa mutemo wokukurumidza. Nepo nzira yacho ichigona kusiana, heyi nzira inodiwa:

  1. Kuwedzera: pamutemo unogona kutangwa bedzi nomutezo weCongress. Inopiwa nhamba (mutoo, H.R. 1 nokuda kweImba, S. 1 nokuda kweDare) uye inodhindwa. Zviuru zvemabhiri zvinotangwa rusando rumwe norumwe, asi chikamu bedzi chinova mutemo.
  2. Committee Referral: Mutemo unotumirwa kudare rakafanira (mutoo, Dare reImba paNzi nePromswo yezvoutano). Chigaro chedare chinosarudza kana kuronga kunzwa nokurungisa. Matare anogona kudzorera pamutemo, kuuuraya kupfurikidza nechamuiti, kana kuti kuushuma zvakanaka kuimba yakazara.
  3. Kurangarira (Imba):[[FLT] Mumba, mutengo unoenda kuDare reMitemo, rinogadza miganhu yekurukurirano ne(nguva, nhamba yedzose yedzose inobvumirwa. House yakazara ipapo nharo nevhoti. Voruzhinji (218 vavhota kana mitezo yose iripo) vanodikanwa nokuda kwokupfuudzwa.
  4. Kurangarira (Sayenzi): MuDare, Mutungamiriri mukuru anoronga nguva youriri. Kugadzikisa kazhinji kazhinji hakunoganhurirwi kutoti bvumirano yebvumirano yavose yakaiganhurira. Voruzhinjiwo zvavo (51 vhota) inodikanwa nokuda kwokutora, asi vanambuya vanogona kuraira mavhoti 60 nokuda kwokugwamba.
  5. [ Commoncience Committee: Kana Imba neDare zvikapfuudza shanduro dzakasiana dzemutemo mumwe chetewo, dare remusangano(rinounganidzwa rakabva mumakamuri ose ari maviri) rinonatsa misiyano. Shanduro yokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira inofanira kutenderwa nemakamuri ose ari maviri sezvakanyorwa chaizvoizvo.
  6. Act: Mutemo wokupedzisira unoenda kuPurezidhendi, uyo anogona kusaina mumutemo, kuubvumira kuva mutemo pasina kusaina pashure pamazuva 10 (kana kuti Congress iri murusando).

Uyu muitiro unobatanidza avhareji yemwedzi kana kuti kunyange makore. Nokuda kwokunzvera chaikoiwo kwapanguva ino kupfurikidza neCongress, shandisa Conners.gov rall reschemor.

Basa Ramatare

Matare anowanzonzi Mabhiza ebasa eDare. Nemhaka yokuti hakuna mutezo mumwe unogona kudzora nhau iri yose, matare anobvumira kupiwa. Ane teerero apo nyanzvi, vatsigiri, uye vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanopupurira; vanotungamirira masangano anotungamirira; uye vanonatsa mutemo kupfurikidza no muitiro, umo mitezo inokurukura uye inopedza mitsetse nemitsetse. Kune marudzi anoverengeka amabhiri ematare:

  • Matare anomira: nzvimbo dzenguva dzose dzakanangidzirwa panzvimbo chaidzo dzemiitiro, dzakadai seAgriculture, Approprices, Serorications, uye Judiary. Zvose zviri zviviri Imba neDare zvine shanduro dzazvo.
  • Kusarudza kana kuti Matare Chaiwo: Matare echinguvana akaumbwa kunzvera chinyorwa chakati (mutoo, Dare) kana kuti kuita fundo chaiyo.
  • [ Matare adzimai: Akarongwa nemitezo inobva mumakamuri ose ari maviri, anowanzobata nhau dzokutarisira kana kuti fundo (umh., Dare Rokubatana paMataikoro).
  • [ Komiti dzeConference: Maparera echinguvana anoumbwa zvakananga kupedza misiyano pakati peshanduro dzeImba neDare remitemo. Mishumo yavo haichinji, hvhoti dzekamuri rimwe nerimwe kana kuti kwete.

Zvigaro zvedare, nguva dzose kubva kuboka , zvine simba guru pamusoro pezvirongwa. Vanosarudza kuti zvikweretii zvinowana kunzwa, zvapupui zvinodanwa, uye kana mutengo uchienda kuuriri. kazhinji kazhinji purogiramu yedare, kunyange zvazvo vatungamiriri vebato vachigona kupesvedzera migove. Zvikamu zvinobata misoro mitete mukati mebumbiro redare, zvichibvumira kunyange kutarira kukuru zvikuru. Nokuda kwekutarira mativi edare nemibato, [[FLT:] Commetes paDare. [FLT:]

Makeja Nedzikamo

Dare rinoiswa mugadziriro yamasimba akaparadzana umo bazu rimwe nerimwe (kuparadza, kutonga, dare) rinogona kunzvera mamwe. Uku kunzvera kunodzivisa bazu ripi neripi kudzora uye nderepakati kugadziriro yeBumbiro remitemo. Mienzaniso inokosha inobatanidza:

  • .Ikasaitika: Kana Mutungamiriri wehurumende akabvisa mutemo, Congress anogona kudzora kudzorwa ikoko netatu mbiri mumakamuri ose ari maviri. Ikoku hakuwanzoitika. Zvinenge 4% zvevetoes zvave zvisingadzoreki munhau yeU.S.(*) asi tyisidziro inoumba rondedzero yapurezidhendi.
  • Simba reKutendeutsa: Imba ine simba rimwe rokupa mhosva vakuru vakuru vehurumende, kubatanidza Purezidhendi, Mutongi, Mutongi, uye vatongi. Ipapo Dare rinoedza kuvhota kutendiswa; mavhoti maviri namatatu anodikanwa nokuda kwokupfimbwa nokubviswa. Mapurezidhendi matatu bedzi (Andrew Johnson, Bill Clinton, Donald Trump) akapinzwa mhaka neImba; hapana akawawakapiwa mhaka neDare.
  • Chibvumikiso cheChibvumirano:[[FLT: 1] Mutungamiriri wehurumende anogadza vanyori vedare, nhume, vatongi vomubatanidzwa, uye vatongi veDare Rapamusoro, asi Dare rinofanira kuvasimbisa kupfurikidza nevhoti zhinji. Ikoku kunopa pesvedzero huru pamapazu edare anotungamirira neanotonga.
  • Ratiation: Mutungamiriri wenyika anotaurirana zvibvumirano, asi zvinoda kutenderwa nemativi maviri ane chitatu eDare. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kuzvibvumirano zvizhinji zvichichinjwa, kunonotswa, kana kuti kurambwa.
  • Simba rePumhession:[[FLT: 1] rinodzora ndyiko dzose dzehurumende. Imba inotanga zvikwereti zvemari (mashoko okuvamba), uye makamuri ose ari maviri anofanira kupfuudza mabhiri okukumbira mari isati yagona kupedzwa. Ikoku kunobvumira kuti Kokorodzano ibvise nhano dzamabazu avakurudzi.
  • Kuongorora nokunzvera: Matare anogona kuisa magwaro epopona, kukoka zvapupu, uye kuva nemhosva dzokunzvera kuti mitemo iri kuitwa sei. Iri basa rokutarisira icherekedzo inokosha pasimba roukuru, sezvinoonwa mukunzvera kwechinyadziso cheWatergate, Iran-Contate, uye mibvunzo mishomanene yazvino.
  • Advice naRevotion yeDare rapamusoro-soro: Basa reDare mukusimbisa ruramisiro razova rinotsiva zvikuru, nenhau imwe neimwe yokunatsiridza kunzvera kukuru. Kuramba kuva nemhosvo nokuda kwaMerrick Garland muna 2016 uye kusimbiswa kwapachikamu kwaAmy Coney Barrett muna 2020 kunoratidzira kuti kunzvera uku kunogona kuchinja sei kwakavakirwa pakudzora kwezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kumirira uye Kuitira Vamwe Mabasa

Kupfuura kugadzira mutemo, mitezo yeCongress inobatira savatapi navagari vemo nehurumende yehurumende. Konsituent masangano. (anowanzonzi basa repabopoti ] (imomo muzhinjisa renguva yomumiriri kana kuti yedare. Mitezo yeruwa inobetsera kutungamirira zvinetso neSocial Security, betsero dzavarwi, nhau dzokupinda munyika, Medicare, uye mamwe masangano ehurumende. Mitezowo ine misangano yetaundi, inotumira mapepa, uye inochengeta mahofisi oruwa kuti irambe ikabatana nezvinobatanidzwa zvomunzvimbomo.

Mufananidzo unofamba munzira dzose dziri mbiri: vakuru vakuru vanokarirwa kutsigira nokuda kworuwa rwavo kana kuti nyika apo vanorangarirawo fariro yenyika. Mutevedzeri wehurumende yokurima angamanikidzira nokuda kwemari yemari yepurazi, nepo mumiriri anobva kuruwa rwegungwa angaisa nhevedzano yeinishuwarenzi yamafashamo. Kunyanduka pakati pemifungo yomunzvimbomo neyorudzi rutivi rwenguva dzose rwoupenyu hwechibvumirano. Kukwira kwezvinobudisa nhau zvenzanga nenhau dzetambo kwakawedzera dzvinyiriro kukwirira kubase Reconficiate, pane dzimwe nguva pakurasikirwa nokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira kwebiparstan.

Matambudziko Anotarisana Nemisangano

Kunyange zvazvo Congress ichiri sangano risingachinji, inotarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvakakura zvakawanda zvinokanganisa kushanda kwayo uye kukurumbira kwayo:

  • Paratorishi neGridlock: Kuvhota kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwakawedzera zvikuru mumakumi amakore mashomanene apfuura. Kuvhota kwepapamutezo zvino ndiwo muitiro, uye vanabuster muDare kazhinji kazhinji vanoda mavhoti 60 okupfuudza mutemo mukuru. Uku kukura kwatungamirira kukuoma kwemitemo panhau dzakadai sekuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, uye kudzorwa kwepfuti. Mukuwirirana nePew Research Center, maAmerica anoona rwisano sechinetso chikuru.
  • Girrymaning: Munyika dzakawanda, miganhu yoruwa inoiswa nemitemo yehurumende kuti idivire rimwe divi, kugadzira zvigaro zvakakotsekana zvinoderedza sarudzo dzemakwikwi. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kuvamiriri vanobatira mifungo yakanyanyisa panzvimbo pokutsvaka nzvimbo yakarovedzeka.
  • Campaign Mari ne Mari muMatongerwe enyika: Kumhanyisa nokuda kweCongress kunodhura, namadzinza omudzimba anodya mamiriyoni namakumi amamirioni eDare. Vatsigiri vanopedza nguva inotora mari, iyo inogona kubvisa sundo pakutonga. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti mipiro mikuru inopa vanhu vakapfuma nepesvedzero yamasangano asingachinjiki.
  • Kubvumira Ruvimbiko Rwavose:[[FLT: 1] Kubvumira kweCongress kwave kuchipfuurira munenge 20% kwamakore akawanda, kuratidzira vhiringidziko yakapararira nerodhi, shatiso, uye kusashanda. Kuvimba kuduku kunoita kuti zvive zvakaoma zvikuru kuti mitezo iite chiito chakashinga, bipartisani nokuda kwokutya kudzosa.
  • Kupfuudza nhau dzakadai souchenjeri hwokunyepedzera, kombiyuta, uye kuchinja kwezvoutano kunoda zivo huru. Congress inotsamira pamatare, Congress Congregational Research Research Service, uye Office yeMano yeHurumende kugovera unyanzvi, asi kuoma kwemitemo kunogona kunonotsa kuparira miuyo isingakarirwi.
  • Nharo yeFilibuster: Vamwe vachinji vanotaura kuti Dare rinofanira kubvisa kana kuti kugadziridza Dare kuita kuti kuve nyore kupfuudza mutemo noukuru hwakapfava, sezvinoita Imba. Vamwe vanotaura kuti mwana anodzivirira maruramiro maduku uye anokurudzira kuvakwa kweboka. Iyi kurukurirano inoramba isina kupedzwa.

mhedziso

Kunzwisisa kuti Congress inoshanda sei kunokosha nokuda kwougari hwemo hunozivikanwa. Muitiro wemitemo ungaratidzika kuva unononoka uye unoshatisa nemhiko yemagadzirirwo(*) asi unopa mikana mizhinji yokubudisa, kukurukurirana, uye kunatsiridza. Kuvambira pahoro yemapurazi yetaundi kusvikira kunzvimbo inonzwa dare kuvhota, nhano iri yose inoratidzira vavariro yavavambi yokuumba donzo rokuparira kumhanya kunodzikamiswa nokungwarira. Vadzidzisi navadzidzi vanonzwisisa izvi zvinokosha vanogona kunzvera zviri nani zviitiko zvazvino uno, kubatana navamiririri vavo, uye kutsigira mitemo yavanodavira. Apo Congressssss anotarisana nedenho chaidzo, basa rayo guru, kuumba vanhu veAmerica uye kuita kuti mitemo iumbe rudzi nhasi sezvainokosha muna 1789.