Chitanga: Chirongwa Chokupurisa Chine Miraundi

United States inoita mumwe wemiitiro yokuchengetwa kwemitemo yakaisvonaka zvikurusa munyika. Anopfuura 18 000 ehurumende, nyika, uye masangano omunzvimbomo anogoverana mutoro wekotsekano yavose, rimwe nerimwe nechiremera charo rimene, mari, uye zvokutanga. Ichi chivako chakanangidzirwa pamicheka chinogona kutanga tyisidziro dzakajeka / asi chinoparirawo denho dzetsinhirano, kudirana, uye kugoverwa kwamapikicha kwakasiana. Kunzwisisa kuti mwero mumwe nomumwe unoshanda sei, uye kuti unofambidzana sei, kunokosha sei kunzwisiswa nokuda kwokunzwisisa simba nezvikanganiso zveAmerican Policles nhasi.

Kuongorora uku kwokuenzanisa kunoratidza mabasa akasiyana - siyana okuita kuti mutemo utevedzerwe munyika, uye munzvimbo, nzira dzavanoshanda nadzo (kana kuti kukundikana), uye zvinetso zvavanosangana nazvo.

Kumanikidzwa Kubvumira Mutemo Wenyika: Chiremera Chorudzi Nemabasa Anokosha

Masangano anochengetedza mutemo anoshanda pasi pechiremera cheCongress yeU.S. uye bazu guru rehurumende anotambanudza miganhu yenyika nemuganhu wamarudzi ose, zvichiabvumira kupedza mhaka dzinopfuura miganhu yomunzvimbomo — zvakadai sougandanga, kutengesa mirimo kwakakomba, kunyengera mune zvemari, uye kombiyuta. Kusafanana nehurumende nevakuru vakuru vehurumende, vamiririri vehurumende havasi mapurisa ehurumende; vanonangidzira ngwariro pamitemo inopunzirwa kwemitemo uye kazhinji kazhinji vanoshanda mumasimba ebasa nemamwe masangano.

Ganhuriro Huru

Masangano eFBI anobatirana ane mabhajeti makuru zvikuru, ruzivo rwazvino uno, uye rovedzo chaiyo izvo nyika dzakawanda namadhipatimendi omunzvimbomo zvisina. Somuenzaniso, Apply’s Directive Index System yeDNA (CODIS) neATF’s National Intetrated Information Network (NIBIN) zvinogovera maturusi okunzvera ayo masangano maduku asingagoni kubhadhara oga. Zvisinei, kuchengetwa kwomutemo kwehurumende kunoganhurirwa muukoshi: haigoni kugombedzera mitemo yehurumende kana kuti kupindura danidzoro dzebasa kufanana nokupunzinhidzo dzemotokari dzomumugwagwa kana kuti ruzha rwomunzvimbomo.

Miganhu Yakakomba Neganhuriro

Udzori hwemagariro hahuna kuganhurirwa. Bumbiro reMitemo rinopa chiremera cheCongress pamusoro pezvokutengeserana munyika, nhau dzokumwe, uye zvinhu zvehurumende, asi zuva zhinjisa utsotsi hwechimurenga (mhindi, umbavha, kurova). Iyi muganhu wapamutemo unovimbisa kuti simba rehurumende rinoramba richinangidzirwa pazvinhu zvinokosha zvorudzi, asi unogonawo kuparira misiyano apo masangano omunzvimbomo anokundwa nezvinoitika zvakaoma.

Kumanikidzwa Kutevedzerwa Nomutemo Wehurumende: Kudzora Mukaha

Masangano anotarisira mutemo wehurumende anoita basa rapakati. Anomanikidzira mitemo yehurumende, anotenderera migwagwa mikuru, uye anogovera pfuma chaiyo kumapareti omunzvimbomo. Kusafanana namasangano ehurumende, mapurisa ehurumende ane chiremera chehurumende chokuchengeta mutemo mukati menyika yavo, asi chiremera chawo chinoganhurirwa kumiganhu yenyika. Muganhu unosiyana zvikuru: dzimwe nyika dzakabatanidza mapurisa ehurumende namabasa akazara okutarisira mutemo, nepo dzimwe dzichishanda mumugwagwa wakaparadzana uye mabhirefereji.

Ganhuriro Dzavose Dzehurumende

  • State Police: Masangano eGazhowa anoongorora migwagwa yose, anonzvera utsotsi, uye anobetsera madhipatimendi omunzvimbomo. Mienzaniso inobatanidza Pennsylvania State Police, iyo inogovera mapurisa makuru nokuda kwavakuru vakuru vanopfuura 2 000, uye Texas Department of Public Safety, iyo inobata zvose zviri zviviri kufamba mumugwagwa nenzvero dzoutsotsi.
  • [[FLT: 0] Patrol: Yakanangidzirwa chose chose pakotsekano yemotokari, kuchengetwa kwemotokari dzebhizimisi, uye kunzvera tsaona. California Highway Patrol muenzaniso unozivikanwa.
  • State Bureau of Investigation (SBI): Aya masangano (mutoo, North Carolina SBI, Georgia Bureau of Investigation) anobata nzvero dzakaoma dzakadai souori hwavanhu, arson, uye mabasa makuru emirimo. Anowanzobatira seboka rokuongorora apo masangano omunzvimbomo ane rwisano yefariro.

Kuchengetwa kwomutemo wehurumende kunokosha zvikurukuru munharaunda dzomumaruwa umo mahofisi eruwa ehurumende ari maduku uye angashaiwa zviwanikwa nokuda kwebasa guru rokutonga. Masangano mazhinji amapurisa ehurumende anoshandisawo marabhorabhu outsotsi, kurovedza zvikoro, uye nzvimbo dzokusanganisa idzo dzinobatanidza uchenjeri mumitemo. The International Association of Directorers of Law Inforcement Standard and Training (IDLEST)[FL:1] inogovera nhungamiro pamipimo yedzidzo yehurumende.

Kubatana Nezvirongwa Zvomunzvimbomo

Mapurisa ehurumende anowanzoshanda sechitima chinobatsira madhipatimendi omunzvimbomo. Anogona kugovera tsigiro yeherikoputa, mapoka eSWAT, mapoka eK. 769, uye unyanzvi hwokunzvera izvo taundi duku risingagoni kutsigira. Munjodzi. Zvakadai sengwavaira dzomusikirwo kana kuti kusagadzikana kwavanhu. Gavhuna anogona kutumira mapurisa ehurumende kurutivi rupi norupi rwenyika. Zvisinei, masangano anodzorwa anogona kutungamirira kunyanduka, zvikurukuru apo vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanoshandisa chiremera pazvinoitika zvomunzvimbomo. Kujeka miteo namasimba ebasa anobatira pamwe chete zvinobetsera kuderedza rwisano idzi.

Kumanikidzwa Kutevedzera Mutemo Womunzvimbomo: Mutsa Wokupedzisira Wokudzora

Kuchengetwa kwomutemo kwomunzvimbomo − kunodzorwa namadhipatimendi emapurisa eguta, mahofisi eruwa emapurisa ehurumende, uye mapurisa edzinza (*) ndicho chimiro chinooneka nechinosvikika zvikurusa chemapurisa. Masangano aya anobata kufambidzana kukurusa kwevagari vemo, kubva pakumira kwemotokari kusvikira kunjodzi dzemudzimba kusvikira kuutsotsi hwechisimba. Anobhadharwa zvikurukuru nemitero yomunzvimbomo, uko kunoreva pfuma yavo namano anosiana zvikuru papfuma navagari venzanga vaanoshumira.

Mahofisi Emapurisa eGuta

Madhipatimendi emapurisa omuguta anoshanda mumaruwa akabatanidzwa, anobva mumataundi maduku ane mapurisa mashoma anoshanda kusvikira kumauto makuru eguta akadai seNYPD (vakuru vakuru vane yunifomu 36 000). Mitoro yavo mikuru inobatanidza kutenderera, kuita kwekurumidziro, kufeyafeya utsotsi, kuchengetwa kwemotokari, uye kubuda kwenzanga. Madhipati akawanda eguta anoshandawo mapoka chaiwo nokuda kwemagen’a, matsotsi, kana kuti kupindira kwendangariro kwenjodzi.

Hofisi dzaSheriff Dzoruwa

Mahofisi esheriff anobatira nzvimbo dzisina kubatanidzwa uye anopa murairo mumativi ose. Kusafanana navakuru vakuru vamapurisa, vatongi vakasarudzwa zvakatanhamara, izvo zvinotanga kuzvidavirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika asiwo kupiwa simba kwomutemo. Kuwedzera kukuongorora nokunzvera, vatongi vanotarisira majeri eruwa, vanobatira mapepa edare (mhiko, kudzingwa kwemapurisa), uye vanogovera chengeteko nokuda kwedzimba dzedare. Mamwe mahofisi emapurisa anotanga kubatanidzwa zvikuru mukuchengetwa kwemitemo yehurumende kupfurikidza nokubatanidzwa kweICE, apo vamwe vanonangidzira ngwariro pakusvika kwenzanga kunenge kwakananga.

Tsika Dzenzanga: Uzivi Nomuitiro

Mapurisa enzanga inzira yakagamuchirwa zvikuru inosimbisa kuvaka kuvimbana uye kuyanana pakati pavakuru vakuru nevagari vemo. Inosiyana nemutevedzeri wevatsigiri wetsika inongova yakabatana pachinetso. Vanoongorora makumbo, uye misangano yenzanga yenguva dzose. Nzvero dzinoratidza kuti mapurisa anogona kuderedza kutya utsotsi, kuvandudza ukama hwemapurisa, uye kuwedzera kushuma kwoutsotsi. Zvisinei, madhipatimendi akawanda anotaura kuti anoshandisa basa renzanga asi achiri kutsamira zvikuru pamienzaniso yemasangano. PSOPS] Hofisi yemapurisa ye[FLT:] (Communiclictic Poligist Officestion Services) inogovera nokutsigira izvi zviito.

Kuongorora Kunoenzaniswa Kwomutemo

Kunyange zvazvo mitanho yose iri mitatu ichigoverana chinangwa chimwe chete chekotsekano yavose, inosiyana zvikurukuru mukudzora, pfuma, kuisa ngwariro pakushanda, uye zvivako zvokuzvidavirira.

Jurisciation

: Rumwe rudzi, asi rwakaganhurirwa kumirairo yehurumende. Haungagoni kuita kuti mitemo yehurumende kana kuti foni dzomunharaunda ive yakarongwa. Chikamu:[ mukati memiganhu yenyika, nechiremera chokumanikidzira mitemo yenyika munzvimbo ipi neipi nyika ine muganhu. muganhu weguta kana kuti miganhu, kutoti bvumirano dzokuyamurana dzichitambanudza chiremera.

Mari Yakawanikwa uye Mari Yaishandiswa

Masangano ehurumende anofarikanya bhajeti hurusa, ruzivo rwapamusoro, uye gadziriro dzokurovedza dzakakura. Masangano ehurumende anosiana: mamwe anosanosanorongwa, nepo mamwe achirwisana nemitemo inodzorwa. Madhipatimendi omunzvimbomo maruwa asina kuenzana zvikurusa (maruwa) anogona kupfuudza zviverengero zvakakwirira zvokugarika kwavagari vemo, nechero madhipatimendi omumaruwa ane urombo nemumaguta anoshanda nemidziyo isingachashandiswi uye kuperevedza kwavashandi vanotsoropodza. Uku kupesana kwakananga kunotapura rudzi rwebasa nekotsekanokanwo yevakuru vakuru vebasa.

Kuisa Pfungwa Pachinhu Chinokosha

Kuchengetwa kwomutemo kwehurumende kunonangidzira ngwariro pautsotsi hwakakwirira, kutsiva kwakawanda nechengeteko yenyika. Masangano ehurumende anowanzobatira basa rimwe: kuchengetwa kwemotokari netsigiro yavose yomutemo. Masangano omunzvimbomo anobata nhau dzakawanda zvikurusa dzinobva panyunyuto dzoruzha kusvikira kukuurayana.

Kubatana Nokuderera

Masimba makuru ebasa ndiwo mutoo mukuru webatira pamwe. Joint Terrorism Task Forces (JTFs) anounganidza FBI, nyika, uye vashandi vomunzvimbomo; mauto emirimo anobatanidza DEA, mapurisa ehurumende, uye masangano ezvokushandisa zvinodhaka zvomunzvimbomo; uye masimba eutsotsi amasimba masimba anodenha vapari vepfuti pfuti. Kuvhota kwamasimba masimba kunowanzoshanda, asi makwikwikwi okupa chikwereti, misiyano mutsika, uye madhaimejiro anogona kumisa kushanda. A 2020 Doj post

Kuzvidavirira Nokutarisira

Vamiririri vanozvidavirira mumitemo yehurumende nemitemo yomukati, kazhinji kazhinji nokutarisira kwakazvimirira kwakadai seFBI’s Office of Professional Professional Rescrence. Mapurisa ehurumende anopindura gavhuna nehurumende; dzimwe nyika dzine mabhodhi edzokororosi. Madhipatimendi omunzvimbomo anozvidavirira kumeya, madare eguta, uye mabhodhi enyika, asi akawanda anotarisana noutarisiri huduku hwokunze. Basa remiitiro yokuzvidavirira yapasi pakushandisa simba nokushuma kusazvibata.

Matambudziko Akasangana Nemazano Okumanikidza Kunoitwa Mumutemo Kunzvimbo Dzose

Pasinei nokusiyana kwaanoita, masangano ehurumende, ehurumende, uye emunyika yacho ane zvinetso zvakawanda zvinotadzisa vanhu kuvimba uye kushanda zvakanaka.

  • Kuisa kusafanira: Madhipatimendi omunzvimbomo munzanga dzinowanwa shoma anowanzoshanda pamari yetsandanyama yeshangu, kuchitungamirira kukushanda zvishoma, rovedzo yakaderedzwa, uye kuvimba noruzivo rwenguva. Federal inopa sepurogiramu yeBerne JaG inobetsera, asi haigoni kuvhara mukaha.
  • Trust and Legitacy: Zviitiko zvakakwirira zveutsinye hwamapurisa, kurasika kwedzinza, uye kusazvibata kwetsika zvakaderedza chivimbo, zvikurukuru pakati penzanga shoma. Kudzorera chivimbo kunoda kuonana, kuvimbisana kwenzanga, uye kuzvidavirira kune revo nokuda kwomufambiro usina kururama.
  • Kurovedza Njodzi: Vakuru vakuru vazhinji vanogamuchira bedzi maawa mashomanene erovedzo huru, nesimbiso shomanene pakubviswa kwebasa, fungidziro yakakwana, kupindira kwenjodzi, uye mhinduro youtano hwendangariro. Mitemo yakakwirira yokurovedza inowanzova nezvinoitika zviduku zvikuru muna 463, asi kuchinja hakuna kufanira.
  • Utano hwetsinga neHome: Kuchengetwa kwoMutemo kazhinji kazhinji imhinduro yapanguva dzose kuzvinetso zvoutano hwendangariro nokushaya pokugara(nzi) zvinenge zvichitaurwa zviri nani navashandi vomunzanga navezvoutano. Copreplansfey famists (vakuru vakuru vemipikili) vanoratidza chipikirwa asi vanoda mari neyakati mativi ose.
  • [ Mitezo yemasangano ezvokunzvera naMagariro echienzi: Unyanzvi hwazvino uno (nyama, drone, ALPR) hunogona kuvandudza kuzvidavirira nokuunganidzwa kwoufakazi, masangano maduku haagoni kuitenga. Uyezve, kuwanda kwematurusi anonzvera kunokwira pamusoro pezvishuva zvehurumende zvinoda mitemo yakajeka noutariri hwavanhu vose.
  • Kuisa pachena: kurukurirano pamusoro pokuzvidza mapurisa, kukwanisa kudzivirira zvirwere, uye kugadziridza mari yebheyi zvazova nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa, zvichiita kuti kuve kwakaoma kushandisa mirau inotsamira pasaizi. Varwi vari pasi kazhinji kazhinji vanonzwa vabatwa pakati.

Nguva Yemberi Yokumanikidzwa Kushanda Kwomutemo: Miitiro Yokubvisa Zvipingamupinyi Zvinopfuurira

Kuchengetwa kwomutemo muUnited States kuri kuchinja, kuchisundwa nezvinodikanwa zvenzanga, kuchinja kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, uye kuwedzera kuzivikanwa kwokuti kuchengeteka kwevanhu kunoda zvinopfuura kungoshanda mumapurisa chete.

Kubatanidzwa Munzanga uye Kuziviswa Kwechengeteko

Madhipatimendi anofambira mberi ari kuchinja kuenda kumuenzaniso umo kushanda kwamapurisa pamwe chete navagari vemo, mabhizimisi, uye migumisiro isina purofiti kupedza zvisakiso zvikuru zvoutsotsi(hwurombo), kushaikwa kwomukana, dzimba dzisina kutsarukana. Uku “kugadzirwa kwechinhu” kwakabatanidzwa nokuderedza masimba masimba nokuvandudza chivimbo, asi kunoda kuchengetwa kwenhambo refu nenhambo uko maakampuruchisi mazhinji asingagoni kutsigira.

Kuchinja Kweruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nemashandiro Anoita Mari

Zviratidzo zvokudeya kutaura, gadziriro dzokuwana pfuti, uye nzvimbo chaidzoidzo dzoutsotsi hwenguva zviri kuva zvakakurumbira zvikuru. Apo zvinoshandiswa zvakajeka uye mukati memiganhu yapamutemo, aya maturusi anogona kubetsera masangano kupindura nokukurumidza nokugovera zviwiro. Zvisinei, tarisiro inokosha kudzivisa maatomu anosarura nokuputsa kwakavanzika. National Institute of Secreference and Technology inogovera nhungamiro nokuda kwokugamuchira kwoufakazi hwemichina hunovakwa.

Kuchinja Kwemitemo uye Kuzvidavirira

Hurumende dziri kupfuudza nenzira inowedzera chinjo dzinoganhurira kushandiswa kwebanga remichina, makamera anoraira mutumbi . Pamwero wehurumende, George Floyd Justice muPolicing Act yakakarakadzwa, kunyange zvazvo yakadzorwa. Muitiro wechinjo wakajeka, asi kushandura kunoramba kuchipesana uye kunokwikwikwidzana mune zvamatongerwe enyika.

Kukudza Bhokisi Rinopa Mhinduro

Zvirongwa zvinotsiva mhinduro dzamapurisa kuwana: mapoka enjodzi asina zvombo (seCAHOOTS muEugene, Oregon), mapoka endangariro anofambirwa nemhepo, uye vadzongonyedzi vamasimba masimba. aya mapurogiramu akaderedza kusungwa uye miuyo yakavandudzwa nokuda kwavanhu vari munjodzi. Kuvakwidziridza munyika yose kuchada chinjo mukushandisa mari muzvinhu zvinokosha kure nebhajeti yehurumende yegamuchidzanwa.

Kuona Mashoko Zvakajeka uye Ufakazi Zvacho

Mitemo inomanikidzirwa kubudisa mashoko pamusoro pemira, kunzvera, kushandisa kupfura kwakavhengana. National Useuph (National useràof̆Fce Data Court) vavariro dzokuzadza mikaha mirefu yemazita inogara, asi kutora rutivi ndekwokuzvidira, uye masangano akawanda haana kupa mashoko. Kujeka kwakazara kunotsoropodza nokuda kwokunzvera.

Mugumisiro: Gadziriro Inodikanwa Kuremekedza

Gadziriro yokuchengetedzwa kwomutemo weAmerica, yakakamuraniswa pakati pemwero yehurumende, yehurumende, uye yomunzvimbomo, haisati iri sangano rimwe asi kubatana kwakasununguka kwamasangano ane mitoro yakaenzana namabasa asina kukodzerana. Iri dare rinogona kuva simba(hwunobvumira kubatana nokuchinja kwomunzvimbomo) asi rinosimudzirawo kusaenzana nokuparadzana. Sezvo nzanga inotarisana nezvinetso zvakaoma (kutarisana nenjodzi dzoutano hwendangariro, ruramisiro yeIndaneti, uye kuraira ruramisiro yedzinza), kudikanwa kwokushanda zvakanaka, kutsigira kwakakwana, uye mipimo inowirirana hazvisati zvatongova zvekukurumidzira zvikuru.

Kunzwisisa mabasa akasiyana anorondedzerwa muiyi chitarisiko chokuenzanisa inhano yokutanga kukuchinja. Zvingava kupfurikidza nemabasa masimba, ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, mipimo yokurovedza yenyika, kana kuti mhinduro dzakawedzerwa dzisina purogiramu, nguva yemberi yechengeteko yavose ichatsamira pagadziriro inowirirana zvikuru umo mwero mumwe nomumwe unobetsera zvakanakisisa zvawo (//kunokuti mikaha yacho haizadzwi nokusagadzirwa, asi nokugadzirwa.