Table of Contents

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinobatira senheyo yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica, kugovera mabasa anokosha nedzokudzora kunzanga dzose. Kubva pakuchengeta migwagwa nokuvimbisa chengeteko yavose kusvikira kukudzora gadziriro dzemvura nokusimbisa mirau inodzorwa, iyi mitumbi yehurumende inobata anenge mativi ose oupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kunzwisisa kuti hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzakarongeka sei kunokosha nokuda kwavagari, varidzi vebhizimisi, uye munhu upi noupi anotsvaka kuita nomutoo unobudirira nemiitiro yenzanga yavo yokuita chisarudzo.

Zvivako zvesangano zvehurumende dzomunzvimbomo zvinosiana zvikuru muUnited States, zvichiratidzira zvinodikanwa zvakasiyana - siyana zvenzanga dzakasiana - siana nechirongwa chebumbiro remitemo icho chinopa chiremera pamusoro pehurumende yomunzvimbomo. Tenuth Amendment kuBumbiro remitemo rinoita kuti hurumende yomunzvimbomo ive nhau yehurumende panzvimbo pomutemo wehurumende, iyo yakaguma muchimwe chezvivako zvakaoma zvikurusa uye zvakasiana - siana zvomunzvimbomo munyika zvine misiano mikurusa muchimiro nemubato kwete bedzi muhurumende, asi mukati mehurumendewo.

Zvikamu Zvishanu Zvinokosha zveHurumende Yomunzvimbomo

Census Bureau yakagadza marudzi mashanu okuisa mapoka ehurumende pamapoka ehurumende (8) nyika, purovhinzi, mataundini, maruwa chaiwo, uye hurumende dzezvikoro. Rudzi rumwe norumwe runoshanda muzvinangwa zvakasiyana uye runoshanda mukati memiganhu yakati yenzvimbo, ruchiumba gadziriro ine ganhuriro yehurumende iyo inogovera zvose zviri zviviri zvinodikanwa zvenharaunda yakafara neitiro hanya dzenzanga yomunzvimbomo.

Hurumende Dzoruwa

Matura anomirira nhivi dzokutanga dzehurumende yomunzvimbomo munyika zhinjisa uye anobatira sezvikamu zviduku zvokudzora zvehurumende. Hurumende imwe neimwe yakatanga nzvimbo dzapasi dzinonzi "nyika." muLouisiana, dzinonzi "chikamu," uye muAlaska dzinonzi i "Booti". Iyi miganhu yenzvimbo yakaumbwa pakuvamba sezvokudzora zvehurumende kuti igovere kutungamirira kukuru nokuitwa kwemitemo nemirairo zvehurumende.

Munhau dzakaitika, nhamba dzakakura sevamiriri vehurumende yehurumende.Vakaita mabasa makuru akati, akadai sokuchengetwa kwomutemo (ruwa), ruramisiro (imba yedare reruwa), uye kugadziridzwa kwemugwagwa wevagari vomumaruwa vaifukidza nzvimbo hurusa. Sezvo zviverengero zvavagari vemo zvakakura uye basa richida kuwedzera, nyika zhinjisa dzakapa chiremera chikuru kusvitsa zvinodikanwa izvozvo.

Hurumende dzeruwa dzinoshanda mugadziriro dzesangano dzakasiyana- siyana. MaCount anoshanda mugadziriro dzakasiyana- siyana kubatanidza Commission, Administrator Council-Bhunga Rinotungamirirwa neDare, uye Tchata. Gadziriro yeKomishoni yegamuchidzanwa inoramba iri gadziriro yavose zvikurusa, umo vamiriri vakasarudzwa vanoita mudzorerwe wemitemo negadziriro yehurumende. Dare reAdministrate ndemo umo dare rinogadza mutarisiri mukuru mukuru kuti aite mabasa okuita chirongwa chesimba, kufanana zvikuru neboka resangano revatungamiriri vehurumende neCEO mukambani yavose.

Hurumende Dzehurumende

Hurumende dzeMasipala (kana kuti dzakazivikanwa nomutemo wenyika) zvikurukuru nemhaka yokuti vagari vomunzanga vaida kuva nehurumende yeguta yaigona kugovera mabasa akawanda, akadai semigwagwa, magetsi omumugwagwa, uye mvura nemapaipi etsvina.

Musiyano uri pakati pemaruwa nemasonesita unokosha. Maguta akabatanidzwa (nyika dzisati), maguta anofukidza nharaunda duku, maguta (nzvimbo huru, kazhinji kazhinji yokumaruwa), uye maguta anopa mabasa akawanda (mashoma bedzi). Musiyano mukuru uyu mukuumbwa uye muzvimiro zvechinangwa zvehurumende imwe neimwe zvinorongwa uye zvinoshanda sei.

Zvikepe

Mataundi makuru avagari vemo kana kuti mataundi anoshandiswa semapoka maduku eruwa munyika 20, zvikurukuru muNorthern East neMidwest. Zvikepe zvinoshanda nenzira yakasiana zvichitsamira pahurumende. Zvikurukuru, mataundi muNew England ane simba guru zvikuru kupfuura mataundi makuru mazhinjisa kune dzimwe nzvimbo uye kazhinji kazhinji anoshanda zviri pamutemo saakaenzana namaguta, zvikurukuru kushandisa ruwara rwakazara rwamasimba anokamurwa pakati pematura, mataundi makuru, uye maguta mune dzimwe nyika.

Maruwa Chaiwo

Maruwa chaiwo anomirira rudzi rwehurumende chaiyo yakagadzirirwa kutarisira zvinodikanwa zvebasa zvakati. Maruwa chaiwo haazivikanwi, asi anowanzova nzira bedzi yokugovera nayo basa riri madikanwa. Somuenzaniso, ruwa rwokudzima moto rungatangwa kuti rubatire zvinodikanwa zvavagari vemo mune imwe nharaunda yomuruwa rwemaruwa.

Ruwa runokosha runowanzova nesimba rokutera. Runodzorwa nedare rinodzora, iro ringasarudzwa kana kuti kugadzwa. Maruwa aya anogona kupa mabasa anobva padziviriro yomoto navanotarisira mvura kusvikira kumaraibhurari namapaki, achizadza nzvimbo umo hurumende dzemadonzowo zvawo dzingasabatira zvakakwana zvinodikanwa zvenzanga.

Maruwa Echikoro

Maruwa ezvikoro anoumba chikamu chechishanu chehurumende yomunzvimbomo, inonyanya kusimbisa dzidzo yavose.

Zvimiro Nezvivako zveHurumende yeMasipadhi - gadhi

Tragina yacho ino udzamewo chimiro chehurumende yemanisiparati, iyo mune zvimiro zvishanu zvenhau: dare-manager, meya-council, komishi, musangano wetaundi nemusangano wetaundi unomirira. Chimiro chimwe nechimwe chinoparadzira simba nemitoro zvakasiyana pakati pavakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa navatarisiri vebasa.

Hurumende Yemutarisiri Wemapepanhau

Chimiro chedare raMamanija chazova chakakurumbira zvikuru, zvikurukuru mumaguta apakati papakati. Ichi chimiro chakakurumbira zvikurusa chehurumende. Maererano nenzvero dzakaitwa neInternational City/Coverty Management Association (ICMA), rudzi urwu rwehurumende rwakura kubva pa 48% yakashandiswa muna 1996 kusvikira ku 55% yakashandiswa muna 2006. Ichakakurumbira zvikurusa mumaguta ane vanhu vanopfuura 10 000, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzeSoutheast nePacific mhenderekedzo yegungwa.

Muichi chivako, dare reguta rinobatira sedare remitemo, richigadza mitemo nemirairo inopfuura. Ipapo dare rinogadza maneja weguta ane unyanzvi anobata mabasa okutarisira zuva nezuva. Uku kuparadzana kwokuita mirau pavavariro dzokuunza unyanzvi kudzoro yemanisiparati apo rinoramba kuzvidavirira kwehurumende kupfurikidza navakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa.

Maneja weguta anowanzova nechiremera chikuru chokutarisira, kubatanidza kupinza basa uye kutarisira misoro yemadhipatimendi, achigadzirira mari yokushandisa nokuda kwetendero yedare, uye kushandisa mitemo yakagadzwa nedare. Meya mugadziriro yedare ramaneja kazhinji kazhinji anobatira basa guru remutambo, achitungamirira pamisangano yedare asi asina chiremera chokuzvimirira.

Hurumende yeMayor-Council

Meya-council igadziriro yehurumende yomunzvimbomo umo meya anosarudzwa zvakananga navanovhota anoshanda samukuru mukuru, nepo dare reguta rakasarudzwa rakaparadzana rinoumba mutumbi wemitemo wemitemo. Ikoku kuumba kuparadzaniswa kwamasimba anowanwa muhurumende yehurumende nehurumende, namapazu ehurumende akasiana - siana nemitemo.

Chimiro chemeya chekouncil chinokamuranisa kuva marudzi makuru maviri akavakirwa pakuparadzirwa kwesimba.

Gadziriro yeMayaor yakasimba

Mugadziriro chaiyo yemakambai akasimba, meya akasarudzwa anopiwa chiremera chose chose chokutarisira nesimba rokugadza nokudzinga misoro yemadhipatimendi, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe mirau yeguta kana kuti mutemo wehurumende wakapararira ungada kudzorwa kwedare. Mugadziriro yakadaro, vashandi vanotarisira vameya kazhinji kazhinji vanogadzirira bhajeti yeguta, kunyange zvazvo bhajeti iyoyo ichifanira kutenderwa nedare.

Meya angavawo namaruramiro okuita mavhoti edare, dare richikwanisa kukurira kuzviisa pasi kwakadaro. uku kuiswa kwesimba ravakuru vakuru kunobvumira utungamiriri hunokosha nokuzvidavirira kwakajeka, sezvo vagari vemo vanoziva kuti ndiani ane mutoro wezvisarudzo zvokudzora nokupiwa kwebasa.

Maguta makurusa mazhinjisa eNorth America anoshandisa chimiro chakasimba chegadziriro yemeya nejenary. Maguta makuru kazhinji kazhinji anosarudza ichi chivako nemhaka yokuti chinogovera utungamiriri hukuru hwakasimba hunodikanwa kupedza zvinetso zveguta zvakaoma uye kutsinhiranisa madhipatimendi akawanda namabasa.

Gadziriro yeMaya yeCouncil isina simba

Nenzira yakapesana, mugadziriro yemanyepo isina simba, meya haana chiremera chapamutemo kunze kwedare, achibatira basa guru retsika sachigaro wedare uye anosarudzwa navagari veguta. Meya haagoni kugadza kana kuti kubvisa zvakananga vakuru vakuru uye asina simba pamusoro pevhoti dzedare.

Mugadziriro dzameya dzakaneta, dare reguta rinoramba riine masimba makurusa anodzora mukuwedzera kumabasa aro omutemo. Nzvimbo yameya zvikurukuru yakanga iri yomutambo uye yokufananidzira, nepo madare, pane rumwe rutivi, aishandisa simba remitemo rakati rezvemari nerehurumende. Ichi chimiro chakanga chakakurumbira munhau mumaguta apakuvamba eAmerica asi chakaderera mukushandiswa sezvo nzanga dzaitsvaka utungamiriri hwapamusoro hwakawanda.

Mashandiro Etsandanyama

Manisitiri mazhinji akagamuchira mitoo yakavhengana yezvimiro zvehurumende zvakasiyana- siyana. Maguta mazhinji emeya ane ruzivo akahaya vatarisiri veguta, vakuru vakuru vehurumende, kana kuti nzvimbo dzakafanana dzinonzi dzinoshanda pasi pameya. Mutarisiri weguta kazhinji kazhinji inzvimbo yenguva yakazara ine mutoro wemabasa okutarisira akawanda nemitemo inowirirana segadziriro yemari, kutarisirwa kwavashandi, uye kutarisirwa kwedhipatimendi.

Nzvero dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi dzegadziriro yehurumende dzinoratidzira kuti izvi zvimiro zvehurumende hazvina kusiana zvikuru izvo zvazvaimbova. Ikoku kunoparirwa, murutivi, nomuitiro unozivikanwa navose wokubatanidza mativi ezvivako kubva muzvimiro kuva chimiro chazvino. Uku kuchinja kunobvumira nzanga kugadziridza zvimiro zvadzo zvehurumende nezvinodikanwa zvomunzvimbomo.

Hurumende Yebasa

Chimiro chehurumende, yaichimbova yakakurumbira pakuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi 20, chazova chechienzi. Chimiro chekondirakiti hachiwanzowaniki. Nhasi, zvikamu zviviri kusvikira kunhatu muzana bedzi zvamaguta munyika yose zvinoshandisa ichi chirongwa chehurumende.

Muuyu muenzaniso, vamiririri vakasarudzwa vanobatira vose vari vaviri mapazu emitemo neanotungamirira ehurumende yeguta. Mumiririri mumwe nomumwe ane mutoro wedhipatimendi chairo, zvakadai sechengeteko yavose kana kuti basa ravose, uye anoita zvisarudzo pamwe chete. Ichi chivako chinobvisa kupesana pakati pokuita mutemo nokutarisira, navose vari vaviri vanamabhishopi vanogadza muitiro uye vanotarisira madhipatimendi avo akasiana - siana.

Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvichibvumira kuzvidavirira kwakananga, dzimwe nguva zvinogona kutungamirira kukuita zvisarudzo zvakakamuraniswa. Kushaikwa kwomutungamiriri mumwe chete anogona kuguma nezvinetso zvokubatana uye kunetseka kugadza zvinhu zvinokosha zvakarongeka mumadhipatimendi ose.

Hurumende Inosangana Neguta

Kunyange zvazvo chimiro chokusangana chetaundi chehurumende chinowanzorangarirwa sechimiro chakachena zvikurusa chehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, nemhaka yokuti chinobvumira vavhoti vose vakakodzera inzwi muzvisarudzo zvomunzvimbomo, chinoshandiswa muinenge 5% bedzi yavagari vemo. Ichi chimiro chinowanwa zvikurukuru munzanga duku dzeNew England umo hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu inoramba ichibvira.

Mugadziriro yemisangano yetaundi, vavhoti vakakodzera vanoungana panhambo nenhambo kuti vakurukure uye vavhote zvakananga pamiitiro yomunzvimbomo, bhajeti, uye mitemo. Pakati pemisangano, vakasarudzwa kana kuti boka ravakasarudzwa rinoshandisa zvisarudzo zvinoitwa pamisangano yetaundi uye vanobata nhau dzenguva dzose dzehurumende.

Musangano Weguta Rinomiririra

Musangano wetaundi rinomirira unobatanidza musangano wetaundi wamagamuchidzanwa kupfurikidza nokuita kuti vamiriri vakasarudzwa vanopinda misangano yetaundi uye vhoti nokuda kwavo. Voter vanosarudza chiverengero chikuru chavagari vemo kuti vavamiririre pamisangano yetaundi, umo bedzi vanogona kuvhota. Ichi chimiro chehurumende chinowanwa muinopfuura 1% yamaguta, inodokuva muduku bedzi, mamitamita eNew England.

Bazi Rine Mutemo muHurumende Yomunzvimbomo

Bazu remitemo rinoumba musimboti wokuitwa kwemitemo yehurumende yomunzvimbomo, pasinei zvapo nechirongwa chaicho chehurumende. Bazu iri rinoumbwa navamiriri vakasarudzwa vanokurukura nhau, kutanga zvokutanga, uye kuita mitemo nemirau zvinodzora nzanga.

Madare Eguta Nemabhodhimendi Oruwa

Pamusoro pechivako chacho pane Mayor, City Council, kana kuti zvose zviri zviviri, zvichitsamira pamienzaniso yokudzora (Mayo-Council v. Council-Mutarisiri). Vane mutoro wokuronga muitiro, bhajeti dzinopfuudza, uye kumirira fariro dzavagari vomunzvimbomo.

Madare emaguta namabhodhi eruwa anowanzosiyana kubva pashanu kusvikira kugumi namashanu mitezo, zvichitsamira paukuru hwezvinodikanwa zvomutemo wehurumende. Mitezo ingasarudzwa yakura, kupfurikidza noruwa kana kuti kamuri, kana kuti kupfurikidza nemubatanidzwa wemitoo yose iri miviri. Pakusarudza kukuru kunoda kuti vadaviri vadzore guta rose, nepo sarudzo dzakavakirwa paruwa dzichikamuranisa chiremera kuva nzvimbo dzapasi, mumwe nomumwe achisarudza mumiriri wayo amene.

Mitoro mikuru yedare remitemo inobatanidza:

  • Kugamuchira mirau nemitemo yomunzvimbomo
  • Mari dzinoshandiswa pagore uye mari huru dzinoshandiswa pakuongorora
  • Kuronga mitero uye mari yemabasa
  • Kugadza mitemo uye zvinhu zvinokosha munzanga
  • Kunyanyoona kuitwa kwavakuru vakuru namadhipatimendi
  • Marongerwo ebhizimisi okutasva nokutenga kukuru
  • Kupa hurukuro dzavose panyaya dzinokosha
  • Kumirira fariro neitiro hanya

Gadziriro Yomutemo

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinogadza mitemo kupfurikidza nomuitiro wemitemo unobatanidza mutemo unokarakadzwa unokurukurwa mukati memisangano yavose, hwirudzuro yedare, uye ipapo kuvhota pamatanho aya akakarakadzwa — apo bedzi inoomerera kumitemo yehurumende nehurumende. Kana yatenderwa, mutemo wacho unofanira kusainwa naMayor kana kuti mutungamiriri mukuru, zvichitsamira pagadziriro yehurumende.

Muitiro wemitemo unotanga apo mutezo wedare, meya, kana kuti mugari wemo unokarakadza mutemo mutsva. Chikarakadzo chinobva chanonongedzerwa kudare rakakodzera nokuda kwehwirudzuro yavose. Pashure perangariro yedare, mwero unodzokera kudare rakazara nokuda kwekurukurirano nevhoti. Mitemo mizhinji inoda kuverengwa kwakawanda uye kutongwa kwavose pamberi pokugamuchirwa kwokupedzisira, kuvimbisa kuti kujeka uye mukana wokutora rutivi kwapachena.

Matare Nematare

Masangano mazhinjisa emitemo yomunzvimbomo anozvironga amene kuva matare anonangidzira ngwariro panzvimbo dzakati dzemiitiro dzakadai semari, chengeteko yavose, mabasa avose, kana kuti gadziriro nokuronga. aya matare anoitisa hwirudzuro dzine udzame dzomutemo unokarakadzwa, kuchengeta dare, uye kuita rumbidzo kudare rakazara kana kuti dare.

Kuwedzera kumatare emunyika yacho, hurumende dzinowanzotanga madare okuongorora uye masangano akagadzwa evagari vemo anobatsira vanhu kuti vazive nyaya dzavo uye kuti vagarisane navo.

Bazi Rine Vatungamiriri Muhurumende Yomunzvimbomo

Kurongwa uye chiremera zvebazi guru zvinosiyana - siyana zvichienderana nehurumende.

Mayor

Basa namasimba zvameya zvinosiana zvikuru muzvimiro zvehurumende. "vakasimba" zvikurusa vari muchimiro chehurumende yameya-council, uye vanosarudzwa zvakananga navagari vemo kunzvimbo iyoyo. Mameya mazhinjisa ausina simba ndimeya muchimiro chedare redare, uye anosarudzwa mukati medare reguta.

Mugadziriro dzakasimba dzemeya, meya anobatira somukuru mukuru mukuru weguta, ane chiremera chikuru chokutarisira.Mitoro inobatanidza zvikurukuru kugadza nokubvisa vakuru vemadhipatimendi, kugadzirira bhajeti yegore negore, kutarisira mabasa eguta, uye kumirira guta muukama hwehurumende. Mameya makuru kazhinji kazhinji anochengeta mahofisi enguva yakazara navashandi vezvounyanzvi kuti atsigire mabasa avo okutarisira.

Mugadziriro dzisina kusimba dzemamongi kana kuti dzedare, basa remeya zvikurukuru nderetsika uye rokufananidzira. ava vanameya vanotungamirira chaizvoizvo pamisangano yedare, vanomirira guta pamabasa ehurumende, uye vanobatira sechiso chapachena chehurumende yomunzvimbomo, asi havana chiremera chokudzora chakazvimirira.

Vatarisiri Vamaguta Navatungamiriri

Mamaneja eguta anobatira savakuru vakuru vehurumende dzedare namaneja uye mune mamwe masangano emeya necouncil ayo akagamuchira zvivako zvemhute. Mamaneja eguta anogadzwa nedare reguta rakavakirwa pazvikwaniriso zvavo zvebasa uye ruzivo muminisiparati.

Mabasa emaneja weguta anobatanidza mabasa ose okutarisira, anosanganisira:

  • Kuhwanda, kutarisira, uye kuongorora misoro yedhipatimendi
  • Kugadzirira bhajeti yegore negore nokuda kwokurangarirwa kwedare
  • Kushandisa mitemo nemirau zvakagamuchirwa nedare
  • Mibato yokubatanidza madhipatimendi ose eguta
  • Kupa dare mazano enyanzvi panyaya dzemitemo
  • Kutarisira ukama hwevashandi uye kuunganidza mari
  • Kunyanyoona kuvandudzika kwezvirongwa zvedzimbahwe
  • Kutarisira kuti basa riitwe zvakanaka uye zvinobudirira

Mamaneja emaguta anoshanda achifara nedare racho uye anogona kubviswa nevhoti yedare, achivimbisa kuzvidavirira kuvakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa uku vachigovera unyanzvi hwokutarisira menisiparati.

Zviremera Zveruwa Navatungamiriri

Hurumende dzeruwa dzinoshandisa zvivako zvechiremera zvakafanana, navakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa mudzimwe zviremera uye vadzori veruwa vakagadzwa mune dzimwe. Council-Edected Gueduction imo vavhoti vanosarudza vose vari vaviri dare navakuru vakuru. Ichi chivako chinogovera vatungamiriri vakuru vakuru vakasimba vakafanana nechimiro chakasimba chemeya mumaguta.

Mahofisi Okutarisira Nokurerwa Kwebasa

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinoronga mabasa adzo okutarisira mumadhipatimendi ayo anobata nzvimbo dzebasa dzakati nemitoro. Basa guru rimwe nerimwe remanisiparati, rakadai sePublic Works, Parks neNhandaro, Mari, kana kuti Safety yavose, rinowanzotungamirirwa neBato reDhipatimendi Guru. Ava vatungamiriri vanoshuma kuMutarisiri weGuta kana kuti CAO uye vanozvidavirira nokuda kwokushanda kwedhipatimendi ravo nokupiwa kwebasa.

Mahofisi Ezvikwata

Nepo sangano chairo richisiyana nokudzora, hurumende dzakawanda dzinobatanidza madhipatimendi makuru anotevera:

Kuchengeteka Kwevanhu Vose

Madhipatimendi ezvokudzivirira njodzi anobatanidza mapurisa, moto, uye zvokurapa zvinodzivirira vagari vemo nezvinhu, kuita chimwe chinhu kana zvinhu zvakurumidzirwa, kudzikamisa mitemo, uye kugovera dzidzo yokudzivirira utsotsi nekotsekano yomoto. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, mapurisa nedzinodzima moto zvinoshanda semadhipatimendi akaparadzana, nepo mamwe achivabatanidza mubato rokudzivirira ruzhinji rakabatana.

Mabasa Avose

Madhipatimendi emabasa avose anoita kuti nzanga irambe ichishanda zvakanaka, kusanganisira migwagwa, nzira dzomumugwagwa, mvura netsvina, kubviswa kwemvura mudutu, uye zvivako zvinoshandiswa nevanhu vose.

Kuronga Nokufambira Mberi

Purogiramu inoronga kukura kwenzanga uye kufambira mberi nokuronga, kuronga nzvimbo, uye kuongorora kufambira mberi.

Aya madhipatimendi anohwirudzura zvikarakadzo zvekuvandudza, kumanikidza mirau yokuronga nzvimbo, kuitisa fundo dzegadziriro refu dzokuronga, uye kushanda namasangano okuronga kuumba nguva yemberi yenzanga. Kuvaka mabasa okuronga nokuchengeta mitemo kunowanzoderera mukuronga uye madhipatimendi okuvandudza, kuvimbisa kuti kuvaka kunosvitsa mipimo yekotsekano nezvinodikanwa zvokuronga.

Mari

Madhipatimendi emari anotarisira mabasa emari ehurumende yomunzvimbomo, kubatanidza kugadzirira mari, kuronga mari, kubhadhara, kubhadhara mari, kuunganidza mari, uye kushuma kwemari.

Mutungamiriri wemari kana kuti muchengeti wemari anoshanda chaizvoizvo somukuru wezvemari, achishanda pedyo zvikuru nameya kana kuti maneja weguta uye mutumbi wemitemo pakubudirira kwemari nemitemo yemari.

Manyuko Avanhu

Madhipatimendi ezviwanikwa zvavanhu anobata urongwa hwevashandi, kubatanidza kunyoresa, betsero dzevashandi, ukama hwavashandi, rovedzo nokubudirira, uye kuwirirana nemitemo yebasa.

Mapaki Nenhandaro

Mapaki nemadhipatimendi evaraidzo anotarisira mapaki, nzvimbo dzevaraidzo, uye nzvimbo dzakazaruka apo anogovera mapurogiramu nemabasa nokuda kwevagari vemazera ose.

Masangano Enzanga

Hurumende dzakawanda dzomunzvimbomo dzinochengeta madhipatimendi akananga pamabasa omunzanga akadai seraibhurari, mabasa enzanga, yamuro yedzimba, kusimukira kwemari, uye kurongeka kwenzanga.

Mitambo yekutsigira

Kuwedzera kumadhipatimendi okutakura zvinhu, hurumende dzinochengeta mabasa anobatsira:

  • Misha yeLegal Service:[ Magweta enyika anopa zano repamutemo, anomirira hurumende murusando, mirau yezvokunyora uye zvibvumirano, uye anovimbisa kuteererwa kwapamutemo
  • Ruzivo rwemashoko:[ Madhipatimendi aIT anochengeta gadziriro dzemakombiyuta, mibatanidzwa, uye michina inotsigira mabasa ose ehurumende
  • Kunyoresa:[ mahofisi amashoko avose anodzora ukama hwezvinobudisa nhau, kurukurirano dzavose, uye kuvimbisana munzanga
  • Office: Vanyori vaMasipanabhari vanochengeta zvinyorwa zvapamutemo, vanotarisira sarudzo, zvinyorwa zvavose, uye vanotsigira mutumbi wewirogiogratimendi

Kutungamirira Kwesangano uye Kushuma Ukama

Chirongwa chehurumende chesangano rehurumende chinoratidzira kuti hurumende yomunzvimbomo yakarongwa sei — ndiani anoita icho, uyo anoshuma kwaari, uye kuti madhipatimendi namabasa zvinobatira pamwe chete sei. Pakati pazvo, inoratidzira chiremera, mutoro, uye mitsetse inoshuma.

Muhurumende dzedare, dare resangano rinoyerera richibva padare reguta richienda kumaneja weguta, ipapo kuvakuru veguta, uye pakupedzisira kuvakuru vemasangano navashandi vomumutsetse. Meya anogara pamwero mumwe cheteyo semimwe mitezo yedare mukuwirirana nechiremera, kunyange zvazvo achibatira somukuru mukuru mukuru anotungamirira.

Mugadziriro dzakasimba dzemeya dzecouncil, meya anogara pamusoro pedare rehurumende, nemisoro yedhipatimendi ichishuma zvakananga kuna meya kana kuti kupfurikidza namukuru mukuru wehurumende. Dare reguta rinoshanda sebazu rakaparadzana, richiita mabasa okutonga nokutarisira asi risingatungamiriri hofisi pamadhipatimendi.

Kushuma zvakajeka ukama uye zvivako zvesangano kunobatsira munzira dzakawanda:

  • Kuzvidavirira nokuda kwokuita nemiuyo
  • Kukurukurirana zvakanaka uye kushanda zvakanaka kwepfungwa
  • Mitsetse yakajeka yechiremera chokuita zvisarudzo
  • Nzvimbo yezvipiso zvinobudirira nokutarisira
  • Kujeka kwevagari vemo nevari padanda

Basa Remabhuku Anonyorwa naMuchimbi

Bumbiro remitemo rinorondedzera sangano, masimba, mabasa, uye miitiro inokosha yehurumende yeguta.

Maguta angashanda mumutemo wavose, kureva kuti anotevera gadziriro dzinotevedzerwa dzakatangwa nomutemo wehurumende, kana kuti pasi pomutemo wemusha unogovera udzori hukurusa hwomunzvimbomo. Zvichitsamira pahurumende, hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzingashanda pasi pemitemo yadzo dzimene, mumutemo wavose, kana kuti hurumende ingava nemuvhenganiswa wehurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinotsigirwa nedzinosarudzwa.

Mabumbiro emitemo apamusha anobvumira nzanga kuronga zvivako zvadzo zvehurumende, masimba, uye miitiro kusvitsa zvinodikanwa zvomunzvimbomo nezvinodikanwa. Gadziriro dzechirongwa dzinowanzova kero:

  • Marudzi ehurumende nokuparadzirwa kwemasimba
  • Kugadzwa uye kusarudzwa kwedare remitemo
  • Simba uye mabasa emeya kana kuti mukuru mukuru wevakuru vakuru
  • Sangano revashandi uye chirongwa chedhipatimendi
  • Mashandisiro anoitwa mari
  • Basa rehurumende negadziriro dzavashandi
  • Kutanga, assenderum, uye kuyeuka gadziriro
  • Miitiro yeTsamba yokugadziridza

Kugadziridzwa kwezvibvumirano kunoda chaizvoizvo muvhoti kutenderwa, kuva nechokwadi chokuti chinjo huru kugadziriro yehurumende yomunzvimbomo inoratidzira zvisarudzo zvenzanga.

Chiremera Chehurumende Pahurumende Dzomunzvimbomo

Kusafanana neukama hwehurumende yehurumende iripo pakati pehurumende yeU.S. nenyika (mune simba rinogoveranwa), hurumende dzemanisiparati hadzina simba rinopfuura radzinopiwa nehurumende dzadzo. Iyi nheyo, inozivikanwa seKutonga kwaDillon, inosimbisa kuti hurumende dzomunzvimbomo zvisikwa zvehurumende zvine masimba iwayo bedzi akapiwa zvakajeka nebumbiro remitemo kana kuti mutemo.

Nyika dzinochengeta mwero wakakwirira wechiremera uye dzinoraira kusangana nemwero yakaiswa muganhu webasa uye kuendesa mabasa ehurumende nepurogiramu mukati memiganhu yadzo.

Uhu ukama hwenzvimbo yazvo hunoreva kuti gadziriro dzehurumende yomunzvimbomo, masimba, uye mabasa zvinosiana zvikuru munyika nehurumende. Izvo guta rinogona kuita mune imwe nyika zvingarambidzwa kana kuti kuda tendero yenyika mune imwe nyika. Kunzwisisa iyi gadziriro yebumbiro remitemo kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anoshanda nehurumende yomunzvimbomo kana kuti anodzidza nayo.

Kushandira Pamwe Kwehurumende Nenzira Dzokukurukura Nenharaunda

Kuoma kunzwisisa nokukamukana kwehurumende yomunzvimbomo kwakatungamirira kuzvimiro zvakasiyana - siyana zvebatira pamwe yehurumende yeUnited States kazhinji kazhinji inoumba "masangano ehurumende dzehurumende dzemo,", "masangano enharaunda dzeMetropolitan", kana kuti“ kuumbwa kwehurumende". Masangano aya anobatira samasangano okuronga enharaunda uye semasangano enhau dzokuitisana nharo dzoukoshi hwenharaunda, asi kazhinji kazhinji haakwanisi kutsigira mitezo yawo.

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinobatira pamwewo kupfurikidza:

  • Zvibvumirano zvehurumende: Mativi pakati pemibatanidzwa yokugoverana mabasa, zvivako, kana kuti pfuma
  • zviremera zveRemett: Zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nehurumende dzakawanda kuti zvigadzirise zvinetso zvinogoveranwa
  • Zvibvumirano zvokuyamura: Gadziriro dzebetsero yekurumidziro pakati pemiganhu yehurumende
  • maruwa ebasa reruwa: Masangano mazhinji emhosva achigovera mabasa chaiwo
  • Mabasa akasimbiswa: Kudzorwa kwamabasa akati kugura miganhu yenyika

Urongwa uhwu hwokushandira pamwe hunobvumira hurumende kuti dziwane mari yakawanda, dzigadzirise nhau dzomunharaunda, uye dziite mabasa nenzira inobudirira dzichichengetedza kuti hurumende dziripo.

Kubatanidzwa Kwomugari Wemo Nokubatanidzwa Pachena

Hurumende yemo inobudirira inoda kuti vagari vemo vabatane uye vavimbisane.

Misangano Yavose Nenzeve

Madare eguta namabhodhi eruwa anoitisa misangano yavose yenguva dzose uko vagari vanogona kucherekedza kurangarira, kugovera muuyo, uye kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vazvidavirire. Miganhu mizhinjisa inogovera nguva yetsinhiro yavose pazvinhu zvakarongwa uye zvinofungwa navanhu vose.

Mabhodhi Akarongwa Nebasa

Masangano evagari vemo akagadzwa anogovera unyanzvi uye maonero enzanga panhau dzakananga.

Zvisarudzo

Sarudzo dzenguva dzose dzevakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo dzinogovera mutoo mukuru wokuzvidavirira wedemocracy. Voters vanosarudza mitezo yedare, meya, uye vamwe vakuru vakuru vachamirira fariro dzavo nezvinokosha. Dzimwe hurumende dzinoshandisawo matanho okushandisa zvirongwa zvokubvumira muvhoti zvakananga kuita chisarudzo panhau dzakananga kupfurikidza nezviito, mapestendim, uye kuyeuka.

Kutanga Kubatanidzwa Munzanga

Hurumende dzemazuva ano dzinowedzera kushandisa nzira dzokuvimbisana dzinosanganisira zvivako zvemataundi, makambani, kuongorora zvinhu paIndaneti, kukurukurirana kwemakombiyuta, uye kuronga mari yokushandisa paIndaneti.

Matambudziko Musangano reHurumende Romunzvimbomo

Hurumende dzemo dzinotarisana nezvinetso zvakawanda zvesangano muzana remakore rechi21:

Mamirire Akaita Zvemakwenzi

Hurumende dzakawanda dzomunzvimbomo dzinoshanda mudzvinyiriro huru yemari, namanyuko emari yapamari yakaganhurirwa uye kudikanwa kwebasa kunowedzera. Mitero yehurumende nokuganhurirwa kwemari, yamuro yehurumende inoderera, uye mibato yezvemari inowanika nokuda kwemibato negadziriro. Iyi denho dzemari dzinomanikidza zvisarudzo zvakaoma pamusoro pemwero yebasa, vashandi, uye mari yemari.

Kukwegura

Nhengo dzenzvimbo dzakawanda dzeAmerica dzomunzvimbomo — migwagwa, mabhiriji, michina yemvura, gadziriro dzetsvina nerokugadzira kana kuti kutsiva. Ndyiko dzokutaura pamusoro pemipimo inononotsa kugadziridzwa nokuvandudzwa kwemipimo yazvino uno kuti isvitse bhajeti remari dzomunzvimbomo uye inoda kuronga kwenhambo refu negadziriro dzemari.

Kuchinja Unyanzvi Hwekunyora Zvinhu

Kuchinja kwechiverengero chavagari vemo, kubatanidza vakwegura, mhatsa dzinowedzera, uye kugadzirwa kwedzimba, kunoda kuti hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzigadziridze mabasa namazano okuvimbisana. Kunzwisisa nokuita kunzanga yakasiana - siana kunodenha kutakura mabasa kwegamuchidzanwa.

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nokuzvivandudza

Kuchinja kuri kuita zvinhu zvemazuva ano kunokonzera mikana uye matambudziko kuhurumende.

Kuoma Kunzwisisana Kwehurumende

Hurumende dzemo dzinofanira kushandisa ukama hwakaoma nehurumende dzehurumende nedzehurumende, dzichiita maererano nezvinodiwa, dzinochengeta mari, uye dzinoronga mitemo muhurumende dzakawanda.

Kuvimba Noruzhinji uye Kupindira

Kusarudza vanhu vaunoda uye kusava nechokwadi chokuti hurumende ichabudirira kunoda kuti vakuru vakuru veko vashande nesimba kuti varatidze kukosha, kuoneka, uye kufarira.

Miitiro Yakanakisisa Musangano reHurumende Romunzvimbomo

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinobudirira dzinogoverana mavara nemitoo inoverengeka yesangano:

Basa Rakajeka uye Nhungamiro Yakajeka

Hurumende dzinobudirira dzinotanga mabasa, zviono, uye zvinhu zvinokosha zvinotungamirira pakuronga zvinhu uye kuronga zvinhu.

Kutarisira Vanamazvikokota

Kungava kupfurikidza namaneja eguta, vakuru vakuru vemadhipatimendi, kana kuti vakuru vemadhipatimendi vakasanorovedzwa, hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinobudirira dzinoshandisa miitiro yokutarisira younyanzvi. Ikoku kunobatanidza kuita zvisarudzo kwakavakirwa paufakazi, kuyera kushanda, kuvandudzika kunopfuurira, uye kuomerera kumipimo yenyanzvi netsika.

Mibato ine mifananidzo

Miitiro yakanakisisa inosanganisira misangano yavose, zvinyorwa zvevanhu vose zvinosvikika, kushuma zvakajeka mune zvemari, mabhodhi okufambisa zvinhu, uye kukurukurirana kusingadzoreki pamusoro pemabasa ehurumende nezvisarudzo.

Kudzora Kune Unyanzvi

Hurumende dzinobudirira dzinokurudzira kushanda pamwe chete kwevakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa, vashandi, uye vanhu vanoisa mari munzanga.

Kugadziridzwa Nokugadziridzwa

Hurumende dzemo dzakanakisisa dzinoramba dzichichinja, dzichida kuongorora uye kuvandudza zvivako zvadzo, maitiro adzo, uye mabasa adzinoita.

Kubikira Muvanhu

Kubudirira kwehurumende kunotsamira pavashandi vane unyanzvi, vane shungu.

Kuchinja Nokuchinja Hurumende Yomunzvimbomo

Pazvinenge zvichichinja zvinhu, kana kuti zvichichinja, zvikonzero zvinozivikanwa zvikuru zvokuchinja zvinhu zvinosanganisira kuwedzera kana kuderedza nhamba yenhengo dzedare, kuchinja nzira yokusarudza meya, uye kuchinja simba remeya.

Kuchinja zvinhu kungasanganisira:

  • Kuchinja kubva parudzi rumwe rwehurumende kuenda kune rumwe (mutoo, meya-council kudare ravakuru)
  • Kugamuchira kana kuti kudzorera mitemo yapamusha
  • Kugadziridza ukuru kana kuti mutoo wokusarudza nokuda kwomutumbi wemitemo
  • Kugadziridza masimba nemabasa emeya kana kuti mukuru mukuru wevakuru vakuru
  • Kurongazve madhipatimendi okutarisira
  • Kugadzira kana kubvisa mahofisi akati kana kuti zvinzvimbo

Kuchinja zvinhu kunoratidza kunyatsoongorora zvinodiwa nenzanga, kudzidza nezvemiitiro yakanaka, uye kuvimbisana kwevanoda kubatanidzwa.

Nguva Yemberi Yesangano reHurumende Yomunzvimbomo

Sangano rehurumende romunzvimbomo rinopfuurira kushanduka - shanduka mumhinduro kumigariro inochinja nekariro.

Kuchinja kwezvidhina

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu ruri kuchinja mashandisiro anoita hurumende dzomunzvimbomo uye mashandiro adzo nevagari vemo. Kutumirwa kwemichina yeInternet, kutumirwa kwemichina inofambisa mashoko, kubvumirwa nemagetsi, uye misangano yavose zvinowedzera kuwanika uye kugadziridzwa. Kugadzirwa kwemichina yemakombiyuta kuri kupa michina mitsva inoita kuti pave nezvirongwa uye kuti basa riitwe zvakanaka.

Kuchengetedza uye Kurarama

Kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, uye matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza zvinoda kuti hurumende dzikwanise kuchengetedza uye kugadzirisa zvinhu kuti zvivepo sesangano uye kushanda kwaro.

Kuenzana uye Kubatana

Kuwedzera kungwarirwa kwekukwana uye kubatanidzwa kuri kupesvedzera sangano rehurumende romunzvimbomo.

Kubatana Kwomunharaunda

Sezvo zvinetso zvinowedzera kupfuura miganhu yehurumende, nzira dzenharaunda dzokudzora nokuendesa basa dziri kuwedzera.

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nekutsigirana

Maturusi matsva nezvikuva zvokuvimbisana zvehurumende zviri kuchinja mashandisiro anoita vagari vemo nehurumende yomunzvimbomo.

Zviwanikwa Zvokunzwisisa Hurumende Yomunzvimbomo

Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinobatsira vagari vemo, vadzidzi, uye vanamazvikokota kunzwisisa sangano rehurumende romunyika iyoyo:

  • National League of Maguta:[ Inogovera nzvero, pfuma, uye rovedzo pahurumende yemanisiparati pa httpts //wwww.lc.org[
  • International City/Commory Management Association:[ Inogovera kusimudzirwa kwenyanzvi nemiitiro yakanakisisa nokuda kwavatarisiri vehurumende vomunzvimbomo pa http:///cma.org
  • U.S. Censureal Bureau: budisa mashoko akazara pasangano rehurumende nemari pa https [/www.census.gov/tops/public-kapoka/bumbiro rehurumende.html
  • Masangano eruwa emisitiri: Chigovera mashoko ehurumende akananga netsigiro nokuda kwehurumende dzomunzvimbomo
  • Mawebsite ehurumende enzvimbo yapano: Ipa machati esangano, machato, uye mashoko pamusoro pemitemo yakati

mhedziso

Kunzwisisa sangano rehurumende romunzvimbomo kunokosha nokuda kwokutora rutivi kunobudirira uye kuvimbisana kwenzanga.

Zvingave zvakarongwa senhamba, manisita, mataundishi, kana kuti maruwa chaiwo, uye kana zvichishanda pasi pomutungamiriri wedare, dare, kosi, kana kuti zvimiro zvemusangano wetaundi, hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinogoverana donzo rimwe chetero rokubatira nzanga dzadzo nokukurukura zvinodikanwa zvomunzvimbomo. Nhau dzakati dzesangano dzinopa zvinhu zvishoma kupfuura kana dzichigovera zviremera zvinobudirira, zvinozvidavirira, uye zvinodavirira.

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinobudirira zvikurusa dzichava idzo dzinochengeta gadziriro dzakajeka dzesangano, dzinoshandisa miitiro yokutarisira younyanzvi, dzinoita kuti vagari vemo vagova nedonzo, uye dzinoramba dzakapfava zvakakwana kuchinjira kumigariro inochinja.

Kuvanhu vanogara munyika yacho, kunzwisisa kuti hurumende yakarongwa sei kunobatsira kuti pave nemamiriro ezvinhu anobudirira.Kuziva anoita zvisarudzo, mashandiro anoita mitemo, uye kuti pfungwa dzinoshandiswa kutungamirira zvinhu zvinonetsa kana kuti pfungwa kunogonesa vakuru vakuru nevashandi kuti vabatane zvine chinangwa muhurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu.

Nokunzwisisa kuti hurumende idzi dzakarongwa sei uye dzinoshanda sei, tose tinogona kubatsira kuti pave nokutonga kwakasimba, kunobudirira zvikuru, uye kudzora kwomunzvimbomo.