Chikonzero Nei Kupa Zvigaro Zvedare

Apo mumwe munhu anopomerwa mhaka, kana kuti anoda kupedza gakava, mubvunzo wokutanga unowanzova: idare ripi rinonzwa nhau yacho? mhinduro inotsamira pakuti nhau yacho inobatanidza mutemo womubatanidzwa, mutemo wehurumende, kana kuti zvose zviri zviviri. Kunzwisisa musiyano pakati pematare ehurumende nehurumende hakusi bedzi nokuda kwamagweta [i] inhau nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi angada kuita kuti chibvumirano chive, kudenha murairo, kana kuti kudzivirira murairo.

United States ine matare maviri, kureva kuti zvivako zviviri zvakasiyana uye zvakazvimirira zvinoshanda pamwe chete. Gadziriro imwe neimwe ine udzori hwayo, nzira dzainogona kunzwa, uye marudzi enhau. Nyaya inotsanangura mitoro yematare ehurumende nehurumende mumutauro wakajeka, pfungwa huru apo nyaya dzinogona kupindirana, uye inogovera nhungamiro inoshanda pakufambisa zvinhu zvose zviri zviviri.

Zvivako zveDare Rehurumende

Dare rehurumende rinowana chiremera charo muChikamu III cheBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. rakarongedzerwa kubata nhau dzinobatanidza Bumbiro remitemo, mirau yehurumende, zvibvumirano, uye gakava pakati pehurumende kana kuti pakati pavagari vemo venyika dzakasiana - siana. Sangano yacho inorongwa kuva mwero mikuru mitatu:

Dare Rokutonga: Matare Oruwa eU.S.

Kune maruwa 94 edare rehurumende, rimwe nerimwe rine Dare roRuwa reU.S. Aya matare okutonga umo nhau dzinovamba. Mutongi mumwe anotungamirira nhau zhinjisa, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nhau dzingabatanidza dare rinobetsera vatongi. matare oruwa eFederal anobata nhau dzose dziri mbiri dzehurumende nedzeutsotsi, asi idzo bedzi dzinowira muhurumende inodzorwa nehurumende. Mienzaniso inobatanidza:

  • [ mhosva dzechibharo dzakadai sekuba mubhangi, kutengesa mirimo mumativi enyika, kubiridzira kwapawadhi, uye kupunzika kwokupinda munyika.
  • Mitongo yeCII [ iri kumuka pasi pomutemo wehurumende, kubatanidza kubiridzira kuchengetedzwa kwemitongo, kutaura kwokusavimba, nharo dzekodzero yekodzero yekodzero yemunhu nekodzero yokuita zvinhu, uye kupomera masangano ehurumende.
  • Zviitiko zvekudzora kudzora kwechikamu umo mapati ari vagari venyika dzakasiana uye chitsama mugakava chinopfuura $75 000.

Dare Rokubvunzurudza Rokukwirira Romubatanidzwa: Matare Okukwirira eU.S.

Dare reZvipindu reU.S. rinohwirudzura zvisarudzo zvakabva kumatare oruwa mukati medunhu raro renzvimbo yaro. Hazvina kutora matare matsva kana kuti kunzwa ufakazi hutsva; panzvimbo pezvo, zvikamu zvavatongi vatatu zvinorangarira kana zvikanganiso zvapamutemo zvakaitika mukati mokutonga. Dare reZvikwidzo rinoita basa rinokosha mukuvimbisa kutsanangurwa kwakafanana kwomutemo womubatanidzwa munyika yose.

Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa reUnited States

Dare rapamusoro zvikurusa mugadziriro yehurumende rine vatongi vapfumbamwe vanonzwa zvikumbiro zvinobva kuDare reZvikwiro uye, panhambo nenhambo, kubva kumatare makurusa ehurumende apo mubvunzo webumbiro remitemo unenge uri mungozi. Dare rinosarudza bedzi mhaka 100 -50 pagore kubva pamikumbiro inopfuura 7 000, richinangidzira ngwariro panhau dzoukoshi hwenyika kana kuti apo matare akaderera akasvika zvisarudzo zvinorwisana.

Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pegadziriro yedare rehurumende pautouts.gov.

Kuvakwa Kwematare Ehurumende

Nyika imwe neimwe ye50, kubatanidza nzvimbo dzePunity yeColumbia neU.S., inoshandisa gadziriro yayo imene yedare yakazvimirira. Nepo kune mhatsa, gadziriro zhinjisa dzehurumende dzinotevera chivako chakafanana chetatu:

Matare Okutonga (Kazhinji Anonzi Mukuru, Matunhu, kana kuti Matare Oruwa)

Dare rehurumende ndiro rinoshanda namabhiza edare reAmerica.

  • Nemhaka dzoutsotsi dzeruwa kubva kuzvikanganiso kusvikira kuzvivi zvakakomba zvakadai sokuponda, umbavha, uye kudenha.
  • [ mirau yemhuri [ yakadai sechatanuro, kodzero yokuchengeta mwana, kurera mwana asiri wake, uye masimba masimba omumba.
  • [[[FO:0] Rongai nhau[ kubatanidza zvido, nzvimbo, ngarava dzinochengeta, uye zvawakaronzeswa.
  • [[[FOT:0] Kukakavadzana, kutaura kuvadziko yomunhu oga (matort), kukakavadzana chaikoiko kwezvinhu, uye mhaka dzinobatanidza muridzi wenzvimbo.
  • [[[FOL:0] Juvenil single nenhau dzokuvimba.

Mazita edare anosiana nehurumende: somuenzaniso, New York inodana dare rayo rokutonga kuti Dare Rapamusoro, nepo California richiridana kuti Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa.

Matare Okukwirira Ehurumende

Inenge nyika 40 dzine dare rapakati rinohwirudzura zvisarudzo zvedare rinotonga. Muhurumende dzisina mwero uyu, zvikumbiro zvinoenda zvakananga kudare rapamusoro rehurumende. Vatongi vanonzvera chinyorwa nokuda kwezvikanganiso zvapamutemo asi havasati vachihwirudzurazve ufakazi.

Matare Apamusorosoro Ehurumende

Dare iri rinoita zvikumbiro zvokupedzisira uye rinotsanangura mutemo wenyika.Muhurumende dzakawanda, dare guru rinotarisirawo dare rehurumende uye rinotonga mufambiro wegweta.

[ Zvivako zvedare rehurumende paNational Center for State Courts.

Kupomera: Izvo Dare Rimwe Nerimwe Rinogona Kunzwa

Juris digist ishoko rapamutemo nokuda kwedare ’ simba rokunzwa nhau. matare eFederal imatare e ane miganhu [, nepo matare ehurumende ari matare e [ ehurumende [kudzora kwe . Musiyano uyu unokosha.

Kubvunzurudzwa Kunoitwa Nehurumende

Dare rehurumende rine simba rapakuvamba pamusoro penhau dzinomuka muBumbiro reMitemo reU.S., mitemo yehurumende, kana kuti zvibvumirano. Ikoku kunozivikanwa soudzori hwenhau hwehurumende. Mienzaniso inobatanidza:

  • Zvinotaurwa pasi poMurayiro Wekodzero Dzevanhu (42 U.S.C. 76 1983).
  • Nhau dzebhangi (dzinobatanidza udzori hwehurumende).
  • Kushora uye kugadzira maruramiro anodzivisa kukwirira mhaka.
  • Nhau dzinobatanidza mitemo yemhoteredzo yehurumende yakadai seChiito Chokuchenesa Mvura.

Kusarudza Kwakasiyana - siyana

Kunyange kana mhaka yakavakirwa pamutemo wehurumende, dare reruwa rehurumende rinogona kuinzwa kana mapati ari vagari vemo vedzimwe nyika (mhatsa yakakwana) uye chitsama mugakava chinopfuura $75 000. Uyu mutemo unovimbisa kuti kunze kwerenyika havasati vachibatwa zvisina kufanira mudare rehurumende yomunzvimbomo. Zvisinei, matare ehurumende achashandisa hurumende yakafanira ̱ mutemo wedzero pasi pedzidziso yeErie.

Concurrect Juriction

Dzimwe nhau ndedzehurumende chaidzoidzo, dzakadai sekubhuroka, mutemo wapamutemo, uye nhau dzinorwisana nehurumende yeU.S. pasi peFederal Tort Antiess Act. Nenzira yakafanana, mutemo wemhuri, probate, uye nhau dzoutsotsi dzehurumende ihurumende ihurumende yadzo. Asi nhau zhinji, zvikurukuru idzo dzinobatanidza zvose zviri zviviri kutaura kwehurumende nehurumende, dzinowira pasi pehudzo ye [

Mashandiro Anoita Hurumende Kutonga

Dare rehurumende rine chiremera chikuru chokunzwa mhaka ipi neipi isina kuchengeterwa zvakananga matare ehurumende.Izvozvi zvinobatanidza anodokuva gakava rose rinomuka mukati mehurumende ̱ miganhu. matare ehurumende anodudzira mitemo yehurumende, mirau yehurumende, uye bumbiro remitemo rehurumende.

Misiyano Mikuru Muzvinoitika zveDare

Nepo madare ose ari maviri achitevera zvinhu zvakafanana (muenzaniso, kuteterera, kuwana, kutongwa, kukwirira), pane misiano inokosha:

Mitemo Yezvirevo

Matare eFederal Anoshanda pasi peFederal Mission of Civil Procediture, Federal Rules of Criminal Procedeure, uye Federal Mirairo yeUfakazi. matare eHurumende ane mitemo yawo amene yakaenzana, iyo inosiana zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, dzimwe nyika dzinotevera ̴ kunoteterera ” mupimo wakafanana nematare ehurumende, nepo mamwe achida udzame hukuru ̴ kukumbira.&821;

Miedzo YavaJury

Kodzero yokutonga dare rinobetsera vatongi iri mumiitiro yose iri miviri yenhau dzevagari vemo nedzeutsotsi, asi ukuru hwematare edare uye mucheto wechisarudzo chinodikanwa zvinogona kusiana. Dare rehurumende ramasangano avagari vemo rine mitezo 6 kusvikira ku12 uye rinofanira kubvumirana.

Kukwirira

Mugadziriro yehurumende, zvikumbiro zvinobva kumatare oruwa zvinoenda kuDare reZvikwiro reU.S., ipapo kuDare Rapamusorosoro (necherestiari). Mugadziriro dzehurumende, nzira yacho ingabatanidza dare repakati uye ipapo dare gurusa rehurumende. Kana nhau yehurumende inobatanidzwa, boka ringakumbira Dare Rapamusorosoro reUnited States kuhwirudzura dare rehurumende ’ zvisarudzo.

Apo Nhau Dzinovambirana Pakati Pegadziriro Dzezvinhu

Dzimwe nguva vanoongorora nyaya yacho vanoedza kuibvisa kubva kuhurumende kuenda kudare rehurumende, kana kuti kuiendesa kudare.

Kuendeswa Kudare Rehurumende

Mukwirirwi anopomerwa mhaka mudare rehurumende angabvisa mhaka yacho kudare reruwa rehurumende kana mupurisa wacho aigona kuva akaiisa pakuvamba imomo.Izvi kazhinji kazhinji zvinoitika mumhaka dzakasiana - siana kana kuti nhau dzinobatanidza kutaura kwehurumende. Kubvisa kunofanira kuva kwakakodzera nguva, uye vakwirirwi vose vanofanira kubvuma. Vangobviswa bedzi, dare rehurumende rinoshandisa mitemo yaro rimene yemitemo.

Kuziva Zvaunofunga uye Kunzwisisa

Matare ehurumende pane dzimwe nguva anoramba kunzwa nhau dzinobatanidza mibvunzo inokosha yomutemo wehurumende kana kuti zvinoitika zvehurumende zvinopfuurira, pasi pedzidziso dzakadai se muduku nyunyu kana Mutengi [. Idzi dzidziso dzinoremekedza basa rematare ehurumende ndokudzivisa rwisano isiri madikanwa pakati pegadziriro mbiri.

Kubvumikiswa Kwemibvunzo

Apo dare rehurumende rinonangana nenhau isina kugadzikiswa yomutemo wehurumende, kungasimbisa mubvunzo wacho kudare guru rehurumende nokuda kwemhinduro yakananga.

Kusarudza Kutonga Nemashoko

Nzira yokusarudza nayo vatongi inosiyana zvikuru, izvo zvinogona kuchinja mashandiro anoita matare.

Vatongi Vehurumende

Nyaya III inosarudzwa naPurezidhendi uye inosimbiswa neDare. Vanobatira kugadza kwoupenyu hwose, kunobviswa bedzi nokusabvumirana. Uku kuzvimirira kunoitirwa kudzivirira kuita chisarudzo chedare mudzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Vatongi Vehurumende

Vatongi vehurumende vanosvika bhenji kunzira dzakasiyana- siyana: kusarudza kwokusarudza kana kuti kusarudza, kugadzwa nagavhuna, kana kuti kufanirwa nokusarudzwa (muchib., Missouri Plan). Mitemo inovambira pamakore mashomanene kuenda kuupenyu, uye nyika zhinji dzinoda sarudzo dzenguva nenguva. Sarudzo dzedare pane dzimwe nguva dzinotsoropodzwa nokuda kwokuparira dzvinyiriro yakakurumbira pamusoro penheyo yapamutemo.

Kurava pamusoro pechisarudzo chehurumende chedare paAmerican Bar Association.

Zvinetso Zvinoshanda Zvevagari Nemabhizimisi

Kuziva kuti idare ripi rinoshanda kunogona kukanganisa chinhu chose kubva paunoisa nyaya yacho mumatare kuti uzive kuti nyaya yacho inokurumidza sei.

Mabhizimisi Maduku Negakava Ramabhizimisi

Bhizimisi rinotengesera vatengi zvinhu munyika dzakawanda ringada dare rehurumende nokuda kwegakava rebvumirano kana mari yacho ichipfuura $75 000 uye mapato acho akasiyana - siyana. Mitemo yeFederal nevatongi kazhinji kazhinji inoonekwa seinodeya kuzivikanwa uye seyakaderera pakusarura kwomunzvimbomo.

Mitemo Yakaipa Yomunhu Oga Inokanganisa

Zvisinei, kana mukwirirwi ari sangano rehurumende kana kuti kambani inobva kune imwe nyika, kubviswa kungabvira.Plaintiffs ̱ magweta kazhinji kazhinji anosarudza dare rehurumende nemhaka yebetsero dzehurumende, dzakadai sedzinogamuchirwa zvikuru nedare redare rinobetsera dare rinobetsera dare rinobetsera kana kuti mitemo youfakazi.

Kuzvidzivirira Pamatsotsi

Vapomerwi veutsotsi vanofanira kuziva kuti ihurumende ipi iri kuvakwidziridza. Utsotsi hwehurumende (muchirevo, kuba motokari) hunobatwa mudare rehurumende. Utsotsi hwehurumende (muchirevo, kuba motokari dzehurumende) hunobatwa mudare rehurumende, umo nhungamiro dzokutonga kazhinji kazhinji dzinova dzorumano zvikuru. Zvimwe zviito, kufanana nokutengesa mirimo, zvinogona kupiwa mhaka mugadziriro dzose dziri mbiri pasina kuputsa njodzi nemhaka yokuti hurumende nehurumende ihurumende dzinoparadzana.

Mavambo Enhau Netsika

Gadziriro yedare mbiri yakavakirwa mugadziriro yehurumende yeU.S.Framers aida kuumba hurumende yorudzi ine ganhuriro, masimba anorongwa apo inochengeta chiremera chinodzora chikurusa kuhurumende. Gungano reJudiciary ra 1789 rakavamba matare ehurumende akaderera ndokurondedzera miganhu yehurumende. Nokufamba kwenguva, Hurumende yakawedzera kusimba rehurumende, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzakafanana nekodzero dzevagari vemo, murairo wemhoteredzo, uye bhizimisi.

Kusiyana neizvi, matare ehurumende aibva kumutemo wekuEngland uye matare anotonga nyika yeRoma agara ari iwo aitungamirira pakugadzirisa nyaya dzinonetsa vanhu mazuva ose.

Mafungiro Anowanzotaurwa Asina Kunaka

  1. “ Dare Rapamusorosa rinogona kunzwa nhau ipi neipi. ̵ Nhema. Dare Rapamusoro rine ganhuriro yapakuvamba (m., gakava pakati pehurumende) uye zvikurukuru chiremera chechisarudzo.
  2. “ matare eFederal nguva dzose ari nani. ̵ Hakusati kuri hako. matare ehurumende angava akarovedzana zvikuru nemitemo yomunzvimbomo nemiitiro, uye kuisa dare rehurumende kazhinji kazhinji kuri nyore uye kunodhura zvishoma.
  3. “ Kana ukarasikirwa mudare rehurumende, unogona kutanga mudare rehurumende. ̵ kazhinji kazhinji inhema. Dzidziso yeres jucata (pamberi penhau) inodzivisa kunyorwazve kwemashoko mamwe chetewo. matare ehurumende haasati achizonzwazve nhau yakadzorwa zvizere mudare rehurumende kutoti kutaura kwehurumende kwakananga kusina kumutswa.

Maziviro Aungaita Chokuisa Mepu Yako

Kana uri kurangarira chiito chapamutemo, tevera aya matanho:

  • Ziva hwaro hwapamutemo hwekutaura kwako. kwakavakirwa pamutemo womubatanidzwa, Bumbiro reMitemo, kana kuti mutemo wehurumende here?
  • Nzvera uwandu hwemari inobatanidzwa. Nokuda kwedzoro yakasiana - siana, ibvumikise inopfuura $75 000.
  • Ko vose vanozviparadzanisa vanobva munyika dzakasiana - siana kupfuura vapomeri vose here?
  • Rangarira kana kune chiremera chehurumende chakakwana chakafanana nokubhuroka kana kuti mutemo wapamutemo.
  • Bvunza gweta rakajaira masangano ose ari maviri; chisarudzo chacho chinogona kutapura mitemo yetsika, mitsetse yenguva, uye bviro yokubudirira.

mhedziso

Gadziriro dzedare rehurumende nerehurumende dzakarongedzerwa kuti dzive pamwe chete, rudzi rumwe norumwe rwenhau idzo dzakakodzera zvikurusa. Matare eFederal anokurukura nhau dzeitiro hanya yenyika nekakavadzano dzinoparirana nemitemo, nepo matare ehurumende anobata nhau zhinjisa dzapamutemo dzinotapura vanhu ̱ upenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kunzwisisa kuti idare ripi rine simba, apo mhaka dzinogona kusundwa, uye kuti miitiro inosiana inopa sei vatsigirisi uye zano ravo betsero inova huru. Kana uri muridzi webhizimisi anoronga zvibvumirano zvebhizimisi, mugari webhizimisi anobata nenhau yemhuri, kana kuti munhu mumwe anotarisana nemhosva, anoziva musiyano pakati pedare rehurumende nehurumende anogona kukubetsera kutungamirira gadziriro yapamutemo nenzira inobudirira zvikuru.