Mhiko dzaPurezidhendi rutivi runokosha rwenhau yeAmerica, dzinoratidzira kuchinjwa kune rugare kwesimba uye kuzvipira kwavatungamiriri kutsigira Bumbiro reMitemo. Mumakore apfuura, dzimwe nguva dzokupika dzazova dzakakurumbira nokuda kwamashoko anotaurwa kana kuti migariro yakapoteredza.iyi nyaya inonzvera kunokora mashoko kukuru mumhiko dzapurezidhendi munhau yose yeUnited States, dzichisiyanisa ngano neidi uye dzichinzvera chikonzero nei aya mashoko achiri anonzwika.

Murayiro Wapakuvamba Nerevo Yawo Yebumbiro Remitemo

Mhiko yapurezidhendi inorairwa neBumbiro reMitemo mu Article II, Chikamu 1, Claus 8. Mashoko apakuvamba, sendakanyorwa, ndi: ] Inopika zvakakomba (kana kuti ndinosimbisa) kuti ndichaita nokutendeka Hofisi yaPrezidhendi weUnited States, uye ndichasvika payakanakisisa yeMabasa angu, anochengetedza, anodzivirira nokudzivirira Bumbiro remitemo reUnited States. Iyi mhiko inosimbisa basa rapurezidhendi rokutsigira mitemo yenyika nebumbiro remitemo. Vagadziri vemiteveri vemitemo vakaisa namaune ichi chinodikanwa pamavambo amene masimba ebazu, chinoratidzira kuti purezidhendi haasati ari pamusoro pomutemo wapamusoro penyika asi wakasungwa.

Zvikurukuru, Bumbiro reMitemo haritauri kuti ndiani anopa mhiko yacho (8), nenzira yegamuchidzanwa, Mutongi Mukuru weUnited States, asi pakava nechakasiyana. Haridiwo Bhaibheri kana kuti chitsama chamashoko chokuti "Naizvozvo ndibetserei Mwari. ” Magamuchidzanwa iwayo akashanduka gare gare, uye nhau yavo inowanzonzwisiswa.

Chikamu Chokutanga chaPurezidhendi: George Washington (18789)

Mufananidzo Wenhau

Apo George Washington akaita mhiko pana April 30, 1789, pavharanda reFederal Hall muNew York City, iye akawedzera chitsama chamashoko naizvozvo ndibetserei Mwari. Ichi ndicho chinoitika chakanyorwa chapakuvamba zvikurusa chapurezidhendi anotaura mashoko iwayo mukati memhiko yacho, [1] kunyange vamwe vezvenhau vakakurukura kana Washington yakataura chaizvoizvo kana kuti kana nhau yacho yakazokurumbira gare gare gare. Nemhaka yacho, chitsama chazova chinhu chikuru chezvinenge pembedzo zvose zvinotevera. Washingtonwo akatsvoda Bhaibheri pashure pokudzokorora mhiko yacho, achigadza imwe tsika iyo purezidhendi vazhinji vakatevera.

Iye akanga achiziva zvikuru kuti chiito chiri chose chaakaita chaizogadza muenzaniso nokuda kwapurezidhendi womunguva yemberi.

Chokwadi Chinopesana Nengano.

Hapana pepanhau rapanguva imwe cheteyo rakashuma Washington richitaura kuti "Ndibetserei Mwari. Nhoroondo yokutanga inozivikanwa inobva muchinoitika chakabudiswa muna 1854 naWashington Irving, uyo akaiisa payeuko youchapupu. Zvisinei, pakasvika nguva yaAbrahama Lincoln, chitsama chacho chakanzwisiswa kuva rutivi rwemhiko, uye Franklin D. Roosevelt yakakurumbira kushandiswa kwayo pachena [[ sorutivi rweredhiyosimu yokutsaurira kwake 1933. Nhasi, anodokuva purezidhendi ari wose anoishandisa, kunyange zvazvo ichiri inowirirana pamutemo.

Abraham Lincoln (1861): Mashoko Okuporesa

Hakubvi Muuranda Hwako Umene

Lincoln akataura nenzira yakakurumbira neutsinye kumunhu upi noupi, norupo nokuda kwavose" mukati mehurukuro yake [[FLT:] yechipiri kuvamba kwegore], kwete mukati momhiko. Nyaya yapakuvamba inoronga ikoku sorutivi rwemhiko. Kunyange zvakadaro, mashoko akabatanidzwa nesimba zvikuru naLincoln's kuti aonekwe mukurukurirano dzokugadzwa kwake. Chokutanga mu 1861] chaguma nokukumbira: [FLT:] . [FLT: 4.]

Chivako Cheoath Chinozvizivisa

Lincoln akaita mhiko pana March 4, 1861, naMutongi Mukuru Roger B. Taney. Taney jambwa mumwe cheteyo uyo akanga anyora Dred Scott chisarudzo. (Kuparidzira. Capitol dome kwakanga kuchiri basa guru, rinomirira rudzi rwakanga rwuchivakwa. Lincoln akaisa ruoko rwake paBhaibheri rakanga risati richiri reDare rapamusoro asi rakumbira kumunyori. Kero rokutanga, kunyange zvazvo rakafukidzwa nowechipiri, ibasa guru rokurangarira kwemitemo nerongeri.

Nokuda kwokunzvera zvikuru mashoko okutanga aLincoln, Ribrary of Congress [[FLT: 1] inogovera mashoko nemamiriro ezvinhu enhau.

Franklin Roosevelt (1933): Kutya Icho Chacho

Vagari Vane Mupimo Pakati Penhamo

" Chinhu bedzi chatinofanira kutya ndirwo rutyo pacharwo" sezvinobvira mutsetse wakakurumbira zvikurusa kubva kuhurukuro ipi neipi yokutanga. Kufanana naLincoln, yakanga isiri rutivi rwemhiko asi rutivi rwekuvamba kweFDR, yakapiwa musi waMarch 4, 1933, mukati mokuderera kukuru kwoKuora mwoyo. Mutsetse wakaitwa nokungwarira kuti uise chivimbo murudzi rwakanga rwavhundutswa. Roosevelt akanga asarudzwa muna November 1932 asi aifanira kumirira mwedzi mina kuti atore nzvimbo yairwadza munjodzi. Chiteshinisiro, chakagamuchirwa muna 1933, Musianostrua kusvitsa musi waJanuary 20, kudivirira purezidhendi womunguva yemberi.

FDR akashandisa mashoko " naizvozvo ndibetserei Mwari" apo ndinenge ndichipika, uye akanga ari purezidhendi wokutanga kuzivisa mutambo wose paredhiyo (kunyange William Howard Taft’s 1909 ’ hurukuro yakanyorwa nokuda kwenhau). Mubatanidzwa wemhiko huru nehurukuro inonyandura wakapa vaAmerica tariro yokuti mutungamiriri wavo mutsva aizoita chiito chakasimba.

Chinonyadzisa

FDR akapika noruoko rwake paBhaibheri remhuri akazarura kurugwaro rwakabva mutsamba yomuapostora Pauro kuvaKorinte: [[FLT: 0]]. Kana munhu upi noupi ari muna Kristu, chisikwa chitsva; zvinhu zvakare zvapfuura; tarirai, zvinhu zvose zvava zvitsva. Mutungamiriri John Nance Garner] akava nemisodzi mumeso ake sezvaakatarira. Idi rokuti vhesi yeBhaibheri yakataura nezvokuvandudza hakuna kurasika pamamiriyoni avanhu vaiteerera.

John Kennedy (1961): Chinetso Kuchizvarwa

"Musabvunza"

Prezidhendi John F. Kennedy akavamba hurukuro yake pana January 20, 1961, yaiva nedenho isingafi: " Kumbira kuti nyika yako haingakuitirei. Kufanana nedzimwe, urwu rwakanga rusiri rutivi rwemhiko asi kutaura kwakatevedzana. Asi rwakava rwakadzika kwazvo muyeuko yavose yokugadza kwake zvokuti musiyano wacho unovanza. Kennedy akapa aya mashoko pazuva rinotonhora zvikuru muWashington, nesinou ichiri panyika kubva mudutu remisi ichangobva kupfuura. Iye akakurumbira haana kupfeka chibayiso, chisarudzo chakawedzerwa kumufananidzo wake wouduku.

Kennedy akapika neMutongi Mukuru Earl Warren, purezidhendi akashandisa Bhaibheri raakapiwa naHanzvadzi dzaSt. Joseph muMassachusetts, apo Vice Prezidhendi Lyndon Johnson akashandisa Bhaibheri kubva kumhuri yake amene.Kennedy navamwe vakapinda nhevedzano yemabhora okutanga madekwana iwayo, asi kutaura kwakafukidza zvose.

Kutsungirira Kukanganisa

Mutsetse wekukumbira kwete" wakanyandura kuumbwa kweChikamu cheRugare uye fungu rezvizvipiri muAmerica yose. Chinoramba chiri mumwe wemitsetse inonokorwa mashoko zvikurusa nomunhu upi noupi, kupi nokupi munhau yezvamatongerwe enyika. John F. Kennedy Prezidential Library[[[FL:1] inopa mashoko akazara nenzwi rekero.

Ronald Reagan (1981): Hurumende Sechinetso

Kudanidzira Kunochinja

Hurukuro yokutanga yaRonald Reagan yakatanga pa January 20, 1981, yakabatanidza chiziviso chakajeka: Hurumende haisati iri chigadzikiso chechinetso chedu; hurumende ndicho chinetso.. Uyu mutsetse wakabata pfungwa yeReagan Revolution, iyo yakaraira kubviswa kwapamutemo, mitero, uye basa rehurumende rakaderedzwa. Yakapiwa panguva yokuderera kukuru kwemitengo, urovha, uye pfungwa yetsika yorudzi. Mashoko aRegania ainzwika zvikuru namamirioni akanzwa kuti hurumende yakanga yakura zvikuru uye yaderedza.

Reagan akapika pazuva rinotonhora iro rakaonawo kusunungurwa kwavatapwa veAmerica muIran(a) netsaona kuti vazhinji vanodudzira sechiratidzo chetariro. Akashandisa Bhaibheri rakazarurwa [[FLT: 0] 2 Makoronike 7: 14 , ndima pamusoro porupfidzo rworudzi: " kana vanhu vangu, avo vanodanwa nezita rangu, vachazvininipisa, ndokunyengetera...

Nhaka Nokutsoropodza

Reagan’s "hurumende ichinetso" muganhu wave uchikurukurwa kubvira panguva ino. Vatsoropodzi vanoipikisa vachizvidza chivimbo chavanhu mumasangano, nepo vatsigiri vachiirangarira sechinoruramisa chiri madikanwa. Pasinei zvapo, yakarondedzera hurukuro yezvamatongerwe enyika kwamakumi amakore. RANAld Reagan Reaudian Reagial Foundation inogovera udzame pamusoro pomutambo nokutaura.

Dzimwe Nguva Dzinofadza Netsika Dzazvino Uno

George H.W. Bush (1989): Kubata Kwemunhu Oga

George H.W. Bush akaita mhiko achishandisa Bhaibheri rimwe chetero iro George Washington akashandisa pakuvamba kwokutanga(a batano ine simba kukuvamba kwenyika. Akabatanidzawo chitsama chamashoko ] naizvozvo ndibetserei Mwari" [ ndokuwedzera kubatana maoko neMutongi Mukuru William Rehnquist. Ayake parukuro yake yakanangidzirwa parusando rwekuzvipira uye rudzi " runyoro, runyoro."[[FLT]]

Barack Obama (2009): Bhaibheri reLincoln

Barack Obama akashandisa Bhaibheri reLincoln nokuda kwemhiko yake yokutanga, chisarudzo chamaune kukudza purezidhendi wechi 16. Zvisinei, mhiko yake yokutanga pana January 20, 2009, yakakurumbira nokuda kwekukanganisa: Mutongi mukuru John Roberts akashandura shoko nenzira yokusaziva, uye Obama akaridzokorora nenzira isina kururama. Kuva nechokwadi chokuti hakuna chinetso chebumbiro remitemo, mbiri dzakadzokororwa pachivande zuva rinotevera muImba yeChirungu. Obama yakagadza yechipiri muna 2013 yakashandisa Bhaibheri rimwe chetero ndokufamba zvakanaka. Aya yake yakabatanidza mirano [[FLT: 0]" Isu takaramba takatendeka kumipimo yemitengo yedu," asi kupika kumene kwakakweva kuukotsa kwamashoko chaiwo.

Donald Trump (2017): MaBhaibheri maviri

Purezidhendi Donald Trump akaita mhiko achishandisa maBhaibheri maviri: rimwe raakapiwa naamai vake neBhaibheri reLincoln. Ruoko rwake rwakanga rwakanga rwakamira pazvose zviri zviviri sezvo Mutongi Mukuru Roberts akaraira mhiko. Trump akati ] naizvozvo ndibatsirei Mwari" [[ uye gare gare gare akataura hurukuro yaibatanidza mutsetse " Kuuraya kweAmerica kunomira pano ndokumira zvino.[FLTY:3] Chibatsoro chake chakanga chiri chakatanhamara nokuda kwokudzoswa kwegamuchidzanwa rokushandisa maBhaibheri akawanda, iyo vamwe purezidhendi vakaita saLincoln naObama vakanga vaitawo.

Joe Biden (2021): Dzokera Kugamuchidzanwa

Joe Biden akashandisa Bhaibheri remhuri rave riri mumhuri yake chifo cha 1893. Mutambo wacho wakachinjwa zvikuru nemhaka yedenda reCOVID-19, nokuvapo kwakaganhurirwa nokushandiswa kwamabhasvu. Biden akawedzera chitsama chamashoko ] naizvozvo ndibetserei Mwari" [ uye wakapa kero yokutanga yakanangidzirwa pachinzwano nokuporesa. Mhiko yacho imene yakaitwa naMutongi Mukuru Roberts, achipfuudzira muitiro wenguva refu.

Kutapura Kwakaita Kunoita Kududzira Kwetsika dzeAmerica

Zvakawanda zveidzi nonokora mashoko zvakava zviratidzo zvokutungamirira kwavo nenguva munhau. Kurangarira kwaLincoln kwa" kunoratidzira kuzvipira kwake kuchinzwano mukati menguva yenyongano, nepo denho yaKennedy yakasunda chizvarwa kubasa ravose. Kutaura kwaReagan kunonyandura murangariro wakakomba wehurumende yainzwika nevagari veAmerica vazhinji. Kunyange mashoko aisabva mumhiko amene. “Kutya kunoitwa neFDR" kunoitwa kupfurikidza nokusawirirana nokutsaurirwa nemhaka yokuti anorondedzera chimiro chegadziriro itsva.

Mashoko aya anofundwa muzvikoro, anonokorwa mashoko muhurukuro, uye anonongedzerwa muzvinobudisa nhau zvakakurumbira. Anoumba nzwisiso yavanhu yeizvo purezidhendi mumwe nomumwe aimirira. Simba ramashoko akasanopindwa panhambo yokupika kusingagoni kunyanyopfuudzirwa: rinoisa purogiramu nengwariro yorudzi.

Ufumu Nengano Zvakapoteredza Muti

Nharo dzekuti "Naizvozvo Ndibetserei Mwari"

Kana Washington yakataura chaizvoizvo kuti "Naizvozvo ndibetserei Mwari" ipfundo regakava pakati pavezvenhau. Ufakazi ndohwechipokano, asi gamuchidzanwa racho rakasimbiswa zvakasimba. Mamwe mapoka orudzidziso, akadai seQuaker, akatsigira nenzira yegamuchidzanwa panzvimbo pokupika (napabumbiro remitemo rinobvumira zvakananga bvumirano). Purezidhendi Franklin Pierce akasarudza kusimbisa panzvimbo pokupika muna 1853, kuva purezidhendi bedzi kuti aite saizvozvo. Nhau yorudzidziso nemhiko inopfuurira kuva inokosha, navamwe vapurezidhendi vanoisimbisa kutenda kwavo uye vamwe vanoizvidza.

Zvikanganiso Zveutungamiriri

Mapurezidhendi anoverengeka akasangana nemhiko duku mukati memhiko. Calvin Coolidge (1923) akaita mhiko kuna baba vake, ruzhinji runotaura, pashure pokunzwa nezvaPurezidhendi Hansing rufu. Kutsiviwa kwebumbiro remitemo remhiko iyoyo kwakakurukurwa gare gare. Sezvadudzwa, chipfuro chaGenearma chakatungamirira kukuva mudzori. Uye muna 1963, Lyman B. Johnson akaita mhiko pamusoro peAir Force One achishandisa kubhurovha kwechiKaturike (kwakawanwa mukamuri rokurara raKennedy) nemhaka yokuti hakuna Bhaibheri rakawanikwa.

mhedziso

Mukurumbira unonokora mashoko kubva mumhiko dzapurezidhendi (nekero dzokutanga dzinovaperekedza (8) kuzivisa mipimo, denho, uye zvishuvo zvavatungamiriri veAmerica. Vanopfuurira kutifuridzira ndokutiyeuchidza nezvoukoshi husingagumi hwechigaro chechibvumirano neBumbiro reMitemo. Nepo mashoko chaiwoiwo emhiko aramba asina kuchinjwa kwamazana maviri amakore, mashoko akataurwa makapoteredza akagovera kambasi yenziyo yenziyo netsika nokuda kworudzi. sezvo purezidhendi mutsva mumwe nomumwe anopika pamatanho eCapitol, nyika inoteerera mitsetse yavo yakakurumbira iyo icharondedzera uye inodzokorokorodza kupfurikidza nenhau.

Nokuda kwaavo vanofarira kurava rugwaro chairwo rwemhiko yapurezidhendi nezviri mubatanidzwa, [[FLT: 0] Nhevedzo yeMari yeNyika [[FLT: 1] inopa Bumbiro rakazara nezvinyorwa zvetsauriro dzakapfuura. U.S. Dare rinochengetawo nhau yemhiko nedzoudzoro.