Kunzwisisa Kunaka Kwemashoko Asina Kunaka

Nhevedzano dzenhema dzakava imwe yedenho dzinopfuurira zvikurusa dzenhambo yemitengo. Inonongedzera kumashoko enhema kana kuti anotsausa anoparadzirwa pasinei zvapo nevavariro, kusiyana nemashoko anonyengera noune. Mitengo yemashoko yazvino uno, umo mashoko anotanhamara mumativi enhau dzenzanga nokukurumidza zvikuru, yakakudziridza kusvika uye tapuro yekutaura kusina kururama. Vadzidzi navadzidzi vanofanira kuva nounyanzvi hwokutsauranisa mashoko akavimbika nenhema, mano anokosha nokuda kweperero yedzidzo, kuva mugari wemunyika inoziva, uye unyanzvi hwebasa.

Shoko rokuti mashoko asina kururama rinosanganisira mapoka akasiyana - siyana, rimwe nerimwe rinoda kuongorora zvakasiyana:

  • Diffiformation: Nhengo yechinhu chakagadzirwa nenzira youzivi chakaitirwa kunyengedza, kazhinji kazhinji chakashongedzerwa nokuda kwemhindu yezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti yezvokutengeserana.
  • [[FFLT:0] Malformation: Mashoko echokwadi (akadai semaemail emunhu oga kana kuti magwaro akadzudza) anogoverana nevavariro inokuvadza, kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza namashoko akapoteredza.
  • Mashoko okutungamirira: kutaura kwakarurama muunyanzvi kunoratidzirwa munzira inoparira mirangariro yenhema, yakadai senhamba dzinogamuchirwa kana kuti misoro yenhau yakaitwa kuti ikurukure.
  • [ Tungano nenhema: Nhengo dzisina kujeka dzinoparadzira zvisina kurongwa, dzimwe nguva pasina vavariro yakaipa asi dzine migumisiro chaiyo yenyika.

Kuziva izvi zviduku inhano yokutanga mukugadzira mutoo wakarongwa wokuyera nawo manyuko.

Chikonzero Nei Kushatisa Manyuko Anokosha Zvino Kupfuura Kare

Migumisiro yokugamuchira mashoko asina kuvimbika inopfuura zvikuru kusanzwisisana. Rangarira zviitiko zvoutano hwevanhu: mukati medenda reCHOVAD-19, mashoko asina kururama pamusoro pokurapa, nhomba, uye kupfuudzwa zvakatungamirira kunzufu dzinodzivisika uye kuwedzera njodzi. Munzanga dzehurumende yeruzhinji, kupararira kwezvirevo zvenhema zvamatongerwe enyika kunobvisa chivimbo mumasangano uye kunosimudzira. Vadzidzi, kuvimba namanyuko asina chokwadi kunofanira kusekesa nheyo yenheyo yebasa redzidzo.

Manyuko anonyandura haasati achingovawo unyanzvi hwokuzvidzivirira; kunowedzera nokushingaira kufunga kwokutsoropodza namano okunzvera. Apo vadzidzi vanopanikira nguva dzose mavambo, donzo, uye ufakazi mumashoko, vanova netsika dzendangariro dzinovabatira mumirayiridzo. Iyi nzira inokurudzirawo kushandiswa kwamashoko ane mutoro, kuchideredza bviro yokupfuudzira nhema dzinokuvadza. Mumhoteredzo umo munhu upi noupi anogona kubudisa, mano okuparadzanisa chiratidzo paruzha azova chinhu chinodikanwa nokuda kwokutora rutivi rune revo munzanga.

Muedzo weCRAAP: Mubato Wapakuvamba

Chimwe chezvishandiso zvinogara zvikuru uye zvinoshanda pakuongorora kwezvinobuda mukombiyuta ibvunzo yeCRAAP, yakatangwa navashandi veraibhurari paCalifornia State University, Chico.

Mari

Mari inoongorora nguva yemashoko. Bvunza: Manyuko akabudiswa kana kuti akapedzisira kugadziridzwa here?

Dzokerai Kure

Nyaya yakanyorwa nenyanzvi inonangidzirwa kunyanzvi ingava isina kukodzera nokuda kwebasa redzidzo.

Chiremera

Chiremera chinobvunza nezvemanyuko emashoko acho. Ndiani munyori, sangano, kana kuti mubudisi? Zvikwaniriso zvavo, masonganirani, uye unyanzvi? Manyuko omuchina wepayunivhesiti unozivikanwa ane uremu hwakasiyana pane paivhu inobuda. Nzvera kuti munyori anoshanda sei, masangano ezvokushandira, uye mashoko anobva kubasa revezheni. Kudai, ongorora nzvimbo dzinonzi: .edu, .gov, uye .org zvikamu zvinowanzova nemipimo yakakwirira yokuzvidavirira kupfuura nzvimbo dzezvokutengeserana, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvisiri vimbiso yokuvimbwa.

Kururama

Ungwaru hunobatanidza kupupurira uchokwadi hwezviri mukati. Mashoko anotsigirwa noufakazi, zvitsama, uye nongedzero kumanyuko makuru here? Unogona kuwana manyuko apakuvamba kana kuti kutsigira? Tarira mashoko omuzasi, mabhiriyoni, uye batano kufundo. Zvikanganiso, kutaura kusina kutsigirwa, kana kuti kunyengera kune mufungo mireza mitsvuku. Kurevesa kutaura kwemuchinjikwa namamwe manyuko ane mukurumbira wakanaka inzira ine simba yokuzivisa.

Chinangwa

Donzo rinowana chikonzero chiripo. Kurevererwa kuzivisa, kunyengetedza, kana kuti kutengesa here?

Kushandisa nzvero yeCRAAP kunoda kurovedza, kwete nzverowo zvayo asi gadziriro yokubvunza mibvunzo yakarurama. Nokufamba kwenguva, vanoshandisa mipimo iyi vaishandise nenzira yomuzvarirwo pakuwana mashoko matsva.

Unyanzvi Hwokuongorora Hwakabudirira: Hakusi Kure

Kunyange zvazvo kuongorora kweCRAAP kuchikosha, vatsvakurudzi vemazuva ano vanorumbidza nzira dzinobatsira dzinogadzirisa zvinhu zvinonyatsobuda paIndaneti.

Kurava Kwapashure

Kurava kwomunguva yakapfuura inzira inoshandiswa navanonzvera maidi vano unyanzvi. Panzvimbo pokurambira pawebsite imwe kuyera kuvimbika kwayo, varavi vepashure vanovhura matevhi akawanda kuti vaongorore mukurumbira wetsime kupfurikidza nenongedzero dzokunze. Somuenzaniso, kana ukasangana nenyaya yenhau inobva muchinyorwa chakavanzika chausingazivi, tsvaka zita resangano pamwe namashoko akadai se “bias,” kana kuti“ kunzvera kwapamutemo.” Tarira mapurotendiro, hwirudzura, uye tsigira mishumo. Iyi inotepfekerwa nechokunze inozivisa mashoko okurava akarembera akareruka (kupinda munzvimbo yenzvimbo) kazhinji kazhinji kacho.

Nzira Yokushandisa

Yakakudziridzwa naMike Caulfield paWashington State University, SAFT ine zviito zvina: Stop, Reveta manyuko, Franisa zviri nani, uye Trace anotaura kuti kuvambira kwapakuvamba. Chokutanga rega(kumisa) munhambo kuti udzivise kuita kwemirangariro. Rwechipiri runobatanidza kunzvera unyanzvi hwemanyuko nepurogiramu. Kufamba kwechitatu kunokurudzira kutsvaka kwakavimbika, kuvamba kushuma panzvimbo pokumirira pavhaira rimwe. Nhevera yechina inotaura kuti yakabva kumavambo, ichiita kuti mashoko haana kutorwa mumashoko akapoteredza. SFIT inoshanda zvikuru nokuda kwokurangarira mifananidzo, mavhidhiyo, uye mabhaisiko ezvinobudisa nhau.

Kutsvaka mufananidzo kwokudzokera shure

Mashoko asina kururama ezvinoonekwa akapararira, nemifananidzo yakatorwa pamashoko akapoteredza kana kuti yakachinjwa nemagiramu. Kushandura maturusi okunzvera mifananidzo, akadai se Google Images, TINYE[, uye [FLT]] IFRAN] IFRAIder[, bvumira vashandisi kuisa mufananidzo kana kuti kuisa URL yawo kuti vawane chitarisiko chayo chapakuvamba chaizivikanwa. Izvi zvinogona kuratidza kana mufananidzo wabviswa pachiitiko chekare, unoshandiswa, kana kuti unonzi washatiswa. Nguva dzose metaidzosaidzosa (IMAZI) sezvingakwanisa kugovera nguva, nzvimbo, uye mashoko.

Mawebsite Anoona Chokwadi Nezviwanikwa Zvinovimbwa Nazvo

Masangano anoongorora chokwadi anoita basa rinokosha mukurasa mashoko asina kururama. Mapoka aya anoshandisa vatori venhau uye vatsvakurudzi vanoshandisa nzira dzakaoma kuongorora zvinotemwa. Mamwe ezvinoremekedzwa zvikuru anosanganisira:

Mamwe mashoko asiri echokwadi anochinja nokufamba kwenguva, saka kubvisa chinhu kubva pamwedzi mitanhatu yapfuura kungasataura nezvechinhu chazvino uno.

Kuziva Mishonga Yokuranga Inoparira Kusaziva

Kunyange nemidziyo yakanakisisa, psychology yomunhu inogona kusekesa kuyera kwedonzo. Kufungira kushomanene kunotungamirira kuzvikanganiso zvakarongeka mukufunga. Tsika dzinoverengeka dzinoshanda zvikurukuru kumashoko asina kururama akapararira:

  • Tsika dzinosimbisa: Tsika yokugamuchira mashoko anotsigira zvitendero zviripo. Iyi mirangariro inoita kuti vanhu vave nebviro huru yokugamuchira manyuko anopanikirika anowirirana nekuona nyika kwavo ndokuramba manyuko akavimbika anoidenha.
  • Muuyo wekushandisa: Vanhu vane unyanzvi hwakaderera mumusoro wenhau vanonyanyova vanokwanisa kusarudza mashoko pamusoro pawo. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kukunyanyonyanyonyanyonyanyonyanyova anonzvera manyuko ayo zvamazvirokwazvo asina kuvimbika.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kudavirika: Vanhu vanotonga bviro yezvinoitika zvakavakirwa pamavikire ari nyore kundangariro. Vivid, mashoko asina kururama anoshamisa anowanzopinda mundangariro kupfuura mashoko akaoma, akarurama, nzwisiso inopinza yengozi.
  • Zvokwadi yokunyengera: Kuratidzirwazve kumashoko kunowedzera bviro yokuti inozivikanwa seyechokwadi, kunyange kana iri nhema. Ndicho chikonzero nei kurasa kuchifanira kungwarira kusasimbisa nenzira yokusaziva kutaura kwenhema kwapakuvamba.

Kudzidzisa vadzidzi kuziva kusarura uku kunobatsira pakuongorora zvinhu.

Kusimudzira Kudzidza Nezvinobudisa Mashoko Mudzidzo

Kupinza mashoko muzvikamu zvemapepanhau mupurogiramu yacho kunoda kuronga kwemaune, hakuna kukwana kupa vadzidzi munzvero imwe chete; unyanzvi hunofanira kushandiswa muzvinhu zvose uye mwero wegiredhi. Mazano anoshanda anosanganisira:

Kuongorora Kunoita Vanhu Vachitaurwa Nevanhu Varipo

Zvikamu zvenhau zvinogona kuongorora manyuko makuru efungidziro; makirasi esayenzi anogona kunzvera kushandiswa kwenhamba mumishumo yenhau; makirasi eEngland anogona kubvisa nzira dzokutaura nemirangariro mumifungo.

Kushandisa Zvinoitika Zvazvino Senzvero Yenhau

Kurukurai kuti nei nyaya mbiri dzine chokuita nenyaya imwe chete dzichigona kutevedzerwa uye kuti mungagadzirisa sei kusawirirana kwakadaro.

Kurovedza Muviri Kunoyera

Vachishanda mumapoka maduku, vadzidzi vanogona kushandisa kuverenga kwepashure uye chokwadi muchadenga kuti vaongorore nzvimbo dzinobuda mavhairasi dzinobudisa mashoko.Vanotaura zvavanowana, vachitsanangura kuti ndeapi avanovimba nawo uye nei.

Kutsvaka Tsika Yokubvunza

Kurudzira vadzidzi kubvunza kuti “Ndinoziva sei kuti ikoku ndokwechokwadi?” Sechimiro chapanguva dzose. Kuzvininipisa kwounyanzvi kupfurikidza nokubvuma apo unenge usina chokwadi pamusoro pamanyuko uye unoratidzira kuti unganzvera sei. Chingurirai miitiro umo kupanikira kunoremekedzwa panzvimbo pokurangarirwa sokusaremekedza kana kuti kutsoropodza.

Kurovedza Muviri Kunoshanda Nokuda Kwekirasi

Kuti vaite kuti rondedzero ishande, vadzidzisi vanogona kuita mabasa akarongwa anovaka unyanzvi hwokuyera murumano:

  • ``Kopai] Kunyengera”: Ipai nyaya nhatu pamusoro mumwe chetewo wapamutemo(aiv), imwe kubva panzvimbo inozivikanwa seOnion, uye imwe kubva kumanyuko emashoko. Kuomera vadzidzi kudzironga nokururamisa zvisarudzo zvavo vachishandisa CRAAP nokurava kwapashure.
  • Kudzosa Kunzvera Mufananidzo: Ratidza mufananidzo waenda utachiona (mutoo, “chiono chinosetsa” chinokwezva). Bvunza vadzidzi kuronda mavambo ahwo vachishandisa kunzvera kwokudzokera shure kwemifananidzo uye shuma kana mashoko akapoteredza akarurama.
  • Nzvero youpenyu hwemunhu: Ipa vadzidzi zita re “nyanzvi” isinganzwisisiki inodudzwa munyaya yepaIndaneti. Ita kuti vatsvake zvibvumikiso chaizvoizvo zvomunhu wacho ndokuziva kutaura kupi nokupi kwefungidziro.
  • [[FFLT:0] MISformation Timeline:[[FT:1] Ringarambira chidimbu choupenyu chemashoko asina kururama akananga kubva pachitarisiko chayo chokutanga kusvikira pakurega kwacho kwokupedzisira. Kurukurai kuti nei yakapararira uye kuti kupindira kwaizogona kuimisa.

Basa Remitemo Nemagadzirirwo EPlatform

Kunzwisisa manyuko evimbiko kunorevawo kunzwisisa mhoteredzo matinosangana nako mashoko. Marosa esocial reculture anoisa bvumirano pamusoro pokururama, kukudza zvinhu zvinonyandura kana kuti zvinonyandura mirangariro. Manetsi einjini anogona kushandiswa kupfurikidza nokutsvaka kwakakwana kweinjini (SEO) navatambi vemashoko. Vadzidzi vanofanira kudzidza:

  • Nzira yokushandisa nayo vashandisi vazvino uno mukunzvera kuchenesa miuyo nemusi, nzvimbo, kana kuti rudzi rwefaira.
  • Kuongorora nhau dzenzanga dzepasocial network — kutsvaka mabheji chaiwo, musi wechisiko, uye nhau dzakapfuura.
  • Kuti “kusimbisa” hakuna kuenzana ne“chokwadi”; mukurumbira hachisi chiratidzo chokuvimba.

Platform replace reconvert mishumo yokuona nokunzvera kwokuzvimirira, zvakadai sefundo dzinobva ku Kennedy School Misformation Review, inogovera mashoko pamusoro pokuti zvinobatanidzwa zvinopararira sei. Kusuma vadzidzi kuiyi nzvero kunovapa simba rokufunga nokungwarira pamusoro pemiitiro inoumba zvokudya zvavo zvamashoko.

Misiyano Yepamutemo Neyouori

Nepo vachinzvera manyuko zvikurukuru inhau yedzidzo, inopesanawo nomutemo netsika. Mitemo yokusatendeseka, itiro hanya dzekodzero dzekodzero dzekodzero dzemunhu, uye maruramiro epfuma zvedzidzo zvose zvinobatira pamwe nokuparadzirwa kwenhema. Vadzidzi vanofanira kunzwisisa kuti kugoverana mashoko enhema, kunyange nenzira isiri yapamutemo, kunogona kuva nemiuyo yapamutemo (zvakadai sesutu) nokuda kwavanhu kana kuti masangano. Nenzira yechokwadi, kune mutoro kusangodzivisa bedzi kuita mashoko asina kururama asiwo kuaruramisa paunosangana nawo. Chidzidzo chenhau cha “Pizzagate". Yakadai sechirongwa chamazano chakatungamirira kuchinoitika chaichoicho chenhema chapanyika chisingadzoreswi.

Mugumisiro: Kuvaka Miitiro Youpenyu Hwose

Munhambo umo mashoko akawanda asi anosawanika, mano okuyera manyuko iunyanzvi hunokosha hweupenyu. Zvishandiso zvakafanana nenzvero yeCRAAP, kunzvera kwapashure, kushandura mifananidzo, uye idi ._V. Kunzvera mawebsite anopa mitoo inoringanira kuyera kuvimbika. Asi maturusi oga haana kukwana; anofanira kuva anobatanidzwa nokuziva mafungire epfungwa uye simba rokugadzira zvinobudisa mashoko asina kururama. Vadzidzi, vavariro yacho haisati iri yokuchinja vadzidzi kuva nyanzvi dzeidi dzenhau dzinonzvera, asi kusakurira tsika yokupanikira kubvunza kuti, “Chii chiri manyuko emashoko aya, uye ndinogona kuavimba here?”

Kana tikadzidzisa vadzidzi kuti vakwanise kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana, tinovadzidzisa kuti vakwanise kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana. Kurwisa mashoko asina kururama hakukundwi nechinhu chimwe chete, asi nokuvaka chizvarwa chevanofunga zvakatonaka chinoda uchapupu, vavariro dzemibvunzo, uye kukoshesa kururama.