Bharupidhi: Kushandisa Zvipikirwa Nenjodzi Dzokushandisa Opareji

Kuchinja kwemiitiro yokuvhota kunomirira kumwe kwokupesana kworuzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu uye kudzora. Masangano okuvhota paInline anovimbisa kubvisa kutora rutivi kwedemocracy nokubvisa mhinganidzo dzenzvimbo nedzemuviri, bva zvinotanga panguva imwe cheteyo zvinhu zvisina kumboitika. Samarudzi nemasangano evatyairi vendege paIndaneti, kupesana pakati pezvakanakira nezvinochengeteka, kuwanikwa nokuperera, hakuna kumbova kwakakomba zvikuru. Kuongorora uku kuongorora ruzivo rwezvo, magariro, uye migumisiro yemabumbiro renyika dzeIndaneti, zvichiva nechokuita kuti zvikunde mhingamupidhi dzepasi kuti zvikunde zvose zviri zviviri zvikudzo uye kuchinja zvinobvira izvo zviripo kupfuura.

Kurondedzera Online Voting Systems: Kubva paFormals iri nyore kusvika kuCryptographic Frames

Kuvhota kwapakombiyuta kunobatanidza misiyano yemitemo yetechnoloji, imwe neimwe ine revo dzakajeka nokuda kwechengeteko, kuva voga, uye kushanda. Pagadziriro yayo yakapfava zvikurusa yepaIndaneti igadziriro yokuvhota inobvumira vavhoti kuzviisa pasi pezvisarudzo zvavo kupfurikidza nekombiyuta. Uku kuvamba kukuru kunowanzotsamira pamitepi yemanyuko yebasa iri padi seri kuti vachengetedze uye kunyora kwapamutemo kweHTTPS kunodzivirira kudzivirira kufambiswa. Masangano mazhinji anoshamisa anoshandisa kupedza kuvhotera, anogonesaidza kusimbisa kuti bhora ravo rakaverengwa seripo pasina kuzivisa zviri mariri. Zvikamu zvishoma zvinoyera zvinoparadzirwa zvinoparadzirwa (chitsoro chetsono) zvinogona kugovera kuvhoterana pamutemo (zvisingabvumidzwi kupfurikidza nokupfupikisana). Zviitwe nezvinodikanwa kuti zvisaririra zvisaririra zvisaririra zvisaririra zvisaririra mugadziriro zvokuvhotina)

Kuchengeteka Nokuvimba: Zvinetso Zvinotyisa

Kutyisidzira Kwemakemikari uye Kurwisa

Mushonga unowanzotaurwa kuti uvhiyi paIndaneti ikoshe. Gadziriro yeInternet yekombiyuta yeichingirire inyajambwa wevatambi venyika, vavhoti, uye mapoka eutsotsi. Kusafanana nebhokisi rebhorati renyika, iro rinogona kuchengetwa, chikuva chokuvhotera paIndaneti chinofanira kudzivirira pakuramba kurambwa kwe-dvoration (DS) inodzongoza gadziriro inogona kuvhura makombiyuta, masareyi anogona kutapura zvirongwa zvokuvhotera, uye kudzora kwakakwirira kutyisidzira muvhoti webasa. 201 NHANS] NZUS inodzivirira paidzorobhoti inoparadzirwa kuti hapana gadziriro yazvino inogona kusimbisa kusavapo kwemabhinya pamichina inovhotera, ichiita kuti isakwa kuvimbisa kuti mushandiri anovhotera kupfurikidza nerota akavhota. Chirongwa chamabhiroti "[FFLT:]] Nheti] Nhengerweri yenhau ino ino inosaririra kuti iveri inosijekei inopfuureri

Kuzvimirira. Verifaibility: Cryptographic Tightrope

Democraccaic inoda kuti marobhoti ave akavanzika kudzivisa kumanikidza nokuvhota. Mumiitiro yemitauro, izvi zvinoda kuti chikuva chokuvhota chisagona kubatanidza muvhooti chaiye, kunyange kana mavhoti aripo. Mamidhiyo okupedzisa kuoneka anoshandisa mariti okuvhota anobvumira vavhoti kuti vaongorore kuperera kwavo pasina kuzivisa kuti inhipi yakasarudzwa. Zvisinei, marigi idzi dzinogona kuva chiteshi chebumbiro kana muvhoti akamanikidzirwa kuratidza rigi radzo yavo. Estonia, mutungamiriri wenyika yose muvhotera muInter covotation, anobvumira kuti iyi idzorwezve nguva dzakawanda sei sezvadzinoda pamberi penguva, nebasa rekupedzisira bedzi risingaverengeri rea roa roaksition asi roumbidzo. Kuwedzera chiyero pakati pekunzvera kworudyi uye kunzvera kugadzikwa.

Kurerutsa Kweruzivo Rwokugadzira Nokukosha Kwezvifambiso

Sarudzo dzinotora nguva yakawanda, zvinoitika zvinotambudza nguva. Gadziriro ipi neipi inotambudza munguva yokuvhota inogona kushatisa vagari vemo. Mubatanidzwa wokuvhota unofanira kuvakirwa nokuda kwokuvapo kwakakwirira, navarenzi verefu, kukundikana mitoo, uye kurema kungakwidza kuti vatakure kukwidziridza motokari dzepamusoro-soro (kazhinji kazhinji pazuva rimwe chete. 2020 Democraticism in Nevada inoshandisa purogiramu yeIndaneti inokanganisazve, ichiparira nyongano nemigumisiro. Kukundikana kwakadaro kunoderedza chivimbo chavose uye kunosimbisa kudikanwa kwokuedza kudzorwa kwedzvinyiriro nezvinodzokororwa. Kunyange pasina denho dzakashata, chitsoro chesoftware imwe inogona kushatsa jaira jaira jarasa, sezvinoonekwa mumapurogiramu apo chitsotsi chakaitwa chirongwa chokubhabhabha kana kuti chisarutsiridza zvisina kururama.

Kusiyana Kwemadhigirii: Kukwanisa kuverenga, Kunyora, uye Equity

Mubatanidzwa wokuvhota unowedzera mikana yokuwedzera kusaenzana kuripo kana kusati kwagadzirwa nokungwarira. Majekiseni ari munharaunda dzomumaruwa dzine inthaneti inononoka, vakura vasingazivi mibatanidzwa yemichina, mhuri dzinowana mari yakaderera pasina makombiyuta, uye vanhu vakaremara vanoda unyanzvi hwokubatsira vose vangasiyiwa. [2022] OECD yomushumo wehurumende yemakombiyuta yakataura kuti nepo kubuda kwemakombiyuta kwawedzera, misiyano yokushandisa inoramba iripo panguva yezera, mari, uye mitsetse yedzidzo. Vagadziri vemichina vanofanira kurangarira kana kutanga kutora rutivi paIndaneti kugona kubvisa nzira dzinosekesa. Hybridrobhodhi yemipi neya yemapepa neyamuronzewo , asi ivo vanopinzawo zvinetso mukuvhotera.

Kuparadzaniswa Kwemitemo Nokusava Nechokwadi Kwepamutemo

Mitemo yemitemo yeElectorotal yakanyorerwa zvirongwa zvepepa uye zviteshi zvinoongorora zvinoshanda. Kuichinja kumiitiro yemitauro kunoda mutemo wokuti pamitemo inodzivirira mashoko, postructs, kupesana, chirango chemhosva nokuda kwokudzoreka kwekombiyuta. Mumitemo yehurumende yakadai seUnited States kana kuti Switzerland, mitemo inosiana zvikuru, kugadzira mitemo inovhiringidza kuwanikwa kwevatengesi uye kushandira pamwe. muganhu weEurope yeUnion's unogovera chirongwa chezivikanwo chemichina, asi mibato yenyika inosiyana, uye haisi kudzorwa nguva dzose nokuda kwegadziriro dzokuvhotera. Pasina kujeka kwapamutemo, zvirongwa zvokuvhotera zvinoramba zvichiva nyore nyore uye zvinova zviri pamutemo zvinovangana nezvinovhiringidza migumisiro.

Mikana Yokuchinja Kutora Rutivi Rwehurumende

Kuwanikwa Kwemagasi Akakurirwa Kumucheto

Zvichida chibvumikiso chakasimba zvikurusa chokuvhota paIndaneti ibviro yacho yokuita kuti vavhoti avo vanotarisana nemhinganidzo huru munzvimbo dzokuvhota. Vane zvinetso zvokufamba, chirwere chisingaperi, kana kuti mitoro yokutarisira, vagari vomunyika vanogara kune imwe nyika, vashandi vehondo vari kumirirwa mhiri kwamakungwa, uye vagari venzvimbo dziri kure vose vanokwanisa kubetserwa. Estonia inobatira purogiramu yokuvhota, iyo yave ichishandiswa kubvira muna 2005, nguva dzose inoshuma kuti vanopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chavavhotera vanokanda bhavhotera paIndaneti, zvikurukuru nokurera vana vakawanda pakati pevagari vomumaruwa. Kukwanisa kuvhotera kubva kumiteveripi nenguva ipi neipi yokufamba uye kunogona kuderedza nguva yokumirira, kuita kuti kutora rutivi nokuda kweavo vane nguva yakaganhurirwa.

Kubudirira uye Kuderedza Mutengo Wokutarisira

Sarudzo dzamagamuchidzanwa dzinoiswa papepa dzinoda kudhinda, kuchengetedzwa, zvokufambisa, kuverenga, uye kunzvera kwomuviri zvinotakura ndyiko dzinokosha nedzezvinhu. Zvikamu zvemitengi yokuvhota zvizhinji zvebasa iri, zvichideredza mutengo wemari yepepa rimwe nerimwe. Nzvero yeAustralian Electoral Commission yakawana kuti kuvhota kwamagetsi nokuda kwokuvhiya kwakakomba kwakaderera nguva yokugadzira nokunenge 40% yemari inovhota. Nepo kuisa mari mumugwagwa mumitengo yakakodzero yakakotsekana ihuru, mari inochengetwa yenguva refu inogona kuva huru, zvikurukuru nokuda kwemitengo yezvitengo inoshandisa mibato mizhinji (g., inonongedzera kuvhotaro, dare rechikoro reko.)

Kushuma Nguva Chaiyoiyo uye Chivimbo Mumiuyo

Munyika dzakawanda, mukaha pakati pokunzvera kupfiga nemigumisiro yokupedzisira unoziviswa unoita kuti pave nokunyumwira nerondedzero dzerangano. Gadziriro dzokuvhota dzapaOnline dzinogona kuparira nzvero dzinoda kukurumidza, nezvibvumikiso zvokushatisa zvinobvumira vazivi vanozvimirira(//nai zvichida vanhu) kusimbisa urefu. 2019 Switzerland ie-volution mumukanwa weNeuchâtel [] inoshandisa gadziriro yokupedzisira yemutengi inobvumira muvhozhotera yavo kusimbisa muvhenga wakavanzika wadzokororwa, uye wetsaona yehurumende yakabudiswa. Paichiitwa nokuoneka kwapanguva chaiyo inogona kusimbisa chivimbo panzvimbo pokuzvinetsa.

Kushandisa Michina YemaIndia Neyamadhigirii

Voter aivhura pakati pavaduku (18/29) yave iri yakaderera zvikuru kupfuura mauto ekare agara ari muhurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu. Nzvero inobva ku Electoral Commission (UK) inokarakadza kuti magirabhu ehurumende anotarisira mabasa ehurumende anokosha kuti aenzane nebetsero yemabhangi neshopu. Nepo kubetsera kwoga hakusati kuri purofiti nokuda kwechibvumirano chakaderera, kubvisa kudikanwa kwokushanyira chiteshi chokuvhotera mukati mefafite yakaganhurirwa. Gadziro reAustralia reIvote, rinosumwa nokuda kwemariro yezviono nerango, rakashandiswa nezviuru zvavaduku vavhotisi, zvichikarakadza kuti jambwa zvakasano kwezva purogiramu yadzokororwa kupfuvura shorwa kupfuvura shore shore shore shore shore.

Kuchengetedza Kwakatipoteredza

Gadziriro imwe neimwe yesarudzo inopedza mafiti epepa, inobudisa muvhoti nevashandi, uye inoparira tsvina kubva muzvinhu zvakaraswa. Kuvhota kwapaInline kunoderedza zvikuru iyi nharaunda yakapoteredza. Gadziriro yokuvhota yeEstonia yave ichidudzwa seinoparira kuderera kuenzana kutedzerwa kwamashandiro apamutemo amabasa anobva kumatura. Apo inonangidzirwa kukuvhota kwenyika munyika huru, betsero yemhoteredzo inogona kuva huru, inowiriranisa kushanda kwezvisarudzo nezvinotsigirwa zvikuru nehurumende.

Zvatinodzidza Mumunda: Kuongorora Majeri Pakombiyuta

Estonia: Ndarama Yaiva Nevanhu

Estonia inoramba iri nyika bedzi inopa vhoti yeInternet senzira huru yeSarudzo reparamende. Gadziriro yayo inobvumira kuvhota kubva mukombiyuta ipi neipi panhambo yapamberi pezuva rakawanda, ichishandisa kadhi reID renyika ine chitsoro chetsoro kusimbisa. Vatambi vanogona kudzoserazve paIndaneti kana kuti munhu, uye pashure pekunge nguva yokuvhota yapaindaneti yavhara inovhara kana kuti inovhara kombiyuta, zvose zvinobviswa kana muvhoti akaisa papepa fomu ramaune kuti adziviridze kumanikidza. Kuchengeteka kwapa purofiti kwapa nguva nenguva nenguva, kubatanidza fundo 2019 yaigona kuratidza kuti muitiro wacho waigona kuratiswa ne-mabharatiro pakombiyuta. Asikasaririra pachena, na 50% yevota paunzirotina yeUganda. Kubudirira kubudirira mumiteveri yeEstoni inovakwa zvakasimba zvikuru, uye vanhu vane mamirioni vashoma.

Switzerland: Miedzo Yakadzorwa uye Kuchinja

Switzerland yave ichingwarira, ichivhota paIndaneti mumichina inoverengeka kubvira muna 2003. Gadziriro yeSwiss inozivikanwa nokuda kwokushandisa kwayo kuoneka kwamashoko anobva kumunhu wacho. purogiramu inoongororwa pachena(* uye kubatana kwayo mariti okunyorera anonyorwa hope. Miedzo yakamiswa muna 2019 pashure pokunge yawanikwa, yatangazve kuvhota muna 2020 nemitemo yakawedzerwa. Chiteshi cheSwisss chinoratidzira kuti kuronge kwapa zvishoma nezvishoma, kutungamirira kwedzidzo yakaoma, uye kudisa kumira nokumirazve kunokosha zvinokosha kuti ivake gadziriro inogona kukurira zvose zviri zviviri unyanzvi nezvamatongerwe enyika.

Norway: Mhaka Inokosha Yakashata

Norway yakaita nyaya dzokuvhota paIndaneti muna 2011 na2013 nokuda kwekuvhota, ichibvumira vavhoti mumanisiparati kuti vasarudze vaisarudza vachishandisa Internet. Pasinei nokugutsikana kukuru kwevagari vemo, hurumende yakasarudza kusapfuudzira purogiramu yacho. Chikonzero chikuru chaiva chokunetseka kuti vanhu vangabatwa zvisina kuonekwa. Chinorweni chinosimbisa basa rinokosha revoruzhinji. Kuchengeteka kwemabhazi hakukwani; vagari vemo vanofanira kudavira kuti gadziriro yacho haikuvadzi. Pasina kuvimba ikoko, kunyange gadziriro yakasaidzwa ingakundikana kugamuchirwa.

Australia: Zvinoda Kuwanikwa

Gadziriro yeAustralia yeIvote, yakatangwa muna 2001, yakaitirwa zvikurukuru vavhoti avo vari mapofu kana kuti vane chiono chakaderera, pamwe chete naavo vanogara mhiri kwamakungwa kana kuti munzvimbo dziri kure. Inoshandisa wirirano yorunhare newebsite nenzwi rinoiswa pamanzwi. Gadziriro yakarumbidzwa nokuda kwokuwana kwayo asi yakashorwa nokuda kwokushaiwa nzira dzepepa dzokuvanza. Kuhwirudzura 2021 kwakarumbidza kuti iOte iditwe idis idivie gadziriro yamagetsi yakakotsekanwa yakachengeteka zvikuru, asi gadziriro yacho inopfuurira nemhaka yokusimbisa kunyorwa kwemashoko nedziviriro nechinetso chezvamatongerwe enyika pakati penyika nokubvisa basa rinowirirana navanhu vasingagoni kukuvadzwa.

Miitiro Yakanakisisa Yokushandisa Kwakachengeteka Zvikuru

Kupedzisa nokuongorora kwokuzvidira

Gadziriro ipi neipi yokuvhota yakavimbika paIndaneti inofanira kubvumira vavhoti kuyera kuti vhoti yavo yakagamuchirwa ndokuverengwa, pasina kuzivisa nzira yavakavhota nayo. Masangano eEx-ejot-eat conficte (E2E-V), yakadai seHelios kana kuti Protocom Renoubledisms, kugovera maritisiti anotsvaira anogona kuongororwa padare remiraundi. Kuwedzerazve, masangano anofanira kutora nguva dzose, anozvimirira kupfurikidza namapoka matatu akakwaniriswa. Manyuko ezvikamu zvinotsoropodza zvinofanira kuzarurwa kuti zviwanwe pachena, sezvinoitwa muSwitzerland, kudzivisa chinetso che "bhokisi rebhurootary programution.

Vatambi Vakawanda Vanoratidza Uye Vanoratidza Zvavanofanira Kuita

Voter haigoni kutsamira pamarekodhi okushandisa bedzi. Estonia inoshandisa kadhi rechip renyika inoda PIN; dzimwe nzira dzinobatanidza mabumbiro enguva imwe anotumirwa kupfurikidza neposi yakanyorwa, bimetric uchokwadi (nedziviriro dzakavanzika dzakasimba), kana kuti kuvhengana nemiitiro yezivikanwo yehurumende iripo yakadai seeID yeGermany kana kuti UK's GEV.UK Requet. Nzira inofanira kuwirirana nokuchengeteka nokushandiswa kwechinhu chakanyorwa neposi, kana kuchinyanyoshandiswa kuvhota, kana kuti kurasa muitiro wacho.

Kusvika Nokuronga Kwomunyika Yose

Zvikamu zvokuvhota paIndaneti zvinofanira kuwirirana neWCAG 2.1 AA mipimo miduku, kuva nechokwadi chokuwirirana navaravi vesikirini, keyboard, uye zvimwe zvishandiso zvinopinza. Kupfuudzira kuteererwa kwounyanzvi, kuedzwa nounyanzvi navanhu vakura vakasiyana- siyana(kubatanidza vanhu vakuru, vakaremara, uye vatauri vasiri vemifungo) vanoramba vari vakapfava, nomutauro wakajeka, mashoko echikanganiso anooneka, uye mano okuhwirudzura nokusimbisa zvisarudzo pamberi pokuzviisa pasi.

Kupera Kwemakwenzi Nokuvharwa Muropa Nengozi

Hapana chiremera chinofanira kukwira kubva papepa bedzi kusvikira pakuvhota bedzi paInternet munhevedzo yesarudzo imwe. Kurovedza kwakanakisisa kunobatanidza miedzo yakarongwa: kutanga nezvisarudzo zviduku, zvakaderera (nzanga yemochare, mibatanidzwa yavadzidzi) uchishandisa tsigiro inowirirana yepepa. Kushanda kwenhendo, kugutsikana kwomuvhoti, uye zviitiko zvokuchengeteka. Mutezo unotongedzerwa wakawanda unofanira kurangarirwa nokuda kwamakwikwikwi akakwirira. Crucily, Internet kusambotongova mutoo bedzi wokuisa nawo mubato webhoratomu-pekisi(a peji yepepa) nguva dzose unofanira kuramba uchiwanika kuti usapinda mumikwidzano.

Kunatsiridzwa Kunopfuurira uye Kugamuchira Kunoitika

Tyisidziro dzinoshanduka, naizvozvo dzinofanira kudzivirira. Vashandisi vegadziriro yokufambisa vanofanira kuva nechirongwa chakajeka chedavidza chinobatanidza kuziviswa nokukurumidza kwezviremera zvevavhoti vanowirirana, kubviswa kwechinguvana kwevhoti kana kuri madikanwa, uye kurukurirano inojekeswa kuruzhinji. Kuongorora kwePftiku inofanira kubudiswa, kutsanangura zvose, uye zviito zvokururamisa zvakaitwa. Vavariro yacho haisi gadziriro yakakwana, isingachinjiki isingagoni kuvapo (*) asi gadziriro inona kusimba inogona kucherekedza, uye kugadziriswa kubva mukundikano apo inochengeta chivimbo chavose.

Kutarira Mberi: Nguva Yemberi Yakaomeswa

Ufakazi hunokarakadza kuti kuvhota hakusati kuri chisarudzo chenzira mbiri pakati pokurera mwana asiri wako nokuramba. Panzvimbo pezvo, igadziriro yezvokushandisa zvinogona, kana zvichishandiswa nokuchengeteka kwakaoma, kusvikika, uye udzori hunooneka, zvinotsiva mitoo yegamuchidzanwa. Nzira inovimbisa zvikurusa iri mumienzaniso yemibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa yekombiyuta inopa vhoti sechisarudzo pakati pepepa, posi, uye foni, uye macomputer bolots, negadziriro dzokuongorora dzinovaka zvakasimba dzinovaka chivimbo kubva pasi zvichikwira. Sezvinoramba kufambira mberi kwemitengo yemitengo yenheve, kupupurira kucherekedzo iri kure, uye kuchengetedzwa kwemafoni nemhete yemite yengozi. Nokuti zvino, mamiriro ezvinhu echiuto rehurumende rinodzokororo akajeka zvakajeka: anofambira nokungwarira, asi haasati kurambira kuchenjera kunyora mubhodhi.