Basa Rematare Okutarisira Mukutonga Kwehurumende Yegutsaruzhinji

Hurumende dzinovimba negadziriro yecheki nedzikamo kuti dzidzivise kuiswa simba uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti mabasa ehurumende anobatira fariro yavose. Pakati pemiitiro inokosha zvikurusa yokuwana iyi nhevedzano matare outariri. Iyi mitumbi yakarovedzeka, inowanzovakwa mumasangano emitemo kana kuti akagadzwa, inoitwa basa nokuongorora, kuongorora, uye kutarisira bazu revakuru uye mamwe masangano avose. Basa rayo rinokosha kuti ichengete kujeka, kuzvidavirira, uye kuvimba nehurumende. Nyaya ino iongorora mabasa, kukosha, zvinetso, uye miitiro yakanakisisa yematare okutarisira muhurumende inotonga zvakanaka, ichishandisa mienzaniso inobva munyika yose.

Matare Anotarisira Chii?

Matare anotonga mapoka akarongwa,(anowanzoumbwa navaiti vemitemo, nyanzvi, kana kuti vakuru vakuru vakagadzwa) kuti kushandisa chiremera chine simba pamasangano ehurumende, mapurogiramu, uye ndyiko. Basa rawo guru nderokuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo inoshandiswa nenzira yokutendeka, mari yavose inoshandiswa zvakanaka, uye vakuru vakuru vanoita mukati memiganhu yavo yepamutemo neyetsika. Nepo mirairo yacho inosiana nenyika nesangano, matare anotarisira anogoverana donzo rimwe chetero: kuita kuti hurumende izvipiwe kuvanhu vainobatira.

Mavambo Nemhindumupindu

Murangariro woutariri hwemitemo unovambira kumavambo kumiitiro yeparamende yapakuvamba. MuUnited Kingdom, somuenzaniso, House of Commons yakavamba kushandisa matare akasarudzwa muzana ramakore rechi17 kunzvera nhau dzakati. Nokufamba kwenguva, aya masangano aidzorwa akachinja kuva matare akamira ane mitoro inopfuurira. MuUnited States, gadziriro yedare redare resangano rakarongwa yakarongwa mukuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi19, namatare akafanana neHouse Way Hows and Amater Committee kunzvera mitero nemari. Nhasi, matare anotarisira rutivi runokosha rwehurumende dzehurumende dzedemocracy zvikurusa dzinopfuurira, kubva kumasangano omunzvimbomo kusvikira kumaparamende enyika.

Mibato yeCore

Matare anotarisira anoita mabasa anoverengeka akabatana:

  • [[FT:0] Kuitwa kwemibato inoita kuti: Vanonzvera kuti mitemo nemitemo zvinoitwa sei, kuziva misiyano, kunonotsa, kana kuti kurongedza zvisina kururama.
  • [ Nzvero yemari: Vanonzvera mabhajeti, ndyiko, uye kunzvera kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti mari yavose inopedzerwa pamutemo uye nenzira inobudirira.
  • [ Kupomera: Apo tsvina, tsvina, kana kuti kubatwa zvisina kufanira zvinonyumwirwa, matare anogona kuitisa matare kunzwa, magwaro maduku, uye kudana zvapupu.
  • Kuyera zviito zvevakuru vakuru: Vanoyera kuita nezvisarudzo zvemasangano ehurumende, kazhinji kazhinji vachirumbidza nokuda kwokuvandudza.
  • Kuchinja mutemo: Zvavakawana zvinogona kunyandura mitemo mitsva kana kuti kuchinja kuvhara kana kuti kukurukura nhau dzinobuda.

Matare Anotarisira

Mitumbi inotarisirwa inouya nenzira dzakasiyana - siyana, imwe neimwe inokodzera mashoko akapoteredza akasiyana - siyana nevavariro.

Matare Anotonga Mitemo

Iwaya matare echigarire kana kuti echinguvana mukati meparamende kana kuti musangano. Akarongwa zvakapararira nenharaunda yemiitiro (g., utano, dziviriro, mari) uye anoumbwa nemitezo yeimba yomutemo. Mienzaniso inobatanidza Dare reHomeland Security and Governal Affairs Komiti yeU.S. kana kuti [[FLT]PULC] Komiti (PAC)[FLT] muUnited Kingdom. Dare remitemo kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji rine masimba akasimba kumanikidza chipupuriro namashoko akagoverwa. Kunyora kwavo kunogona kuva zvose zviri zviviri simba (kuedza) uye (kudenha kunyora giramupiti).

Vatarisiri Vanozvimirira

Mamwe mabasa okutarisira anopiwa mitumbi inoshanda kunze kwokudzorwa zvakananga nedare remitemo kana kuti vakuru vakuru. aya mabasa akazvimirira akagadzirirwa kusasarura uye kudzivirira padzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Mienzaniso inobatanidza:

  • Office yeMasarudzo (GAO) muUnited States, iyo inogovera kunzvera, kuyera, uye kunzvera kusangano.
  • Office yeOmbudsman munyika dzakawanda, iyo inonzvera zvichemo zvavagari vemo mukurwisana namasangano ehurumende.
  • Masangano anorwisana nouori, akadai se Commission Inoshanda zvinopesana neUori (ICAC) muHong Kong.

Masangano anozvimirira kazhinji kazhinji ane vashandi vanodzidzira uye murairo wenguva refu, achibvumira unyanzvi hwakadzama nokupfuurira.

Kuongorora Zvinhu Zvikuru

Masangano makurusa okunzvera, akadai se Office yeNational APPPUR (NAO) muUK kana kuti Cour des Comptes [ muFrance, anonangidzira ngwariro zvikurukuru pakunzvera mari nokushanda. Vanonzvera kana mapurogiramu ehurumende achisvitsa zvinangwa zvawo nenzira inobudirira uye inobudirira. Mishumo yawo inowanzoshandiswa nematare emitemo kuzivisa uye kurumbidza.

Mitumbi Yakaongororwa Chaiyo

Matare eAd hoc kana kuti masangano pane dzimwe nguva anoumbwa kunzvera njodzi dzakati kana kuti zvisakafanira. Somuenzaniso, Commission muU.S. yakaitwa kunzvera kundikano dzouchenjeri dzinotungamirira kudenho dzamagandanga. Mitumbi yakadaro inobviswa kwenguva pfupi uye yapambwa pashure pokubudisa mushumo wayo wokupedzisira.

Kukosha Kwematare Anotarisira Utongi Hworuzhinji

Matare anotarisira haasati achingovawo zvake mativi akaisvonaka; anotsigira utano hwegadziriro yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Kupengenutsa Kuona Zvakajeka

Kuona chitarisiko kunoda kuti zviito zvehurumende zvive zvinooneka uye zvinonzwisiswa kuvoruzhinji. Matare anotonga anoita izvi kupfurikidza nokuita dare rokutonga kwavose, kubudisa mishumo, uye kurumbidza. Apo dare rinonzvera sangano rinokundikana kana kuti muitiro unomutsa miitiro yokuita zvisarudzo ingaramba yakavanzika. Uku kujeka kunodzivisa vagari vemo kukuvanza uye kunopa simba rokuita kuti vatungamiriri vavo vazvidavirire. Somuenzaniso, U.S Komiti yepaimba yeToversity ne Reformation nguva dzose inochengeta kunzwa kwakajeka kusingajekedzeki kunounza nhau dzakadai sokunyora mishonga kana kuti kudzosera magetsi kudzosera maziso avanhu.

Kudzivisa Nokuwana Uori

Uori hunowanda mumhedziso. Matare anotarisirwa anoshanda sechidziviso chakavimbika kupfurikidza nokuvamba tyisidziro inobvira yokufukunurwa. Kupfurikidza nokunzvera, kunzvera, uye chipupuriro, vanogona kuwana chiokomuhomwe, kukwirirana kwemhindu. ICAC muHong Kong , somuenzaniso, yakarumbidzwa nokuderedza zvikuru uori mumapurisa nebasa ravagari vemo kupfurikidza nokunzvera kwakarongwa. Kunyange apo kunzvera kunotungamirira kukwirira, bvirowo zvayo yokunzvera inokurudzira vakuru kunamatira kumipimo yetsika.

Kukurudzira Kuvimba Nevanhu

Kuvimba nehurumende kunopera apo vagari vemo vanonzwisisa kuti vakuru vakuru havaverengeki. Vatarisiri vanoratidza kuti hapana munhu ari pamusoro pomutemo, kuti kunyange vakuru vakuru vemasangano vane simba zvikuru vanogona kudanwa kuti vatsanangure zviito zvavo. Uku kuzvidavirira kunobetsera kuchengeta nzanga nekodzero. A 20211 inoitwa ne CD CD], kana kutarisirwa kusina simba, kunyengera uye kuparadzira.

Kuvandudza Kubudirira Kwemitemo

Kudzora hakusati kuri bedzi pamusoro pechirango; kuriwo pamusoro pokudzidza. Matare anogona kuziva zvinoshanda nezvisingashandiswi, kugovera mhinduro inokosha kuvandudza mabasa avose. Somuenzaniso, GAO nguva dzose inopa mishumo pamusoro penhau dzakadai semhinduro yengwavaira kana kuti tarisiro youtano, achipa rumbidzo dzakasimba idzo masangano anogona kushandisa. Kuvandudza uku kunopfuurira kunobetsera hurumende kugadziridza migariro inochinja ndokudzivisa zvikanganiso.

Matambudziko Anokosha Avanotarisana Nematare Anotarisira

Pasinei nebasa rawo rinokosha, matare anotarisira anowanzoedza kuita zvaanenge arayira kuti abudirire.

Kupindira Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika Nechikwata Chevarwi

Mumasangano akawanda edare, mitezo yedare inotorwa mubato rinotonga kana kuti mubatanidzwa, uyo unogona kuparira rwisano dzefariro. Mitezo yebato yavakuru ingazengurira kunzvera hurumende yavo vamene, ichitya kutsauka mune zvamatongerwe enyika. Nenzira yakapesana, mitezo mishomanene yebato ingashandisa kunzwa nokuda kwokumira kwavakuru kunzvimbo panzvimbo youtariri hwechokwadi. Uku kuoma kunogona kuvaita kuti vashaye simba kana kuti kuvaita kuti vave nzvimbo dzehondo dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Mudzimwe nyika, masangano anozvimirira angatarisana nedzvinyiriro yavakuru vakuru vanoedza kuzvidza, kuvafuratira, kana kuti kuvarongedza navakuru vakuru vehurumende vakavimbika.

Mazano Okushandisa Mari

Kutarisira kwakakwana kunoda vashandi vane unyanzvi, mari yakakwana, uye nguva yakakwana. Bva matare akawanda anoshanda nemari yakaganhurirwa namapoka maduku. dare rimwe ringafanira kuongorora masangano akawanda. Kutonga kwokusainwa kunoda unyanzvi hwepamutemo, dare rezvemari, uye vaongorori vemitengi vemazita avo vanowanzova vashoma. Somuuyo, matare angavimba nemhesano dzenharo kana kuti kuisa ngwariro panhau dzakakwirira, kusara kwenzvimbo dzakawanda dzisina kudzorwa. [FLT:] Dare rePUPUPU] rePUPUSCU]

Kushaikwa Kwamasimba Anomanikidzirwa

Mumasangano ehurumende, vatarisiri vebazi vanowanzodzora zvirongwa zvemitemo, mishumo yetarisiro inogona kutevedzerwa. Matare angada kuvimba nedzvinyiriro yavose kana kuti ngwariro yezvinobudisa nhau kuti amanikidze kutevedzera, izvo zviri muitiro usina kutendeka.

Kusakendenga Kworuzhinji Nengwariro Yezvinobudisa Nhau

Basa rokutarisira kazhinji kazhinji rine udzame uye rounyanzvi, kuchikuita kuti kuve kunofadza kuvanhu kupfuura mashoko ezvamatongerwe enyika anoshamisa zvikuru. Somugumisiro, kutonga kwedare kungasacherekedzwa, kuchideredza tapuro dzakwo dzokudzivisa. Apo zvinobudisa nhau zvinofukidza kutarisira, zvinokombamira kunangidzira ngwariro pauchapupu hunonyandura panzvimbo pezviwanwa zvemitemo. Ikoku kunogona kukurudzira matare kuisa chiono pamusoro pezvinhu. Kupfuurirazve, kusakendenga kwavanhu kunoreva kuti pane sundo duku yechisarudzo nokuda kwavaiti vemitemo yokushandisa nguva mukutarisira.

Kuoma Kunzwisisa Kwehurumende Yazvino Uno

Mabasa ehurumende yanhasi akakura uye akaoma kunzwisisa, anobatanidza masangano akawanda, zvivako, uye maumbirwe ehurumende. Matare edare rekomupiyuta anofanira kurwisana nenhau dzakafanana nesocialsecritial Office, kugovera nhevedzano yezvisakiso, uye chinjo yemamiriro okunze dzinoda zivo chaiyo. Pasina kukwanisa kupa zano kana kuti ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, matare angarwisa kuti anzwisise mapurogiramu aitarisirwa. U.S.Corganizaonational Dhanganization Office yebharency Office inogovera kunzvera kusingashandisiwi, asi masangano akawanda anoshaiwa tsigiro yakaenzana.

Kuongorora Zviratidzo Zvematare Anotarisira Anobudirira

Kunzvera izvi kubudirira kunogovera zvidzidzo zvokusimbisa kuzvidavirira.

Office yeHurumende yeUnited States Inozvidavirira (GAO)

GAO inowanzonzi “munzveri weIndaneti.” Inoita mazana emishumo gore rimwe nerimwe pamusoro penhau dzinovambira pakuwana zvehondo kusvikira kuutano hwavanhu vose. Basa raGAO rakatungamirira kumabhiriyoni amadhora mukuchengetedzwa nokuvandudzwa kwemibato yehurumende. Somuenzaniso, zvinyorwa zvaro zveDhipatimendi reDefense reFinofetics revhura madrudentimes mugadziriro dzezvombo, zvinonyandura chinjo. Kuzvimirira kwaGO, vashandi vanodzidzira, uye mukurumbira murefu nokuda kwokusanzvera kunoitwa nehurumende zvinokuita muenzaniso wedzimwe nyika ([[FLT:]GA] Squotletio [FLT]]]).

Dare Reakaunzi Dzavose reUnited Kingdom (PAC)

PCA nderimwe ramatare ane simba zvikurusa muParamende yeBritain. Inogara nenhengo inoshora, inoongorora kushandiswa nokukosha kwehurumende nokuda kwemari. Kunzwa kwayo inhau dzevoruzhinji uye kazhinji kazhinji inova misoro mikuru apo vakuru vakuru vamadhipatimendi makuru vanovhundutswa. Mishumo yePAC yakachinja zvinhu zvose kubva kumipimo yokuchenesa chipatara kusvikira kukubudirira kwemitero. Kubudirira kwayo kunonzi kunoparirwa nokusvika kwayo kusingatsigiri mari, kungwa noufakazi, uye kusvika kunyanzvi yeNational Adiccosting Office.

Independent Commission Against Uori (ICAC) yeHong Kong

Yakagadzwa muna 1974, ICAC yakashandura Hong Kong kubva muchaunga chakazadzwa noushati kusvikira kune imwe yendima dzenyika dzine uori huduku. Inoshanda pasina donzo rehurumende uye ine masimba akasimba okunzvera, kusungwa, uye kupomera. ICAC inosimbisawo kudzivirira nedzidzo yenzanga. Rubudiriro rwayo runoratidzira kuti mitumbi inotarisira ine kuzvimirira kwapachokwadi uye mipiro inogona kuwana chinjo.

Vamiririri Veparamende veSweden

Gadziriro yeSweden yemhondi, inovambira shure kusvikira kuna 1809, inogovera vagari vemo mukoto wakananga wokunyunyuta pamusoro poutariri husina kunaka hwehurumende. Vatumi vanogona kunzvera, kutsoropodza, uye kurumbidza chinjo dzemiitiro. Mishumo yavo inorangarirwa zvakakomba namasangano nemabasa. Uyu muenzaniso wakatevedzerwa munyika yose uye unoratidza kuti tarisiro haisati ichida matare emitemo nguva dzose. "Nguva yokutonga) inodzorwa inogona kuva inoshandawo zvikuru.

Kusimbisa Matare Anotarisira: Kukurudzira

Kuti dziwedzere mipiro yematare anotarisira, hurumende uye nzanga dzehurumende dzinofanira kufunga nezvezvinenge zvachinja:

  • kuzvimirira kwokupa rusundo: Kudzivirira mitezo yedare pakutsiva kwezvamatongerwe enyika kupfurikidza nokuvimbisa kuva nenzvimbo yakachengeteka nebhajeti yakakwana. Masangano eIndependent anofanira kudzivirirwa padzongonyedzo yavakuru vakuru.
  • Zviwanikwa:[ Ivesti muvashandi, ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uye nyanzvi dzinopa michina. Matare anoda kusvikwa kumashoko anonzvera, kubhadharwa kwetsananguro, uye tsigiro yapamutemo kuita hwirudzuro dzakasano.
  • Kujeka: Kubudisa mishumo yose nenhepfenyuro dzinonzwa paIndaneti. Kuda masangano kupindura pachena kurumbidzo dzedare mukati mefiremu yenguva yakatarwa.
  • [[FOLT:0] Kuvimbisana kwapachena: Shandisa mashoko akapfava nezvinobudisa nhau kuti uzivise. Kurudzira kuzviisa pasi kwevagari vemo nedziviriro dzeridzo.
  • Tsinhirano yechipiyaniso: inogadza muitiro wokusatarisira, zvichida kupfurikidza nezvigaro zvedare zvinochinjana pakati pevoruzhinji nemitezo inoshora kana kuti kuraira zvigaro zvikuru nokuda kwezviito zvakati.
  • Simbisai kutevera mibato: Tsvaka miganhu yokuita uye inoda mishumo yefambiro mberi. Matare anesimba kuisa zvirango nokuda kwokusawirirana, zvakadai sebhajeti inotonhora.

mhedziso

Matare anotonga haasati ari masangano okuwedzera okusasarudza muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu; iwo masangano anokosha nokuda kwokuzvidavirira. Kupfurikidza nokunzvera mabasa ehurumende, kudzivirira uori, uye kusimudzira chivimbo chavanhu, anobetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti simba rinoshandiswa nenzira ine mufungo. Nepo zvinetso zvakadai sedzongonyedzo yezvamatongerwe enyika, kushaikwa kwepfuma, uye kusakendenga kwavanhu zvichiramba zvichipfuurira, mienzaniso yeGO, PC, ICAC, uye ombudssss ichiratidza kuti kutarisira kunobudirira kunobvira. Kusimbisa aya masangano kupfurikidza nokuzvimirira, zvinhu, uye kujeka hakusati kuchizobetsera masangano bedzi asi vagari vomunyika avo vanoshanda. Munhambo yokuoma kunzwisisa nokusadavika kuhurumende, kutarisira kunokosha zvikuru kupfuura nakare nokuda kwoutano hwenzanga dzehurumende.