Chinjo yemamiriro okunze inopa denho yokukurumidzira, uye nepo nhamburiko dzamarudzi ose nehurumende kazhinji kazhinji dzichidzora misoro mikuru, hurumende muUnited States yose dzakabuda semarabhoratori okuvandudza nechiito. Nehurumende yehurumende pane dzimwe nguva yakarongedzwa kana kuti kuchinjwa kwemifungo yezvemari, nyika dzakawanda dzakawedzera kuratidzira miitiro inoderedza kubudiswa kwegasi rinodziya rinopisa, dzichikurumidzisa kuchinja kuchinja kwokuchinja kwesimba, uye kuumba kusimba kurwisana nokudziya kwepasi. Nhambudzo idzi hadzisi dzokufananidzira chete; dziri kuita miuyo inotanhanhamari, kuparira mikana yezve zvoupfumi, uye kugovera mienzaniso iyo dzimwe nyika dzinotonzi (na dzwuduku) dzinotevera sei. Nyaya iyi inonzvera kuti mamiriro okunze emamiriro okunze enzvimbo dzemitemo, okudzikamisa, okudzosera upfumi, uye maturusi, nyika chaiyo inokwidza nyika yose youtungamiriri munyika yose.

California: Makumi Emakore Akatanga Kushanda Mumitemo Yemamiriro Okunze

California yakagadza nhano nokuda kwechiito chemamiriro okunze muUnited States. Mitemo yenyika inovakirwa pahwaro hwekuderedzwa kwezvinoshatisa zvechisimba, gadziriro dzemisika itsva, uye kuziva mhoteredzo kwakarovera zvikuru. Mupasi peCalifornia Global Hotung Solutions Act ya 2006 (AB 32), nyika yakatanga gadziriro yakakwana yokuderedza kubudiswa kwegasi rinodzisa musha kusvikira kumwero wa1990 panosvika 202020, nharidzano yaisangana namakore mana . Chifo chapa California yakawedzerazve, neDare Bill 32 rakaronga chipfuro cha 40% pasi pemwero ya19909 kusvika pa2030, uye nhevedzano yokusatora rutivi rwecarbon panosvika 2045.

Kutanga Kunokosha

Pasinei noutungamiriri hwayo, California inotarisana nezvinetso, kusanganisira mari yakawanda yemagetsi, ngozi dzinopisa dzinokonzerwa nokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, uye kudiwa kwokuva nechokwadi chokuti nzanga dzinogara dzichikwanisa kuchengetedzwa dzinokwanisa kuwanikwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, mitemo yadzo inoramba ichishanda semutevedzeri wedzimwe nyika nenyika.

New York: Kudzikamisa Kuda Kuita Zvemamiriro Okunze Nokuwedzera Kwemari

New York State yakatora nzira ine chinzvimbo chakafanana, yakadzorwa neClimate Leadership and Community Protection Act (CLCPA) ya2019(imwe yemitemo yomugariro wokunze ine hasha zvikurusa munyika. CLCPA inoraira kuderedzwa kwe40% kwegasi rinodziyisa mhepo inodziyisa kubva muna 1990 pa2030, kuderera kwe 85% ne2050, uye kuderera kwematava nokuda kwemari yose. Zvineiwirira, mutemo unobatanidzawo gadziriro dzakasimba dzeruramisiro yemhoteredzo, ichida kuti nzanga dzinoshaiwa dziwane 35 /40% yebetsero kubva pakuiswa kwesimba rakachena.

Kutanga Kunokosha

  • Chitsigiso chesimba chinenge chamuchinjirazve: New York iri kuvaka nzvimbo hurusa yemhepo yenyika iri kure nemhenderekedzo, ine zvirongwa zvakadai seSouth Fork Wind neEmpire Wind zvaikarira kugadzira zviuru zvemamegawatts. Hurumende yacho yakatangawo kukumbira nyika nokuda kwezuva nemhepo, ichinangidzira 70% yemagetsi anovandudzwa pa2030.
  • Kuvaka Decarbon: Guta reNew York roga rine zvivako zvinopfuura miriyoni, zvinoparira kubudisa kwaro kunenge mativi maviri nezvikamu zviviri. Dare reClimate Action Council rakakarakadza gadziriro yokubvisa chivako chikuru, kubatanidza nhevedzano yemagetsi yakavandudzwa, kupisa kupomba hembe, uye kupisa kwemafuta. New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSADA) inopa zvirongwa zvokubetsera vatengi namabhizimisi kuvandudza kupisa nokudziya kwemagetsi.
  • Hurumende iri kuzivisa gadziriro yayo yokufambisa yavose, kubatanidza njanji dzinofamba neMetropolitan Transportation Authority yebhazi. Chirongwa cheCongestion Pricing muManhattan / rudzi rwayo rwokutanga muU.S.h.h.h.chirongwa chokuderedza motokari nepo ichiita mari yekuvandudza nokuchenesa mhepo.
  • Justice Monitor Group: Rinoumbwa neCLCPA, iri boka rinovimbisa kuti mitemo yemamiriro okunze anogadzirwa ndokushandiswa nemuuyo unobva munzanga dzinotapurwa zvikurusa nokushatisa nenjo yemamiriro okunze. Nzanga dzinoshata dzinoiswa mugadziriro dzakachena dzesimba, rovedzo yebasa, uye mari.

Chishoro chinobva kumamwe mapoka ebhizimisi neitiro hanya pamusoro pendyiko zvakaderedza zvinhu zvakati, asi gadziriro yeNew York inoramba iri chimwe chezvizhinjisa munyika. Explare purani yemamiriro okunze yeNew York paIndaneti.

Washington: Chitendero Kumagetsi Akachena uye Carbon Pricing

Washington State yabatanidza mirairo yakachena yesimba necarbon primed kuderedza kubudiswa kwemagetsi. The Clean Energy Transformation Act (CETA) ya2019 inoda kuti zvinhu zvose zvemagetsi zvinoshandiswa kubvisa magetsi anopfuta namarasha panosvika 2025, zvive zviri green-neutral panosvika 2030, uye zvinogovera 100% inomutsidzirwa kana kuti magetsi eheroboni panosvika 2045.

Kutanga Kunokosha

  • Carbon Pricing:[[FLT] Washington’s Climate Confidence Act (CCA), yapfuura muna 2021, yakatanga chirongwa chekapisi nechapakati chinofukidza kubudisa kukuru. Kupfumisa kwepurogiramu yacho kuri kuganhurirwa, nokupfuurira kumabasa esimba rakachena, utano hwesango, uye kusimba kwenzanga. Mugore rayo rokutanga, purogiramu yakakwira mabhiriyoni $.5.
  • Hurumende yakaisa chipfuro chemotokari dzamagetsi 800 000 pakasvika 2030 uye iri kuvaka chikwata chinoraira. “Chwenga” chirongwa chinopa mari inodzorwa inosvika $5 000 nokuda kwokutenga kwakaderera vagari vemo vanotenga maEV.
  • Natural Climate Resolutions: Washington iri kuisa mari muutano hwesango, kuderedzwa kwengozi yemoto, uye kuiswa kwecarbon panzvimbo dzokushanda. Dhipatimendi reHurumende reNatural Resources rakagadza nharidzano yokudzorera nokuchengetedza maeka ane mirioni imwe yesango panosvika 2030.
  • [[[NHAU]] Mutongi wendangariro Mubato weChiteshi cheProfence Toxis:[[FL: 1] The Healthy mhoteredzo yaAll (HEL) Mutemo unoda masangano ehurumende kubatanidza ruramisiro yemhoteredzo mukuita kwavo chisarudzo uye kugovera betsero kunzanga dzinoremerwa zvikuru.

Zvisinei, CCA yakatarisana nenhamburiko yakasanonatswa muna 2023 (I-2117), kunyange zvazvo vavhoti vakatsigira zvishoma purogiramu muna November 2024, vachiratidzira tsigiro yavose inopfuurira nokuda kwokupa magetsi pasinei zvapo nendyiko pamusoro pendyiko. Kurava zvakawanda pamusoro peClimate Confinity Act.

Colorado: Kuzvinyima, Kubira Magetsi Kunzira Yokuchenesa Naro

Colorado, nyika inoparadzira simba neoiri negasi zvinoshanda, kunyange zvakadaro yazova mutungamiriri akatanhamara mumuitiro wesimba rakachena. Kubatanidza kwehurumende kunoitwa kutsidzira kutsva kworumano nemipimo yakagadzirirwa kutsigira vashandi nenzanga mukuchinja.

Kutanga Kunokosha

  • Chikamu chinenge chava kugadziriswa: Vavhoti veColorado vakatanga kupfuudza mupimo wemagetsi unomutsidzirwa muna 2004. Nhasi, nyika inoda midziyo yemagetsi yavekuchengetera kuti ibudise 100% magetsi akachena panosvika 2050. Xcel Energy, chishandiso chikurusa cheColorado, chiri pakuronda kuti uwane muvhenganiswa wecarbon wakaisvonaka we80% panosvika 2030.
  • Greakhouse Gas Reduction Roadmap: Gavhuna Jared Polis akabudisa gadziriro ine udzame muna 2021 ine donzo remari rapasi ra2005 re 26% neremwero 2025 uye 50% pa2030. Rongedzero inobatanidza zvirongwa zvechikamu zvechokufambisa, zvivako, indasi, uye kushandiswa kwenzvimbo.
  • Kungoshandura kubva kuCoal: Colorado yakaisa mitemo yokutsigira nzanga navashandi vakatapurwa nedzinovharwa nenzvimbo dzemarasha. Just Transiction Action Plan inopa mari yokurovedza basa, kurongedza mune zvemari, uye kufambira mberi kwenzanga munharaunda dzakavakwa nemarasha dzakafanana neWestern Slope.
  • Kugamuchirwa kwavabereki vasiri vavo: Colorado inopa chikwereti chemari yemari inosvika $5 000 nokuda kwokutenga kweEV, uye hurumende iri kuwedzera gadziriro dzinoshandiswa kupfurikidza neGPRE Mberi yeColorado. Hurumende inovavarira kuva namaEV ane 940,000 pamugwagwa panosvika 2030.

Kuchinja kwematongerwe enyika kweColorado kwakabvumira kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, kunyange zvazvo kusagadzikana kuchiripo kupfuura nguva yokubvisa utachiona uye basa regasi rinogayiwa nemhepo.

Oregon: Yakagadzirwa Nevavakidzani Vayo Asi Inonyora Nzira Yayo Yoga

Oregon ave ari mutungamiriri wemhoteredzo kwenguva refu, asi miitiro yayo yemamiriro okunze pane dzimwe nguva yakadzongonyedzwa nemitemo uye kubuda kweRepublican mudare rehurumende.

Kutanga Kunokosha

  • [FLT Action Program: Muna 2023], Oregon Legislature yapfuura HB 3409, iyo yakabatanidza Gavhuna Kate Brown 2020. Mutemo unoisa nzvimbo dzinoderedza greenhouse gasi rinodziyisa (45% pasi pa 1990 mwero ye2035 neureyi-zero panosvika 2050) uye unoraira masangano ehurumende kushandisa mitemo yedivi rimwe, kubatanidza kepisi inodzikira pakubudisa mhepo huru.
  • Created Energy Transition: Oregon inoda kuti 100% yemagetsi inotengeswa ibviswe kumanyuko akachena panosvika 2040, ine zvipfuro. Hurumende imusha kuzviwiso zvemhepo zvikuru muColumbia Gorge uye iri kukudza kuchengeteka kwezuva nebhatiri.
  • Wildd ne Forest Health: Yakapiwa mwaka yemoto wemoto unoparadza weOregon, nyika yakashandisa zvikuru mukudzorerwa kwesango, kupiswa, uye gadziriro dzemota dzinodzorwa. Oregon Department of Forestry’s Wildry’s Fireat Programs kuvavarira kuderedza mitoro yemafuta nokudzivirira mvura.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ruramisiro yezvendangariro: The Oregon Climate Justice Program (HB 4077) inoisa mipimo yemari yokutenga mari munzanga dzakabatira munhau njodzi yokushatisa, kubatanidza nzanga dzemadzinza, nharaunda dzomumaruwa, uye nharaunda dzakaderera dzinowanikwa.

Nhamburiko dzaOregon dzinowanzoenzaniswa nedzaWashington, asi hurumende yakafamba nokungwarira zvikuru pakugadzira carbon, panzvimbo pezvo ichinangidzira ngwariro pamitoo yokudzora. hondo dzinopfuurira dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzichasarudza kana Oregon ichigona kutsigira simba rayo.

Massachusetts: Kubatanidza Mhepo Yemhenderekedzo Yegungwa Nemagumo Ane Simba

Massachusetts yakatanga kare kare kare kare kwokutungamirira mamiriro okunze, kutanga neGlobal Honging Solutions Act ya2008, yaida kuti pazosvika 2020 nyika ideredze kubudisa zvinhu zvishoma kubva pa25% kusvika pa2020 (ichi chinangwa chakaitwa nehurumende isati yaronga nguva). Kubvira ipapo, nyika yacho yave ichinyanya kutsvaga vanhu vakawanda uye kuputsa zvirongwa zvepachivande.

Kutanga Kunokosha

  • Mhepo yemhenderekedzo yegungwa: Massachusetts yakanga iri nyika yokutanga kubvumira kukwira kwemhepo kupfurikidza ne 2016 Energy Diversity Act. Vineyard Wind 1 (zvino ibasa) chirongwa chokutanga chezvokutengeserana papurazi remhepo muU.S., kubudisa magetsi akakwana nokuda kwemisha 400 000. Hurumende yakaita chibvumirano nokuda kwezvimwe zvirongwa, kubatanidza Commonwent Wind Wind naMayFlower.
  • Mirairo Inodzivisira: Kugadziridzwa kweGWSA muna 2021 (Chiito Kugadzira Gwara Rinotevera reChikamu cheMassachusetts Climate Policy) chinogadza mabhii matsva: 50% pasi pa 1990 mwero pa 2030, 75% pa2040, uye nenezuro pa 2050.
  • Kushanda kusina kunaka: Misa Save, chirongwa chemichina inoshandiswa, inopa zvikwereti, mabhaindi, uye kufarirwa kwakaderera zvikurusa nokuda kwemibato yokugara nokuwedzera kwezvokutengeserana. Purogiramu yakaponesa vatengi mundyiko dzemagetsi nepo ichideredza kubudiswa kwemagetsi.
  • Kuvaka Decarbon: Massachusetts ari kufambisa bumbiro remitemo rokuvaka re 10 tarbon, uye Dhipatimendi reEnergy Resources rehurumende riri kutanga bumbiro resimba rinorebesa iro raizoda kuva chivako chitsva chefoweeri isina magetsi munzvimbo dzakawanda.

Ndyiko dzedzimba nokusimudzwa kwegasi romusikirwo zvinoramba zviri nhau dzinokakavadzana, asi Massachusetts anopfuurira kuratidzira kuti chiito chomugariro wokunze chinogona kufamba pamwe chete nepfuma yakasimba. [[FLT: 0] Wana udzame kubva kuMassachusetts Change Climate Office[[FLT: 1]].

Kuchinja Munyika Dzinochinjika: Florida neTexas

Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nyika dzichinyanya kukoshesa kuderedza kubudiswa kwemafuta, dzimwe dzacho dzinonyanya kukanganiswa nemamiriro okunze, uye dzinonyanya kunetseka nokuchinja - chinja zvinhu.

Florida: Zvinobvisa Mumiitiro Mumamiriro Egungwa

Florida yemhenderekedzo yegungwa, urefu hwakaderera, uye kuratidzirwa kumadutu kunoiita kuti ive imwe yenyika dzinodzorwa nemamiriro okunze zvikurusa munyika. Bva hurumende yayo yave ichinonoka kutora mitemo inoderedza kubudisa kwoutsinye, kazhinji kazhinji ichitaura nezvehurumende dzomunzvimbomo. Kunyange zvakadaro, nhamburiko huru dzinochinja dzinoitika.

  • Kuronga: Hofisi yeFlorida yeResilience neFoast Devision yakaumbwa muna 2019 kutsinhiranisa mhinduro dzenzvimbo yepasi pegungwa kukukwira kwegungwa, kukwira kwedutu, uye mafashamo. Hurumende yakapedzera mari inopfuura mabhiriyoni $5 (Z $1666) muzvirongwa zvokuzvitsigira, kubatanidza migwagwa yakakwirira, zviteshi zvepo, uye mahombekombe mapenyu.
  • Releader:[[FLT 1] Maguta akafanana naMiami, Fort Lauderdale, uye Tampa ari kuvandudza ari oga. Miami Beach yakasimudza migwagwa, yakaisa pombi huru, uye yaida zvivako zvitsva kubatanidza matanho anodzivirira mafashamo. Miami-Dade County ine mutezo mukuru weSea Levery Rise Strategy.
  • Energy inomutsidzirwa: Florida parisina mupimo unomutsidziro wenyika yose, simba rezuva riri kukura nokukurumidza nemhaka yokuderera kwendyiko neshandiswo yemari. Duke Energy Florida na Florida Power & Light zvakazvipira kukukura kwezuva kunokosha.
  • [[FLT: 0] Insurence Reformation: Florida iri kurwisana nemwero yeinishuwarenzi yezvinhu iri kukwira zvikuru nemhaka yengozi yedutu yakawedzerwa. Hurumende yapfuura chinjo kudzikamisa musika uye iri kutsvaka nzira dzokuwedzera nadzo misha inotakura mukurwisana nekuvadziko yemhepo.

Kutanga kweFlorida kugona kuchinja kunogona kushanda semuenzaniso wedzimwe nyika dziri kumhenderekedzo, asi vatsoropodzi vanoti kana pasina kuderedza kubuda kwemvura, kukwanisa kuchinja chete hakuzokwanisi.

Texas: Kuwedzera Kusingaenzaniswi Kwesimba Rakachena reLone Star State

Texas yakakurumbira nokuda kweindasitiri yayo yeoiri negasi, asi ndiyowo mutungamiriri wenyika musimba remhepo uye musika wezuva uri kukurumidza kukura.

  • Simba reWind: Texas ine magigawt 40 emhepo yakaisirwa, kupfuura imwe nyika ipi neipi. Compitive Rewitive Reewinduve Energy Zoners (CREZ) inopfuudzwa, yakavakwa pakati pa 2008 na 2014, yakanga iri bhizimisi rapamberi pedu, raivhura bviro huru yemhepo muWest Texas.
  • Kukura kwezuva: Utachiona hwezuva muTexas hwakawedzera mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, huchidzorwa nendyiko dzinodonha uye mitsetse yakazvimirira yenyika (ERCOT). Muna 2023, zuva rinowana inenge 8% yesimba reERCOT, uye simba rinokarirwa kupetwa kaviri pa2027.
  • Tsaona ne GRID Relication: Dutu rechando rakaparira kurasika kwakapararira kwakasimbisa kuvandika kwemaspirit kumugariro wokunze wakakomba. Mumhinduro, Legislation yeTexas yakapfuudza chinjo dzinoda kuchinjwa kwenzvimbo dzemagetsi uye kudikanwa kuri nani kwokudeya kutaura. Kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze zvino rutivi runokosha rwekuronga mitsetse.
  • Hurumende-Dome reNdenge:[[FLT 1] Pasinei zvapo nokukura kwesimba rinomutsidzirwa, Texas haina kuderedzwa kwegwenya revhu rinopisa renyika uye utungamiriri hwaro hunopfuurira kutsigira mafuta anobva muvhu. Zvisinei, maguta akadai seHouston, Austin, uye Dallas akatanga zvirongwa zvinokosha zvemamiriro okunze, uye masangano akawanda (kubatanidza magorofa eoiri) akagadza nharidzano dzetavata yemasero nokuda kwebasa ravo.

Zvisinei, kushaikwa kwokuronga kuwiriraniswa kwakabatana uye kutsamira kunopfuurira kwehurumende pagasi romusikirwo kunosimbisa kusagadzikana kunovapo muupfumi hwezvicherwa zvinotsamira pazvirimwa.

Mugumisiro: Zvinonyanya Kukosha Kuitwa neHurumende

Mienzaniso iri pamusoro apa inoenzanisira kuti hurumende dzehurumende hadzisati dzichimirira zvikumbiro zvehurumende kuti dziite chiito pakuchinja kwemamiriro okunze. Kuvambira pagadziriro yecapy netrade yakakwana yeCalifornia kusvikira kugadziriro yecarbon yakashinga yeWashington, kubva kuinjo yokuchinja kuende kubudiriro dzemhepo dzeMassachusetts dziri kure nemhenderekedzo, hurumende dziri kubvumikisa kuti chiito chomugariro wokunze hachisati chichibvira bedzi asiwo chinobetserawo mune zvemari. Iyi miraudzo iri kuita zviuru zvamabasa esimba rakachena, ichiponesa mari yavatengi pamaripi emagetsi, uye kuderedza kushatisa mhepo inoshatisa mhepo iyo inotapura zvikuru nzanga dzoruvaradziko.

Bva nzira inoenda mberi haisati iri isina mhinganidzo. Kudzorwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika, kubviswa pafariro dzakakosha, uye mwero mukuru wechinjo unodikanwa unoreva kuti fambiro mberi inowanzova isina kufanira. Mitezo yakafanana neFlorida neTexas inoratidza kuti kuva mutevedzeri wokupesvedzera kunogona kusunda kuchinjika kunyange apo mitemo yemitemo yehurumende inoramba ichiderera. Munguvayo, kubudirira kwemitemo yenzvimbo yehurumende kunowanzotsamira pamhoteredzo yakanaka yehurumende inodzoresa mipimo yemotokari yeCalifornia kana kuti chikwereti chemitero nokuda kwesimba rinomutsidzira.

Sezvo kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kunowedzera zvikuru, mwaka wemvura inopisa zvikuru, kusanaya kwemvura kukuru, uye mafashamo anoparadza mafashamo, zvichatonyanya kuoma. Nyika dzakawanda dzakatoratidza kuti vavariro dzemamiriro okunze anokosha dzinogona kugadziridzwa uye kukurumbira. Makore gumi anotevera achasarudza kana kuedza uku kugona kukurumidza kugadziriswa kuti kugadziridzwa kwemamiriro okunze. Pakupedzisira, kukwanisa kweUnited States kugadzirisa kuchinja mamiriro okunze kuchatsamira zvikuru pakuchinja kunoramba kuchiitwa, kupfuurira, uye kubatana kwehurumende dzayo.