Hurumende kupota nyika yose dzakarongwa mumibatanidzwa, imwe neimwe ine mabasa nemabasa akarondedzerwa. Kunzwisisa izvi zvikamu zvinokosha kunzwisisa kuti muitiro wavose unoitwa sei uye kuti mabasa anosvika sei vagari vemo. Mumitemo yakafanana neUnited States, simba rinokamuraniswa pakati porudzi, nyika, uye nzvimbo. Iri boka, rinozivikanwa sehurumende, rinoumba dzikamo ine simba guru apo mwero mumwe nomumwe une masimba awo, mimwe yacho yakatsaurwa uye mimwe inogoverana. Nokuongorora mienzaniso chaiyo yemasimba ehurumende pamitengo yakasiyana - siyana, vagari vemo vanogona kushandisa zvakanaka kodzero dzavo, misengwaro, uye mabanza okuitawo matoo. Nyaya inopa mukana wokuita kuti vasarumbidzwe nesimba rakakura.

Masimba eHurumende Yomunzvimbomo

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo — kubatanidza maovhatarian, maturazi, mataundikishi, uye maruwa chaiwo — dziri pedyosa navanhu. masimba adzo anowanzopiwa nebumbiro remitemo rehurumende kana kuti mirau, uye dzinoshandisa chiremera pamusoro penhau dzinotapura zvakananga upenyu hwezuva nezuva. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzine mutoro wemabasa akawanda anoumba nzanga uye anochengeta mabasa anokosha.

Kufudza uye Nyika Zvinoshandisa Kufuridza

Rimwe ramasimba omunzvimbomo anooneka zvikurusa isimba rokudzora kushandiswa kwenyika kupfurikidza nemirairo yokuvaka. Iyi mitemo inosarudza kana munda unogona kushandiswa nokuda kwokugara, zvokutengeserana, maindasitiri, kana kuti kurima. Kudzorwa kunodzorawo kuvaka nzvimbo dzakakwirira, ukuru, uye mhinganidzo. Somuenzaniso, basa rokuronga romunzvimbomo ringabvumira kutangwa kwedzimba itsva pashure bedzi pokuva nechokwadi chokuvakwa kwakakwana kwezvivako nenzvero yemhoteredzo. Iri simba rinobetsera kudzora kukura kweguta, kudzivirira mipimo yezvinhu, uye kuchengetedza mugariro. Pasina kuvaka, kushandiswa kusingawirirani kunogona kumuka, zvakadai sefekitari iri pedyo nechikoro.

Kuchengeteka Kwavose Nemabasa Okukurumidzira

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinotarisira madhipatimendi emapurisa, zviteshi zvemoto, uye mabasa ezvokukurumidzira. Dzinogadza mitemo yomunzvimbomo inoratidzira mhaka dzoutsotsi, kuchengetwa kwezvinofamba mumigwagwa, uye kushandisa gadziriro dzemapurisa omunzanga. Madhipatimendi emoto anobata kwete bedzi kupfuta moto asiwo zvishandiso zvine ngozi nemabasa okununura. Masangano anotarisira njodzi dzomunzvimbomo anoronga kuita chiito kungwavaira dzomusikirwo, kubva kumhepo dzinopisa nemoto. Masimba iwaya anokosha kuti achengetedze nhevedzano nechengeteko pamwero yenzanga.

Dzidzo Nemaruwa Echikoro

Dzidzo yavose zvikurukuru mutoro womunzvimbomo munyika dzakawanda. Madare ezvikoro zvomunharaunda — akasarudzwa kana kuti akagadzwa — anoronga mabhajeti, vanopinza vatarisiri, vanobvumira chikoro, uye vanotarisira nzvimbo. Vanotorawo mitero yenzvimbo kuti vatsigire zvikoro. Somuenzaniso, ruwa rwechikoro chomunzvimbomo rungasarudza kushandisa purogiramu itsva yeSTEM kana kuti kuvaka chikoro chapamusoro. Runako rwezvikoro zvomunzvimbomo runotapura zvakananga mipimo yepfuma negutsikano yenzanga, ruchiita dzidzo imwe yemasimba makuru zvikuru ehurumende yomunzvimbomo.

Utano Hwavose Nokucheneswa

Madhipatimendi outano omunzvimbomo anodzikamisa gadziriro dzoutsanana, maresitorendi, hosha dzinotapukira, uye anogovera nhomba. Anodzorawo kuraswa kwetsvina, uwandu hwemvura, uye kudzorwa netupukanana. Mukati menjodzi youtano hwavanhu, yakadai sedenda reCOVID , hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzakashandisa murairo wokuzvinyima, nzvimbo dzokuedza, uye makiriniki ouganda. Aya masimba outano anokosha mukudzivisa zvirwere uye kuchengetedza mhoteredzo dzakachena, dzinoshanda zvakanaka.

Zvekufambisa Nezvirongwa

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinochengeta migwagwa, migwagwa, uye zviratidzo zvemotokari. Dzinoshandisa gadziriro dzavose dzokufambisa dzakadai semabhazi nenjanji inoreruka, uye dzinoronga nzira dzebhasikoro nekotsekano yavanofamba netsoka. Somuenzaniso, guta ringaisa matanho okudzikamisa motokari pedyo nezvikoro kana kuti migwagwa inoshata. Maruwa chaiwo — akadai sezviremera zvepachiteshi kana kuti zviremera zvokufambisa.

Mapaki Nenhandaro

Hurumende dzakawanda dzinotarisira mapaki, nzvimbo dzinotambira nhandare, uye nzvimbo dzemitambo dzinoronga mapurogiramu okuzvivaraidza, misasa yezhizha, uye mitambo yetsika.Masangano aya anobatsira kuti vanhu vagare zvakanaka uye kuti vakwanise kuungana.

Masimba Ehurumende

Hurumende dzinoita masimba akafara muU.S. Constitution, zvikurukuru ayo asina kupiwa kuhurumende yomubatanidzwa. Aya anozivikanwa sa masimba anodiwa, anorondedzerwa muTenth Amendment. Nyika ine chiremera chokutonga panhau dzoutano hwavanhu, chengeteko, tsika, uye garikano — kazhinji kazhinji inonzi masimba echipokacha [. Hurumende imwe neimwe ine chibvumirano chayo imene, dare, jitaro, uye jasticary, izvo zvinoumba kushandiswa kwamasimba iwawa.

Kupa Mitemo uye Kuita Mitemo

Nyika dzinogona kuita mitemo munharaunda dzakadai sedzidzo, zvokufambisa, dziviriro yemhoteredzo, basa, uye mutemo wemhuri.

Mitero Nemari Yainotangirwa

Nyika dzine simba rokuisa mitero pamari, pakutengesa, panzvimbo, uye pamafuta. Dzinounganidza mari kuti dziwanire mari mabasa avanhu vose akadai sedzidzo, tarisiro yezvoutano (Medicaid), uye masangano ezvoupfumi. Dzimwe nyika dzine mitero yemari inofambira mberi, nepo dzimwe dzichivimba zvikuru nemitero yokutengesa.

Kugarisana Kwavanhu Nemasangano Enzanga

Nyika inoshandisa gadziriro dzehurumende dzakadai seServer Applice for Needy Families (TANF), zvitempe zvezvokudya (SNAP), uye inishuwarenzi yourovha. Idzowo dzinotarisira gadziriro dzegarikano yavana, tarisiro yokurera, uye mabasa nokuda kwavakweguru navaremara. Somuenzaniso, dhipatimendi reminamato yehurumende rinosarudza kugadzirika kwemibato yemibato yenzanga uye rinotarisira zviito zvoutano zvenzanga. Aya masimba anokosha nokuda kwokutsigira vanhu vasina dziviriro.

Ruramisiro Youtsotsi Neruramiso

Hurumende dzinotarisira masangano anotarisira mutemo (zvakadai semapurisa ehurumende kana kuti migwagwa inotenderera), mahofisi egweta eruwa, matare ehurumende, uye majeri. Anotanga nhungamiro negadziriro dzokupa mitongo. Magweta ehurumende anomanikidzira kuisa mitemo inodzivirira vatengi uye kuunza matare anorwisana namasangano. Gadziriro yemitemo yapamhosva pamwero mukurusa wehurumende inotonga muUnited States, kuvambira pakupunzirwa kwemotokari kusvikira kukuuraya.

Kugadzirwa Kwezvinhu uye Zvekufambisa

Nyika dzinogadzira nokuchengeta migwagwa mikuru, mabhiriji, nhandare dzendege, uye zviteshi. Madhipatimendi ehurumende ezvokufambisa anotarisira mabasa makuru akadai senzvimbo dzinotakura zvinhu nenjanji yakakwirira. Anodzorawo kunyoresa motokari, kubhadharisa mutyairi, uye miganhu youremu hwerori. Somuenzaniso, hurumende DOT ingapa mari yokuwedzera mukoto wenyika kuti ideredze kuwanda kwemikoto.

Mipimo Yedzidzo Nedzidzo Yakakwirira

Nepo maruwa omunzvimbomo achibata mabasa ezuva nezuva, masangano anogadza mipimo yezvidzidzo, zvinodikanwa zvokupedza kufunda, uye magwaro okupa magwaro edzidzo. Mabhodhi edzidzo edzidzo anotendera mabhuku anoshandiswa uye anoshandisa nzvero dzinotevedzerwa. Manyika anotsigirawo mayunivhesiti avose ne makoreji enzanga, achigadza miitiro yedzidzo nenzvero. Masimba aya anovimbisa rudzi rwedzidzo rusingachinjiki munyika yose uye anogadzirira vadzidzi nokuda kwavashandi.

Kudzivirirwa Kwemhoteredzo

Nyika dzinodzora mhepo nemvura zvakanaka, kuraswa kwetsvina, uye kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo. Dzinoshandisa mitemo yehurumende yakadai seCeac Water Act pasi pechiremera chinopiwa. Somuenzaniso, sangano remhoteredzo rehurumende ringabvumira nzvimbo dzinogadzirwa namabasa okugadzira zvinhu kana kuti kuchenesa nzvimbo dzinopisa.

Masimba Ehurumende Akabudirira

Masimba ehurumende ehurumende akarongwa zvakajeka muBumbiro reMitemo (masimba akarongwa) pamwe chete namasimba anorehwa anowanwa muChinodikanwa neChinodikanwa chaClaus. Aya masimba anokosha nokuda kwokuchengeta uchangamire hworudzi, kusimudzira kutengeserana kwenyika dzose, uye kuchengetedza maruramiro evagari vemo. Kusvika kwehurumende yehurumende kwakaganhurirwa asi kwakadzika munharaunda dzeitiro hanya yorudzi.

Kudzivirira Kwenyika

Hurumende yehurumende inochengeta mauto ane zvombo — Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, uye Space Force — uye ine mutoro wokudzivirira nyika patyisidziro dzokunze. Congress inozivisa hondo, mari, uye tarisiro yegadziriro yokuzvidzivirira. Purezidhendi, saMutungamiriri weChivimbo, anotungamirira mabasa ehondo. Somuenzaniso, Department of Defense inoita mabasa okudzivisa uganda uye inochengeta zvombo zvenyukireya. Masimba eFederal anobatanidzawo Garder nenhamburiko dzokudzivirira nyika.

Kutsvaka Nhau Dzokunze Kwenyika Nokushaya Mazano

Hurumende yehurumende ine chiremera chakakwana pamusoro pomutemo wokumwe. Purezidhendi anotaurirana zvibvumirano (netendero yeDare), anogadza nhume, uye anoziva hurumende dzokumwe. Musangano unodzora kutengeserana namamwe marudzi uye unoisa zvirango. Hurumende inodzora zvibvumirano nezvinodzorwa. Zvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose, zvirango, uye yamuro dzokumwe zvose zvinowira pasi pehurumende. Nyika hadzigoni kupinda muzvibvumirano kana kuti kuita miraudzo yokumwe padzo dzimene.

Kutengeserana Zvomubatanidzwa

Chiremera ichi chakabvumira hurumende kuti itarisire zvikamu zvakadai sezvokufambisa, zvokufambisa, zvemagetsi, uye zvemari. Somuenzaniso, hurumende inogadza mipimo yokuchengeteka yemotokari dzinotengeswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana - siyana dzehurumende, inodzora redhiyo neterevhizheni, uye inorambidza mitemo inorambidza kushandira hurumende kuti dzisapinda mumakwikwi.

Kutama - tama Nokuzvimba

Federal law governs who may enter, stay, or become a citizen of the United States. The Department of Homeland Security oversees customs, border patrol, and visa processing. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) enforces immigration laws. Citizenship is conferred by federal authority, and states cannot create their own immigration policies, though they may cooperate with federal enforcement in limited ways.

Mitero Yakakodzera uye Mitemo Yemari

Hurumende ine simba rokubhadhara mitero yemari yepevy (inobvumirwa neMenderero ye16), mitero yemakambani, mitero yemitero yemitero yemitero yemitero yemakambani (yokuchengeteka kwenzanga neMedicare), uye mitero yokubvisa. Hurumende inounganidzawo mari pakupinzwa kwemari. Iyi mari inobhadharira mari yemari yehurumende, kubatanidza dziviriro yeSocial Security, chengeteko yezvoutano (Medicaid), uye mutero wechikwereti chemari yenyika. Hurumende yehurumende inogonawo kukwereta mari nokudhinda mari — masimba anotsamira pamwero kunyika yose.

Basa Repapositi uye Mari

Hurumende yeUnited States Postal Service (USPS) uye ine maruramiro akakwana okuumba mari nokudzora ukoshi hwayo. USPS inogovera tsamba kukero iri yose munyika, basa rinokosha nokuda kwokutengeserana nekurukurirano. Department reTreasure reTreasurel rinogadzira mari nemhesano dzemari, uye Federal Reserve inodzora muitiro wemari kudzorwa nokukwira kwemitengo nourovha.

Vanyori, VaPatents, uye Zvinhu Zvinotarisirwa

Kuti itsigire zvinhu zvitsva, Congress inoita kuti vanyori nevagadziri vave nekodzero dzokuita mabasa avo uye kuwana zvinhu kwenguva pfupi.

Simba Riri Kubatanidzwa: Mitoro Yakagoveranwa

Mamwe masimba anoshandiswa nehurumende dzose dziri mbiri dzehurumende nedzehurumende dzehurumende — iwaya anonzi masimba akabatana. Mienzaniso inobatanidza simba romutero, kukwereta mari, kutanga matare, kudzika mitemo, uye kubvumira mabhangi. Munzvimbo idzodzi, mutemo wehurumende unowanzotanga kana rwisano dzamuka, nemhaka ye Classiace[ yeBumbiro reMitemo. Somuenzaniso, hurumende dzose dziri mbiri dzehurumende nehurumende yehurumende dzinogona kuisa mutero, asi mutemo wemutero wehurumende ungabvisa gadziriro dzehurumende panhau dzakati.

Rimwe simba guru rokuvaka zvinhu zvinoshandiswa. Nepo nyika dzichivaka migwagwa mikuru nemabhiriji, mari yehurumende inowanzouya nemigariro.

Makakatanwa Esimba Nemutongi Ane Simba

Kusawirirana kunomuka panhambo nenhambo apo masimba ehurumende nehurumende anobonderana. Supremacy Claus inosimbisa kuti mutemo wehurumende ndiwo mutemo mukurusa wenyika, kureva mitemo yehurumende inorwisana nemitemo yehurumende inoshanda. Muenzaniso wakatanhamara kunyoreswa kwapamutemo kwembanje. Pasinei zvapo nehurumende dzakawanda dzinoita kuti pamutemo pamutemo kana kuti nhandara, inoramba iri dare ramasangano adzororo ramasangano enyika, ichiita kuti kusawirirana kuvepo nemitemo yenyika asi inochengeta maruramiro okutama. Mumwe muenzaniso ndiwo wokubuda munyika — unotaura kuti ive mitemo yavo vamene yokutama nemhaka yokuti chiremera chehurumende chinoparira kusawirirana kwehurumende. Dare guru kazhinji kazhinji rinogadzikisa uku kurwisana, richiparira kusawirirana kwenyika.

Kuenzanisa Kwakaitwa Munyika Dzakawanda

Nepo nyaya ino ichinangidzira ngwariro pamuenzaniso weU.S., dzimwe gadziriro dzehurumende dzinogovera masimba nenzira yakasiana. MuGermany, Länder (state) ine chiremera chinokosha pamusoro pedzidzo nemapurisa, nepo hurumende yehurumende inodzora dziviriro negadziriro dzokumwe. MuIndia, hurumende dzine masimba makuru okutonga, asi hurumende inogona kubvisa mitemo yehurumende panhau dzakati. Mitemo yeUnitary yakadai seUnited Kingdom kana kuti France inopa simba pamwero wenyika, nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzichishandisa bedzi chiremera. Kunzwisisa iyi misiyano inobetsera kunzwisisa kuva nomugariro wakasiana - siana wehurumende nebetsero dzadzo mumitengo yadzo mukudzora vanhu vakasiana - siyana.

mhedziso

Kunzwisisa mienzaniso yamasimba ehurumende pamwero yakasiana - siana kunopa simba vagari vemo kuti vaite zvine revo nehurumende yavo. Kuvambira pachisarudzo chakaitwa nedare reguta kusvikira kugadziriro dzokuzvidzivirira dzorudzi dzakarongwa muWashington, D.C., mwero mumwe nomumwe unoita basa rakasiana uye rinokosha. Kuziva mweroi unobata chinogonesa vanhu kutsigira nenzira inobudirira — kungava kupfurikidza nokupinda musangano wechikoro, kuvhota muvhota rehurumende, kana kuti kuonana navamiriri vavo muCongress. Chigarwa chavakabudirira ndicho chinhu chikuru chehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu ideokramendi ibasa, uye kunzwisisa kuparadzirwa kwesimba inhano yokutanga.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, nzvera USA. gov peji pamasimba ehurumende , Bumbiro reMitemo reIndaneti reTraudzo reIndaneti [, kana kuti [[FLT]U.S. Office yeMaakaundi yeHurumende [ nokuda kwetsananguro dzakadza dzoukama hwehurumende.