Mavambo Esimba Rinodzora Mukutonga Kwehurumende

Kuvakwa kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu kwazvino uno kunotsamira pakuparadzirwa kwechiremera mumapazu akasiyana ehurumende. Uku kuparadza kunodzivisa sangano ripi neripi rakasiyana nerogaro (zvikurukuru sangano) kuunganidza udzori husingadzorwi. Nepo bazu guru rinowanzova injini inoonekwa zvikurusa yemiitiro, simba raro rinofanira kusungirirwa nomutemo kuti richengetedze rusununguko rwavagari vemo. Pasina iyi miganhu, kunyange vatungamiriri vanosanosanopindwa vanogona kudzokera kumiitiro yemotokari, kuputsa mutemo. Nyaya ino inonzvera ganhuriro dzinoiswa pasimba rapamusoro, kuti vanodzorwa sei, uye chikonzero nei vachiramba vari madikanwa nokuda kwoutano hwenzanga ipi neipi yedemocracy.

Uzivi hwakavakirwa pakudzokera shure kunyanzvi dzeNjereso hwakadai saMontesquieu naJohn Locke, avo vairangarira kuti simba guru rinoshatisa. Mifungo yavo yakajekeswa mugadziriro dzamabumbiro emitemo dzeUnited States, France, uye gare gare dzimwe hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu. Nhasi, hurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu inobatanidza chimiro chakati cheganhuriro pachiito chechiremera (hwupi kana kuti kupfurikidza nebumbiro remitemo rakanyorwa, matare akazvimirira, kana kuti mushumo wakasununguka. Kunzwisisa aya mashandiro anokosha nokuda kwavagari vemo vanoshuva kurangarira kuti vatungamiriri vavo vazvida kuzvidavirira.

Kuganhurirwa Kwechiremera Chine Simba

Mutungamiriri anogona kurayira pasina kuongorora mitemo, kugadza vakuru vakuru pasina utarisiri, kana kupedza mari yavose pasina kuzvidavirira anokurumidza kuchinja utongi hwomunhu oga. Nhau yakazara nemienzaniso yokudzora kwoutongi hunopinza muudzori zvikurukuru nemhaka yokuti kunzvera nedzikamo zvakaneteswa kana kuti zvakapunzwa.

Miganhu inoita mabasa anokosha anoverengeka:

  • Kudzivirira maruramiro avanhu vamwe navamwe: apo vakuru vakuru vasingagoni kudzora nenzira yokuzvidira, kurangarira, kana kuti kuranga vagari vemo, rusununguko runokosha runoramba rwakasimba.
  • chengeta dzikamo yesangano: Chirongwa chomutemo nedare rinodzora zvinochengeta mabasa avo samapazu akaenzana, zvichidzivisa kudzora kwavakuru.
  • Vara remitemo yokudzora: Miitiro inobatanidza kurukurirano yemitemo nehwirudzuro yokutonga zvinoparira miitiro yokufunga zvikuru, yakasimba.
  • Kuvaka chakavanzika chavose: Vagari vemo vane bviro huru yokuwirirana nemitemo apo vanoona kuti hapana munhu ari pamusoro pomutemo.

Idzi betsero hadzisi chinhuwo zvacho, dzinoratidzirwa mukushanda kwezuva nezuva kwehurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu uko vakuru vakuru vanodikanirwa nguva dzose kururamisa zviito zvavo pamberi pematare neparamende.

Nhoroondo: Zvatinodzidza Pakunyanya Kuchinja

Kunzvera zvinoitika zvenhau zvesimba ravakuru vakuru risingadzorwi kunoratidza mitoo inodzokororwa. Kuwa kweWeimar Republic nokumuka kweGermany yeNazi ndiimwe yemienzaniso inokatyamadza zvikurusa. Mutengesi Adolf Hitler akashandisa mirairo yekurumidziro (ane tarisiro yokuchengeta nhevedzano yavose), kubvisa chibvumirano chehurumende, kubvisa mutemiswo wehurumende, uye kuisa chiremera chose muhofisi yake. Reichstag Fire Sigle Signage ya 1933 yakanga iri chishandiso chapamutemo chaibvisa dziviriro yebumbiro remitemo. Iyi inoratidzira kuti miitiro yapamutemo yapamutemo inogona sei kuparadzwa kuti iparadze hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu kana miganhuro yehurumende isati yaderera.

Similarly, in the 20th century, several Latin American nations experienced military coups justified as necessary to restore order. Leaders like Hugo Chávez in Venezuela expanded executive power by using referendums to rewrite constitutions, remove term limits, and neutralize judicial independence. These events illustrate a common trajectory: incremental encroachments that, taken individually, seem minor, but collectively overwhelm democratic guardrails.

MuUnited States, Purezidhendi Franklin D. Roosevelt's "court-packing" chikarakadzo muna 1937(jeka rokuwedzera ruramisiro dzinonzwira tsitsi kuDare Gurusa() yakaonekwa zvakafara setyisidziro kukuzvimirira kworutongeso. Dare navanhu vakaramba gadziriro, vachisimbisa muitiro wokuti mukuru mukuru haangagoni kutongovanzariswazve rimwe bazi. Ichi chidzidzo chenhau chinosimbisa ukoshi hwemipimo yamasanga murutivi memitemo yakarongwa.

Munyika yose, bumbiro remitemo reUnited Kingdom risina kunyorwa rinotsamira zvikuru pakokorodzano neuchangamire hweparamende. Kunyange zvakadaro, gakava rokuwedzera ra 2019 rakaratidza kuti mitemo isina kunyorwa inogona kutambanudzwa. Chisarudzo cheDare Rapamusorosaresa chechisarudzo chokuti zano remutungamiriri wehurumende rakarambidzwazve kuti hwirudzuro yedare inoshanda kumabasa oukuru, kunyange mugadziriro isina bumbiro remitemo rakasimbiswa.

Michina Inovhiringidza Kuita Zvinhu

Urongwa uhwu hunoshanda pamwero wakasiyana - siyana wokuita mitemo uye kuchengetedza, zvichiita kuti pave nokuzvidavirira kwakaomera mutambi mumwe chete kuti atize.

Gadziriro Dzemitemo Nomutemo Wokutonga

Hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu zhinjisa dzine bumbiro remitemo rakanyorwa rinodudza masimba avakuru vakuru uye rinoronga zvakajeka zviito zvinorambidzwa. Somuenzaniso, Constitution suputment inodzora mupurezidhendi asi inoda kubvumira Dare nokuda kwezvibvumirano nezvirongwa. Mutungamiriri wehurumende angapa mutemo, asi Congress anogona kukunda nevhota mbiri nhatu. Urongwa hwakadaro hunoparira kupesana kwemasangano. Mutemo wemitemo unorondedzerazve ukuru hwechiremera chehurumende (somuenzaniso), mitemo inodzora kushandiswa kwemauto, kuongorora, kana kuti masimba ekurumidziro). Kana mutungamiriri wacho achishanda kupfuura miganhuro iyi yemitemo, matare anogona kudzosa chiito.

Mabumbiro emitemo akawanda anobatanidzawo zvirambidzo zvakajeka. Chikamu II cheBumbiro reMitemo reU.S., somuenzaniso, chinoganhurira simba rokubvisa rapurezidhendi pamasangano akazvimirira. MuGermany, Sic Law (Grundgesetz) inoisa ganhuriro dzakasimba pamirau yekurumidziro uye inoda hwirudzuro yedare. Uku kuganhurirwa kwamashoko kunobatira somutsetse wokutanga wedziviriro.

Utariri Hwomutemo Nesimba Rechitengo

Paramende nemisangano hazvisi zvirongwawo hazvo zvokuita mitemo; zvakagadzirirwa kunzvera mukuru mukuru kupfurikidza nokunzwa kwoutariri, kunzvera, uye kudzora bhajeti. Simba rechikwama chine simba zvikuru: pasina mvumo yehurumende, mukuru mukuru haagoni kutsigira mapurogiramu ake kana kuti kubhadhara vashandi vake. Ikoku kunopa masangano edzimba kuti atsvake mashoko, gadziridzo, kana kuti zvirongwa zvokudzorwa. MuUnited States, matare esangano anowanzounganidza mabhinya nevakuru vakuru vesangano kuti vapupurire. MuUnited Kingdom, Mibvunzo yeSangano yeProfestery inogovera mukana wevhiki nevhiki wokunzvera kwakananga. Kutarisira kunoda zvose zviri zviviri chiremera chapamutemo nechido chezvamatongerwe enyika. Apo masangano anodzorwa neboka rimwe chetero, kutarisira kungaderera, kushaiwa kudikanwa kwemasangano akasimba edare rakasimba nekodzero duku.

Kuongorora Kutonga Sekurega Kutonga

Kuongorora nyaya dzinotongwa kunobatsira vanhu, masangano, kana kuti kunyange vaiti vemitemo kuti vapikise zvisarudzo zvevakuru vakuru.

  • United States v. Nixon (1974): Dare Gurusa rakabatana raidavira kuti kutaura kwaPurezidhendi Nixon kweropafadzo yapamusoro yakakwana hakuna kumudzivirira kubudisa ufakazi mukutonga kwoutsotsi. Ichi chisarudzo chakamanikidzira kurega kwapurezidhendi akagara ndokusimbisa kuti mukuru mukuru haana kupfuura mutemo.
  • Thrown Commentpar & Tube Co. Sawyer (1952): Dare rakashayisa simba mutungamiriri wedare Truman kutora zvigadziko zvesimbi mukati meHondo yeKorea, achitonga kuti Purezidhendi akanga asina chiremera chebumbiro remitemo kana kuti chomutemo chokuita chiito chakadaro mukusabvumirwa kwemitemo. Mutongi Jackson's anobvuma kuumba kuongorora kwakakurumbira kwegadziriro yedare rapurezidhendi mubatanidzwa neCongress.
  • R (pakushanda kwaMiller) v. Mutungamiriri weHurumende (2029):[[FLT Dare Gurusa reUK] rakatonga kuti zano raMutungamiriri weProfet Boris Johnson rokubudisira hurumende kwamavhiki mashanu rakanga risiri pamutemo nemhaka yokuti rakavhiringidza mano eParamende kuita mabasa ayo ebumbiro remitemo. Mutongo wakashandisa nheyo dzomutemo dzinozivikanwa nevakawanda kunhau yaifungwa kuva mubvunzo wezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kupfuura iyi mhaka huru, kuhwirudzurwa kwomuitiro kwokutonga kwezviito zvokutonga kunochengeta masangano ari mukati mechiremera chawo chomutemo. Munyika zhinji, matare chaiwo ebumbiro remitemo (zvakadai seFederal Constitution Court yeGermany) ane simba rokuhwirudzura mutemo nezviito zvavakuru nokuda kwokutevedzerwa kwebumbiro remitemo. Zvisarudzo zvavo zvinosungisa uye kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji zvinoita basa rinochinja mukuumba mufambiro wechiremera.

Kuongorora Zvirwere Pamiganhu Yesimba Rine Simba

Kuongorora nyaya kwakakwana kunoratidza kuti zvinhu izvi zvinoshanda sei.

United States: Mhaka Yokusashanda

Mukati meHondo yeKorea, Purezidhendi Truman akaraira kubvutwa kwenzvimbo dzinogadzirwa zvinhu zvesimbi pachivande kudzivisa chirwiso chaigona kudzongonyedza kugadzirwa kwehondo. Congress yakanga isina kubvumira ichi chiito, uye makambani esimbi akakwidziridza. Dare Gurusa, rakakamuraniswa asi rakasimba, rakatonga 6-3 kuti Purezidhendi akanga apfuura chiremera chake chebumbiro remitemo. Mhaka yacho yakasimbisa nheyo yokuti migariro yekurumidziro haisati ingoeredzere kukudza simba rechiremera. Yakasimbisawo kuvandikano yezviito zvechiremera zvinoitwa pasina kutenderwa nemitemo, kunyange mukati menguva yehondo.

United Kingdom: Dambudziko Rokuderedza

Muna 2019, Mutungamiriri weDare guru Boris Johnson akapa zano Queen Elizabeth II kuti apedze basa remitemo kwevhiki shanu, nguva yakakurukurwa yakarongwa kuganhurira kurukurirano yeparamende paBritit. Mhaka yakaunzwa nomukwikwidzi Gina Miller, uye Dare Gurusa rakataura zvakafanana kuti kunyorwa kwacho kwakanga kusiri kwepamutemo. Dare rakaratidza kuti basa remitemo rekare rapaParamende rakakanganisika sechekero pamukuru wehurumende. Mhaka iyi inobuda nemhaka yokuti yakashandisa kuhwirudzura kwedare kusimba rehurumende yehurumende yeRoma kuzivisa simba rehurumende yehurumende yeRoma (jerizimu-8). Chisarudzo chacho chakaratidzira kuti kunyange masimba ehurumende ekare akare akavhiringidzwa kuti aonekwe pakuongorora hurumende.

Germany: Chirongwa Chesimba Rekurumidziro

Dare reGermany Sicle Law rinoganhurira noune masimba anotarisira ngozi, mhinduro kukushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwamasimba akadaro pasi peWeimar Republic. Purezidhendi angazivisa njodzi nemvumo yeBundestag, uye mirayiro ipi neipi inovapo inofanira kudzokororwa neFederal Constitution Court. Dare rakaramba richikunda kuedza kushandisa masimba ekurumidziro nokuda kwokudzora kwomuitiro, kuraira mukuru mukuru kuti awane mvumo wemitemo. Iyi gadziriro yakabvumikisa kuva yakasimba, zvikurukuru mukati medenda reCHOVAID, apo matare akahwirudzura matanho echibvumirano chetsika dzapamutemo dzakashairira kudzosa mativi akakwana emitemo.

India: Kutonga uye Kudzora

Dare rePamhene reIndia rakakudziridza tsika yakasimba yehwirudzuro yedare, zvikurukuru mumhaka dzinobatanidza kunyengera. Mu 1975 Emergency yakaziviswa naMutungamiriri weHurumende Indira Gandhi, dare pakutanga rakatsigira kuderera kwerusununguko rwevagari vemo asi, gare gare, pashure pokunge njodzi yapera, rakatonga kuti zvimwe zviito zvakanga zvisina kubvumiranwa. misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, dare rakakunda kuedza kwemukuru mukuru wehurumende kubvisa mutemo panhau dzakadai sokugadzwa kwamadhemoni uye kugadzwa kwavakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru. Chinoitika cheIndia chinoratidza kuti mutongi akazvimirira anogona kubatira sechenjero kunyange apo mamwe masangano anenge asina simba kana kuti akaiswa.

Zvinoitwa Nemaonero Evanhu Vose uye Nevanhu Vari Munyika Yacho

Kuongorora kwepamutemo uye kwehurumende kunokosha, asi kunogona kunzvengwa kana vanhu vasingakendengi kana kuti vakaudzwa zvisiri izvo.

Zvinobudisa Nhau Sembwa Inorinda

Chinobudisa nhau chakasununguka chinonzvera nokufumura kushatisa kwevakuru vakuru, kuchiunza ngwariro yavose. Rusando rwokunzvera mukurumbira muhomwe yeWatergate, somuenzaniso, rwakazivisa kubatanidzwa kwaPrezidhendi Nixon muvuvanuro, kuchitungamirira kukunzwika kwedare uye pakupedzisira kurega kwake. Misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, kushuma pamusoro penzvero dzezvirongwa zvokunzvera kana kuti rwisano dzefariro kwakanyandura kurukurirano yavose neyapamutemo. Simba rezvinobudisa nhau rinotsamira padziviriro dzapamutemo nokuda kworusununguko rwokubudisa rusununguko, rusununguko rwemitemo yenhau, uye kuzvimirira kwavatori venhau mukudzorwa kwehurumende.

Zvisinei, zvinogona kushandiswawo kuparadzira mashoko asiri echokwadi anoderedza kuvimba nemasangano ehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu, chinetso icho hurumende dzinosarudzwa nevanhu dzinoramba dzichigadzirisa.

Masangano Ane Mafashoni Nemasangano Enzanga Yavagari Vemo

Masangano asiri ehurumende (NGOS) akadai seAmerican Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), Amnesty International, uye kodzero dzavanhu vomunzvimbomo kazhinji kazhinji anodenha zviito zvokutungamirira mudare kana kuti kupfurikidza nokudzorwa. Anounganidza tsigiro yavose, matare, uye vaiti vemitemo vapamhesve. Somuenzaniso, pashure pekudenha 9/11, mapoka enzanga akadenha mitemo yedare rehurumende negadziriro dzokunzvera, zvichitungamirira kumitemo yeDare guru yakadzorera habeas corpus maruramiro evasingadzorwi paGuantanamo Bay. [FLT:]

Kusarudza Secherekedzo Yokupedzisira

Sarudzo dzenguva dzose, dzapachena, uye dzinoruramisira dzinopa vagari vemo simba rokubvisa vakuru vakuru vanoshandisa zvisina kufanira chiremera chavo. Zvisinei, kusarudza kwoga hakukwani kana mukuru mukuru achigona kudzora gadziriro yokuvhota, kudzvinyirira vhoti, kana kuti kufuratira migumisiro yesarudzo. Naizvozvo, vasarudzo vanozvimirira, gadziriro dzokuvhotera dzakachengetedzwa, uye mitemo yakasimba yokugamuchira migumisiro yakakomba yakakomba. Apo Purezidhendi Donald Trump akaramba kubvuma chirevoridzo U.S. Sarudzo nevakuru vakuru vakuru venyika vanomanikidzirwa, tsika dzakachengetwa zvikurukuru nemhaka yedziviriro nedzvinyiriro yavose. Kudenha kwechitanhatu kwechiCapitol kwakaratidzira kuva nezvinonzvera izvi, kuisa dare kuti kusarudzodzo kunofanira kudzivirirwa nomutemo uye tsika dzehurumende.

Zvinetso Zvokuramba Uine Paunogumira Pasimba

Pasinei zvapo nokuumbwa kwakasimba kwezvikepe nedzikamo, hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzinotarisana nezvinetso zvinopfuurira zvinogona kunetesa ganhuriro nokufamba kwenguva.

Kuchinja Kunoita Kudenga

Apo masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika anova akakamukana zvikuru, tarisiro inowanzowa. Vadzori vanobva mubato romukuru vangazengurira kutsoropodza kana kuti kunzvera mutungamiriri wavo vamene, vachitya kudzorwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Uku "kusava nesimba" kunoparira mabanza okunyengera vakuru vakuru. Somuenzaniso, mukati moutarisiri hweTrump, mamwe masangano eRepublican akavhara kana kuti kushora kunzvera muzviito zvechiremera. Nenzira yakafanana, muHungary, Fidesz yakashandisa kunyorazve kwaro kwayo kukuru kwemitemo namasangano okushambadzira masangano anganzverazve bhii.

Kuda Kutevedzerwa Nebumbiro Remitemo Nesimba Rekurumidziro

Mabumbiro emitemo akawanda ane mutauro usina kujeka pamusoro pemasimba makuru, zvikurukuru mumigariro inokurumidzira. Mapfundo akafanana "anodiwa uye akafanira" kana kuti "kotsekano yavose" anogona kutambanudzwa kururamisa zviito zvisingatongofungidzirwi navagadziri. Mukati menjodzi(ndavara), ngwavaira dzomusikirwo, ngwavaira dzinouraya kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji dzinodana masimba ekurumidziro asingadiwi anodzorwa nemitemo. Nepo kumwe kukura kungadikanwa, ngozi ndeyokuti mipimo yekurumidziro ive yechigarire. United States ine nhau refu yaikoku, kubva kutsika dzaPrezidhenti Lincoln yehabeas corpus mukati me Hondo yevagari vemo yeChibvumirano kusvikira kuChiito chetsika chenguva dzose pashure pe 9 / 11. Dare remitemo ragara richiedza kugadza miganhuro yakajeka. [FLD]

Kusakendenga Kwavose Nokushayikwa Kwezivo Inofadza

Kana vagari vemo vasinganzwisisi kuti hurumende yavo inoshanda sei kana kuti havana hanya nenheyo dzebumbiro remitemo, havawanzodzivisa kutsotswa. Muvhoti akaderera, kusavimba namasangano, uye mashoko asina kururama akapararira zvose zvinobetsera kumhoteredzo umo vakuru vakuru vanogona kuita vasingarangwi. Dzidzo nokurava nokunyora zvinobudisa nhau zvigadzikiso zvenguva refu, asi munguva pfupi, kubatanidzwa kwamasangano enzanga avagari vemo negadziriro yokuzvimirira kwepepanhau kunokosha.

Kukurudzira Kutonga Nemitemo

Chimwe chedenho dzamanomano zvikurusa kushandiswa kwemiitiro yapamutemo kuti ipe ngwariro. Vatungamiriri vangachinja mitemo yesarudzo, matare emitoro nevezvokutsigira vakavimbika, kana kuti kuisa mitemo inoputsa. Iyi "mitemo yehurumende" inoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuziva kana kuti kudenha nemhaka yokuti inopa mhaka nemhaka yechecho mutemo. Mienzaniso inobatanidza Turkey pasi paPrezidhendi Erdoâan, umo kugadziriswa kwemitemo kwakapfuudzwa kupfurikidza nokudzorwa kwemitezo, uye Poland pasi poMutemo nedare roRuramisiri, umo chinjo dzedare dzakaruramiswa sematongerwo okudzivisa uori asi dzinosekesa pamutemo.

Kusimbisa Kutsigira Kwehurumende

Kuti vagadzirise zvinetso izvi, hurumende dzinosarudzwa nevanhu dzinofanira kuramba dzichisimbisa kuongorora kwadzo uye kudzikamisa.

  • Kudzora masangano anotarisira akazvimirira: Ethics commissions, ombundira, uye vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanogona kunzvera kusazvibata kwechiremera pasina kudzorwa nezvamatongerwe enyika.
  • Kudzivirira kuzvimirira kwokutonga:[[FLT: 1] Yakachengeteka, mari yakakwana, uye kugadza kwakajeka zvinobetsera matare kudzivisa dzvinyiriro yavakuru vakuru.
  • dzidzo yevagari vemo: Kudzidzisa nheyo dzebumbiro remitemo nokufunga kwokutsoropodza kunoshongedzera vagari vemo kuziva ndokudzivisa kunyengera.
  • Kusimbisa kubatanidzwa kwekutranslantic nekwamarudzi ose: MaDemocracse anogona kudzidza kune mumwe nomumwe ndokugovera tsigiro pamwe chete apo mumwe anotarisana netyisidziro dzavakuru vakuru.
  • [ Kuratidzira kuwanda kwezvinobudisa nhau: mitemo inorwisana nemonopoka, kuzvimirira kwekuparadzira pachena, uye tsigiro yebudisi renhau rokunzvera zvinotsigira nzvimbo yezvinobudisa nhau yakasiana - siana.

Iyi mipimo haisati iri mushonga, asi inoita mhoteredzo umo simba ravakuru vakuru rinoramba rakasungirwa. [[FLT: 0] Brennan Center for Justice[[FLT: 1] inopa rumbidzo dzine udzame dzemitemo dzokuchengeta masangano edemokrati mukutarisana nokudzorwa kwechiremera.

Mugumisiro: Kungwarira Kusingagumi Mubayiro Worusununguko

Dzimba dzine ganhuriro pasimba ravakuru vakuru hadzisi ganhuriro pakudzora kunobudirira; inheyo yadzo. Kutonga kwomutemo, kuparadzana kwamasimba, uye kuvimbisana kwevagari vemo pamwe chete zvinoparira gadziriro umo chiremera chavakuru vakuru chinobatira vanhu panzvimbo pokuvatonga. Nhau inodzidzisa kuti nguva dzine ngozi zvikurusa nokuda kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu hadzisi apo zviremera zvinotonga zvinenge zvisati zviri apo zviito zvehurumende inodzorwa, asi apo zvinenge zvichikundikana kupindura nenzira inobudirira. Mienzaniso yokuderedza kwebudiriro kwebudiriro yechaungamira zvakanaka (8) kubva kutsika yesimbi inotonga Miller, uye kudzorwa kwemitemo yehurumende inodzorwa. Asi kukunda uku hakutongorina kutongovi kwechigarire. Chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kuvandudza kuzvipira kwacho kukutonga kwebumbiro remitemo, kutungamirira, uye kutora rutivi rwavose. Somutongi Louis Brendidardeau akakurumbira zvikuru akataura kuti, basa rehurumende rehurumende rinokanganwa kuti munhu wogaro mukuru mukuru; anore chokwadi chinodzivirira munguva yemberi.

Nokuda kwokuravirwazve pamusoro pemiitiro yesimba rapamusoro, bvunza project yeOyez nokuda kwenhau dzinopetwa uye nzvimbo yapamutemo yeDare Gurusa reUK [ nokuda kwechisarudzo chakatanhamara. Basa rinopfuurira renyanzvi dzebumbiro remitemo, vatori venhau, uye vatsigiri rinoramba riri madikanwa kuchengeta iyi miganhu inokosha.