Basa rokukanda bhoti rinopfuura basa rehurumende yeruzhinji, iko hwaro chaihwo pahunomira utongi hwedemocracy. Muhurumende dzinotonga vanhu zvakanaka, kusarudza kunoshandura kuda kwevanhu kuva mumimiririri, mutemo, uye kuzvidavirira. Asi simba reshanduro iyi rinotsamira pamitemo imwe chete: muvhoti. Kana kuvhota kwakakwirira, hurumende dzinoratidza kuwanda kwemaganhu enzanga; apo dzinonyudza, manzwi eanonzi adzorwe anokura akanyarara uye kuva akakodzera kwemigumisiro zvinogona kushata.

Nyaya ino inogovera nzvero yakadzama yetapuro yomuvhoti pahurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, kunzvera chikonzero nei nhau dzichibatanidzwa, chinosunda vanhu kuvhota (kana kuti kuvadzivisa), miuyo chaiyoiyo yenyika yokuvimbisana kwakaderera, uye gadziriro dzakabvumikiswa dzokuvaka muvhoti mukuru akazara. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa simba romuvhoti, tinosimbisazve zvokwadi huru yedemocracy: vhoti iri yose inokosha zvapachokwadi.

Chii Chiri Muitiro Wokuchinja uye Nei Uchikosha?

Voter restaup inorondedzerwa zvikurukuru senhamba inotevedzerwa yavavhoti vakakodzera vanokanda chivhoti musarudzo yakapiwa. Ndicho chitengi chinowanika zvikurusa nokuda kwokuvimbisana kwevagari vemo muhurumende inomirira hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Zviratidzo zvikuru zvokuti vagari vemo vanovimba negadziriro ndokuona ukoshi mukutora rutivi; kuderera kwekushata, mhinganidzo, kana kuti murangariro wokuti muuyo unofanotaurwa pachinei. Kupfuura mwero, bvisa nhau nemhaka yokuti dzinopesvedzera zvakananga avo vanotonga uye ivavariro dzinoiswa mumugariro wapasi.

Nzvero inoratidzira nguva dzose kuti vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vanogamuchira zvikuru mapoka anovhota pamwero wakakwirira. Pakutora rutivi vakura(*kuna vapfumi, uye vazhinji vakadzidza zvikuru) chiverengero chavagari vemo chavanhu — kugadzira mapurisa kunogona kudzungaira kubva kuzvinodikanwa zvepwere, mari yakaderera, uye nzanga duku. Mukupfupikisa, kuumbwa kwevavhoti vanoumba muitiro.

Utano Hwoubati Ushe hwaMwari: Chikonzero Nei Zvinhu Zvichichinja Zvikuru

Kumirira uye Kuva Mutevedzeri

Hurumende inosarudzwa navazhinjisa vavhota vakakodzera vose vanofarikanya maruramiro akakurumbira zvikuru kupfuura mumwe akasarudzwa nechero duku, risingamirirwi nevoruzhinji. Apo kuvhota kunenge kwakakwirira, miuyo yesarudzo inova yakaoma kudenha sesiri yapamutemo, uye murairo wokutonga wakajeka. Nenzira inopesana, kuderera kunogona kunyandura pomero dzokuti mukundi haamiriri zvirokwazvo vanhu, kutsoropodza nokusagadzikana kwezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kuzvidavirira Nokuzvidavirira

Muvhoti mukuru anotanga sundo yakasimba zvikuru nokuda kwavakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa kuita mufariro yavose. Apo nhamba huru yavagari vemo vanovhota, vezvamatongerwe enyika vanoziva kuti vanofanira kukumbira zvikuru kuchengeta nzvimbo. Iyi dzvinyiriro inogona kuderedza mufambiro wokusasarura kwakanyanyisa ndokukurudzira kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira. Nzvero dzakabudiswa ne Brennan Center for Justice dzakawana kuti nyika nekombamira mberi inoda kuita mitemo inoratidzira zviri nani zvido zvavagari vemo vose.

Kuderedza Kuchinja Kwemasero

Vavhoti vakaderera kazhinji kazhinji vanyanyisa zvikuru pfungwa nemhaka yokuti vavhoti vanooneka vanowanzova vasarudzi zvikurusa uye vane simba. Kukudza vavhoti kupfurikidza nokuunza nguva nenguva, vavhoti vepfungwa shoma vanogona kuderedza miuyo yesarudzo ndokuderedza paradzano. Nyika dzinoramba dzichiva nechepamusoro-pasi seSweden kana kuti Denmark (kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji dzinoratidzira chibvumirano chiduku nehurumende inobvumirana zvikuru.

Zvitadzo Zvenhau: Murangariro Wenyika Yose uye weAmerica

Kupinda muUnited States

Voter avhota musarudzo yapurezidhendi weU.S. yakare yakarevererwa seri kwedzimwe hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzakabudirira. Mujaho ra202020, inenge 66% yavavhoti vakakodzera vanokanda mabhorasi (jere rakakwirira zvikurusa muzana ramakore). Asi izvozvo zvichiri kusiya anenge mumwe muvaAmerica vatatu vakakodzera kugara. Sarudzo yakaipisisa: Kuvhota muna 2018 (pakati penhambo yakare) kwakanga kuri 50%, uye sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo kazhinji kazhinji dzinoderera pasi pe 20%.

Nokuenzanisa, Australia inomanikidza kuvhota uye inoona nguva dzose kuvhota kunopfuura 90%. Belgium neSweden nguva dzose kunopfuurawo 85%. United States yakatanhamara pakati pehurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzakapfuma nokuda kwokutora rutivi kwayo kwakaderera uye kusina kufanira, yakasundwa zvikurukuru nomutoro wokunyoresa kwomuvhoti, zvisarudzo zvokuvhota zvapakuvamba zvakaganhurirwa, uye pakati pevhiki Evont Days.

Zviratidzo Zvenyika Yose

Mupasi rose, muvhoti azova akaderera zvishoma nezvishoma chifo cha 1990, mukuwirirana nemashoko anobva ku Internationalpolate Institute for Democracy and Electoral Consolation (IDEA). Iyi kombamiro yakanyandura kuitira hanya pakati pavasaruri vedemocratic. Kunyange zvakadaro mamwe marudzi akakuchidzira mutoo wokuvhota nawo. South Korea, somuenzaniso, yakasimudzwa pakati pavavhoti vaduku kupfurikidza nokunyoreswa kwemichina yemotokari uye kuvhotera nenzira yeshamwari, kusvika ku 77% mukusarudzo yapashure yapurezidhendi wehurumende. Chidzidzo chakajeka chakajeka chakajeka: Kudzorwa hakusi mugumo kukuita namagariro.

Zvinotadzisa Kubudisa Mashoko: Zvinodzivisa Vanhu Kushatisa

Kunzwisisa kuti nei vanhu vasingavhoti kunokosha pakugadzira mhinduro dzinobudirira.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvokuvaka

MuUnited States, mhinganidzo inokosha zvikurusa mutoo wokuvhota. Kusafanana nenyika zhinji dzinonyoresa vagari vemo, U.S. inoisa zvigaro pamunhu mumwe nomumwe, kazhinji kazhinji nenhambo yamavhiki pamberi poMusi wokuvhota. Zvimwe mhinganidzo dzourongwa dzinobatanidza nzvimbo dzokuvhotera dzakaganhurirwa (dziri mumativi marefu), mitemo yemivhoti yorumano, kurasha tsidzo yakakomba, uye kushaikwa kwenguva inobhadharwa kuti ivhote.

Zvinodikanwa zvokuvhota mumapositi namahwindo apakuvamba zvinosiana zvikuru nehurumende, kugadzira basa rakasiana umo vavhoti vane kusvika kuri nyore uye vamwe vanotarisana nemhinganidzo dzinokosha. Somuenzaniso, Pew Research Center[ yakapupurira kuti vavhoti vari munyika vane mitemo inoganhurira zvikuru vanoshuma gutsikano yakaderera nechinoitika chokuvhota uye sezvingabvira zvishomanene kubuda.

Zvikonzero Zvenzanga Nezvekugara Kwavanhu

Mari nedzidzo zvinoramba zviri zviratidzo zvine simba zvokubuda. Vagari vane madhigirii ekoreji uye pamusoro pemitevedzero yemhuri inowana mavhoti pamwero inenge 20-30 muzana yemapfundo akakwirira kupfuura ayo asina dhipuroma repamusoro kana kuti kurarama pasi pomutsetse wourombo. [[FLT:]] . vanoitawo basa: kuvhota pakati pevaramwa neAbhurabhura uye vaSpain vaveri venhau venhau yaveri kare kare, kunyange zvazvo mukamukana wakapfupika mujarati yezvisarudzo zvenguva pfupi yazvino.[FLT:] Age] chimwe chinhu chinonetsa [[FLT] [FLT]] pa65] pa65]

Zvipingamupinyi Zvendangariro Nezvisundo

Kunyange apo mhinganidzo dzegadziriro nedzenzanga nedzemari dzinobviswa, vavhoti vazhinji vakakodzera vanogara kumba nemhaka yokuti vanonzwa vhoti yavo isina basa, havadi vose vanoda kubhapatidzwa, kana kuti vakaodzwa mwoyo negadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika yavanorangarira seyakaputsika. Iyi inoparira nokusada kutendeka inogona kuva kuzvidzorera vamene: kusingadzoreki kuhurumende inomirira zvishoma, uko kunokudza kusavimba, kumwe kudzvinyirira. Kuputsa uko kunoda kuti zvose zviri zviviri chinjo yesangano nechinjo yetsika.

Migumisiro Yokumhanya - mhanya Kuduku

Apo zvikamu zvikuru zvechiverengero chavagari vemo zvisingatori rutivi, miuyo inotekeshera murutivi rwuri rwose rwokudzora.

Michina Inoiswa Mumufananidzo

Vavhoti vemiitiro yemiitiro yezvokusarudza vachembere, vakapfuma, uye vachena. Vagadziri vemiitiro ipapo vane zvikarakadzo zvokunangidzira ngwariro pazvinhu zvokutanga zveaya mapoka “‘ zvakadai sokudzivirira Nchengeteko yenzanga nokuderedza mitero pamibayiro yemari yamari inopfuudzwa (papo dzidzo inodzorwa, mipimo, uye zvirongwa zvinobetsera zvikurukuru zvikamu zvavanhu vaduku kana kuti zvinenge zvaderera. Muuyo wacho igwededzwa nenzira yamanomano asi ine simba kubva kuzvizhinji.

Kuparadzwa Kwemadhimoni

Kuderera kunogonawo kuderedza kurangarirwa kuva kwapamutemo kwamasangano edemocracy. Apo vakundi vanosarudzwa nechikamu chiduku chavagari vemo chakakodzera neakaitika mumapoka akawanda eDare repakati peUnited States umo kutendeuka kwakanga kuri pasi pe 40%(h) murairo wokutonga wakaneta. Iyi nzvimbo inogona kuzadzwa namanzwi ane simba, uye chivimbo chavose mumiitiro yevhota chinoderera zvikuru.

Kusaenzana Kwemitemo Kukuru

Masayendisiti ezvamatongerwe enyika Martin Gilens naBenjamin Page akawana nenzira yakakurumbira kuti zvinodikanwa zvomugariwo zvake zvine pesvedzero shomanene pamuuyo womuitiro muUnited States, nepo vakakwirira vezvemari namapoka ezviwanira mano akarongwa vachitonga. Chisakiso chimwe cheiyi kusaenzana chishomanene uye chinopfuura muvhoti. Apo vanhu vashomanene vanosarudza, pesvedzero yemari nokupesvedzera zvinokura pamusoro pepesvedzero yavarongi.

Zvirongwa Zvokuwedzera Kuchinja

Sezvineiwo, makumi emakore okunzvera nemienzaniso yenyika dzakawanda zvinonongedzera kugadziriro yakajeka yechinjo dzinogona kusimudzira kutora rutivi — zvikurukuru pakati pamapoka enhau asina kutsigirwa.

Kunyoresa Voter kunoitwa kwoga (AVR)

Nyika dzinongonyoresa dzingoshanda nehurumende kana dzichishanda nemasangano ehurumende (g., DMV) dzinoona kuwedzera kwe5-10 muzana. AVR inobvisa chipingamupinyi chikuru chehurumende uye inochengeta chinyorwa chakarurama. Sezvokusvika 2024, 202, U.S. nyika dzeColumbia dzakagamuchira AVR, uye ufakazi hwapakuvamba hunoiratidza zvikurukuru kubatsira vaduku navavhoti vanofamba.

Kubatsira Vamwe

Kuwedzera kuvhota kwapakuvamba, kugovera kusaisa mapepa etsamba mupepa, uye kuchengeta nzvimbo dzokuvhotera dzakazaruka kwamaawa marefu zvikuru. Nzvero kubva ku Dare Rokusarudza inoratidzira kuti nokuvhota kwakasimba kwapakuvamba kunoona 3=5%. Colorado, iyo zvino inochengeta sarudzo dzose dzemamail, yaona kutora kukwira zvikuru, zvikurukuru musarudzo dzapakati penguva.

Zuva Rokusarudza Sezororo Rerudzi

Nyika makumi mashanu nesere dzinoita Zuva Rokusarudza zororo ravose. United States haisati, uye vashandi vazhinji, zvikurukuru vashandi vamaawa ose, vachitamburira kuwana nguva yokuvhota. Nepo kuita zororo roga hakusati kuchizobvisa mhinganidzo dzose, kunotumira chiratidzo chine simba chokuti kuvhota chinhu chokutanga chenyika uye kungabetsera kuwana mari yakaderera uye vashandi vanochinja kutora rutivi.

Dzidzo Yemipumburu Nokumanikidzwa Kwevanhu

Kuvandudza kwenguva refu munzvero kunoda kuvakwa kwetsika yokuvhota. Gadziriro dzinodzidzisa vadzidzi vechikoro chapamusoro pamusoro pekunyoresa uye macovota dzakaratidzwa kuva dzinowedzera namapfundo echikamu 2-4 muzana pakati pavaduku. Sayenzi yePropalitiki yakavakirwa panzanga-ibukira kunze-pamute (GOTV) inoda kuti nhamburiko dzomunhu oga (/mabhangi orunhare, uye zviyeuchidzo zvemashoko) zviri pakati pezvishandiso zvinoshanda zvikuru. Kunzvera kwakabudiswa mu Sayenzi yePS[FLT] yeP] yakawana kuti onano imwe yomunhu oga inogona kuwedzera nechemo yakakwirira zvikuru ne 10 muzana.

Kuchinja Kukuru Kwegadziriro Yezvinhu

Chinjo kunzira iyo tinosarudza tinogona kusimudzira nayo kuvimbisana. Kuvhota kweRanked-choice kunoderedza “chinoparira” uye kunopa vavhoti zvisarudzo zvine revo zvikuru, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera kubuda muvaprimrim namadzinza omunzvimbomo. Oregon, iyo yakagamuchira RCV nokuda kwesarudzo dzomunzvimbomo, yakaona bvumirano yetatu yekamuro neyazvigaro, kunyange zvazvo mashoko akafara enyika paRCV yetapuro dzechamubatanidzwa achiri kumuka.

Basa Riviri Roruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nezvemagariro Evanhu

Zvishandiso Zvinobatsira Pamagetsi

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwakatochinja nzira iyo vanhu vanodzidza nayo pamusoro pesarudzo. Kunyoresa kwepaIndaneti kwava kuwanika zvino muzvinyorwa 41 uye kwakapfavisa mutoo wacho wemamiriyoni. Smartphone apps inogovera nzvimbo dzokuvhotera, zvirongwa zvokuroosa, uye nguva dzokumirira. Masangano enhau anoronga zviyeuchidzo uye maturusi okushandisa avana vezera rimwe chete akaratidzwa kuti kuwedzera zvine mwero, zvikurukuru pakati pevaduku.

Ngozi Neganhuriro

Zvisinei, ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu harusi chinhu chinotsiva. Masangano enzanga anogona kuparadzirawo mashoko asina kunaka pamusoro pemiitiro yokuvhota nenzvimbo yokuvhota zvenhema kana kuti miganhu yokunyoresa inotsausa. Nhimbe dzekusarudza dzakabatanidzwa kuti dzisarudze vanhu vashoma nokunzwa mashoko asina kururama. Kuwedzera, kukamukana kwemagariro kunoreva kuti kuwanikwa kwezvikamu zvishoma uye vanhu vakura vemakombiyuta kungasabatsirawo zvakakura. Vagadziri vemichina vanofanira kuronga kuvandudza mibato yezvokunyora nokunyora mashoko ezvinobudisa nhau uye kuisa mutemo zvakasimba pakombiyuta.

Simba Reshoko Rimwe: Mienzaniso Yenyika Chaiyoiyo

Vapanikiri vanowanzobvunza, kuti, “Ko vhoti imwe inokosha chaizvoizvo here?” Nhau inogovera mhinduro dzakasimba. Musarudzo yapurezidhendi weU.S. George W. Bush akawina Florida(ne sachigaro(537) nevhoti. Madole emibatanidzwa yehurumende yemitemo akasarudzwa nezvigaro 80 zvehurumende. Boka rechikoro nesarudzo zveguta kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji zvinosarudzwa nechiverengero chiduku chavapumburuki. Kutaura idi, kusaita mari Fairvote[[FLT:]] yakawana kuti zvigaro 80 zvemitemo yomutemo mujahoridzo mu 20202020] zvakasarudzwa nenhamba duku kupfuura nhamba yezvivhoti zvechitatu.

Kupfuura madzinza mamwe namamwe, kuvhota kwakaderera munzvimbo yakati kana kuti boka ravagari vemo kunogona kuchinja muitiro wose weguta kana kuti hurumende kwamakumi amakore. chisarudzo chokusavhota chimene ivhoti nokuda kwenzvimbo, nokuda kwezvinodiwa naavo vakazviratidza.

Mugumisiro: Kuvaka Dhipatimende Rinoshandira Vose

Kana vagari vemo vakatora rutivi, hurumende dzinova vamiririri vakawanda, dzinozvidavirira zvikuru, uye dzinokwanisa kugadzirisa zvinetso zvenguva yedu.Padzinogara kumba, gadziriro yacho inorembera kuvashoma pane vakawanda.

Mashoko akanaka ndeokuti kuvhota kwakaderera hakudzivisiki. Nokubvisa mhinganidzo dzinobatanidza kunyoresa kwokuzviitikira nokuvhota kwakakodzera, kuisa mudzidzo yehurumende, uye kusimudzira tsika inopemberera kuvhota sekodzero uye mutoro, tinogona kuvaka hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu vakawanda. Nguva yemberi yehurumende yokuzvitonga inotsamira pairi. Sarudzo iri yose, inzwi riri rose, vhoti iri yose (hvhoti) inobatanidza yako neyako (mapotese zvaungaziva.