Chinonyorwa chitsama cheUnited States chinopfuura zvikuru kuganhurira kwapakare-pose. Icho chisakiso chebumbiro remitemo apo nyika inopa simba rezvamatongerwe enyika, inogovera mabhiriyoni emadhora mumari yehurumende, uye zvisarudzo zvemiitiro yetsika kwegumi rinotevera. Bva kusvika nhamba yakakwana neyakarurama idenho huru, zvikurukuru nokuda kwavagari vemo vakaderedzwa, vakasaiswa, uye vakachengetwa. Apo idzi nzanga dzinovakwa, miuyo inodzorwa mumativi ose oupenyu hwehurumende, kubva kumireza yehurumende yokupinda muutano, dzidzo, masangano, uye mabasa enzanga. Kunzwisisa mwero wezvikamu, zvinoparira, uye pesvedzero yokuverengwa kwavanhu zvinoiswa pasi, uye zvinobatanidzwa zvinodikanwa nokuda kwokuvaka nzvimbo dzose dzinovapo nedziridzwa.

Kunzwisisa Kuverengwa Kwenhamba

Nhamba inoverengwa inoitika apo chikamu chinokosha cheboka rakati revagari vemo chinorasika kana kuti kwete chose chose mukuverenga kwokupedzisira. Uku hakusati kuchingova hako kusadzoreka kwenhamba; kukundikana kwakarongwa kunotapura nenzira isingaenzaniswi avo vanototarisana nemhinganidzo dzokubatanidza. The Census Bureau inorondedzera “net yakasarira” somusiyano pakati pechiverengero chavagari vechokwadi chinofungidzirwa nenhamba yavanhu. Kumapoka akawanda akaganhurirwa, mukaha uyu unogona kuva wakasimba.

Nomusi wenhau, kuverengwa kwevagari vemo veAmerica kwave kuri chinetso chinopfuurira. Somuenzaniso, 2020 Census yakawana chiverengero chakaderera chavagari veAmerica vechiBlack kana kuti vaAfrica vane anenge 3.3%, vagari vemo veHispanic kana kuti Latino ve 5%, uye vaAmerican Indian kana kuti Alaska vagari vemo vanorarama panzvimbo dziri pedyo na5,6% — zvose zvikuru kupfuura nhamba yavachena vasiri vamahipati. Zvikonzero zveidzidzi dzinoparadzana idzi dzakaoma uye dzakavakwa, zvinobva pamubatanidzwa wokusavimbana muhurumende, miganhu yemitauro, ganhuriro yedzimba, nzvimbo dziri kure, uye kutya kudzorereka kwokuva vagari vemo. CHOVAD-19 yakanetsa zvikuru zvinetso izvi, kuvhiringidza kudzokorodza nhamburiko nokuzviita kuti zvive zvakaoma zvikuru kusvika kunzanga dzakaoma zvikuru.

Dare reCensus Bureau rinopa dzimwe nzvimbo nevagari vemo mashoko okuti “hadzisi nguva dzose kuti dzisvike padzinenge dziri. Idzi dzinosanganisira nzvimbo dzine urombo hwakawanda, nzvimbo dzinowanikwa zvishoma paIndaneti, nzvimbo dzinorendwa zvikuru, uye nhamba huru yevanobva kune dzimwe nyika kana kuti vakurukuri vasiri veEngland. Kunzwisisa zvinhu zvakajeka zvinotungamirira kukuvara mari inoshanda pakugadzira zvirongwa zvokushandisa mishonga.

Vanhu Vakanyatsorongwa Vanotapurwa

Uduku Hwedzinza Nehwedzinza

Rusaruraganda nedzinza zvishoma zvave zviri pakati pemapoka mashoma zvikuru muuwandu hwezviverengero. Kwemakumi amakore, kusaruramisira kwetsika — kubatanidza kuganhurirwa kwevagari vemo, kusachengeteka kwemari, uye kusavimba nokuunganidzwa kwemashoko ehurumende — zvakabetsera kuderedza uwandu hwezvikamu. 2020 Yakawana nhamba dzakaderera dzenhamba dzevatema neveSpain, pasinei zvapo nenhamburiko dzisingaenzaniswi. Somuenzaniso, Kuongorora kwechiRungu kwapachikamu chitsaru chaMazana eSpenican (Cunsurea) kwaifungidzirwa kuti chitsauko chakaderera muna 2020, makore okufambira mberi. Izvi zvinonyanya kushamisa kuti nzanga idzi dziri pakati pezvinoitwa nokukurumidza zvikuru munyika uye zvinotsamira zvikuru pamapurogiramu ehurumende anotsigirwa nokuverengwa nokuverengwa kwavanhu.

Vatami Nevasingatauri Chirungu

Vatami vasina kunyorwa, uyewo vagari vemo vemo voga voga vapamutemo, kazhinji kazhinji vanodzivisa kuverenga vanhu nemhaka yokutya kuti mashoko avo angagona kushandiswa nokuda kwokushanda kwekubuda munyika. Kunyange zvazvo Census Bureau iri kurambidzwa nomutemo kugoverana mhinduro dzomunhu oga nemimwe mibato, kubatanidza ICE, mashoko asina kururama uye kusavimbana. Mitemo yemitauro inorambawo ichiita basa guru: mhuri umo pasina munhu anotaura chiNgezi zvakanaka, kazhinji kazhinji kashoma kuti aite kuverengwa kwacho, zvikurukuru kana zvinhu zvisati zviripo mumutauro wavo. Mu202020, Cencasus Bureauty yakagovera mhinduro dzomunhu oga oga uye betsero yorunhare mumitauro 13, asi mapoka maduku akawanda akasiyiwa asina tsigiro zvakakwana. Migumisiro yacho imhakano huru yenzanga dzevatami vatamiri, inotungamirira kuderedzwa kwemasangano ezvematongerwe enyika nokuda kwemasangano echiNgekichanizi, uye kutarisirwa kwezvoutano.

Vanhu Vasina Misha

Vanhu vasina pokugara vanozivikanwa nemhando dzakaoma kurangarira munhamba. Vanowanzoshaiwa kero yakagadzwa, vangava vachigara mudzimba, misasa, kana kuti nzvimbo dzokugara, uye havawanzova nemhesano yokupinda paInternet kana kuti foni. Dare reTreasurence Bureau rinoshandisa mabasa chaiwo akadai se “Service-Extumed" (SBE) kuverenga vanhu vari pauvando, kicheni yemuto, uye nzvimbo dzinotakurwa zvokudya, asi nhamburiko idzi dzichiri kupo zhinji. 202020 Censubs yakatarisana nedenho dzakabva kumurasarira kweCHOVAD, sezvo nzvimbo dzakawanda dzebasa dzakaganhurirwa kana kuti dzakavharwa. Munzviverengero zvavagari vemo vanoenda kukuva vanhu vasina pokugara vakasununguka, mabasa ezvoutano hwendangariro, uye mamwe masangano anotambudza.

Vanhu Vane Urema

Vanhu vakaremara — mumuviri, mundangariro, kana kuti mumifungo — vanotarisana nemipinyi mikuru yokuwana mashoko pakuedza kuita chimwe chinhu. Zvikamu zveIndaneti zvingasanyatsowirirana nevaravi vemakombiyuta; zvimiro zvepepa zvingava zvakaoma kurava vaya vanoona zvishoma; uye muyamuro ungasavapo mumichina inowanika. Uyezve, vanhu vakaremara kazhinji kazhinji vanogara mudzimba dzemapoka, nzvimbo dzokuchengetera, kana kuti zvimwe nzvimbo dzokushandira uko miitiro yokuverenga vanhu inogona kuva isingawirirani. MaAmerica ane urema hwechimbichimbi zvinoda kuti chivakire chiBasaruvako cheCrimiac Act (AA) asi kugadziriswa kwave kusina kukodzera. Kuverengwa kwevanhu ava kunotungamirira kushambadzwa kwemari yemabasa okuremara, michina yemidhidha, uye kuwanikwa.

Maruwa Nemisha Iri Kure

Vagari vomumaruwa nenharaunda dziri kure zvikuru vanotarisanawo nedenho dzakadai sokupinda kwakavimbika kweInternet, kushaikwa kwekero dzegamuchidzanwa dzokutumira mashoko (muremo, P.O. mabhokisi), uye kuganhurirwa kwevagari vemo vanosvika pakuverenga vanhu. Nzanga zhinji dzomumaruwa — zvikurukuru idzo dziri munyika dzemaruwa — dzine mhindu yakaderera yenhau. Somuenzaniso, muna 2020, nhamba dzinoverengeka muAlaska neSouthwester dzakaona mwero yezvinatsiro zvakazvimirira pasi pe 20%. Uku kuverengwa kwakakomba kune miuyo yezvipatara zvokumaruwa, kukura kwakafara, uye gadziriro dzokurima dzinotsamira pakuverenga vanhu nokuda kwemari.

Kuwana Maakatanho Okuverenga Vanhu

Mufananidzo Wezvamatongerwe Enyika Wakaderedzwa

Mugumisiro wapakarepo wenhamba yavanhu vanoiswa mumitengo yakaderedzwa iduku. Kuverenga mashoko kunosarudza zvakananga kuti zvigaro zvingapi zvehurumende imwe neimwe zvinogamuchirwa muImba yeVamiririri kupfurikidza nokugovera. Mukuwedzera, mukati menyika, kuyera kunotsamira pakuyera kwakananga pakuda kuwanda kwemaruwa. Kana nzanga dzichivakwa nenhamba shoma, dzinorasikirwa nenzvimbo — dzose dziri mbiri dzehurumende nehurumende. Idzi dzinoreva kuti mitemo inotapura dzimba, mapurisa, utano, uye dzidzo inoumbwa nevanoisa zvirongwa zvemitengodzo yezvirongwa zvenzanga izvozvo. Somuenzaniso, kana nzanga yeguta iri Blabhurusi kana kuti chitema kana kuti chiSpanishi yakashairwa ne5%, kuti vanhu vangarasikirwa nechigaro chehurumende kana kuti kukweverwa muruwa rwadzoro.

Kugara Munzvimbo Dzinochengeterwa Mari Yakaderera

Zvirongwa zvehurumende zvinopfuura 350 zvinoshandisa mashoko okuverenga vanhu kuti zviparadzire mari inopfuura $1,5 mabhiriyoni US $5 gore negore kunzvimbo nenharaunda. Mari iyi inotsigira Medicaid, Children’s Health Inshuwarence Program (CHIP), SNAP (zviteshi zvezvokudya), zvirongwa zvechikoro, Head Star, fester, Chikamu che8, Chikamu mugwagwa mukuru, uye dzimwe dzakawanda. Zvikamu izvi zvinoshandura zvakananga mari kuti ishandiswe nokuda kwenzanga dzimene dzinoda mabasa aya. Somuenzaniso, 1% yezvitsauko zvezvizvarwa zvehurumende zvamadhora akawanda muyamuro yakarasika. Nokuda kwavagari vemo vakatorerwa neyamubatanidzwa yemari inototorerwa, iyi mikahasha yemari yeurombo nourombo.

Mumashoko Akarurama Okuronga Miitiro

Kupfuure nokumiririra uye mari, mashoko okuverenga vanhu ndiwo mavambirwo emitemo yehurumende yose. Varongi veguta vanoishandisa kusarudza kwokuvaka zvikoro zvitsva, zvipatara, mheto, uye nzvimbo dzokudzimisa vanhu. Vakuru vakuru vezveutano vanovimba nazvo kugovera mari yokudzivirira hosha, utano hwaamai, uye nzanga. Masangano anotarisira zvirwere zvemasanga anoshandisa mashoko okuronga njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga nezvirwere. Kana vanhu vakaderera vatongerwa kuwanda, zvirongwa izvi zvinovakirwa pamitengo isina kururama, zvichitungamirira kumitengwa kwemari inotengeswa uye mabasa zvinokundikana kusvika kuvanhu vanoda kuzvidzivirira. Somuenzaniso, nzanga ine nhamba huru yavatami vatami vanobva munyika inova vanobva munyika inosarira kuvaranwa zvirwere, zvinoguma nokusarira kwemipiyunziro yemitezo yezve.

Kusimbiswa Kwamaruramiro Avagari Vemo Akaneta

Mitemo yenhamba ibasa rakakomba rokusimbisa mitemo yekodzero dzevanhu. Inoshandiswa kuongorora kuwirirana neVoting Rights Act (Kudavidzwa 2 neChikamu 203), Fair Howation Act, uye Ecume Educational Marble Orgable Act. Kuwana kuti ufakazi hwokuti vatsigiri namasangano ehurumende vanogona kushandisa kuzivisa rusaruro uye mishonga inoda mishonga. Kana ukuru hwechokwadi hwechiverengero chavagari vemo chichivanzwa nenhamba, zvinetso zvokuvandika maruwa akarendererwa kana kuti miitiro yokukweretesa mari inova yakaoma kunova yakaoma kubvumikisa. Ikoku kunosekesa makumi amakore efambiro mberi kurusaruraganda neruramisiro yezve.

Nhoroondo uye Kuverengwa Kwevanhu 2020

Kunetseka pamusoro pokuverenga nhamba yakaderera hakusi kutsva. Zvurusarudzo ya1990 yakawana nhamba yenhamba yevatema yakafungidzirwa kuva 4,6%, yakatungamirira kumatare uye kuzvipira kwakamutsidzirwa kuti ive nokuvandudza kururama. 2000 ne2010 Censues dzakaita migumisiro inokosha, nemhaka yokuwedzera kufambidzana, mapurogiramu ezvirongwa zvekushandira pamwe, uye nzira dzakavandudzwa. Zvisinei, 2020 CVS yakatarisana nedenho dzisina kumboenzana, kubatanidza kukundikana kuedza kuwedzera kuva nohuvanzi, COVIID-19 denda renyika, uye kudzokororwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwakapfupikisa kuunganidzwa kwenguva. Mugumisiro wacho wakanga uri mugumisiro wakavhengana: nemitemo yose yenhau, yaidzorwa mumapoka emarudzi akasiyana-marudzi.

Mushumo wakabva kuUrban Institute wakasimbisa kuti 2020 Chovara yaiverengwa navagari veSpain navanopfuura 2% mukuenzanisa na2010, uye kuwanda kwavagari vemo veAmerica Nomunabhi nevemaIndia kwakawedzerawo. Uku kudzokera kunosimbisa kuvadziko yetsika yokuverengwa kwavanhu kunyonganiswa kwezvamatongerwe enyika nenzanga. Zvidzidzo muna 2020 zvakajeka: pasina dziviriro dzakasimba uye mari yakatsaurirwa nokuda kwokukwira, kuverengwa kuchapfuurira uye kunyange kutoipa zvikuru.

Zvirongwa Zvokuvandudza Kururama Kwenhamba

Kubatana Kwenzanga uye Kuvaka Chivimbo

Kuvaka chivimbo nenzanga dzine miganhu yakaderedzwa ndiyo nzira inokosha zvikuru yokuderedza nayo nhamba. Census Bureau inofanira kushandira pamwe nemasangano omunzvimbomo anovimbwa, masangano anotsigirwa nokutenda, nzvimbo dzezveutano hwenzanga, uye zvikoro. Idzi shanyi dzinoshanda pamwe chete dzinogona kupa mashoko anokwanisa etsika anokurukura rutyo rwakananga — zvakadai sezvinhu zvechakavanzika — uye kupa mashoko akarurama mumitauro mizhinji. “Dengula Councial Committees” type, umo vatungamiriri vomunzvimbomo vakabatanidza nhamburiko, vakaratidza chipikirwa. Nokuda kwezviverengero zvenguva yemberi, kupfuudzira mari muaya masangano kunyange mumakore anotengwa.

Kuwana Mutauro uye Kutsigira Mitauro Yakawanda

Kuverenga vakurukuri vasiri French nenzira inobudirira, Census Bureau inofanira kuwedzera betsero yomutauro kupfuura mitauro 13 yazvino. Kugovera zvinhu netsigiro yorunhare muinenge mitauro 20 kusvikira ku30 — kufukidza mitauro inotaurwa kazhinji zvikurusa muUnited States — kwaizovandudzi zvikuru mwero yemhinduro. Uyezve, bureau inofanira kubatanidzwa navaturikiri vomunzanga namabasa okushandura kuti kuchengetedze kushambadza kwetsika. Mumitauro yeredhiyo, terevhizheni, uye manyuko enzanga anokoshawo. Mukati ma202020 Censubs, mamwe mapoka akashambadzira kushambadza muSpanish, Korean, Tagalog, uye chiArab nebudiriro inopfukubudirira.

Kuwanikwa Kwava Kuitwa Vanhu Vane Urema

Census Bureau inofanira kuisa panzvimbo yavose gadziriro mumichina yose inovhura vanhu, kubatanidza mapeji, uye nzvimbo dzemapepa. Izvi zvinoreva kuva nechokwadi chokuti zviteshi zvemichina zvinonyatsowirirana neruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu zvakadai sokuverenga makombiyuta uye kudzora inzwi. Zvinorevawo kupa kududzira mitauro yeSaini yeSaini yeAmerica nokuda kwebetsero yevhidhiyo uye kupa shanduro huru dzezvinhu. Vashandi vepanzvimbo yokurovedza kuti vanyatsokurukurirana nevanhu vane ruzivo uye nezvinoremadza muviri zvinokosha zvakafanana. Kuwana mashoko nekodzero dzekodzero dzemunhu kunoitwa nemasangano ekodzero dzemunhu kugona kubudisa misiyano isati yasvika nguva yokuverenga vanhu.

Kushandiswa Kwakawedzerwa Kwezvinyorwa Zvehurumende

Kuwedzera kutsananguro yakananga, Census Bureau inogona kushandisa mapepa okutarisira — akadai semashoko anobva kuIRS, Social Security Administration, masangano ezvoutano enyika, uye Postal Service — kuti izivise mhuri dzingave dzakashaikwa. Mukati me20 Census, breau yakashandiswa kuzadza mashoko okudzora mukushaikwa kwedzimwe dzimba, asi kushandiswa kwakafara kungagona kuvandudza kururama kwezviverengero zvakaoma zvevagari vemo. Zvisinei, dziviriro dzakavanzika dzinofanira kusimba kuti dzichengete ruvimbiko rwavose. Kuisa chiremera cheCenturies Bureauce kujekesa mapepa akati apo kudzivirira chengetedzo kui nhamburiko iyi.

Kuchinja Kwomutemo Nokutonga

Dare rinogona kuita basa guru kupfurikidza nokugovera mari yakatsiga neyakakwana nokuda kwemibato yokuverenga vanhu. 2020 CVS yakadzorwa mumakore ayo apakuvamba, uko kwakagombedzera bhurau kuti ribvise kuedza kwemiedzo yomuraudzo ndokuyera kudzokera. Vaiti vemitemo vanofanira kubvumira kuti pave nerinongedzero yemari inotangira pashure pemakore 10 pashure pokuverengwa kwavanhu kumwe nokuverengwa, zvichibvumira nokuda kwokunzvera nokuronga. Kuwedzera, mutemo unorambidza zvakajeka kuiswa kwomubvunzo wevagari vemo (kana kuedzwa zvakakwana) uye kusimbisa dziviriro dzezvivi zvingaderedzawo kutya munzanga dzavatami. Hurumende inofanirawo kupfuudza mitemo inotsigira nhamburiko dzokuverenga nokuvimbisa kuti vanhu vomutorongo vanoverengwa pamusha pavo, kwete panzvimbo dzokugadziridza — kuchinja kwaizoita magariro ezvirongwa zvemavara.

Kuongorora Nyaya: Kubatsira Kunoita Kuverenga Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico inopa muenzaniso wakasimba wengozi dzokuverenga vanhu kusingaverengeki. Pashure peHurricane Maria muna 2017, nhamba yevagari vechitsuwa chacho yakaderera zvikuru nemhaka yokutama kunyika. 2020 Censues yakaratidza chiverengero chavagari vapasi vane mamirioni 3.28, 11.8% kubva muna 2010. Zvisinei, vamwe vanotema nhamba dzechiverengero chavagari vemo vanodavira kuti vangave vari vaduku, nepo vamwe vachipikisa nhamba huru yevagari vemo — zvikurukuru avo vakabviswa nedututunhu uye vanogara mudzimba dzechinguvana. Chinoumba chakaderera chakaderera chinotapura zvakananga purofiti yemari yehurumende yakaita seMedicaid, yamuro, uye purofiti. Nemhaka yokuti Puerto Rico haina ufakazi hwokuvhotera muCongress, zvikurukuru inokuvadza apo vanhu vayo vanogara mumugariro wengozi. Chino chapameso chengozi munzanga yemari yemari inoshavo yakashatsatsatsa nharaunda yenzanga yenzanga yenzanga yenzanga yenzanga yenzanga yenzanga yenzanga yenzanga yeCedictoographtic.

Basa Roruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nokuchinja

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rungabatsira kuderedza kuderera kwemitengo kana yakaiswa nokufunga. Kushandiswa kwemakombiyuta pachayo muna 2020 kwakanga kuri kuchinja kukuru, uye nepo kwakavandudzika kunetesa kune vakawanda, kwakaparirawo kupesana kwemadhigirii. Mishamba isina kuvimbwa neInternet yakavimbika yaigona kuva nechinetso. Kuverengwa kwavanhu munguva yemberi kunofanira kusanganisira zvisarudzo zvemakombiyuta, zvinobatanidza mashoko okuisa zvinhu zvakaoma kuisa panzvimbo dzinogara. Zvikependi kuvana vara-mabharabhurositi kuti vaone kuchinja kuchinja mafashoni edzimba. Zvikependi dzeteshi dzemichina dzeteshi dzinowedzera kubatana munzvimbo dzinochengeterwa pasi pevhu kugonawo kubatsira vanhu kuti vasave nokungwarira kuti vasavire maarusarusa.

mhedziso

Kuverengwa kwakaderera kwevagari vemo mukuita kuti vanhu vaverengerwe hakungovi chinetso chebasa; injodzi yevagari vemo inosimudzira kusaenzana uye inoderedza hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Kana vanhu vasingaverengeki, vanoonekwa sevasingaoneki — vabviswa simba rezvematongerwe enyika, vapiwe zviwanikwa, uye vabviswa mumashoko anoumba zvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zvenyika. Kugadzirisa nhau iyi kunoda kuzvipira kusingaperi kubva kuCentiareare Bureau, Congress, hurumende, hurumende dzomunzvimbomo, uye masangano enzanga. Kunoda mari, kuvaka chivimbo, kukwanisa kuwana, kuwanika kwomutauro, uye kushandiswa kwokuchenjera kweruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu. 2030 C. Basa kunova nechokwadi kuti munhu ari wose — pasinei nemari, kutama, kuoma kwemiteve, kana kuti mamiriro ezvinhu edzimba — zvinototovamba.