Mipimo Yapamutemo Yezvinodikanwa Zvinotsigira Mukutama

Zviito zvokuchengetedza utsotsi muUnited States zvinoshanda pamhatsa yedziviriro dzebumbiro-mitemo, chiremera chemitemo, uye zvinhu chaizvoizvo zvinoshanda. Chinodikanwa chokuti vatsigiri vomutemo vawane mutemo vasati vaita nzvero kana kuti kusungwa ikokukosha kwemiitiro youtsotsi yeAmerica, asi kushandiswa kwayo mumashoko apamutemo okupinda munyika yakasiana zvikuru. Kunzwisisa iyi mipimo yapamutemo inokosha nokuda kwavanachiremba vokupinda munyika, vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru, uye vanhu vamwe navamwe vangasangana navamiriri vehurumende vanobuda munyika. Nyaya ino inopa nzvero huru yezvinodikanwa zvepamutemo mumitengidzo yokudzo yokudzo yokupinda munyika muvaleki vagari vemo, kubatanidza musiyano pakati pezvibvumiro zvokudzora uye utsotsi, zvisarudzo zvapamutemo, zvinoshanda, uye zvinoshanda.

Kuchinja Kwechina Nokumanikidzwa Kupinda Munyika

Chibvumirano chechina cheBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. chinodzivirira kodzero yevanhu yokudzivisa kunzvera kusina mufungo nepfari.Inowanzoda kuti vakuru vakuru vanotarisira mutemo vawane maruramiro akavakirwa pachisakiso chingabvira vasati vaita nzvero kana kuti kusungwa, kutoti kutoti chakasiana chinozivikanwa.

Mu IN v. Lopez-Mendoza, 468 U.S. 1032 (194), Dare rakatonga kuti mutemo wokubvisa ganda (ihwo hwaiwanzova ufakazi hunowanwa mukuputswa kweGrandment yeChina) haishandi mukuendesa vanhu kunze kwokunge kuputsa kwaityisa. Chisarudzo ichi chakaganhurira zvikuru mishonga inowanika kuvanhu vanomiswa, vanobvunzurudzwa, kana kuti vakasungwa navakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vokupinda munyika pasina mvumo. Kunyanguvezvo, Pendement yeChina inopfuurira kuisa muganhu pamusoro penziradziro nepo zviito zvokudzorwa kushambadza vanhu kushambadza kunogona kuitika.

Vamiririri Vamabhizimisi Vanorwisana Namatsotsi

Rutivi rukuru rwokuita kuti vasapinda munyika vave vapfumi ishandisirwo ye pamutemo yakabudiswa neBato reHomeland Security (DHS) kana kuti mutongi anotama, mukupesana nokutsvaka utsotsi kana kuti kusunga zvibvumikiso zvakabudiswa nemutongi wehurumende. Chiremera chepamutemo chezvibvumikiso zvokudzora chinowana kubva muImmigration and Nationality Act (INA), zvikurukuru 8 U.S.U.C. 76 1226(a) uye 8 U.S.C.

Zviratidzo Zvevamiriri Vanotarisira

  • [[FT:0] chiremera chokubudisa: [[[FLT: 1] vatongi vokutamisa kana kuti vakuru vakuru veDHS vanogoverwa naAttorney General, kwete majistari asina rutivi mupfungwa youtsotsi.
  • Chiratidzo chinodikanwa: Chinoda kuratidzwa kwechisakiso chinobvira chokuti munhu wacho anobviswa, icho chiri chikumbaridzo chakaderera kupfuura chinobvira chisakiso chokupunzwa kwoutsotsi.
  • Kumanikidzirwa: Zvibvumikiso zvoutarisiri zvagara zvakakwana nokuda kwokusungwa munzvimbo dzavose, asi chiremera chazvo chokupinda muimba yokugara yapachivande chakaganhurirwa zvikuru.

Mabhinya anobvumirwa, mukupesana, anofanira kutsigirwa nemupikidzi akapikirwa kuisa chisakiso chinobvira chokuti mhaka yakaitwa uye inofanira kusainwa namajasitiriti wehurumende. Vanobvumira zvose zviri zviviri kusungwa uye nhafu huru yokunzvera. Nemhaka yokuti kushambadzira kunoitwa muvambindindi, kwete utsotsi, miraudzo yehurumende inoramba iri chishandiso chikuru cheICE (Immignation and Custom Custom Enforcementmentment) uye vamiri vaMarindi veBorikiti. Zvisinei, kana mukuru mukuru mukuru weva weva vashanyi vane chikonzero chokudavira kuti munhu akaitawo mhaka youtsotsi yemhosva yemhosva yemhosva , kwete sechimbidzo pashure pokubudiswa kwe 8 U.C.

“ Kupinda Mumusha” Chinodikanwa: Chibharo Chakakwirira Chomunzveri Woutsotsi

Dare reChina Refusion rinogovera dziviriro yakawedzerwa nokuda kwomusha. Mu Revoton v. New York, 445 U.S.53 (1980), Dare Rapamusoro rakataura kuti vakuru vakuru vamapurisa vangasapinda mumusha womunhu pasina murairo usiri migariro kana kuti bvumirano. Nheyora imwe cheteyo inoshanda kuvakuru vakuru vezvifambi. United States v.[FFLT:3], 25 F.3d 1426 (9th Kir. 1994), nharaunda yeNUPUPUUPUUNGARANGARANGARORORO yedare risingabvumi kuti vabati vapinde mudzimba pasina kururamiswa nomutemo, sechibvumirano cheutsotsi.

Ikoku kunoreva kuti kungova nechiremera chokudzora chokusungwa kwomunhu mumwe nomumwe hakupi vamiriri veICE maruramiro okumanikidza kupinda mumusha womunhu iyeyo. Kupinda nenzira yapamutemo mumusha womunhu iyeyo, vakuru vakuru vanoenda kumusha kazhinji kazhinji vanofanira kuwana rugwaro rwokunzvera utsotsi kubva kumajaji wehurumende, kuchengetera kubvumira kwokuzvidira kwomugari wemo, kana kuti kuratidzira kuti migariro yapanguva imwe (m., kuparadzwa kwoufakazi, ngozi yokupukunyuka, kana kuti tyisidziro yekotsekano) iripo. Iyi nheyo inowanzopfupikiswa se: [[FLT: 0]] “Murayiro wehurumende ipepa, kwete kiyi.

Zvisarudzo Zvinokosha Zvedare Zvinoderedza Zvinodiwa Zvinoda Kurwiswa

Kunzwisisa izvi zvisarudzo kunokosha nokuda kwokuyera kuva pamutemo kwechiito chipi nechipi chokutama.

United States v. Martinez-Fuerte, 428 U.S. 543 (1976)

Dare Rapamusoro rakatsigira kushandiswa kwenzvimbo dzokunzvera zvechigarire vatami mumigwagwa iri pedyo nomuganhu, richitonga kuti kumira kwakadaro hakudi kunyumwirwa nomunhu mumwe. Iyi mhaka yakabvumikisa “nzvimbo inosiiwa yecherekedzo yehedhi yechembere kuinodikanwa” kuchibvumira kumira kupfupi nokuda kwokubvunza pasina mvumo. Zvisinei, Dare rakasimbisa kuti kunzvera kukuru kwokupinda muboka kwakakomba kwakadai sokunzvera kwemotokari.[1]still anoda chisakiso kana kuti kubvumira.

United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez, 494 U.S. 259 (1990)

Chisarudzo ichi chakaganhurira kutsarukana kweGadziriro yeChina kuvaenzi vasina batano huru neUnited States. Dare rakataura kuti Gadziriro yeChina haishandi kunzvera zvinhu zvomuenzi asina chigaro munyika yokumwe. Iyi mhaka inowanzodudzwa mumashoko ounzvero hwemichinjikwa kana kuti zviito zvokudzika mutemo mukurwisana norudzi rwokumwe.

Arizona v. United States, 567 U.S. 387 (2012)

Dare racho rakacherechedza kuti vakuru vakuru vemitemo yehurumende havagoni kusunga vanhu vakavakirwa chose chose pakuputswa kwehurumende kwehurumende pasina maruramiro.

[[FORT:0] Pena v. United States, 2017 (dare rapasi)

Munhau iyi, vanhu vamwe navamwe vakadenha kupinda kweICE mumusha pasina maruramiro mukati mebasa rinodzorwa. Dare rakatonga kuti murairo wokudzora wokubvisa hausati uchigovera chiremera chokupinda mumusha pasina mvumo kana kuti migariro yakakomba, inowirirana ne KIM[. Iyi nheyo yakagamuchirwa zvikuru nematare oruwa.

Vakasiyana Nevanhu Vanofanira Kuteerera Mutemo Usingarambidzwi

Kunyange panowanzodiwa tsamba, vanoshanda kunzvimbo dzinobuda vanhu vachibva kune dzimwe nyika vanobvumira kuti vashande pasina imwe chete.

Kubvuma

Kana munhu akabvumira nokuzvidira kusechwa kwake, zvinhu zvake, kana kuti musha, rugwaro rusiri madikanwa. Kubvuma kunofanira kupiwa pachena, pasina kumanikidzwa. Vakuru vakuru vokutama vanopiwa kukumbira kukumbira zvakajeka, uye vangakumbira mvumo yokupinda muimba kana kuti zvinyorwa zvokunzvera. Dare rinoyera hwerengedzo yemigariro kusarudza kana kubvumira kwakanga kuri kwokuzvidira. Nemhaka yekuti, kuvapo kwavamiriri vakawanda, zvombo zvinokweva, kana kuti mapfuti kuchawanzobvisa kuwanikwa kwebvumirano yokuzvidira.

Migariro Yakaoma

Mumamiriro ezvinhu umo kuwana gwaro repamutemo kungabvumira ufakazi kuparadzwa, kunyumwirwa kutiza, kana kuti tyisidziro yapakarepo kuchengeteko yavose kana kuti yomukuru mukuru yokuoneka, vakuru vakuru vangapinda mumusha kana kuti kunzvera pasina mvumo. Somuenzaniso, kana mupoteri anozivikanwa achionekwa achipinda mumusha uye pane chikonzero chokudavira kuti vachatiza, vamiriri veICE vangaronda pasina maruramiro. Mururami anofanira kuva wechokwadi uye kwete kutangwa nemitemo.

Kutsvaka Muganhu Kwakasiyana

Zvichida chikanganiso chikurusa chokuva vatamiswi kunzvimbo dzinonzi vashandiswe. Kunzvera kunoitwa pamuganhu wemuganhu kana kuti zvimwe zvakafanana nako (muchib., mativi endege emarudzi ose, zviteshi zvengarava, dzimwe nzvimbo dzokunzvera dzomukati) hakudi pamutemo kana kuti kunyange chisakiso chinobvira. Dare gurusa mu United States v. Ramsey[, 431 U.S677), raidavira kuti kunzvera muganhu “kune mufungo” murevo refesimende yeChina nechiremera chehurumende choukuru hwehurumende kudzora avo vanopinda munyika. Uku kunotambanurira kukunzvera motokari, mitoro, uye makombiyuta, kunyange zvazvo makombiyuta emagetsi achipfuurira kunzvera.

“ Knock, ” kana kuti “Hamufaniri Kusungwa?

Vamiririri vanobuda munyika vangasvika vanhu vari munzvimbo dzavose . zvakadai semigwagwa, mapaka, kana kuti nzvimbo dzokushandira () uye kubvunza mibvunzo pasina mvumo, chero bedzi vasingapindi mudariro. Munhu sezvingabvira haana kusununguka pamutemo kusiya kana vakuru vakuru vakuru vachiratidza zvombo, kushandisa inzwi rokurayira, kana kuti kuvhara nzira yomunhu. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, kusangana kwacho kunova kufungira kunenge kuchida kufungira kuputsa kune mufungo. Kusungwa kwepamutemo (kusungwa kwokupedzisira), pamutemo kunodikanwa chaizvoizvo munzvimbo dzavose, asi kusungwa kuzhinji kuchiri kunodikanwa pakuvapo kwetsamba kana kuti kusiiwa.

Miganhu Inotyisa: Varwi Vanogona Kurwirei?

Vakuru vakuru vanotamisira vagari vemo vane chiremera chikuru chokuita kuti kusungwa kuve kwakavakirwa papamutemo wokudzora muUnited States. Zvisinei, chiremera chavo chokupinda munzvimbo dzinotapukira . zvakadai sedzimba dzokunamatira, zvikoro, zvipatara, kana kuti dzimba dzedare (zvichinodzorwa nemitemo yeDHS). Muna 2021, DHS yakabudisa nhungamiro inoganhurira zviito zvokusungisa mumatare, zvikoro, uye zvivako zvokurapa. Nepo iyi mitemo isina simba romutemo wemitemo, ivo vanogadzira dziviriro dzemitemo yemitemo ingatapura kusungwa kana kutyorwa, kunyange kana maruramiro acho amene akasimba. Masangano ehurumende anowanzodenha zviito izvo zvinobatanidza iyi mitemo inotanharira kuiswa munze, kunyange zvazvo matare nguva dzose asina kuraira ufakazi.

Mabhuku Anoshanda Avanotama Vachitenga Zvokutenga Nevanhu

Kunzwisisa zvinodiwa kuti munhu abvumirwe kutsigira mutemo kunokosha kune munhu wose angashanda neICE kana kuti CBP. zviri pasi apa ndizvo zvinokosha kuvose vari vaviri nyanzvi dzemitemo nevanhu vari kutarisana nezviito zvokutarisira kuchengetwa kwemitemo.

Nokuda Kwavanhu Vamene

  • [ Usazarura suo kutoti uchida kutaura. Kutoti vakuru vakuru vakapa rugwaro rwokutsvaka utsotsi rwakasainwa namejasitiriti wehurumende, haudikanirwi kuvapinza mumusha mako. Unogona kutaura nepasuo kana pahwindo.
  • Kumbira kuona chibvumikiso. Kumbira vakuru vakuru kupinza gwaro pasi pesuo kana kuti kuriisa kuwindo. Nzvera kana iri maruramiro okutungamirira (Form-200 kana kuti I-205) kana kuti dare rokutsvaka utsotsi. Asati apa mvumo yokupinda mumusha.
  • Une maruramiro okunyarara. Kunyange mumiitiro yokupinda munyika, haudikanirwi kupindura mibvunzo kupfuura kugovera zita rako nezvinyorwa zvinozivisa. Bvunza gweta usati wataura mashoko api naapi.
  • Kana ukasungwa kana kuti kusungwa, kumbira kutongwa pamberi pomutongi wokutama. Une maruramiro okukwikwidza kuva nechokwadi kwokusungwa kwako nokutsunga kwako.

Nokuda Kwavatengesi

  • Gadzira kushanda kwemitemo yokudzora. Mumiitiro yokubvisa, unogona kubvisa ufakazi kana hwakashata kana kuti kana hwakaurawa zvisina kufanira (g., kupinda mumusha pasina mvumo). Nepo Leopaz-Mendo miganhu, kuputsa kweChina
  • [ Shandisa dziviriro yokubvuma. Kana mutengi wako akasungwa pasina gwaro mumusha, inoramba kuti kubvumira kupi nokupi kunopomerwa kwakapiwa migariro yacho pasina kuzvidira.
  • mamiriro ezvinhu enzvimbo nebatano dzomunzvimbomo. Kubvira [[FT:2] Arizona v. United States, nyika dzakawanda dzakapfuudza mitemo yenzvimbo tsvene inoganhura batira pamwe namapurisa. Kunzwisisa mutemo womunzvimbomo kunogona kugovera dzimwe dziviriro nokuda kwavatengi.
  • Kugara kwakagadziridzwa pachinjo dzemiitiro yeDHS. Kuisa mutemo kweBiden pakutanga kwe 2021 uye nhungamiro yokurongera kurongeka kungatapura kuti ikoi uye apo ICE inoita maruramiro. Kutyora mutemo kunogona kusimudzirwa mumiitiro yokutarisira nedenho dzedare.

Kufambira Mberi Kwemisi Yazvino Uno Nemipimo Inochinja

Zvinodikanwa zvinoshanda mukuchengetwa kwevatami hazvisi zvinogara. Matare anopfuurira kuchenesa miganhu yokutsvaka muganhu, zvikurukuru pamusoro pokunzvera masero emagetsi. United States v. Cano, 944 F.3d 1002 (9 Kir. 2019), dare rakaramba richinamira kuti kunzvera kusina pamutemo kwesero pamuganhu kunoda kuratidzwa kwenyumwiro ine mufungo yakapiwa mukana wemashoko makuru akavanzika. Dare Rapamusoro harisati rataura iyi nhau yakananga, richisiya nharaunda yakakamukana. Kuwedzera, kushandiswa kwokutarisira kukura kwezvibvumikiso zvokusungwa pasina kupomerwa mhaka kwaparwa kwapamutemo kwakatorwa mumapoka ehurumende uye vamwe vatongi vehurumende.

Chimwe chinhu chiri kubuda iko kuchengetwa kwemitemo yokupinda munyika mu “maguta nehurumende. Mumaganhu umo zviremera zvomunzvimbomo zvinoramba kukudza zvikumbiro zveICE, vamiriri veICE vangada kuita magwaro avo vamene zvakananga. Ikoku kunotungamirira kukuvhiya kwamazano ayo pane dzimwe nguva kunobatanidza kupinda kana kuti kuvimba nemvumo isina pamutemo kana kuti mushandirwi. Matare akarangarira kuti pamutemo wehurumende wapamutemo wakapiwa neDHS wakakwana kusungwa navose, asi hakukusi kukurira dziviriro yeGenetic Reformation yeGenetic yehoous yemusha.

mhedziso

Hurumende inodzora zvinodikanwa zvemitemo mukuchengetwa kwevatami ibonde remitemo yebumbiro remitemo, chiremera chemitemo, uye muenzaniso wedare. Nepo mirau yehurumende inogovera danda rakaderera kuti vasunge vanhu vanofungidzirwa kuti vanoputswa nokupinda munyika, havabvumiri kunzvera kwokukurumidza kupinda mumisha kana kuti kuita mufambiro unosundwa. Gadziriro yeChina inopfuurira kupa dziviriro dzine revo, zvikurukuru mudzimba dzapachivande, uye kunze kweyakadai sokubvumira, migariro inochinjika, uye kunzvera muganhu zvinorangarirwa chose chose chose. Nokuti vose vari vaviri vanachiremba navanhu vamwe navamwe, zivo yemipimo iyi iko mutsetse wokutanga wedziviriro mukurwisana nezviito zvisiri pamutemo.

Kuwedzera, ona pawebsite yeKudzora kweMberi, chitsama che [[FLT:] ACLU pakodzero dzevatami , uye [[FLT] Office yeImmigration Review nokuda kwokushandura. Nyanzvi dzemitemo dzinofanira kubvunza mutemo wakakodzera nemiraudzo yemitemo nguva dzose, sezvo miganhu yekodzero inopfuurira kushandura.