Kunzwisisa Mitero Yomunzvimbomo Nebasa Rayo Mukushandisa Mari Kwenzanga

Mitero yomunzvimbomo inoumba dzimbahwe remari remaguta, maruwa ezvikoro muUnited States. Iyi mitero inoparira mari inodikanwa kutungamirira zvikoro, kuchengeta migwagwa, kuchengeta nharaunda dzakachengeteka, uye kugovera mabasa outano anokosha. Pasina mitero yomunzvimbomo, vazhinji vemitero inotsamira pamitero yomunzvimbomo yaizovapo zuva nezuva kana kuti yaizova yakanyanyoderera zvikuru. Bva vagari vemo vazhinji havasati vachisanzwisisa pamusoro pokurongwa kweiyi mitero, uko mari inoenda, uye chikonzero nei mutoro wavo wemitero womunzvimbomo uchisiyana kubva kunzvimbo imwe. Nyaya inoputsa mitero yomunzvimbomo, inonzvera tapuro yayo panzanga, uye vanogovera nzira dzinoshanda nokuda kwavagari vemo kuti vapinde mukurukurirano dzemitero.

Muna 2021, hurumende nenzvimbo zvakaunganidza mari inopfuura $3,8 mabhiriyoni emadhora, netsama yemitero yomunzvimbomo yehwerengedzo iyoyo, mukuwirirana neUrban Institute[. Mitero yezvinhu yoga yakaumbwa nainenge mahofisi matatu emari yose yomutero yomunzvimbomo. Kunzwisisa izvi zviverengero zvinobetsera vagari vemo kuona mwero noukoshi hwemitero yomunzvimbomo mudzimba dzavo vamene.

Mitero Yomunzvimbomo Chii?

Mitero yomunzvimbomo mitero inomanikidzirwa inoiswa nehurumende dzomunyika imwe chete-imwe . yakadai samanisita, maruwa chaiwo, uye maruwa ezvikoro (*) kuti itsigire mabasa avose anotapura zvakananga vagari vemo. Kusafanana nemitero yehurumende kana kuti yehurumende, mitero yomunzvimbomo inounganidzwa ichishandiswa munzvimbo imwe cheteyo, ichipa vagari vemo batano yakajeka pakati peicho vanobhadhara nezvavanogamuchira. Chiremera chapamutemo chemitero yomunzvimbomo chinobva mumitemo yenyika kana kuti miraudzo, izvo zvinoreva marudzi nemwero zvemitero zvinowanika zvinosiana zvikuru munyika. Somuenzaniso, dzimwe nyika dzinopa masimba makuru omutemo kubhadhara mitero yakawanda, nepo dzimwe dzinoganhurira chose chiremera chomunzvimbomo.

Mitero yomunzvimbomo inowanzowira mumapoka maviri: mitero yemhiko dzinoshandiswa (yakavakirwa paukoshi, kufanana nemitero yenzvimbo) uye mitero yakananga (yakavakirwa pamitero yemitengo, kufanana nemitero yokutengesa). Nzvimbo zhinji dzinounganidzawo mitero, mirauriro, uye mari chaiyo nokuda kwemabasa akananga akadai semuunganidzwa wemarara kana kuti mvura. Muvhenganiswa wemitero yemari unosarudza kuti mari yemari yomunzvimbomo yakadzikama uye inowirirana sei munguva yakati.

Kubvisa Marudzi Makuru Emitero Yomunzvimbomo

Kunzwisisa mutero womunyika iyoyo kunobatsira vagari vomunzvimbo yacho kuti vaongorore zvikarakadzo uye kunoita kuti vakuru vakuru vazvidavirire.

Mitero Yezvinhu

Mitero yezvinhu ndiwo manyuko makurusa emari inotambirwa nokuda kwehurumende zhinjisa dzomunzvimbomo, dzidzo inotsigirwa, chengeteko yavose, uye marongerwo ezvirongwa. Inodzorwa panzvimbo inoyera nzvimbo pamitengo inoyera, iyo inoyera kupfurikidza nokunzvera kwemitengo yemisika. Mitero inoratidzirwa semitero inobhadharo inokwana $56 000 pamutengo unotemwa. Nemhaka yokuti mitengo yenzvimbo inopa mari inochengetwa, asi inogonawo kuparira denho dzemari inopindwa nokuda kwemitero inogamukwa navanowana misha. Zvirongwa zvizhinji zvinopa kuhasha nokuda kwavakuru, vawandi vemari, kana kuti mari inoripi inodzorwa pasi pemari inoderedza mutoro. A20 kubva [FL:] Foundation [FFFF:1]

Mitero Inotengeswa

Mitero yokutengesa yemo inotengeswa nokutengeswa kwezvinhu. Mitero inosiyana nenzvimbo uye inowedzerwa pamusoro pemitero yokutengesa yehurumende. Nemhaka yokuti mitero iyi inobhadharwa panguva yokutengeswa, kazhinji kazhinji inooneka zvikuru kuvatengi, izvo zvinogona kutanga kurukurirano yavose apo mwero wekuwedzera kunokarakadzwa. Mitero inodzorwazve nokuenzaniswa nemitero yezvinhu, zvinoreva kuti mhuri dzinowana mari yakaderera dzinopedza mugove mukuru wemari yadzo pazvinhu zvinobhadharwa. Vamwe vagari vemo vanoregeredza zvinodikanwa zvakafanana nemari kana kuti mirimo inobvumirwa kudzoserwa pamutemo kuti idzoredzere. E-commerce yakashay yakaoma kuunganidza, asi nyika dzakawanda dzinoda zvino vatengesi vemitero yeIndaneti kunzvimbo inodzosera mitero, kupfig mari inodzorwa kurevesa mitero.

Mitero Inobhadharwa Munharaunda

Inenge mitero gumi nemiviri inobvumira mitero yemari inowanwa yomunzvimbomo, zvikurukuru pamibhadharo inowanwa muhurumende. Iyi inowanzova yakatara, inobvira pa 1% kusvikira kuinopfuura 3% mumaguta akadai sePhiladelphia neNew York. Mitero yemari yomunharaunda yakakurumbira nemhaka yokuti inokura nemari uye inogona kugadzirirwa kutora mari kuvafambi vanoshanda muguta asi vachigara kune imwe nzvimbo. Zvisinei, inowedzera kuoma kumitero uye inogona kuomesa basa kugadzira munzvimbo dzakakwirira. Dzimwe nzanga dzinoshandisa mubatanidzwa wemitero inotambirwa uye mitero miduku yemitero pamabhizimisi.

Bhizimisi Nemitero Yokubhadhara Mari

Hurumende dzakawanda dzomunzvimbomo dzinoisa mitero yebhizimisi panzvimbo pezvinhu nemitero yokutengesa. Iyi inobatanidza mari inotakurwa yemitero, mitero yebhizimisi, uye mitero yebasa pamabasa akati. Nepo dzinogona kuva manyuko emari inotsiga, kazhinji kazhinji dzinotapura zvikuru mabhizimisi maduku nemhindu shoma. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti mitero yebhizimisi inopfuudzirwa kuvatengi pakupedzisira kupfurikidza nemitengo yakakwirira, vachiiita kuti ive mutero usina kunangarara. Vagadziri vemitengo vemo vanofanira kuyera kudikanwa kwemitero inopesana nengozi yemabhizimisi okuchaira kumitengidzira mari yakaderera.

Kuongorora Uye Kutapura

Mitengo yemipiro yemiitiro inodikanwa panzvimbo chaidzo inobetserwa zvakananga nevandudziko yavose, yakadai senzira itsva, tsvina yomumugwagwa. Mitengo yetsimba imari yenhambo itsva yokutsigira kukura kwegadziriro dzinodikanwa. aya maturusi anopa hurumende dzomunzvimbomo nzira yokuripira nayo mabasa makuru pasina kukwidza mitero yavose, asi inofanira kusanorongwa kudzivisa denho dzapamutemo kana kuti nyunyuto dzorusarurano.

Kutsigira Kunoita Mitero Yomunzvimbomo Upenyu Hwezuva Nezuva

Kuziva chaizvoizvo uko vagari vemo vanoendeswa kunobetsera kuyera bhajeti yokutanga ndokuita zvisarudzo zvokuziva pabhokisi rebhoti remitero.

Dzidzo

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Kuchengeteka Kwevanhu Vose

Mapurisa, madhipatimendi okudzima moto, masangano ezvokurapa, uye 911 nzvimbo dzinotumirwa mashoko dzinobhadharwa nemitero yomunharaunda. Masangano aya anoda 24/7 kuwanika kwemitero, kurovedzwa kwounyanzvi, uye midziyo inodhura. Gadziriro yokudzivirira vanhu inosanonangidzirwa inoderedza nguva dzemhinduro uye inovandudza miuyo mukati momoto, njodzi dzezvokurapa, uye utsotsi. Munzanga dzakawanda, maakaunziro avose emari inochengeteka inobhadharwa. Apo mitero inoderera mukati memauko yemari inoderera, mari inodzorwa yavose kazhinji kazhinji inotarisana nendyiko yezvokutengeswa kwezvokutengeserana pakati pavashandi navashandi vemichina.

Kugadzirwa Kwezvinhu uye Zvekufambisa

Kugadziridza mugwagwa, magetsi emugwagwa, kugadziridza nzira, zviratidzo zvemotokari, uye gadziriro dzezvifambiso zvavose zvose zvinotsamira pamadhora omuno. Mitero inotsaurirwa kuzvokufambisa inozivikanwa munzvimbo dzinokura nokukurumidza umo migwagwa mitsva nemitsetse yokufambisa inodikanwa kudzora kuwanda. Miterowo yezvinhu inotsigira kuvandudza kukuru semabhiriji matsva, gadziriro dzokufambisa mhepo, uye zvivako zvemasipala. Zvishomanene zvinogona kuderedza mitengo yezvinhu uye zvinodzivisa basa rezvemari. American Society of Civil Enginegerers inopa nguva dzose giramupidhi yeAmerica Cēfu kana D+, inosimbisa kukurambira pasi pemitero yomunzvimbomo.

Mapaki, Nhandaro, uye Tsika

Mapaki ezvipatara, nzvimbo dzokushambira, maraibhurari, mamiziyamu, uye mitambo yetsika zvinotsigirwa nemari yomutero yomunzvimbomo. Izvi zvinhu zvinovandudza utano hwendangariro nehwomuviri, kubatana kwenzanga, uye kukwezva vashanyi. Nzvimbo zhinji dzakatsaurira maruwa omupaka ane chiremera chadzo chomutero, kazhinji kazhinji chinotsigirwa nenzvimbo duku inobhadharwa, mari yokutema mapaki nedhipatimendi evaraidzo kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji pakati peyokutanga kutarisana nemaawa akaderedzwa kana kuti zvigaro zvepurogiramu, zvichiratidzira kuti mabasa aya asina basa angava akaoma sei.

Utano Nemagariro Evanhu

Madhipatimendi outano omunzvimbomo anogovera kudzivirira, kunzvera hosha, zvirongwa zvoutano zvaamai navana, uye kunzverwa kwezveutano hwemhoteredzo. Masangano enzanga akadai sedzimba dzokusava nedzimba, yamuro yezvokudya, uye nzvimbo dzapamusoro anotsamirawo pamadhora omuchato, anowanzowedzerwa nezvipo zvehurumende nehurumende. Mumaruwa, mitero yomunzvimbomo ingawanisa mari yebasa rechipatara bedzi kana kuti reamburenzi inowanika. Mabasa aya anonyanya kuoma zvikuru munguva dzenjodzi dzoutano, sokuvakwa kwecovid denda reCHOVID.

Tapuro Yakapararira Paukoshi Hwenzanga

Mitero yemunzvimbo iyoyo inoita zvinopfuura kubhadhara mari yezvikwereti nezvinotarisirwa nenzanga.

Masangano avose anosanofarirwa anoita kuti nzanga ive inokwezva zvikuru kumabhizimisi nemhuri. Zvikoro zvakanaka, migwagwa yakakotsekana, uye mashopu anovimbika zvinokweva mari nokusimudzira mipimo yepfuma. Nenzira yakapesana, nzanga iyo vanhu vari pasi pezvinokosha muidzi nheyo ingaparapatika kuchengeta vagari ndokukwezva vashandirwi vatsva. Nzvero kubva kuNational League of Cities dzinoratidza kuti maguta ane mitero yakakwirira yemitero inowanzova nemitero yavose yavose yakakwirira zvikuru uye kukura kwemari, chero bedzi mutoro wemitero unorangarirwa sewakafanira. Zvisinei, mitero yakakwirira isingadzorerwi yemitero inogona kuparira pfundero yepfuudzo kumitero kumisha yakaderera kana kuti nyika dziri pedyo.

Kutadzirana chinhu chinhu chinhu chinhu chinoda kudzorwa. Mitero yezvinhu, nepo ichiripo, inogona kuva inodzokororwa kana mipimo yemisha ichikwira nokukurumidza kupfuura mari inotambirwa. Mitero inotengeswa yakaderera zvikuru nemhaka yokuti inopedzera chikamu chikuru chemari yavo pazvinhu zvinobhadharwa. Mitero inobhadharwa, kunyange zvazvo ichifambira mberi mukuvakwa, inofanira kuiswa pasi kana kuti kutsaurwa pamwero wemari inodiwa nemari inokwana, ichishandisa maturusi sevaparadzi vematunhu, vasina kubhadharwa, uye mitero kuti vadzivirire vagari vemo vanokuvadzwa.

Mitero yomunzvimbomo inotapurawo kuwanikwa kwedzimba. Mitero yenzvimbo dzakakwirira munharaunda dzomumaguta dzinodikanwa inogona kuwedzera ndyiko dzerendi ndokubvisa mhuri dzinowana mari ine mwero. Ukuwo, mitero yakaderera ingaratidzira mabasa anoderedza uwandu hweupenyu. Denho ndeyokuwana ganhuriro inotsigirwa inotsigira nharidzano dzenzanga pasina kurema boka ripi neripi.

Matambudziko Nenharo Mumutero Womunzvimbomo

Pasinei nokuti mitero inokosha, mitero yemo inosangana nematambudziko akakura anoda kuti vagadziri vemitemo uye vagari vemo varambe vachitarisirwa.

Kusasarura Nokururamisira

Mitero yenzvimbo inogona kuranga varidzi vedzimba mukuonga vavakidzani kunyange kana mari yavo isingawedzerwi. Varidzi vemari inobhadharwa vanotapurwa nenzira isina kunanga nemhaka yokuti varidzi venzvimbo vanopfuudza mitero yenhumbi kuti varende, kazhinji kazhinji pasina kuoneka. Mitero pazvinhu zvinokosha sezvipfeko kana kuti migove yechikoro inotapura mhuri navana. Kuchinja zvivako zvemitero kuti zvibatanidze mitoo yemari inovandika inovandika inova nharidzano yakarovedzeka asi yakaoma mune zvamatongerwe enyika. Dzimwe nyika, dzakadai seCalifornia pasi peProcement 13, dzakabvisa mitero, kuvamba mitero pakati pemitengo yapanguva refu nemisha mitsva.

Kuderera Kwenhamo Yemari

Mitero yomunharaunda inowirwa nemigariro yemari. Mitengo yenzvimbo inogona kuderera mukati mekuderera kwemari inobviswa. Mitero inotoderera zvikuru. $84% inodzorwa nokuderera kwemari inotengeswa inoderera zvikuru munguva yokuderera kwemari. Iyi mari inoita kuti zviomere hurumende dzomunzvimbomo kuchengeta mwero yebasa usingachinji, zvikurukuru kana dzine mitengo yakaganhurirwa kana kuti inorambidzwa nomutemo pakuderera kwemari. Great Recession neCHOVID zvinofurira kushatisa mari yemari yomunzvimbomo inotsamira zvikuru parudzi rumwe rwemitero.

Kuramba Kuitwa Nevanhu Vose Kunowedzera

Kunyange apo mabasa anenge asingadiwi, vagari vanowanzodzivisa kuwedzera mitero. Kumukira kwemitero kwakatungamirira kumipimo yakadai seProces 2 / 1 muMassachusetts uye muTaxhair Bill of Rights (TABOR) muColorado, inoganhurira kukura kwemari kana kuti inoda tendero yemitero mitsva. Nepo iyi mitauro ichipa vagari vemo misha mirevedzo yakananga, vanogonawo kuremadza mano enzvimbo yokuita kukurumidzira kana kuti kukura kwavanhu. Chinetso chevatungamiriri vomunzvimbomo ndecho kukurukura zvakajeka chikonzero nei mari yokuwedzera inodikanwa uye kuratidzira kuzvidavirira mumashandisirwe emari aripo.

Kuoma Kunzwisisa uye Kusava Neukama Nevamwe

Nemitero yakawanda inodzorwa neyakawanda - zhinji yakaenzana (dount, ruwa, ruwa rwechikoro, ruwa rwemvura, chiremera chokufambisa) mugariwowo zvake angasaziva mitero yose yaanobhadhara kana kuti yakawanda sei yaanogamuchira. Mabhiri emitero anowanzobatanidza mitsetse yakaparadzana nokuda kworuwa rumwe norumwe, kuchiita kuti isave yakaoma kududzira. Uku kuoma kuparira kusavimbana uye kunogona kutungamirira kukuvhota mutengi wemitero womunzvimbomo. Kuoneka zviri pachena mumahotera epapu yemitero uye kutaura kwomutero kwakarerukwa kunogona kubetsera, asi nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinosarira mukugamuchira aya maturu.

Kuchinja Kungaita Vagari Vemo Mitemo Yemitero Yomunyika

Kuvimbisana kungaita kuti pave nemirayiro inoshanda, inoita kuti pave nokusasarura, uye inoita kuti vanhu vasada kubhadhara mitero.

Misangano yebhajeti yavose yapamhidzirwa. Hurumende zhinjisa dzomunzvimbomo dzinonzwa dzisati dzagamuchira bhajeti dzegore negore. Iyi misangano inopa vagari vapa mukana wokupanikira kupedza zvinhu zvinokosha uye kukarakadza zvimwe. Kunyange kana usingagoni kupinda pamunhu, masangano mazhinji anodira misangano paIndaneti kana kuti kugamuchira tsinhiro dzakanyorwa.

Vajeti musarudzo dzemanisitiri nerokunyora mitero. Mipimo yechisungo chechikoro, wedzero dzemitero yerevy, uye kugadziriswa kwechata kunowanzosarudzwa musarudzo dzakaderera. Chiverengero chiduku chavavhoti vanoziva chinogona kupesvedzera muuyo. Ongorora rusarudzo rwako rwemunzvimbomo nezvinhu zvokunzvera zvichishandisa nhungamiro dzisiri dzepartistiki.

Shandisa zvikuva zvokuona. Maguta mazhinji nenhamba zvino zvinopa masuo akazaruka uko vagari vanogona kutarira kuti mari yemitero inopedzwa sei. Tsvaka bhaisikopo renharaunda yako kana kuti mushumo wemari. Kana munhu akasavapo, tsigira kusikwa kwayo. Kuziva nhamba kukupa simba rokubvunza mibvunzo pamisangano.

Kuronga navakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo. Mutezo wedare rako reguta, mumiriri weboka reruwa, kana kuti mumiriri wedare rechikoro kazhinji kazhinji inongova runhare kana kuti email iri kure. Goveranai murangariro wenyu pazvikarakadzo zvemitero, uye kubvunza tsananguro dzenhau dzakaoma. Kuvaka ukama navakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa kunowedzera pesvedzero yenyu.

[ Partipate mumasangano ehurumende. Sangano renharaunda, makamuri ezvokutengeserana, uye mabhajeti okushandisa mari zvisina kubatana kazhinji kazhinji zvine mabasa akananga mukuumba muitiro wemitero. Mapoka aya anopfavisa inzwi rako uye anopa mukana wokuongorora nyanzvi.

shopu. Kana ukaona kusatora mipimo kana kuti inifficiencies, unganidza mashoko, kuvaka mubatanidzwa, uye zvimwe zvinotsiva zvinovapo. Vagari vemo vakasundira nenzira inobudirira nokuda kwemitero yenhunhu, kuregererwa kwenzvimbo, uye mari inotsaurirwa nokuda kwokufambisa kana kuti nzvimbo. Chinjo inowanzotangira pamwero wemidzi youswa.

Kupedzisa: Kukosha Kwokubatanidzwa Uchiziva

Mitero yomunzvimbomo haisati iri bedzi mutsetse pabhiri, hwunongova bedzi mutengo wemari munzanga yazvino uno neyomunguva yemberi. Mukirasi umo vana vanodzidza kumaamburenzi anopindura runhare rwekurumidziro, dora riri rose rinounganidzwa munharaunda inobhadharwa nokuda kwamabasa anorondedzera kunaka kwoupenyu. Kunzwisisa kuti iyi mitero inobhadharwa sei, yavanochengeta, uye mabasa avanoita kunobatanidza bhizimisi anobvumira vagari vemo kuva vatariri vanoshingaira venzanga dzavo panzvimbo pokuva vabhadharisirwa. Nokupinda mugadziriro yacho, vagari vemo vanogona kubetsera kuvimbisa kuti miitiro yemitero yomunzvimbomo irambe yakanaka, inobudirira, uye inokwanisa kusangana nezvinodikanwa zvenzanga zvose zvinoripira nzanga inoridzira musha.

Sezvinotaurwa netsumo, zvematongerwe enyika zvose ndezvenyika. Unogonawo kunzi unobhadhara mutero. Kana ukaziva zvakawanda, unogona kutora rutivi nokubudirira mukuumba remangwana remigwagwa yako, zvikoro, uye mapaki. Tanga nokuongorora mashandisiro aunoita bhajeti yehurumende yako paIndaneti, kupinda musangano wedare mwedzi uno, kana kuti kubvunza muvakidzani zvavanofunga pamusoro pemutero unokarakadzwa. Kukurukurirana kumwe nokumwe kwose kunosunda nzanga pedyo nokunzwisisana kwemashandisirwo anoitwa mabasa anokosha zvikuru.