Hwaro Hwoubati Ubati Ushe Hwehurumende Hunosarudzwa Navanhu veAmerica

Gadziriro yehurumende yeUnited States haina kuva netsaona. Yakanga iri mhinduro yakananga kuudzvinyiriri hwavakaona mukutonga kweBritain, apo madzimambo mamwe akatora makadhi ose. Pavainzwisisa kuti chirongwa chemitemo, mukuru wedare, uye kuti vanoshanda sei, uye kuti vanoongorora sei mumwe, hachisi chidzidzo chehurumende chete. Icho chinhu chinokosha kuti vave vatsigiri vanozivikanwa mumuitiro wehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu. Pasina zivo iyi, vagari vemo havagoni kuongorora mabasa evatungamiriri vavo, maitiro avo, kana kuti zvavanotsigira zvakanaka zvavanoita.

Unyanzvi hwegadziriro yemitero mitatu ndehwokuti inoparira kusagadzikana kukuru. Bazu rimwe nerimwe rine masimba akananga, asi rimwe nerimwe rinewo mano okudzivisa mamwe. Uku kusunda nokukweva masimba nguva dzose kunobvumirana ndokudzivisa boka ripi neripi kuti risabata udzori hwose. Nokuda kwavagari vemo veavhareji, ikoku kunoreva kuti chisarudzo chiri chose, kana uri mutemo mutsva wemitero, chiito chehondo, kana kuti Dare Rapamusoro redare rinotonga pakodzero dzavanhu, rinobatanidza mirwi mizhinji yokuzvidavirira. Kudzidza kuti aya matura anokupa sei zvishandiso kuti utevere mashoko nenzwisiso yechokwadi, vhoti, uye kutaura munzira idzo chaizvoizvo dzinopesvedzera. Munguva apo mashoko ezvamatongerwe enyika ari mazhinji asi anowanzo kutsausa, zivo yehurumende iko yakasanosakiswa nokuda kweidi.

Bazu Romutemo: Uko Mitemo Inoberekwa

Bazu remitemo, rinozivikanwa seUnited States Congress, ndiro rinozivikanwa rokuita mitemo muAmerica. Ndiro bazi bedzi rine simba rakananga rokunyora nokupfuudza mitemo yehurumende. Article I yeBumbiro reMitemo rinosimbisa Dare ndokuripa chirongwa chakananga chamasimba, kubatanidza chiremera chokuunganidza mitero, kukwereta mari, kudzora kutengeserana kwehurumende, kuzivisa hondo, uye kusimudza mauto. Chivako ibhiyameral, zvinoreva kuti yakakamuraniswa kuva makamuri maviri: Imba yavamiririri neDare. Ichi chivako chechamber chakanga chiri kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira pakati penyika huru, idzo dzaida miraudzo yakavakirwa pavagari vemo, uye nharaunda duku, iyo inoda mamiriro ezvinhu akaenzana. Muuyo ndiwo muitiro unovakirwa wezvose zviri zviviri nevoruzhinji.

Imba Yavamiriri

Imba yavamiririri inzvimbo huru, nemitezo 435 inovhota inosarudzwa makore maviri ari ose. Mutezo mumwe nomumwe unomirira ruwa rwakati rwemibatanidzwa mukati mehurumende yavo, uye nhamba yeruwa inosarudzwa nevagari vemo. Nemhaka yokuti mitezo yeImba inobatira bedzi mashoko amakore maviri, iyo iri pedyo navanovhota. Iri mauto mapfupi anomirira kuramba vachiteerera zvimiro zvendangariro nezvinodikanwa zvavo. Imba inowanzoonwa seyakawanda zvikuru uye nzvimbo inodzorwa, uko murangariro wavose unogona kuva nesimba rapo nerokuvamba. Imbawo inochengeta simba rapoga rokutanga mabhii, zvinoreva mutemo upi noupi unosimudzira mitero unofanira kutanga mukamuri iri. Kuwedzera, imba ine chiremera chokuva vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende, kubatanidza Purezidhendi.

Dare

Dare inzvimbo duku, ine mitezo 100, miviri inobva munyika imwe neimwe, pasinei zvapo nechiverengero chavagari vemo. Vasarendi vanobatira mashoko amakore matanhatu, anozungunutswa zvokuti Sernator ine masimba akasiana anoverengeka anoitsaura paImba. Inosimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi, kubatanidza vatongi veCouncil, vatongi vehurumende. Inorongawo kutaurirana napurezidhendi, uye Dare guru, inoda kuti vaone zvinhu zviviri zvinobvumira kuona zvinhu zviri mberi panhau dzorudzi. Mune zviito, sedare ramabhinyanisi.

Kuva Kunoita Bhiri

Gadziriro yemitemo ndiyo nzira iyo pfungwa dzinova mutemo, uye kunzwisisa muitiro uyu unokosha nokuda kwomugari upi noupi anoda kupesvedzera muitiro. Chibvumirano chinogona kuvamba munzvimbo dzose, asi nhano huru dzakafanana. Chokutanga, mutezo weCongress unotsigira mari ndokuisuma. Mutezo unogoverwa kudare, uko uko mahofisi chaiwo anenge achiitika. Matare anochengeta kurukurirano, uye angaibvisa. Kana dare ritendera pamutemo, unoenda mukamuri rakazara rekurukurirano uye rovhota. Kana rikapfuura, muimwe imba inoiswa mugadziriro yokuyananisa. Maparera ose ari maviri anofanira kupfuura shanduro yakafanana yemutemo usati watumirwa kuMutungamiriri wedare. Ipapo Purezidhendia anogona kuita basa.

Key yeMibato yeBazu reLegislative

  • Kugadzira mirau: Kuhwina, kuitisana nharo, uye kupa mutemo wehurumende panhau dzinovambira pazvoutano kusvikira kuchengeteko yenyika.
  • Bridget neAppropritu:[[FL:1] App anofamba - famba bhajeti yehurumende uye kuisa mari nokuda kwegadziriro dzehurumende nemabasa.
  • Kuongorora zviito zvebazu guru kupfurikidza nokutongwa nedare nokunzverwa.
  • [[FOL:0] Chibvumirano nebvumirano: Dare rinosimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi ndokuita zvibvumirano.
  • [ Chikamu: Imba inoshora vakuru vakuru vomubatanidzwa, uye Dare rinoitisa kutonga.

Vagari vemo vanogona kutaura nemumiririri kana kuti mutevedzeri wako, kupinda misangano yomuhoro yetaundi, uye kupa tsinhiro dzavose pamitemo inokarakadzwa.

Bazu Rinotungamirira: Rinochengeta Mitemo

Bazu guru rine mutoro wokuita nokusimbisa mitemo inopiwa neCongress. Chikamu II cheBumbiro reMitemo chinoisa simba iri muMutungamiriri weUnited States, anobatira seari mukuru mukuru wehurumende uye mukuru wehurumende. Purezidhendi anosarudzwa makore mana ari ose. Bazu guru rinobatanidza vashandi vanopfuura mamiriyoni mana, kubatanidza mitezo yemauto, uye yakarongwa kuva madhipatimendi 15 eComplican uye mazana amasangano ehurumende nevakuru vakuru vehurumende. Mutungamiriri anobatsirwa naPrezidhesi naVavambi vemadhipatimendi vama makuru akadai seHurumende, Defectoral, Office, justicial. Nzvimbo yebazu yebazu inobatanidza rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hwezuva nezuva, kubva mukuchengeteko yezvokudya zvenyika kuudzoro yenyika.

Purezidhendi Nechiremera Chinodzora

Purezidhendi ane nzvimbo yechienzi nenesimba. SaMutungamiriri weGurukota remauto ane simba rokutungamirira mabasa ehondo. Samutungamiriri wehurumende, Purezidhendi anotaurirana naPrezidhendi uye anobatana navatungamiriri vokumwe. Purezidhendi anewo simba rokubudisa zvirango zvehurumende, izvo zviri zvirango zvinotarisira mabasa ehurumende yehurumende. Zvinorayira zvine simba zvine simba romutemo, asi zvinogona kudzorwa nedare uye zvinogona kudzorwa nemitemo. Chishandiso ichi chinobvumira Purezidhendi kuita chiito pamuteshi pasina kumirira kuti Dare ripfuure. Somuenzaniso, mirayiro yehurumende yakashandiswa kugadza zvirongwa zvenyika, mitemo yemhoteredzo, uye kuronga kubuda munyika. Zvisinei, mirayiro yehurumende haifaniri kudzorwa mukati muganhu wemitemo iripo.

Kabhineti Negadziriro Dzehurumende

Konquisiti iboka ravakuru vakuru vanopa zano Purezidhendi ndokutungamirira madhipatimendi makuru. Bazi rimwe nerimwe rine mutoro nokuda kwenharaunda yakati yegadziriro yehurumende. Somuenzaniso, Department of Health and Human Service inotarisira utano hwavanhu, Department of Education inotungamirira dzidzo yehurumende, uye Department of Education inotungamirira dzidzo yehurumende uye rinomirira hurumende munhau dzemitemo. Madhipatimendi eCompatement, kune masangano akawanda anozvimirira, akadai seEclomental Protectional Agency, Federal Reserve, uye National Aeronautics and Space Adminiclation. Masangano aya ane basa chairo uye kazhinji ane chiremera, zvinoreva kuti anogona kuita mitemo ine simba romutemo. Kunzwisisa chirongwa chebazi rebazi rinobetsera kuziva kuti vagari vehurumende vazvinei, kana kuti vashamisei basa rokuita basa rebhizimisi, kana kuti vashamisei basa rebasa rebhizimisi.

[ Keyi yeMitoro yeBazu raVatungamiriri

  • [[FOL:0] Kumanikidza:[ kutevera nokusimbisa mitemo yehurumende kupfurikidza namasangano namadhipatimendi.
  • [ Murairo wokumwe: Kuronga zvibvumirano, uye kumirira United States kune imwe nyika.
  • [[[NHAU]] Murairo wezvokuraira: Kubatira somutungamiriri wamauto akashongedzwa nezvombo.
  • Zvibvumirano: Zvinotora vatongi vomubatanidzwa, mitezo yeKabhinati, uye vamwe vakuru vakuru venzvimbo yakakwirira.
  • Mirairo inofambiswa: Kupa mirayiridzo yokutarisira kushanda kwehurumende yomubatanidzwa.
  • Simba: Purezidhendi anogona kuisa mutemo unopfuudzwa neDare, achiudzorera nokuda kwokurangarirazve.

Nguva iri yose yaunonyora mitero yako, kushanyira paki yenyika, kuwana betsero dzeNzanga yeNzanga, kana kuti kutumira pasuru, uri kupinda nesangano rehurumende. Bazu ravakuru vakuru chiso chehurumende muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, uye kubudirira kwaro kunotsamira pautungamiriri hwakakodzera, kutsigira mari kwakakwana, uye chiremera chapamutemo chakajeka.

Bazu Rokutonga: Kududzira Mitemo

Bazu redare ishongwe yechitatu yehurumende yehurumende, inopomerwa kududzira mitemo nokuvimbisa kuti inoshandiswa zvakanaka. Chikamu III cheBumbiro reMitemo chinosimbisa Dare Rapamusorosoro uye chinopa Congress chiremera chokuumba matare ehurumende akaderera. Bazu redare rakasiyana nokuti vatongi varo neruramisiro zvinogadzwa nokuda kwoupenyu, zvichidzorwa nomufambiro wakanaka. Upenyu hunorumbidzwa kudzivirira mutongi padzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika, zvichibvumira vatongi kuita zvisarudzo zvinobva pamutemo neBumbiro remitemo panzvimbo pezvido zvavose. judiary inobatira somuchengeti wokupedzisira wekodzero dzavanhu uye muchengeti wokupedzisira werwisano.

Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa

Dare rapamusoro zvikurusa idare rapamusoro-soro munyika. Rinoumbwa namatare mapfumbamwe edare anoongorora dare: Mutongi mumwe mukuru neVatongi vasere vanowirirana. Mutungamiriri weSangano anotonga vatongi, uye anovasimbisa. Pakare pabvumwa, ruramisiro dzinobatira upenyu kutoti dzarega, kutora basa, kana kuti kubviswa. Dare Rapamusoro rine simba rokuongorora dare, iro rakatanga muchinyorwa [1803] nhau marbury v. Madison . Kuhwirudzura kwedare rinobvumira Dare kurova mitemo nemibato zvinodavirwa pakati pematare anokosha. Iri inoita kuti Dare guru rive dare rinowirirana nepesvedzero yehurumende. Dare rinoteerera chiverengero chimwe nechimwe chenhau kudare rimwe nerimwe kupfurikidza nokusarudza, kupfurikidza nokudzorwa kwemitezoro yedare rinokosha pakati perefuti.

Matare Echibharo

Pasi peDare rapamusoro pane mwero miviri yematare ehurumende akaderera. Mwero wokutanga iUnited States District Courts, iyo iri matare okutonga ehurumende. Kune matare 94 eruwa anoparadzirwa munyika yose, uye anobata nhau dzevagari vemo nedzeutsotsi dzinomuka pasi pomutemo wehurumende. Mwero wechipiri iUnited States Courts of Appeals, iyo yakarongwa mu 13 nharaunda. Matare mazhinjisa edare edare reruwa anoongorora matare eruwa. Kana paine dare reruwa rinorasikirwa nedare reruwa, rinogona kukwirira kudare redunhu. Kubva ipapo, nhanho inoteko yokupedzisira iDare Repamusorosoro, kunyange zvazvo Dare repamusoro harifaniri kunzwa kukwirira kuri kwose. Zvisarudzorero zvizhinjisa zvedare redunhu zvinovimbisa kuti nhau dzinotemwaro dzakawanda dzinonzwiwa pamwero mumwe nomumwe.

Kuongorora Kutonga uye Mhaka Dzakaratidzirwa

Kuhwirudzura dare ichishandiswa chine simba zvikurusa mudura rezviwanikwa zvedare. Kunobvumira matare kutsanangura Bumbiro reMitemo ndokusarudza kana mabasa amapazu emitemo nevakuru vakuru achishanda. Mumazana amakore apfuura, Dare Gurusa rabudisa zvisarudzo zvenhau zvakaumba nzanga yeAmerica. Somuenzaniso, [[[FLT: 0]] Brown v. Board yeDzidzo [1954] [1954]) yakazivisa kusarura kwedzinza muzvikoro. [[FLT:] r] r [i] v. W[FLT] [[FLT]] [5]

Key yeMibato yeBazu reRusarudzo

  • Consitugal Prevention: Kuziva revo nokushandiswa kweBumbiro reMitemo.
  • [[[FUZI: 0] Judicial Review: Kuzivisa mitemo nezviito zvechiremera zvinoputsa Bumbiro remitemo.
  • Chisarudzo: kupedza gakava rapamutemo pakati pamapati, kubatanidza vanhu vamwe navamwe, masangano, uye masangano ehurumende.
  • [ Kudzivirirwa kwekodzero: kudzivirira kodzero dzomunhu oga mukurwisana nehurumende yakanyengerwa.
  • [ Kurangarira Zviito Zvoukuru: Kuisa muchiono kuti Purezidhendi namasangano ehurumende vanoshanda mukati memiganhu yechiremera chavo chapamutemo.

Kunzwisisa kuti dare rinoshanda sei, kuti nyaya dzacho dzikwidzwe sei, uye kuti munhu anganzi amiririrwa sei zviri pamutemo zvinokosha kune vaya vanoda kutongwa.

Nei Zivo Yakabatana Ichikosha Pakushandiswa

Kunzwisisa mapazu matatu ehurumende hakusi kurovedza kwedzidzo. Chinodikanwa chinoshanda nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anoda kuva mugari wemo anobudirira. Zvisarudzo zvinoitwa muWashington zvinotapura mutoro wako womutero, ndyiko youtano hwako, kunaka kwemhepo nemvura, kukotsekano yenharaunda yako, uye mikana inowanika kuvana vako. Pasina zivo yokushanda pamusoro pokuvambwa kwehurumende, hakubviri zvikuru kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vapiwe mutoro kana kuti vatsigire mitemo yaunotsigira. KBIN ruzivo inheyo yokuvhota, kubatira pamutemo kworuzivo, kubetsera, uye kuvimbisa kune revo.

Kuzivisa Kunoziva

Sarudzo iri yose, vavhoti vanokumbirwa kusarudza vadaviri veImba, Dare, uye purezidhendi. Zvisarudzo zvavanoita zvinosarudza kuti ibato ripi rinodzora purogiramu yemitemo, ivavariro dzinoitwa navatongi, uye kuti zvii zvinoiswa pakutanga nebazu guru zvinorondwa. Muvhoti anonzwisisa kuparadzana kwemasimba anogona kuyera mutevedzeri kwete bedzi paunhu hwavo kana kuti pabato, asi pakunzwisisa kwavo basa repamutemo rehofisi yavanotsvaka. Somuenzaniso, Purezidhendi anovimbisa kupfuudza mutemo paari amene ane nzwisiso isina kururama yokuparadza masimba, sezvo Congresss achigona kuisa mitemo. Muvhotera anoziva magariro akadaro uye mavhoti nenzira inowirirana.

Kuva Munyoro uye Kubatanidzwa

Vagari vanonzwisisa mapazi ehurumende vanogona kudzora kushambadzira kwavo nokubudirira zvikuru. Kana uchida kuchinja mutemo, unoonana nomumiriri wako mubazu remitemo. Kana uchida kudenha murairo, ungashanda mumatare kana kuti sangano rinodzora rapari. Kana uchida kupesvedzera muitiro wokumwe, unoita basa nebazu revakuru vakuru neDhipatimendi reHurumende. Kuziva kuti igwara ripi rokudhonza rinogona kureva musiyano pakati penhimbe inobudirira yechibvumirano uye kupambadza nhamburiko. Kupfuurirazve, zivo yehurumende ingakurudzira kubatanidzwa kukuru mukurukurirano dzenzanga, misangano yechikoro, uye hurumende yomunzvimbomo. Mitemo mimwe cheteyo yechekedzo yechekedzo inodzora gadziriro yehurumende inoratidzirwa pahurumende nemwero yomunzvimbomo, naizvozvo zivo inoshanda munzvimbo iri yose.

Kudzivisa Mashoko Asina Kunaka

Munguva yemashoko asina kururama akapararira, kunzwisiswa kwehurumende kudzivirira kune simba. Kutaura kwokunyengera kwakawanda kunovimba nokusanzwisisana kukuru kwemashandiro anoita hurumende. Somuenzaniso, kutaura kwokuti Purezidhendi akakwidzwa kana kuti kuderedzwa nechakaipa kana kuti kuderedzwa kwemitengo yegasi kunofuratira kusangana kwemisika yenyika yose, mirayiridzo yehurumende, uye chiito chedare. Kufunga kwakakomba ishoko rokupedzisira panhau kungafuratira kubvira kwokugamuchira kana kuti kugadziridzwa kwemitemo. Vagari vemo vanoziva mapazu acho nemabasa avo vanogona kushatisa mashoko aya asina kururama uye kutsvaka mashoko akavimbika. Unyanzvi uhwu hwokufunga hwakakomba hunokosha kuti vachengete hurumende inotonga zvakanaka.

Kuongorora uye Dzikamo Zvinoshanda

Mano akangwara egadziriro yemitemo mitatu yemitemo igadziriro yechekeso nedzikamo. Bazu rimwe nerimwe rine mano okuganhurira simba ravamwe, kuvamba tsinhirano ine simba inodzivisa bazu ripi neripi kuti risadzore. Somuenzaniso, Congress inopa mitemo, asi Purezidhendi anogona kuisa. Purezidhendi anogadza vatongi nemitezo yeCabinet, asi Dare rinofanira kusimbisa. Bazu redare rinogona kuzivisa mitemo isina kubatana, asi Rinogona kukarakadza kugadziriswa kwemitemo kuti iparadze zvisarudzo zvedare. Iyi shoo inovimbisa kuti kudzora kunoda batira pamwe chete, kuwirirana, kubvumirana nokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira. Igadziriro yakagadzirirwa kuderedza muitiro nesimba, izvo zvinogona kuva zvinovhiringidza panguva inovhiringidza asi pakupedzisira kudzivirira panzvimbo yechakaipa.

Rangarira muenzaniso wakajeka. Ngatitii Congress inopa mutemo unorambidza rudzi rwakati rwokutaura. Purezidhendi anouratidzira somutemo. Zvisinei, mugari wemo anodenha mutemo mudare, achipikisa kuti unoputsa Dare Rokutanga Refutunu. Mhaka yacho inoshanda mudare reruwa nedare rokukumbira, uye pakupedzisira inosvika kuDare Gurusa redare. Dare Rapamusoro ringarova mutemo serisingabvumirani nomutemo. Papfundo iroro, kana Dare risingabvumirani nedudziro yeDare, rinogona kukarakadza kuti mutemo unotenderwa kujekesa revo reFirst Reformation, kunyange zvazvo ichida matatu ematatu ezvitatu muzvigaro zvose. Panguva ino, dare revotatetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetetete dare reDare reDare reSangano reDare reDare reDare kana kuti risaine.

Kuita Chiito Somugari Wemo

Zivo isina chiito haina kukwana. Kana wangonzwisisa bedzi mapazu matatu ehurumende, nhano inotevera ndeyokubatanidzwa nayo.Hedzi nzira dzinoshanda dzokushandisa nadzo zivo iyoyo:

  • Kuvhota musarudzo iri yose, kwete bedzi yapurezidhendi. Sarudzo dzeMidters dzinosarudza udzori hweCongress, uye sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo dzinosarudza kuti ndiani anokumirira muImba nehurumende.
  • [ Kurukura vamiririri vako. Nyora, dana, kana kuti email mutezo wako weChivako nevakuru vako. Ita kuti vazivire chimiro chako pamusoro pomutemo unomirira. Vabati vanoronda zvibvumirano izvi, uye vanopesvedzera zvisarudzo.
  • Tevera matare. teerera nyaya huru dzeDare gurusa uye mirau inobva kumatare epasi. Zvisarudzo zvizhinji zvinobudiswa paIndaneti uye zvinosvikwa navanhu.
  • Misangano yavose yapachine nguva. horo dzetaundi, misangano yemadare eguta, uye misangano yedare rechikoro mikana yokutaura zvinokunetsa uye kunzwa zvakananga kubva kuvakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa.
  • Ramba waziviswa mumanyuko akavimbika. Shandisa manyuko makuru akadai semawebsite epamutemo eCongress, White House, uye Dare rapamusorosoro.

mhedziso

Mapazu matatu ehurumende haasati achingovawo zvake mufananidzo wenhau kana kuti musoro wenhau wenhau wehurumende dzezvikoro zvapamusoro. Iwo masangano mapenyu ehurumende yeAmerica yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, uye anotsamira pakutora rutivi kwokushingaira kwevagari vakadzidza. Apo vagari vemo vanonzwisisa kuti mutemo, vakuru vakuru, uye mapazu okutonga anoshanda, vanogona kuvhota nedonzo, kutsigira noururami, uye kudzivisa kukweverwa kwamashoko asina kururama. Demokrati yehurumende nemugari wemo wemo wehurumende akafunda, yakasimba zvikuru, uye inokwanisa zvikuru kupedza zvinetso zvechizvarwa chitsva chimwe nechimwe. Kutora nguva yokudzidza pamusoro pamapazu ehurumende, uye kushandisa zivo iyoyo muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, ndechimwe chezvirongwa zvinokosha zvikurusa zvinogona kuita kuti tigadzire utano hwerudzi. Bumbiro remitemo rinopa mutemo unotipa.