Kuvambwa Kwemisangano

United States Congress chirongwa chebicameral, kureva kuti yakakamurwa kuva makamuri maviri: Imba yavamiriri ne SATE[. Iyi dare yakanga iri kubvumirana kwemaune paKonquisition, ichidzikamisa fariro dzenyika huru neduku.

Imba yavamiriri ine mitezo 435 inovhota, imwe neimwe inomirira ruwa rwedare mukati mehurumende. Nhamba yamaruwa pahurumende imwe inosarudzwa navagari vemo, inokohwa makore gumi ari ose pashure pokuverengwa kwavanhu. Imba inowanzorangarirwa kuva imba iri pedyo zvikuru navanhu nemhaka yokuti mitezo yayo inobatira mashoko egore rechipiri uye inofanira kutsigira nguva dzose. Imba ine simba rakasiana rokutanga zvikwereti zvemari (mutero) uye kukusa vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende.

Dare rine 100 vamiririri, vaviri vanobva munyika imwe neimwe, vanobatira mashoko amakore matanhatu anokatyamadzwa zvokuti inenge chikamu chimwe chetatu cheDare chinokwidziridzwa nokuda kwokusarudza makore maviri ari ose. Uku kutaura kurefu nenzwisiso huru zvakaitirwa kuita Dare kuva mutumbi unobvisa maruramiro, unodzivirirwa kubva panhambo yakamwe kamwe mumurangariro wavose. Dare rinova nesimba rapoga kusimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi (mitezo yecabinet, vatongi, vamiriri) uye zvibvumirano zvamabhineti zviviri.

Muitiro Wokuita Mitemo

Kuronga mitemo ndiyo musimboti webasa reCongress. $(a chikarakadzo chomutemo mutsva) chinofanira kushandisa nhanho dzakaoma kudarika dzisati dzava mutemo. Kunzwisisa muitiro uyu kunokosha kuti unzwisise kuti zvisarudzo zvinoitwa sei.

Kutanga uye Kudzorera

Mutezo upi noupi weCongress ungatanga wemhaka. MuHouse, chibvumirano chinoiswa mu “Enter.” MuDare, museminari unotangwa napauriri. Pakangotangwa, mutengi unogoverwa nhamba uye unonongedzerwa kudare rine simba pamusoro penhau yaro. Somuenzaniso, gwaro rezvokurapa ringaenda kuDare reIndare reEnergy and Commerce kana kuti reSango reHreat, Education, Labor, uye Pensions Committee.

Chiito cheDare

Matare ndiwo anotonga basa rine udzame zvikurusa. Dare ringatonga apo nyanzvi, vachengeti vemari, uye vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanopupurira. Pashure pokunzwa, dare rinova ne “muitiro wekunyora” apo mitezo inokarakadza kugadziriswa nokuvhota pamutauro wepepa. Kana dare richibvumira mutongo wacho, unoshumwa kuimba yakazara nomushumo wakanyorwa unotsanangura rumbidzo dzedare. Zvikwereti zvizhinji zvinofa mudare; zvikamu bedzi zvinotangira pasi.

Nharo Dzomudenga Nokutamba

MuImba, gakava rinodzorwa zvakasimba neMitemo Dare, iyo inogadza miganhu yenguva uye inotema kuti idzorei ganhuriroi ingarangarirwa. MuSayame, gakava rakajeka zvikuru, uye varendi vanogona kuganhurira kana kuti kuvhara vvutoti nokutaura. Mutengi anogona kupedzwa nokukumbira [[FL:0] chirongwa chevhuro , zvinoda kuti 60 vasarudze kurukurirano kusvikira kumaawa 30 okuwedzera. Pashure pekurukurirano, vhoti yevoti yenharo huru (51 muDare, 218 muImba) inodikanwa kupfuudza mutero, kunze kwezvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana nezvibvumirano.

Dare Romusangano

Kana Imba neDare zvikapfuudza shanduro dzakasiana - siana dzemutemo mumwe chete, dare remusangano(___nounganidzwa yemitezo inobva mumakamuri ose ari maviri(icho chinoitirwa kuyananisa misiyano.) Mushumo womusangano unofanira kutenderwa nemakamuri ose ari maviri muchimiro chakafanana risati ragona kutumirwa kuna Purezidhendi.

Chiito Chapurezidhendi

Kana makamuri ose ari maviri angopfuura mutemo wakafanana, unotumirwa kuna Purezidhendi. Mutungamiriri wehurumende angasaina mutemo, angaudzosera (kuudzorera kuCongress nokuramba), kana kuti kuubvumira kuva mutemo pasina kusaina pashure pamazuva gumi (MaSvondo anopfuudza). Masangano anogona kudzora chivhoti chavanhu vazhinjisa vaviri mumakamuri ose ari maviri.

Nzira Iyo Zvisarudzo Zvinoitwa Nayo

Kuita zvisarudzo muCongress kunopesvedzerwa nezvinhu zvakawanda: vatungamiriri vebato, matare, vanonyandura, vanoumba, uye mitemo yesangano. Kutumira mashoko haisi nhau iri nyore kuhana yomunhu oga; ibasa rokukurukurirana, kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, uye kuranga kwepabato.

Kutungamirira Boka Nezvisungo

Mubato rimwe nerimwe mundima imwe neimwe munosarudza vatungamiriri vanogadza zvirongwa zvemitemo nechirango chebato. MuImba, Mutauri weImba [ ndiye munhu ane simba zvikurusa, anodzora marusando ouriri, migove yedare, uye karenda yemitemo. Vatungamiriri vazhinji navaduku vomumakamu ose vanoshandisa nzira youriri. Vaki vane mutoro wokuverenga vhoti uye kukurudzira mitezo kuvhota mitsetse yebato, zvikurukuru pazvikwereti zvemavhiti.

Simba Redare uye Gavhuna

Zvigaro zvedare, kazhinji kazhinji mutezo mukurusa wevoruzhinji zvikurusa, zvinopesvedzera zvikuru. Vanosarudza kuti zvii zvikwereti zvinogamuchira kutongwa, izvo zvapupu zvinodanwa, uye kuti vanobhadharwa vanopfuuridzira sei. Kukura kwaishandiswa kuva mudzori bedzi wezvigaro zvasachigaro, asi zvino masangano anowanzovhota pazvigaro, uye ganhuriro dzenguva imwe dzakatangwa mumamwe matare. Vamiri vamaniki vanoitawo basa rinokosha, zvikurukuru muImba, umo vanobata nhau chaidzo.

Mibato Yokuita Zvinhu

Congress inoshandisa marudzi anoverengeka ezvivhoti. Vhoti dzenzwi dzinokurumidza uye dzinoshandiswa nokuda kwezviito zvisingabvumirani. Vavhoti vokuvhota vamwe vanokumbira mitezo kuti imire. Vhoti yakarekosa inogona kuita chimiro chedanidzo muDare kana kuti vhoti yemagetsi muImba. Mavhoti akanyorwa anokosha nokuda kwokuzvidavirira; vamiririri vavo vanogona kuona chaizvoizvo kuti muteveri wavo anovhotera paruhuwa rwupi norwupi. Dare rinoshandisawo zvibvumirano zvinobvumirana nomutemo kusunungura bhizimisi renguva dzose, izvo zvisingadikanirwi kupesana nedare ripi neripi.

Basa Rokubatana Kweboka

Chinzwano cheboka chakawedzera zvikuru mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura. Pamutemo mukuru, mitezo mizhinjisa inovhota nevoruzhinji vebato ravo. Zvisinei, mapoka akatarisana achichiri kuumba panhau dzakadai sebhizimisi, rusununguko rwavagari vemo, kana kuti gadziriro. Kudikanwa kwokuchengeta mavhoti 60 muDare kuti aputse mauto anobvumirana pane zvisina kufanira pamabhiri akawanda, sezvo boka revoruzhinji risingawanzova nevoruzhinji vanodzivirira vana.

Zvimwe Zvitendero Nemabasa

Kunze kwokuita mitemo, Dare rinotarisira nokuronga mari zvinoumba mutemo wehurumende.

Muitiro Webhajeti Wamabhangi

Congress inodzora chikwama chehurumende kupfurikidza nesimba racho rechikwama. Muitiro unovamba nechikarakadzo chaPrezidhendi chemari yokubhadharisa muna February, asi Congress inonyora chisarudzo chayo imene chemari yokushandisa nemari inoronga zvirongwa zvemari nokuda kwegore remari riri kuuya. House neDare reBallet Committee joid jongwera rechisarudzo, chinofanira kupfuudzwa namakamuri ose ari maviri (asi haisino kusainwa naPrezidhendi). Pashure pacho, 12 vamiriri vemari muimba imwe neimwe vanogadzira mari inotsatsatsatsatsa mari nokuda kwemasangano akati. Kana zvikwereti izvozvo zvisati zvaitwa pamavambo egore refiscal (Ocber 1), Dare rinofanira kupfuudza chisarudzo chinopfuurira kuchengeta mari, kana kuti kuronge kwapera kurongwa.

Kutarisira Nokuongorora

Congress anotarisira hofisi yeBhazi guru kupfurikidza nokutongwa kwedare, kunzvera, uye zvikumbiro zvemagwaro. Office yeMatare (GAO) uye Conforional Ballet Office (CBO) inogovera kunzvera kusingachinjika. Kunzwa kunogona kupesvedzera mufambiro wesangano nemurangariro wavose. Implate jasirori yokupedzisira: mavhoti eImba okudzosairira (vhoti huru), uye Dare rinotonga kubvisa dare rapamutemo (mutenziregi wamativi maviri ezvikamu).

Zano Nebvumirano

Basa reDare mukusimbisa kunyoresa zvibvumirano zvapurezidhendi uye kukwikwidza zvibvumirano icherekedzo pasimba guru. Kudzorwa kuDare repamusorosoro, matare ehurumende, uye nzvimbo dzedare zvedare zvinonongedzerwa kuDare reDare reMutudhia kana kuti dare rakakodzera, iro rinoita kuti kutonga kubvume uye ipapo rinorumbidza mumiririri kuDare rakazara. Voruzhinji vanosimbisa vadzoni vazhinjisa, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vachida kuti vatsive mukurumbira mukuru muinozivikanwa se “chinjo ye Zhizha” yakaitwa muna 2013 uye 2017 kugumisa maPrecillers ose pamines kunze kwedare gurusaresaukuru pamberi pa2017.

Tsamba

Zvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose zvinoda vhoti yezvikamu zviviri muzvitatu muDare nokuda kwokuparadza. Mapurezidhendi anoshandisa nenzira inowedzera zvibvumirano zvokutungamirira panzvimbo pezvo, izvo zvisingadi tendero yeDare asi zvisingasungiri paudzori hwenguva yemberi. Iyi chinja yakaderedza basa reDare mumuitiro wokumwe asi haisati ichibvisa chiremera charo chokutarisira.

Nzira Dzinogona Kushandiswa Nevagari Vemo

Kunzwisisa kuti Congress inoshanda sei kunoita kuti vagari vemo vakwanise kuita zvinhu zvinogutsa muhurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu.

  • Kuonana navamiriri vako. Kushevedzera, kunyora, kana kuti kutumira tsamba hofisi yomunzvimbomo yenhengo yeImba yako kana kuti vatenator ndiyo nzira yakananga zvikurusa yokuratidzira nayo nzvimbo yako pabhiri. Tsamba dzenzira, uye pakuvhota kwapedyo, mafashamo erunhare anogona kugumisa chisarudzo.
  • Misangano yehoro yetaundi yakatsindirwa nokutongwa. Mitezo yakawanda inogara horo dzetaundi mumaruwa ayo mukati menhambo. Kupinda kunokubvumira kubvunza mibvunzo somunhu ndokunzwiwa. Dare rinovhurwawo kuruzhinji; unogona kuatarira achigara pa [ Calfor.gov kana kuti munhu muWashington.
  • Kutevera mashoko edare nerokunyora mitemo. Shandisa [.Gov kuona rugwaro rwakazara rwemabhiri, mishumo yedare, uye zvinyorwa zvokuvhotera. Mawebsite akafanana naGovTrack. us ne Proublica’s Irbustration resignation nesvhota. Zvinyorero kupepa reRekoribhedhi reKorosari ne Office yedare reKonquisition.
  • Sarudzo musarudzo. Sarudzo dzeCongregational dzinoitika makore maviri ari ose. Sarudzo dzeMidterm (pakati pesarudzo dzapurezidhendi) kazhinji kazhinji dzinoona kuderera kwakaderera, bva dzinosarudza kudzora kweCongress uye nokudaro miganhu yemitemo. Cherechedza miganhu yevhotai nezvinodikanwa pa USA.gov
  • Iwera mapoka ezvibvumirano kana kuti nhimbe. Masangano akanangidzira ngwariro panhau dzakati (kuchengeteka, mhoteredzo, maruramiro avagari vemo) anotarisira Dare ndokubatanidza nhamburiko dzouswa. Kuzvipira namapoka akadaro kunodzosa inzwi rako uye kunopa zivo mukati yemitemo yakamirira.
  • Anoidzwa pakutongwa kana kuti kupa tsinhiro dzavose. Masangano eFederal anowanzogamuchira tsinhiro dzavose pamusoro pemirairo inokarakadzwa inobva mumitemo yedare. Kuwedzerazve, dzimwe nguva matare anokumbira vagari vemo vemo veavhareji kupupurira pakutonga; unogona kukumbira kutaura kupfurikidza nehofisi yomumiriri wako kana kuti newebsite yedare.

Zvinetso Nezviito Zvenguva Pfupi Yapfuura Mukuita Chisarudzo Chedare

Kunzwisisa zvinhu izvi kunobatsira vagari vemo kunzwisisa kuti mitemo inotonga inoitwa sei uye kuti inoshanda sei.

Kuchinja Kunoita Kudenga

Masangano makuru maviri akura nenzira yakasiana zvikuru neyapakati uye zvikuru neyakasiana zvikuru. Uku kupera kwenzvimbo dzinofara kunoderedza chiverengero chemitezo ine mwero inogona kuvaka mibatanidzwa yemichinjikwa. Somuuyo, mutemo mukuru unowanzopfuudzwa mumitsetse yebato (g., Affordcable Care Act, Reformation Act) panzvimbo pokubvumirana kwakafara. ] Filibuster [ muDare rinowanzoshandiswa kuvhara zvikwereti zvizhinji, zvichitungamirira kukushatiswa nokudana nokuda kwechinjo.

Kushandiswa kwe “Recondiation”

Gadziriro yebhajeti inobvumira mabhiri ane chokuita nebhajeti kupfuudza muDare nevoruzhinji vakapfava, kudarika vana. Kuyananiswa kwakashandiswa nokuda kwechinjo huru dzemiitiro, dzakadai se 2017 Tax Cuts neJobs Act na 20222 Iflatection Reduction Act. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti kuyanana kunosekesa rudzi rwedare redare, nepo vatsigiri vachiti ndiyo nzira bedzi yokupfuudza nayo mutemo weRoce mukamuri rakakamukana.

Kushandiswa Kwakawedzera Kwemirayiridzo Yechiremera

Apo Congress inomiswa, mapurezidhendi anowanzotsamira pamirairo yavakuru vakuru uye kugadzirwa kwemitemo kuti vazadzise zvinangwa zvemitemo. Uku kuchinjana kwechisarudzo paCongress, asi izvi zviito zvinogona kuchinjwa napurezidhendi anotevera kana kuti kudenhwa mudare. Kunzwisisa kubatanidzwa kwechiito chemitemo nechavakuru vakuru kunokosha mukuongorora migumisiro yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Basa Remari Nokubira

Mipiro yemipiro yenhimbe nendyiko dzokukumbira zvibvumirano zvine revo huru pakuita chisarudzo chesangano. Nepo chiokomuhomwe chakananga chisiri pamutemo, mitezo inopesvedzerwa namasheketi emari, Matare ePistical Action (PACs), uye mapoka ezviwanira mari yakasanorongwa. Kuramba Kuchibatanidza Drasm Respice Act[ kunoda vakwidzi vokupinda kuti vanyorese nokushuma mibato yavo, asi kunovapo. Vagari vemo vanogona kunzvera mipiro panzvimbo dzakadai seOpensecrets.org kuti vaone maindasi nemapoka avo atsigirirwe.

mhedziso

Dare isangano rakaoma rinodzikamisa kumirira, kugadzira mitemo, kutungamirira, uye kuronga. . . . makamuri aro maviri ane mashoko akasiyana- siyana neamacontiunice(akarongwa kuderedza mitemo nokukurudzira kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira. Gadziriro yokuita mutemo inobatanidza nhevedzo dzakawanda umo zvikwereti zvinogona kugadziriswa, kudzorwa, kana kuti kukundwa. Zvisarudzo zvinopesvedzerwa nevakuru vebato, zvigaro zvedare, uye kudikanwa yokuvhota. Vagari vagari vemo vane nzira dzakawanda dzokupinda, kubva pakuonana nevamiririri vavo kuti vabatane munze uye muvhoti. Nepo zvinetso zvazvinosarira kudzorwa kwemari muzvamatongerwe enyika zvichioma, mutezo unova mutengi mukuru wedare rinova.

Kuwedzera pakurava, bvunza zviwanikwa zvehurumende zvakadai se Konsole.gov uye SATE. Gov. Congress Research Research Service (CRS) inogovera mishumo isiri yemitemo inowanika kupfurikidza ne CRP]CRSS Religion.conv[FFF:5]