Kunzwisisa Kuchinja Kwekufambisa Mashoko

General Data Protection Reggation (GDPR) inogovera gadziriro yapamutemo yemibato yose yokugadzira mashoko mukati meEuropean Union, kubatanidza kuchinjirwa pakati penyika dziri nhengo. Nokuda kwenyika dzeIreland dzinotamisira mashoko omunhu oga kune dzimwe hama dzakavakirwa paEU, musengwa mukuru kuva nechokwadi chokuti mashoko acho anoramba achiwana mwero wakaenzana wedziviriro murwendo rwawo. Dare reIrish Detection Commission (DPC) rinoshanda sechiremera chinotungamirira chemasangano akawanda emarudzi akawanda akavakirwa muIreland uye rinosimbisa nheyo yokuzvidavirira. Masangano anofanira kunyora mashoko awo anofambiswa, kuzivisa ngozi, uye kushandisa zvose zviri zviviri zvitatiko (TOM) zvinowirirana nokunzwisisa mashoko anochinjwa. Nepo muUS, kusachinja kuchinjwa hakudikanzi kupfuudzira kupfuudzira kana kuti kupfuudzira nzira yokuzvidavirira seContractive Contractive Concentract Clation (C) yemicrome yemicrome yeGration yeGP 5 yeG.

Ikapiwa Ireland ̱ inzvimbo yechienzi senyika inotaurirana yeEngland inotakura dzimbahwe reEurope refemu dzakawanda dzenyika yose, kupfuudza kwapabodhi remikoto yemikoto kunobatanidza kazhinji kazhinji uye kazhinji kazhinji kunobatanidza mirwi mikuru yemashoko omunhu oga. DPC inogombedzera kuwirirana nokunzvera, faindi, uye magwaro enhungamiro. Kunokosha kuti masangano eIrland agare ari pakati pemitengo inowirirana nezvinodzorwa, kubatanidza simba reSchrems II pakusimudzwa kwenyika yose uye Dare reTechlorection Board ̱ (DEPB) rumbidzo. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvichitonga zvakananga. Zvinodzodzodzodzodzo dzakasimudzira kudzorwa kwezvosero nekariro nokuda kwekuchengeteka mukati mamiriro ezvinhu eUNIOR, nhau yemitemo yenyika yose inowirirana neGD, nhau yemitemo yehurumende yehurumende yenyika yose inoshanda kurongedzero yokutanga kuro.

Zviwanikwa zvokunze zvakadai semapepa epamutemo rugwaro rweEURÍLTES uye Rish Teader Device Commission yoKudzivirira data [ inogovera nhungamiro inongogara iripo nokuratidza. Masangano anofanira kuhwirudzura aya manyuko nguva dzose kuti aonese miitiro yokuendesa mashoko nezvinenge zvichitarisirwa.

Kushandiswa Kwemakombiyuta Kunoita Mativi Akanaka

Kudzorwa kwounyanzvi ichecho nzira ipi neipi yokuendesa mashoko yakachengeteka. Kana mashoko achifamba pakati penyika dzeIrish neEU, angabatanidza zvikamu zveInternet zvavose, mibatanidzwa yemaPLS yapanyika, kana kuti mibatanidzwa yebasa regore. Pasina kunyorwa kwamashoko akasimba uye kutendiswa, mashoko acho anogona kukuvadzwa, kukanganisa, uye kuwanikwa pasina kubvumirwa. Zvikamu zvinotevera zvinotsanangura zvose zvamatanho ounyanzvi anofanira kuitwa.

Kunyora Mushanduro uye Pazororo

Kunyora kunoshandura mashoko kumunhu upi noupi pasina kiyi yapamutemo. Nokuda kwemijenya muTrax, Transport Lames Security (TLS) 1.2 kana kuti 1,3 ndiyo mitemo inotarisirwa pakuchengeta kuendeswa kwewebhu inowirirana, kubatanidza runhare nemirando yeAPI inopfuura nevhu kupfuudzwa kwemitengo mizhinji, zvirongwa zvakadai seSFTP (SSH File Expreadroctive Protocolm) uye FTPS (FTS pamusoro peSS/TL) zvinopa kunyorwa zvakasimba kwezvose. Mitengo inofanira kumanikidza kunyorwa kwemashoko nekerobhoti duku yezvikamu 256 zvemitengo zvemitengo zvemitengo. Kuwedzera, majereko paunenge wasara vashari, mapepa ezviteshinamararechisi, uye mapepa edziromendezi zvinofanira kuva zvakavhara kungwa. Iyi inova inoita kuti ive iko yokuwana kunyange kuwanika.

Kushandiswa kwoudzame hwenhau: matare anofanira kuwanwa kuVatongi veSatifiketi vanovimbwa (CAS), makiyi eSSSH anofanira kutenderera panhambo nenhambo, uye maraibhurari okunyorwa kwamashoko okunyorwa kunofanira kuchengetwa kupfurikidza naprototomosi mukurwisana nezvinozivikanwa. European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) inobudisa guidance on refish ratechisms uye vatarisiri vanokosha [, izvo masangano eIreland anogona kushandisa kuratidzira miitiro yawo yokunyora mashoko enyaidzo.

Mitemo Yokukurukurirana Yakachengeteka

Kupfuura kunyorwa kwamashoko, chisarudzo chemitemo yekurukurirano chinotapura zvakananga HTTPS, SFTP, uye WebDAV pamusoro peHTTPS zvakafanira nokuda kwokuendeswa kukurusa kwemibato. nokuda kwegadziriro productives inobatanidza manyuko chaiwoiwo enguva, inorangarira kushandisa maHytents (Manetwork akavanzika) kugadzira mugero wakavanzika pakati pemakombiyuta nenzvimbo dzemazai egore. Webpremis nenzvimbo dzinosite neIPsecti kana kuti OpenVPN inogovera musecromendic, isati ichideredza mativi epamusoro pevhu. Masangano anofanirawo kurangarira kushandiswa kwebatanongedzero kwapamhiko yetesito yemunhu oga, zvakadai seAWSCrective okanye AZREXreutrout, nokuda kwokuendesa mashoko kwakakwirira.

Kusimbisa uye Kuwana Zvidzori

Kuzivisa kuzivikanwa kwezvose zviri zviviri mutumi nomugamuchiri hakune pamutemo. Multigreeturant kusimbisa (MFA) kunofanira kuva kwapamutemo nokuda kwegadziriro ipi neipi yokufambisa kana kuti basa rokutumira. Zvitupa zvemataitiki, mutendi panzvimbo yeTLS, uye SS mabhii maruva anokosha inzira dzinozivikanwa navose nokuda kwomuchina. Rolet baamuregiate anoshandiswa kudzora (RBAC) kuvimbisa kuti vashandi vanobvumirwa vane mano okutanga kana kugadzirisa kugadziridza. Ufakazi nokushandisa nzira dzokuwana (IAM) zvinofanira kutevera nheyo yeropafadzo duku, kubvumira zvibvumikiso zviduku zvinodikanwa kuita basa. Zvinyorwa zvokufambisa mashoko hazvifaniri kutongoshatiswa kunyorwa, panzvimbo pezvo kushandisa matururo akavanzika akadaro seHasChiplorth kana kuti chitokito chezvitoro.

Kunzvera kwenguva dzose matanda ekuwana nezvinoitika zvinobatsira kuziva basa risina kujeka. EDPB nhungamiro pamatanho ounyanzvi inorumbidza kubudirira nokukundikana kuedza kusimbisa ndokuzvichengeta kwenhambo inowirirana negadziriro yemazita esangano. Kubatanidza aya matanda neSecurity Information and Pramement Management (SIEM) inogonesa kungwarira nguva chaiyoiyo yenguva ino pakunyumwira.

Kusimbiswa Kwokuvimbika Kwemashoko

Kutamisirwa kwakakotsekana hakusati kuri bedzi pamusoro pechakavanzika asiwo pamusoro peperero. Maarusaiti enhau akadai seSHANURA256 kana kuti SHA 7612 anogona kushandiswa kugadzira machenjedzo pamberi pokupfuudzwa. Vanogamuchira ipapo vanodzokorora hash ndokuienzanisa noukoshi hwomutumi. Kuchinja kupi nokupi kunoratidzira kukanganisa kana kuti ushati. Kuendesa mafaira mazhinji, kubatanidza SFTP neHTTPS, kunobatanidza kutendeka kupfurikidza naMaC (Mitemo Yokusimbisa). Nokuda kwemitemo inotsoropodza, masangano anogona kushandisa sigini yomutauro wemafoni kugovera zvisati zviri 762, kubvumikisa kuti matepi anobva kuchinhu chakananga uye kuti ashandurwe mukufamba.

Mabasa Aiitwa Pachishandiswa Mutemo uye Kuchengetedza Vari Mumatare

Nepo zvitanho zvounyanzvi zvichikosha, dziviriro dzapamutemo dzinogovera gadziriro yepamutemo yokuzvidavirira kunofanira kupiwa neGDPR. nokuda kweitra pressions, musengwa wapamutemo unosakafanira zvikurusa ibvumirano yemibatanidzwa yeDPA pasi peChikamu 28, iyo inofanira kuva munzvimbo apo mushandisi anobata mashoko emunhu oga nokuda kwomutarisiri. Kuwedzera, masangano anofanira kurangarira mitemo inobatanidza pamutemo yesangano rebhizimisi (BCRC) nokuda kwokutamisirwa kweboka rezvikamu, kunyange zvazvo maBCRC achigadzirirwa zvikurukuru nokuda kwamapoka amarudzi akawanda anoendesa mashoko kunze kweEURO, mukati me EU, hurumende yakarongwa pasi pechitsauko chechitatu chetsoro chamazasi; zvisinei, masangano mazhinji eIreland anofanira kurangarira kushandisa SCC kana kuti maBCRFS asharati akanakisisa kuratidzira mupimo wakakwirira wekutakura kutakura mashoko mukuendesa kwose kwose, pasineiwirira kwokuenda mberi kwenzvimbo.

Kubvumirana Kwemashoko (DPAs)

Pasi peChikamu 28, DPA inofanira kududza nhau yenhau, nguva, chisiko, uye chinangwa chokugadzira, pamwe chete norudzi rwemibatanidzwa yomunhu oga nemapoka enhau dzematai. Chibvumirano chinofanira kuisawo misengwa yakananga pamugadziri: kuronga bedzi pamirayiridzo yakanyorwa, kuvimbisa kuvandika vashandi, kushandisa matanho echengeteko akakodzera, kubetsera mutungamiriri nekodzero dzenhau uye kuputsa zviratidzo, uye kubvisa kana kuti kubvisa mashoko pamugumo webasa. Nokuti muna TRAPUEEU, DPA yoga yakakwana kugutsa chinodikanwa chokudzosera, chero bedzi mushandisitiri wemazano ari mukati me Union kana kuti munyika yechitatu yakafukidzwa nechisarudzo chokusarutsira. Masangano eIreland anofanira kuvimbisa kuti DPA anosaitwe basa rokuendesa mashoko api nekodzero dzakajeka.

Mitemo Inobatanidza Claus Neyokubatanidza

Kunyange zvazvo SCCCs iri pamutemo bedzi nokuda kwokutamisirwa kunyika dzechitatu, masangano akawanda eIreland anobatanidza nokuzvidira masangano eEU mubatanidzwa kuti aruramise gadziriro yepamutemo muukama hwose. Komishoni yazvino uno yeEurope yeSCCS (2021) inofukidza mhatsa yamativi akawanda, kubatanidza mudzori wematangiro nemushandisi wemasangano anotambira zvinhu. Inobatanidzawo gadziriro dzekodzero dzenhau, kuva nemhaka, uye kubatira pamwe nezviremera zvevakuru vakuru vakuru. Nokuti maBCRR anogona kugamuchirwa kuti atange muitiro wetsika unodzivirira wedata unobatira kusangano riri rose riri mukati , kusingatauriki nzvimbo. Kunyange zvazvo vachiwana BCR inotenderwa kubva kumukuru mukuru webasa ibasa, inopa kubatira kudzivirira kwenguva refu.

Miitiro Yakanakisisa Yokuchengetedza Kunofambisa Mashoko

Kutyisidzira kunokonzerwa nokuchinja - chinja, kuchinja kwemabhizimisi, uye kuita zvinhu maererano nemitemo yakabatana uye kunoitwa nenyanzvi dzinoongorora zvinhu, kunoramba kuchibatsira kuti zvinhu zvirambe zvakanaka nokufamba kwenguva.

Midungwe Yakanyorwa Nekuongororwa

Kutsiviwa kwemashoko kuri kwose kunofanira kuita kuti pave nokupinda kwognoup kunotora nguva, manyuko nenzvimbo IP, ukuru hwemakorimendi, mutemo wemitemo unoshandiswa, uye mugumisiro. Matanda aya anobatira soufakazi nokuda kwokunzvera kana kuti kukundikana kwemitengo inowirirana uye sechinhu chinobva chepasi muchinoitika chedziviriro. Malog anofanira kuchengetwa mumugariro wekuisa zvinhu panzvimbo yazvo wekucheka wakaparadzana, zvakaenzana nekwakasiana. Mitemo inodzorwa nenzira yakarongwa inogona kurambira mabhaisikopo samavhoti, pashure pemaawa 0, kudzokororwa kwokusimbisa kunodzokororwa kunodzokororwa, kana kuti kukeswa kukero kuIP isingakarirwi. Zvicherekedzo zvinofanira kutedzerwa kuboka rokuchengetera chikwata chekuchengeteka (OC) nokuda kwokunzvera.

Kuronga Kukurumidza

Pasinei zvapo nengwariro dzose, kuputsanya kunogona kuitika. Masangano anofanira kuva nechirongwa chemhinduro yenhau iyo inopindurirwa zvakananga zviitiko zvokuchengeteka. Gadziriro inofanira kurondedzera mabasa nemibato yekurukurirano, mikoto, miitiro, uye zviziviso pasi peChikamu 33 (maawa 72 kuchiremera) uye Chikamu 34 (kukurukurirana nenhau). Kurovedza tafura nguva dzose nemifananidzo zvinobatsira kuvimbisa kuti timu ipedze chirongwa ichi. Masangano eIrland, DPC anokarira kukurumidza uye kushuma kwakakwana; kunonoka kana kuti kusatsamisela kwamashoko kunogona kuguma nezvinotanhanhanha.

Kuhwirudzura Nokuvandudzwa Kwechengeteko Kwenguva Dzose

Software, kuvhiya kwadzinonyudzwa, kunyorwa kwemarobhoti echinyakare zvikamu zvinozivikanwa navose zvokupinda zvinoda kuwiriranwa. Masangano eIrish anofanira kuronga zvikaisirwa zvirongwa zvokupinzwa kwemashoko panhambo nenhambo uye kuedza kuisa zvinhu zvinoda kuchinjirwa zvinenge zvichidiwa, kubatanidza magedhi eAPI, uye maSaudis. Kuchinja kwechiBasi kunofanira kutanga kwaidzwa nokuda kwemaraibhurari eTLS, SSH kugadziridza, uye purogiramu yekombiyuta. Kuwedzera, kuongorora kunofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti DPAs neSCC zvinoramba zvichiwirirana nenhungamiro yezve yazvinotevengwa. Kana kuchinja kukuru kuchiitika (g., kugadziridza kutsva matepfekero matejimendi echiduku).

Kurovedza Vashandi Nokungwarira

Chikanganiso chomunhu chihombesa chikuru chekupesana kwematai. Vashandirwi vanobata kuchinjwa kwemashoko vanofanira kurovedzwa pamiitiro yakarurama, kubatanidza nzira yokusimbisa nayo kuzivikanwa kwomugamuchiri, nzira yokunatsa nayo mafaira usati watumira, uye nzira yokuziva nayo kuedza kupa migove inotarirwa. Kurovedza kunofanira kuzorodzwa gore negore uye kuwedzera nokukurukurirana kwakarongwa apo tyisidziro itsva dzinooneka. Kuchengeteka kwakasimba kunoderedza bviro yokuratidzirwa kwetsaona uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti vashandi vanoziva nzira yokushuma nayo basa rinonyumwira.

Kudzivirira Kunoita Kuti Vasafurirwa (DPIA)

Chikamu 35 chinoda DPIA apo kugadzirwa kwemashoko omunhu oga kungaguma nengozi huru kukodzero nerusununguko rwevanhu. Kufambiswa kwemashoko anotapukira (muchib., mashoko outano, mabhii, mahwendefa ezvemari) pakati peIrish neEU kungatanga basa iri, zvikurukuru kana kutama kunosanganisira kugadzirwa kwemaatomu akuru kana kuti ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu rutsva rwakadai sechinovharanisa kana kuti chinovhara. DCA nenzira yakarongwa kuyera kudikanwa nokuwedzera kwebasa, kutsanangura ngozi, uye kuzivisa matanho okudziisa. Kutamisirwa kwaDHA kunofanira kufukidza kutemwaradziridza kutemwa, mamiriro okunze okufamba, maza eDPA anotangira kutungamirira kutungamirira kuidzo.

mhedziso

Kutapurwa kwemashoko kwakakotsekana pakati peIrish neEU kunoitwa nemubatanidzwa wekudzora kwounyanzvi hwakasimba, dziviriro dzakajeka, uye kungwarira kushanda. Kubatira neGDPR hachisi chirongwa chimwe chenguva ino unongogara uchida kudzokororwa nguva dzose uye kugadziridzwa kwekuchinjazve. Nokushandisa kunyorwa kwemashoko akasimba, kusimbisa kwakakwana, maDPA, masangano anogona kuderedza ngozi yokuputsa mashoko uye kuvaka kuvimba nevavakidzani uye nhau dzakafanana. Kubatanidza pakati pomutemo weIrishyland, miraudzo, uye mipimo yezvo younyanzvi kuparira mhoteredzo yakaoma asi inodzorwa. Zvibvumirano zvinoiswa mumitengo, zvinoiswa mukutumira mashoko kuchengeteko kuchava nokuna kusangana nezvinopesana nazvinoteverwa. Nokuda kwekutevera kurangana kwokupedzisira. [5]