Munhambo yanhasi yamashoko inokurumidza kushata, kusianisa idi nengano munhau kushuma kwakakomba zvikuru kupfuura nakare kose. Nokuwanda kwezvikamu zvemasangano enhau enzanga, maawa 24 enhau, uye zviri mukati zvinoiswa nomunhu, mashoko asina kururama anogona kupararira nokukurumidza kupfuura zvokwadi. Vadzidzisi navadzidzi zvakafanana, kukudziridza unyanzvi hwokuyera nokungwarira manyuko enhau uye zvirimo hazvisi rovedzo yedzidzo yedzidzo yedzidzo yezvokugara nhaka. Iyi nhungamiro yakakudzwa inogovera mumagadzirirwo ezvokuzivana, zvishandiso zvinoshanda, uye unyanzvi hwekongiri kuti vabetsere vadzidzi navadzidzi kunzvera nzvimbo dzenhau dzakaoma kunzwisisa nokuvimba.

Kukosha Kukuru Kwokuverenga Nokunyora

Kugona kurava nokunyora mashoko isimba rokuwana, kuongorora, kuyera, uye kuita zvinhu uchishandisa zvimiro zvose zvekurukurirano. Munguva umo maarufabheti anoumba zvatinoona nedzakadzika zvikuru, kurava nemifananidzo yenhau kwazova unyanzvi hunokosha muupenyu. Kupa vanhu simba rokupokana nenhau, kuongorora, uye kudzivisa kunyengera. Rangarira zvikonzero zvinotevera nei kurava nenhau kuchifanira kuiswa mudzidzo:

  • [[FLT: 0][FLT Amplified: kumanikidza varavi kupfuvura kushandiswa kwemitengo yapamusoro. Kurovedza uropi kubvunza uyo akasika iri shoko, [[FLT:] [[FLT]] rakasikwa, [ sei [[FLT]] rakagadzirwa, uye rakasiiwa.
  • .Kushanda kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu kunotsamira pachisarudzo chakasarudzwa chine ruzivo. Apo vagari vemo vasingagoni kuparadzanisa zvokwadi nengano, hurukuro yavose inoshatisa, uye vatambi vakashata vanoshandisa vhiringidzo.
  • Resible Against Misformation: Mistformation haisati iri bedzi kutsamwiswa; inogona kuva nemiuyo chaiyoiyo yenyika(kuvambira pakunonoka kwenhomba kusvikira kudzongonyedzo yesarudzo. Kurava nokunyora nokunyora pepanhau kunoshanda senhomba yendangariro, kuchideredza kunzwika kumashoko enhema.
  • Simba mu Digital Spaces: Nhevedzano dzinotusa bvumirano yokururama. Vanhu vakadzidza venhau havangatongogoverani zvinhu zvinonyandura kana kuti zvisingakanwi, kuchidzosera kupararira kwenhema.

Kudzidza kunobudisa nhau muzvinhu zvose — kubva munhau nesayenzi kuenda kuunyanzvi hwemitauro — kunobetsera vadzidzi kuona kuti kunzvera kwokungwarira unyanzvi hwenyika yose, kwete musoro wenzvimbo.

Kunzwisisa Kunaka Kwemashoko Asina Kunaka

Kuziva zvinhu izvi kunobatsira vadzidzi kuziva mireza mitsvuku nokukurumidza zvikuru, vasati vapinda mumvura vachishandisa nzira dzechokwadi, zvinokosha kunzwisisa nzira dzakasiyana - siyana dzemashoko enhema.

Marudzi Anozivikanwa Navose Okusanzwisisa

  • [[FFLT:0] Satire kana kuti Parody: Zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nokuda kwokusetsa, asi kazhinji kazhinji zvakaipiswa nokuda kwenhau chaidzoidzo apo dzinobviswa pamashoko akapoteredza. Muenzaniso: The Onion.
  • Mashoko anotungamirira Zviri Kuri: Anoshandisa maidi echokwadi nenzira inonyengera kuumba nhau nenzira isiriyo. Somuenzaniso, cherry-astrical.
  • [[INDA] Iro :% 1] Inyuyo: Mashoko anofanana namanyuko epanyuko echipameso echokwadi (Mawebsite echipameso anotevedzera mabudiro chaiwoiwo enhau).
  • [[[FLT][[FLT] Mashoko enhema akakwana, anowanzogadzirirwa kunyengedza nokuparira kuvadziko.
  • [ Itano dzenhema: Misoro, zviono, kana kuti mashoko emashoko anorondedzera asingatsigiri zviri mukati chaiwo.
  • Nheyo dzenhema: Zvakanyorwa zvapachokwadi zvinogoveranwa namashoko enhema akapoteredza. Somuenzaniso, pikicha yekare inoshandiswa kurondedzera chinoitika chazvino.
  • [[[Ndo] Zviri mukati: Chapachokwadi chinenge chachinjwa / yakadai semifananidzo yakagadzirwa kana kuti mavhidhiyo (mafiti akadzikira).

Kupfurikidza nokudzidzisa vadzidzi izvi zvikamu, vadzidzisi vanovapa mashoko okunzvera zvavanoona. Apo mudzidzi akanangana nokutaura kunotyisa, vanogona kubvunza: Ichi chinhu chinonyadzisa here? Ko mashoko akapoteredza akarurama here?

Kuziva Kwakavimbika: Kuora Mwoyo Kwakadzama Zvikuru

Nyaya yokutanga yakapa mipimo inobetsera — chiremera, kururama, tsvete, mari, uye kufukidzwa.

Chiremera: Ndiani Anotsigira Mashoko?

Nzvera zvipupuriro zvomunyori here? Tsvaka nokuda kwe "Mauth Us" peji. Nokuda kwemasangano enhau, rangarira chinyorwa chechinyorwa nokuda kwokururama negadziriro yegadziridzo. Chenjera manyuko asingazivikanwi kana kuti mitoo isina kujeka. Muenzaniso: Kutaura kwezvokurapa kunofanira kubva kuna chiremba, munzveri, kana kuti sangano routano rinoremekedzwa, kwete murongi akangoerekana avapo.

Kururama: Mashoko acho anotsigira Uchapupu Here?

Kurava kupfuura musoro mukuru. Nheyo zhinji dzenhema dzine misoro mikuru inonyandura asi hadzina chinhu. Tsvaka mashoko kumanyuko makuru(mavambo, mishumo yapamutemo, mashoko akananga. Kana nyaya yacho ichiita kutaura kwakafanana "75% yavanhu vanodavira X," edza kuwana nzvero yapakuvamba. Shandisa injini yokunzvera kuona kana dzimwe sumo dzinobvunzi dziri kushuma nhau imwe cheteyo.

Bias: Pane Agenda Yakavanzwa Here?

Manyuko ari ose ane fungidziro yakati, asi chinokosha ndechokujeka. Nhau dzinozivikanwa dzinoparadzana murangariro nenhau nezviri mukati menhau. Shandisa maturusi akafanana ne Media Bias Fact Check[[FLT: 1] kuona kuti manyuko anowira pai. Nzvera peji yemari nokuda kwamanyuko emari. Nzvimbo inoramba kuzivisa muridzi kana kuti mari inofanira kumutsa nyumwiro.

Mari: Mashoko acho Atsva Here?

Mukukurumidza kugadzirwa (kubudirira kwesayenzi, sarudzo, ngwavaira), mashoko ekare anogona kuva anotsausa. Tsvaka chitambi chomusi. Kana nyaya ine makore matatu okukura, mashoko ayo angasavazve anokosha. Uyewo nzvera kana nzvimbo yacho yakagadziridza nyaya yacho nezvinoda kugadziriswa.

Hurukuro: Ko Manyuko Anopa Nheyo Here?

Kana nyaya yacho ichipesana nedzidziso dzayo, tsvaka mashoko akaoma anoongorora zvinhu zvinenge zvajeka kwete zvidimbu zvipfupi, cockbait. Kana nyaya yakavakirwa pachinhu chimwe chete chisingazivikanwi, mureza mutsvuku.

Chokwadi Chinodzivirira Chakakura: Mitoo Nemidziyo

Kupfuura kunzvera manyuko akavimbika, vadzidzi vanoda unyanzvi hwokuongorora zvinhu. Nyaya yapakuvamba yakaronga mawebsite akaisvonaka anoongorora maidi. Tinogona kuwedzera ndaza iyoyo ndokutsanangura nzira yokuashandisa nayo nenzira inobudirira.

Kushandisa Nzvimbo Dzinoongorora Zvinhu Zvakanyatsonaka

  • [FLT]Snopes:[[FT:3] Mumwe piyona mukubvisa ngano dzomumaguta, runyerekupe, uye mavhairasi ari mukati. Ishandise nokuda kwengano dzepaIndaneti, memeter, uye kutaura kwenzanga.
  • [FLT]] SECK. org:[[[FT:3] A asingaitiritarisani weAnnenberg Public Policy Center. Inonangidzira ngwariro pakushambadzira kwezvamatongerwe enyika, nharo, uye kutaura kwakaitwa navakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa.
  • [[FULT:0] FACT Inoshandisa "Truth-O-Meter" yakakurumbira kuonesa ururami hwezvirevo zvamatongerwe enyika kubva kunzvimbo yomunzvimbomo kusvikira kumwero worudzi.
  • Reutis record cheki: Basa renhau renyika yose iro rinobvumikisa mifananidzo, mavhidhiyo, uye kutaura kubva munyika yose. Rakaisvonaka nokuda kwenhau dzamarudzi.
  • SECCOLD[FFLT:2] (Australia) kana Idi rakazara [ (UK):[ masangano eidi renharaunda anonzvera anofukidza kutaura kwomunzvimbomo.

Nzira yokuzvishandisa nayo: Paunosangana nefungidziro inonyumwira, usangotsvaka bedzi kutaura kwacho kumene. Tsvaka mashoko anobva muchataurwa kubatanidza "cheki yechaiye" kana kuti "hoax" somuenzaniso: "video inoratidza kudengenyeka kwapasi muJapan 2024 idi chekero" kana kuti "icho ichokwadi kuti miuyo yapashure yejekiseni inobatanidza X chekicha. Manyuko mazhinjisa anonzvera ane bharo yokunzvera.

Kuongorora mufananidzo kwakadzoka: Kudzokorora zvinooneka

Mifananidzo namavhidhiyo zvinowanzobviswa pamashoko akapoteredza. Mbesa dze URL dzakafanana ne Google Images (chofoza faini yekamera) kana kuti TIN [ zvinokubvumira kuisa mufananidzo kana kuti kuisa pauri rekuoneka kune imwe nzvimbo. Izvi zvinogona kubudisa kana pikicha yemutsutsungiriridzo iri yoga yoga yoga yoga yoga yeguta kana kuti gore. Nokuda kwemavhidhiyo, shandisa [[FLT: 4.] INTCITPIT [kuwedzera kwechinyorwa] [FLT]]

Kunzvera Mazita enzvimbo neChikwaniriso cheWebsite

Nzvimbo dzenhau dzinonyepedzera kazhinji kazhinji dzinoshandisa mazita akafanana nenzvimbo dzinotevedzerwa (g., "abcnews.com" panzvimbo ye "abcawnews.go.com"). Masuo akafanana ne ndiani. ndi anogona kuzivisa ane nzvimbo yapakareji uye apo yakanyoreswa. Nzvimbo itsva inotaurwa kuva nzvimbo yenhau inonyumwirwa. Uyewo tarira papurani yenzvimbo yacho.

Basa Rezvirango Mumashoko Asina Kunaka

Kunzwisisa kusarura uku chinhu chinokosha padzidzo yokudzidza kuverenga nokunyora.

Miviri Yakakurumbira Inodzivisa Kubatwa Nezvinhu

  • Chibvumikiso Bias: Tsika yokutsvaka ndokudavira mashoko anosimbisa zvitendero zvedu zviripo. Kana nhau inowirirana nekuona kwedu nyika, hatingambopanikidzi kururama kwayo.
  • Muuyo wemoto: Apo vanhu vanopiwa ufakazi hunopokanidza chitendero chakasimba, ivo vangatova vakadzika midzi zvikuru munzvimbo yavo yapakuvamba. Ikoku kunoita kuti kururamisa mashoko asina kururama kuve kwakaoma.
  • Kuwanikwa: Kubvisa mashoko akavakirwa pakuti mienzaniso inouya sei kundangariro.
  • [[FFT:0] Muuyo wekunatsiridza: Kana tichiziva zvishomanene pamusoro, tingava nechivimbo chikuru muchisarudzo chedu. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kukunyanyova kukwanisa kwedu kuona nhau dzenhema.

Nzira yokukurukura nayo tsvete mukirasi: Kurudzira vadzidzi kutsvaka nokushingaira mirangariro inodenha ivo vamene. Shandisa marovedzo akafanana ne "magening"" --inodzidzisa shanduro yakasimba zvikurusa yenharo inobvira pamberi pokuitsoropodza. Dzidzisa vadzidzi kumira vasati vagoverana mirangariro: "Kana ikoku kuchindiita ndashatirwa kana kuti ndinofara, ndinofanira kusimbisa pamberi pokugoverana."

Kutanga Unyanzvi Hwokufunga Hunonetsa: Mazano Anoshanda

Nyaya yokutanga yakaronga kusava nechokwadi nekwakabva, kuongorora uchapupu, kufunga nezvemafungiro, uye kufungisisa nezverusaruro.

Nzira Yokushandisa

Yakatangwa naMike Caulfield, nzira yokushandisa SAFT inogovera nzira ina yokuongorora mashoko paIndaneti:

  1. [[[FT:0] Mira: Usati wagoverana kana kuti kudavira, mira. Usaita chiito nokukurumidza.
  2. [[FOLT:0] Sarudza Manyuko: Kutsvaka munyori, muparidzi, kana kuti sangano. Kunzvera kwokukurumidza kunogona kuzivisa kana izvo zvichidavirika.
  3. Wana hwiro Huru: Panzvimbo pokurava nyaya yapakuvamba, tsvaka izvo mamwe manyuko anovimbwa anotaura pamusoro pekutaura kumwe cheteko. Kana pasina manyuko akavimbika ari kukushuma, iva anopanikira.
  4. Zvinotaura, Kunotora, uye Media kuContext: Dzokera kufundo yapakuvamba, kutaura, kana kuti vhidhiyo. Kazhinji kazhinji, mashoko anomonyaniswa apo anobviswa mumashoko akapoteredza.

Kuedza CRAAP (kwakavhurwa)

Iyi muedzo wakakurumbira unomirira kuti Imari, Relevice, Chiremera, Ururami, uye donzo. Wedzera mamwe mabhii maviri: P ye [ P[ P [[FLT]] [manyuko mazhinji] anotsigira kutaura kwacho here?) uye E[FLT]

Kurava Kwapashure

Nyanzvi dzinoongorora zvinhu dzinoshandisa kuverenga kwepashure: Panzvimbo pokuramba vari pawebsite imwe chete uye kuedza kuona kuti ichokwadi nokuoneka kwayo (kuverenga kwakananga), dzinovhura matebhisi matsva kuti dzitsvake mashoko pamusoro penzvimbo yacho kana kuti mashoko. Izvi zvinomhanya uye zvinoshanda. Dzidzisa vadzidzi kuti varambe vakavhura mabhara akawanda uye vachienzanisa manyuko azvo.

Kudzidzisa Vadzidzisi: Kupfuura Kudzidzisa

Kushandisa kwekirasi ndiko kunoita kuti vanhu vazive kuti vakanyora sei.

Kudzidza Kusina Kuoma Munhau Iri Yose

Mukirasi yesayenzi, nzvera kuti fundo yesayenzi inoshumwa sei munhau mukurwisana nepepa rapakuvamba. Munhamba, nzvera nhamba dzinoshandiswa muzviziviso. Munhau, enzanisa kuti manyuko akasiana akafukidza sei chinoitika chimwe chetecho makumi amakore akaparadzana.

Shandisa Kurovedza Muviri Kunodzivirira Upenyu

Sarudza mashoko azvino uno, anomutsa nharo pasocial network. Ita kuti vadzidzi vashande vari vaviri kuinzvera munguva chaiyoiyo vachishandisa maturusi ari pamusoro apa. Ipapo ita kuti vape zvakawanwa kukirasi. Ikoku kunovaka chivimbo nounyanzvi.

Nzvero Dzakakomba dzeViral Mistant

Shandisa mienzaniso yakakurumbira: dare rePizzagate, kutaura kwenhema kwokuti KOVID-19 zvakatangwa murabhoritari sechishandiso chezvinhu zvipenyu, kana kuti mavhidhiyo akashandiswa evezvematongerwe enyika. Tsvaka danho rimwe nerimwe(madaro) rakapararira, rakaribvisa, uye vanhu vakaridavira.

Ita Blog yeKhaundi Yemashoko Yokudzidza Nokunyora

Vanofanira kunyora mashoko anokosha, voaongorora, voaongorora, vonyora pasi pevhu vachipfupikisa zvavakawana.

Dzidzisai Chibage, Ipapo Gadzirisaiwo

Simbisai kuti kutaurirana mashoko asina kururama kunokuvadza kunyange musingazvizivi. Itai rubatso mukamuri: Ndichanzvera zvinenge zviviri zvamashoko zvakasununguka ndisati ndataura mashoko api naapi anomutsa mirangariro yakasimba.

Kurovedza Kunoshanda Nokuda Kwavadzidzi

Hezvino zvinhu zvitatu zvinoitwa nemaoko zvinogona kugadzirirwa magiredhi akasiyana.

Mubato 1: Kuenzanisa Kwapanzvimbo

Ipa vadzidzi nyaya imwe chete kubva kunzvimbo nhatu dzakasiyana - siyana: imwe nzvimbo huru (su tabBC), nzvimbo imwe chete inodzorwa nevakawanda (zvikurukuru, Breitt kana kuti MSNBC), uye imwe nzvimbo inovigwa (muchib., The Onion). Vabvunze kuti vaone misoro yenhau, mutauro, mashoko ataurwa, uye manzwi ose. Kurukurai kuti ndezvipi zvakavimbika uye nei.

Mubato 2: Dzosa Kunzvera Mafanikiso

Somuenzaniso, mufananidzo weboka guru revanhu parinenge richiramba kana kuti pakaitika njodzi inongoitika yoga. Vadzidzi vanofanira kutsvagazve mufananidzo kuti vawane mashoko akapoteredza. Vangangowana mufananidzo wacho kubva pane chimwe chiitiko, vobvisa mashoko enhema.

Mubato 3: Kuvaka Basa Romunhu Oga Rokusimbisa

Kumbira vadzidzi kuti vatange nzvero nhanho yavanoshandisa panhambo nenhano apo vanoona musoro mukuru wenhau wavanoda kugoverana. Inofanira kubatanidza: Nzvera nzvimbo, tsvakai nzvimbo iri panze, nzvera kutaura panzvimbo inonzvera idi, tsvakazve mifananidzo, uye tsvaka manyuko apakuvamba. Izvozvi zvinova zvishandiso zvavo vamene zvokurava nokunyora.

Kupedzisa: Kuvaka Nguva Yemberi Yevagari Vakadzidza

Kusiyanisa idi nengano mumashoko anoshuma mapepanhau unyanzvi hunoda muitiro wenguva dzose uye kudisa kubvunza chinhu chiri chose. Kupfurikidza nokubatanidza kurava nokunyora nokunyora zvinobudisa nhau mudzidzo /(kupfurikidza nomurayiridzo wakajeka, mibato yemaoko, uye kuenzanisira kwenguva dzose) isu tinoshongedzera vadzidzi namaturusi anodikanwa kufambisa nyika yakazadzwa nemashoko. Mapango acho haagoni kuva akakwirira: nzanga isingagoni kutaura zvokwadi kubva munhema inokuvadza, mapoka, uye kuita zvisarudzo zvakaipa. Asi nenhamburiko yamaune, tinogona kumutsa chizvarwa chavazivi vakachenjera vanosvika nokupanikira, kuda kuziva, uye kuoma.

Tanga nhasi neshoko rimwe chete, cheki imwe chete, mubvunzo mumwe chete wokufunga.