Kunzwisisa Maitiro Akafanira Muzvikwereti

Miitiro yokuunganidza zvikwereti yave iri dziviriro inotapurwa navanotenga kwamakumi amakore. Nepo vakweretesi vane maruramiro apamutemo okuwanazve mari yakafanirwa, kodzero idzodzo dzinofanira kuva dzakadzikama mukurwisana nekodzero huru dzomutengi kubatwa zvakanaka mumutemo. Nheyo ye yapamberi pebasa [ inomira sechitsivi chebumbiro remitemo redziyo inowirirana, vachivimbisa kuti hapana mutengi anoiswa pasi pounyengeri, unonyengera, kana kuti muunganidzwa wakaipa pasina dziviriro dzapamutemo. Nyaya inonzvera izvo muitiro unoreva mumuunganidzwa wechikwereti, dziviriro yapamutemo inopa vatengi, uye zvinoitika apo dziviriro iyoyo inoputswa.

Ndeipi Iri Fambiro Yakafanira Mupfungwa Yapamutemo?

Pamavambo payo, muitiro wakafanira webumbiro remitemo unovimbisa pamutemo wakavakirwa muMitemo yeChishanu nerechigumi namana yeBumbiro reMitemo reU. Inoda kuti hurumende(* uye mumativi akawanda, masangano avanhu oga anoshanda pasi poruvara rwomutemo ($(*) anofanira kutevera miitiro inoyera asati anyima munhu upenyu, rusununguko, kana kuti zvinhu. Mumubatanidzwa wechikwereti. Mumuitiro wakafanira unowanzoshandura kuva zvinhu zviviri zvinokosha: taice uye

Mukana wokunzwiwa unoreva kuti mutengi anofanira kuudzwa nezvechikwereti, mari yaakakweretesa, kuzivikanwa kwomukwereti, uye nhano dzinoitwa kuti aunganidzwe, zvinoreva kuti mutengi anofanira kuva nomukana une revo wokupokanidza chikwereti chacho, ufakazi hunopiwa, kana kuti kutaura chisarudzo pamberi pechiito chipi nechipi chakaipa — chakadai sokupa mutero, mubhadharo, kana kuti mushumo wechikwereti unokuvadza (h.occus.).

Fandesheni yeBumbiro reMitemo

Kunyange zvazvo vakwereti vakavanzika vasiri vatambi vehurumende, mitemo yehurumende nehurumende inobatanidza nheyo dzakakodzera mumutezo wezvikwereti. The Fair Decle Countation Practics Act (FDCPA) ndiwo mutemo mukuru wehurumende unodzikamisa iyi miitiro kupfurikidza nokurambidza kutuka, kunyengera, uye kusaruramisira. Kuwedzerazve, mitemo yehurumende inowanzoratidzira kana kuti kuwedzera idzi dziviriro, ichida kuti kukwidzanisa matare kuitwe munzvimbo yakafanira uye kuti vatengi vagamuchire basa rakakwana.

Basa Remuitiro Wakafanira Mukuunganidza Zvikwereti Kwazvino Uno

Mubatanidzwa wechikwereti ibhizimisi ramabhiriyoni akawanda emadhora rinotapura mamirioni eAmerica gore rimwe nerimwe. Maererano neConsumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), anenge munhu mukuru mumwe muvatatu ane chikwereti mukuunganidzwa panguva ipi neipi. Nemapango akakwirira, kusavapo kwomuitiro wakafanira kunogona kutungamirira kukuvadziko yakakomba: kupomera kwakaipa, kushuma kwechikwereti kwakaipa, uye kunyange kubhadharwa mari zvisiri pamutemo.

Apo mukwereti anotanga zviitiko zvepamutemo, vanofanira kunamatira kumitemo yorumano. Somuenzaniso, mutengi anofanira kunyora sutu muruwa umo mutengi anogara kana kuti kusaina chibvumirano. Mutengi anofanira kubatira somunhu oga namadai nokunyunyuta. Rutongeso rwapamhene runogona kupinda kana mutengi asina kuziviswa zvakanaka uye kukundikana kupindura. Iyi matanho haisi miitiro yemitemo yemitemo yenyika; izvo zvinokosha zvinodzivirira zvakafanira zvinodzivisa vatengi kuwana rutongeso pasina zivo yomutengi.

Kutsigira uye Kusawirirana

Rimwe ramaturusi ane simba zvikurusa nokuda kwavatengi ikodzero yokuyera chikwereti. Pasi pe FDCPA, pakugamuchira chikumbiro chakanyorwa kubva kumutengi mukati mamazuva 30 ekurukurirano yokutanga, muunganidzi anofanira kurega mibato yokuunganidza kutozosvikira yagovera kutendeseka kwechikwereti. Ikoku kunobatanidza kopi yebvumirano yapakuvamba, mashoko enhau, uye chibvumikiso chokuti muunganidzi ane maruramiro apamutemo okuunganidza. Ichi chinodikanwa chinomanikidza vaunganidzi kuti vabvumikise chikwereti chacho chive chinoshanda vasati vaita chimwe chiito, vachiisa mutoro wechiratidzo apo chiripo.

Zvinyorwa Zvinoshanda NeWindow Rezuva Ra30

Mukati mamazuva mashanu okutanga kuonana nomutengi, mutengi anofanira kutumira chiziviso chakanyorwa chinobatanidza chitsama chechikwereti, zita romukwereti wokutanga, uye kutaura kwokuti mutengi ane mazuva 30 okupokanidza chikwereti chacho muchinyorwa. Iyi chiziviso chinhu chinokosha chemuitiro nemhaka yokuti chinozivisa mutengi nezvekodzero dzavo uye chinonyandura gadziriro yokushanda. Matare akarangarira kuti kukundikana kutumira ziviso yakarurama kunogona kuva kuputswa kwemari yeFDCPA, kuchiguma nemibereko yemitemo.

Dziviriro Dzapamutemo Dzinoparira Kurongwa Kwakafanira

Mitemo yakawanda yehurumende inoshanda mukonzati kuva nechokwadi chokuti muitiro wakakodzera hausati uchingova bedzi chinhu chaichoicho chinofungidzirwa asi chinhu chaichoicho chinogombedzerwa nokuda kwavatengi vanotarisana nokuunganidzwa kwechikwereti.

Muitiro Wezvikwereti Wakanaka Unoita Kuti Pave Nezvikwereti (FDCPA)

Yakazivikanwa muna 1977, FDCPA ndiwo mutemo mukuru womubatanidzwa unorambidza vatengi vechikwereti kushandisa miitiro yokutuka, isina kururama, kana kuti yokunyengera. Dziviriro huru dzinobatanidza:

  • Kurambidza kunetswa, kudzvinyirirwa, kana kuti kubatwa zvisina kufanira, zvakadai sokufona kwadzokororwa, kutyisidzirwa nechisimba, kana kuti kushandisa mutauro wakaipa.
  • Chireko chokuzivisa kuti mukwereti wacho ndiani uye kuti mashoko api naapi anowanikwa achashandiswa kuunganidza chikwereti chacho.
  • Mitemo yokutaura nevatengi panguva isina kukodzera (pasati pasvika nguva dza8 mangwanani kana kuti pashure pe9: 00 p.m.) kana kuti kubasa kana mushandirwi akakurambidza.
  • Kurambidza mifananidzo yenhema kana kuti inotsausa, kubatanidza kuti muunganidzi igweta kana kuti chiito chapamutemo chakaitwa.
  • Chirevo chokuremekedza chikumbiro chokurega kutora uye chokuramba chinenge chichinyorwa, kana apedza kuunganidza, anongogona chete kutaura nomutengi kuti aone kana akumbira kana kuti kuzivisa nezvezviito zvakati zvepamutemo.

Kuputswa kweFDCPA kunogona kuguma nokukuvadzwa chaikoiko, mutemo unokuvadza kusvikira ku $6 000, uye mitero yegweta. Chinokosha zvikuru, FDCPA inopa simba vatengi kuti vakwire mudare rehurumende kana kuti rehurumende, ichivapa mutoo wakananga wokuita kuti kodzero dzavo dzakafanira dziitwe.

Mushumo Wakanaka Wekupa Chikwereti (FCRA)

Muunganidzwa wechikwereti wakabatana zvikuru nokushuma kwechikwereti. FCRA inodzora nzira iyo vatengi vanoshuma nayo masangano (CRCS) anobata nayo mashoko echikwereti. Mupasi peFCRA, muteresi wechikwereti uyo anoshuma chikwereti kuCRA anofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti mashoko acho akarurama. Kana mutengi akakakavadzana noururami hwechikwereti, mutengi anofanira kunzvera ndokururamisa zvikanganiso zvipi nezvipi mukati mamazuva 30. Kukundikana kuita saizvozvo kunogona kutungamirira kukuva nemhaka kana mashoko asina kururama achikuvadza mutengi. Uyu ndiwo mumwe musengwa webasa rezvibvumirano, kudikaidza vatengi kuti vatsigiri vatsi vatsigiri vatsive zvavaridzire mukurumbira wemari.

Chikwereti Chehurumende Chinounganidzwa

Mitemo yakawanda ine mitemo yayo imene yechikwereti inopfuura FDCPA. Somuenzaniso, chinjo huru dzechikwereti dzeFort Fair Collections Act yeCalifornia dzinofukidza [[FLT: 0] vakweretesi vemavambo [] [1] kwete bedzi vaunganidzi vechitatu vezvikwereti, uye dzinogovera kuvadziko nokuda kwokuputsa kwemaune. Kuunganidza kwechikwereti kukuru kweNew York kunoda vatengi kubatanidza kuziviswa kwakananga pamusoro pomutemo weganhuriro nemaruramiro omutengi okupokana. Iyi mitemo yehurumende inowanzobatanidza gadziriro yokuwedzera, zvakadai sokuda kuti kuranganisa kushambadzwa kuchengedzerwa kuchengetwa munguva ine mufungo (zvinotenderwa ganhuriro) uye vatengi vanopiwa nzira yakajeka kuti vasapesane.

Matanho Anoshanda Kuti Vatengesi Vazive Kodzero Dzakakodzera

Vanhu vanoona kuti vakweretesa vanofanira kutora matanho anotevera kuti vazvidzivirire:

  1. [ Chikwerete chapashure pakunyora. Tumira tsamba inopupurirwa mukati mamazuva 30 eonano yokutanga yomuunganidzi. Chengeta kopi neritisi yokuendesa. Ikoku kunomisa mubato wemuunganidzwa kutozosvikira muunganidzi agovera ufakazi hwechikwereti.
  2. Chengeta murongedzero wekurukurirano dzose. Cherechedza misi, nguva, mazita, uye zvirimo zvefoni. Rekodhera kana zvichibvumirwa pamutemo (nyika imwe inobvumira kunyorwa). Iyi chinyorwa chinogona kuva chakakomba mukubvumikisa kuputsa FDCPA.
  3. Cherechedza mishumo yako yechikwereti. Wana mishumo yapachena kubva kuMayCredit Report.com. Tsvaka chikwereti chapakavanzwa. Kana muteresi asina kuiratidzira se “yakashatiswa nomutengi,” ingava kupunza kwakaparadzana kweFCRA.
  4. Kuwirirana namadai api naapi okukwirira mhaka. Kana ukakwidzwa, unofanira kugadzira mhinduro mukati menhambo (mutoo 20 nemazuva 30). Kukundikana kupindura kunogona kutungamirira kurutongeso rwaapose, runopfuura nomutoo wakafanira. Kunyange kana uchifunga kuti une chikwereti, kupindura kunokupa banza rokukurukura kana kuti kusimbisa dziviriro.
  5. Chibvumirano negweta rinotenga. Magweta akawanda anopa dziviriro dzokutanga pachena. FDCPA inogovera mari yegweta, naizvozvo magweta kazhinji kazhinji anotora iyi mhaka parunyararo. Gweta rinogona kukubetsera kunyora nyunyuto neCFPB kana kuti kukwidzira mutengi nokuda kwokuputsa.

Migumisiro Yokuputsa Maitiro Akafanira Mumupiro Wechikwereti

Apo vaunganidzi vechikwereti vanofuratira muitiro wakafanira, miuyo inogona kuva yakakomba nokuda kwavose vari vaviri mutengi nomutengi. Kuvatengi, kuvadziko yapakarepo zvikurusa irutongeso rwakashata rwapanguva imwe cheteyo. Chisarudzo chinogona kutungamirira kukuripira mari, kubhadharwa kwemari yebhangi, uye kunyengera panzvimbo (vatengi) vose vasina kumbova nezuva ravo mudare. Zvikwereti zvinogona kuderera namapfundo 100 kana kuti kupfuura, zvinotapura dzimba, basa, uye kukwereta kwomunguva yemberi.

Nokuda kwavaunganidzi, zvirango zvacho zvinokosha. Matare akapa zvirango zvikuru nokuda kwekuputswa kweFDCPA. Mu Marks v. Oceni Loan Serviching, chigadzikiso chezviito zveboka chakaparira kuva mamirioni $20 mukuyamura. Kupfuura zvirango zvemari, CFPB ine chiremera chokuita mitemo ndokumisa mitemo, faindi, uye kunyange zvirambidzo pamibato yechikwereti nokuda kwokudzorazve vapanduki. Muna 2022, CFPB yakaita chiito pamusoro pechikwereti chikuru nokuda kwokupomerwa kuva nemhosva zvinopesana nezvikwereti zvisina kukwana, zvichiguma nezvirango, zvinoguma nezvirango zvama $2062.

Kuongorora Kwezvinhu Zvemaindasitiri

Kubva mumurangariro webhizimisi, kuremekedza muitiro wakafanira haisi bedzi musengwa wapamutemo webasa. Vacheredzi vanotevera mitemo inovaka chivimbo kuvatengi, vanoderedza ndyiko dzemari, uye vanodzivisa nzvero yokuronga. Makambani anounganidza chikwereti akasunda nenzira inowedzera kuva nemienzaniso inowirirana, kuisa mari muruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu kuva nechokwadi chokuti zviziviso zvinobvumikiswa zvinotumirwa, nharo dzinotevedzerwa, uye madare anochengetwa nezvinyorwa zvakabvumwa. Masangano anocheka mabhii anotarisana nokukuvadzwa kwemikurumbira uye anobvira kubva muchikwereti.

Ngano Dzinozivikanwa Nezvakafanira Mukuunganidza Zvikwereti

Hedzino ngano nhatu dzinoramba dzichisanyorwa:

  • Mhando: Kana ndikafuratira muunganidzi, vachaenda. Chaizvoizvo, kufuratira muteresi wechikwereti kunogona kutungamirira kurutongeso rwaapose. Muitiro wakafanira unoda kuti upindure, kwete kuvanda. Kunyarara kunowanzorangarirwa sokubvuma.
  • Mhando: Handigoni kupesana nechikwereti kana ndatobhadhara. Kubhadhara ganhuriro kunogona kutangazve mutemo weganhuriro mune dzimwe nyika, asi hakudzivisi kodzero yako kupokanidza kuva kwechikwereti. Unogona kukumbirazve kuva nembiriso.
  • Myth: Vaunganidzi vechikwereti vose vakaenzana, uye muitiro wakafanira unongova muitiro. Kutaura idi, mutemo unosianisa pakati pavakwereti vapakuvamba (avo vangasafukidzwa neFDCPA mune dzimwe nyika) navaunganidzi vechitatu. Muitiro wezvitadzo unosiana, asi mutengi ari wose ane maruramiro okunzwika mudare rutongeso rusati rwapinda.

Kutarisira Nenguva Yemberi Kwegadziriro Yakafanira Mukuunganidza Zvikwereti

Nzvimbo inodzorwa inopfuurira kuva yakachinja. Muna 2021, CFPB yakabudisa mutemo wokupedzisira pasi peFDCPA unojekesa zvinodikanwa zvokuzivisa nokuda kwechikwereti chakachengetwa kwenguva uye unoda vaunganidzi kugovera udzame hwakajeka hwechikwereti. Uyu mutemo unosimbisa muitiro wakafanira kupfurikidza nokuvimbisa kuti mutengi aiwana sei chaizvoizvo uye kana zvichiri kuchengetwa.

Masangano ehurumende anoshingairawo. Mitemo inoverengeka yakapfuudza mitemo inoganhurira mwero womubereko unogona kushandiswa kurutongeso, inoganhurira chiverengero chemari inoripirwa, uye inoda kuti vaunganidzi vagovere zviziviso zvakajeka, zvomutauro wakajeka. Idzi nhamburiko dzinoratidzira kuziva kukura kuti muitiro wakafanira hausati uri murangariro wakasiana wakasiana nedenho itsva dzakadai sekurukurirano yemitauro, kurira kwemitengo, uye kukura kwechikwereti zvinotengeswa kuvatengi vetatu vetatu.

Mugumisiro: Basa Risingarambiki Rokufambira Mberi Kwakakodzera

Gadziriro isati iri bedzi gadziriro yapamutemo; iko ihwaro hweruramisiro mukuunganidzwa kwechikwereti. Inovimbisa kuti vatengi vanobatwa savanhu vane maruramiro, kwete senhamba papepa redzikamo. Kupfurikidza nokuda ziviso, uchokwadi, uye banza rokunzwa, muitiro wakafanira unodzivisa simba pakushandisa vakaneta uye kuchengeta chivimbo mugadziriro yemari. Vatengi vanonzwisisa idzi vanogona kuronda chikwereti nechivimbo, uye vatengi vanovaremekedza vasingadzivisi bedzi matare asi vanovaka mukurumbira nokuda kwokururamisira uko kunobetsera munhu ari wose.

Kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pamaruramiro ako chaiwo, shanyira Fateral Trade Commission’s FDCPA peji kana kuti Conssumer Financial Protection Bureaution yechikwereti chemari yemari yezvipo[. Pamitemo yehurumende, bvunza hofisi yehurumende yegweta. Yeuka: Muitiro wakafanira ndiwo rudyi rwako, (8) unoita kuti huremekedzwe.