Nzira Inobva Pakunyunyuta Kuenda Kuchisarudzo

Gadziriro yemitemo inogovera gadziriro yakarongeka yokupedza rwisano, kudzivirira maruramiro, uye kuchengeta nhevedzano munzanga. Nyaya yacho ingabatanidza kuputswa kwebvumirano, kuvadziko yomunhu oga, nhau yemhuri, kana kuti mhaka youtsotsi, rwendo kubva kunyunyuto yokutanga kuenda kuchisarudzo chokupedzisira runotevera nhevedzano yakasanorondedzerwa. Kunzwisisa nhevedzo imwe neimwe (kubva mukuwanwa, kutongwa, uye kugona kuita zvisarudzo zvokuziva, uye kugona kuita zviito zvose zvamanyumwiro, uye kubatira nomutoo unobudirira nomuitiro wapamutemo. Iyi nhungamiro inoputsa zvikamu zvikuru zvenhau dzougandangamire (kurangarira nheyo dzakawanda dzinoshanda kukuitwa kwoutsotsi saizvoizvo), ichipa nzwisiso inoshanda nokuda kwavadzidzi, vadzidzi, vadzidzi, vadzidzisi, uye munhu upi noupi anofambisa matare.

Mavambo Egadziriro Yepamutemo

Gadziriro yapamutemo iri pamisengwa mitatu: matare anodudzira nokushandisa mutemo, magweta anotsigira mapoka, uye masangano anochengeta mutemo anovimbisa kuwirirana nemirairo yedare ndokuchengeta nhevedzano yavose. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinoshanda mukati memitemo yetsika nemitemo yetsika neyakadai seFederal Rules of Civil Procedure muUnited States.

  • : Venues apo kakavadzano dzapamutemo dzinopikiswa. MuU.S., gadziriro inobatanidza matare okutonga (matare oruwa kana kuti matare makuru ehurumende), matare apakati, uye Dare rapamusoro. Dare rimwe nerimwe rine chiremera (mutoo wehurumende v. muv.) uye chiremera chomunhu oga pamapati.
  • Attoney:[ nyanzvi dzerezenisi dzinomirira vatengi, dzinopa zano rapamutemo, uye dzinogadzirira magwaro ari madikanwa. Vanofanira kunamatira kumirairo yetsika uye vanogona kupfavisa kurukurirano.
  • Kubvumiranisa matare: Masangano akadai semapurisa, madhipatimendi ehurumende, uye masangano ehurumende (FBI, Marshals) anodzika mirayiridzo yedare, anobatira muitiro, uye anonzvera mufambiro usiri wapamutemo.

Kupfuura idzi mhare, kumwe kuongorora (ADR) kushanda kwemashandiro echibvumirano (aDR) uye kuisa dzimwe nzira dzokugadzirisa kusawirirana kusiri kwegamuchidzanwa. matare akawanda zvino anoda kuti vanhu vaedze kuongorora ADR vasati vatongwa.

Chikamu 1: Kupedza Kunyunyuta

Rwendo rwacho runotanga nenzira yakarongwa apo mupurisa (munhu kana kuti sangano rinotsvaka nyaradzo) anoisa nyunyuto kudare rakafanira. Chinyunyuto igwaro rapamutemo rinotaura hwaro hwechokwadi hwekutaura kwacho, rinozivisa rondedzero yapamutemo (muchiregeredzo, kuregeredza, kuputsa chibvumirano, chikwereti chezvigadzirwa), uye rinokumbira mushonga wakananga wemari (hechipiri) kana kuti murayiro.

Kusarudza Dare Rakarurama

Asati anyora nyunyuto yacho, mutevedzeri anofanira kusarudza kuti idare ripi rine simba. Huru hudzo yedare hunonongedzera kuchiremera chedare chokunzwa rudzi rwakati rwenhau. Filing mudare rehurumende inoreva kuti maruramiro ekodzero ekodzero anogona kuenda kudare rehurumende; kurambana kwakawanda kunoenda kumatare ehurumende). Hurumende inoda kuti mukwidziridziridzi ave nesonganiro dzakaridzika dzakaringana nehurumende yeFum. Filing mudare rinogona kuguma nokurambwa, kunonotsa basa rose.

Kugumisa Kunyunyuta

Chinyunyuto chinobudirira chinofanira kubatanidza (1) kutaura kwakajeka kwamaidi anopa tsinhiro yacho, (2) donzo remitemo resununguro, (3) kudikanwa kworutongeso. Mwero wemashoko anodikanwa unosiyana kupfurikidza nehurumende; mamwe anoda “kukumbira” (mashoko mapfupi uye akajeka) apo vamwe vanoda“ kukumbira chaikoiko” (maidi chaiwo). Mienzaniso yezvinhu zvikuru:

  • Mazita epamativi ose nekero dzawo.
  • Mitsara inoratidza chimwe nechimwe chezvinenge zvichikonzera chiito.
  • Chikumbiro chaicho cheyamuro (sezvinei, $10,000 yendyiko dzokurapa).

Kana vangonyorwa, dare racho rinokwidza nyaya yacho kumunyori wedare, uye mari yesekisi inobhadharwa (vabhadhari vanobhadharwa inowanika pamapoka akaderera anotambirwa mari). ipapo dare racho rinopa madanho, ayo anopiwa mukwirirwi pamwe chete nekopi yekunyunyuta kwacho.

Chikamu 2: Zvakaitwa Nhevedzani

Pashure pebasa, mukwirirwi ane nguva yakaganhurirwa (sezviri chaizvoizvo 21-30 mudare romubatanidzwa) kunyora mhinduro. Kukundikana kupindura kunogona kutungamirira kurutongeso rwakakwana mukurwisana nomukwirirwi.

Kupindura Kwakasiyana - siyana

  • Mhinduro: Mhinduro inozivikanwa navose. Mukwirirwi anobvuma kana kuti anoramba pomero imwe neimwe uye angamutsa dziviriro dzokubvuma (mutoo., mutemo weganhuriro, kufungidzira kwengozi, kuregeredza kwokupa chitsama).
  • [[FLT: 0] Kudzinga: Mukwirirwi anotaura kuti kunyange kana kupomera kwose kwomupomerwi kuri kwechokwadi, mutemo haugoveri mushonga, kana kuti dare harina chiremera. Kufamba kunobudirira kunogumisa nhau yacho nokukurumidza.
  • [[FOL:0] qualimerclaim: Mukwiri angataura kuti ari wavo amene murwi anorwisana nomupoteri. Mupoteri anofanira ipapo kupindura murwi.

Kana mukwirirwi akatumira mhinduro, mhaka yacho inoenda kurutivi rwokuwana.

Chivako 3: Kuwana – Kuunganidza Uchapupu

Kuwana kazhinji kazhinji inhambo refu zvikurusa uye yakakomba zvikurusa yedanho. mativi ose ari maviri anotsinhana mashoko nezvinyorwa kuti afumure maidi, kuisa nhau dzacho panze, uye kuyera simba renzvimbo dzavo. Kuwanwa kwakafara: chinhu chipi nechipi chisina maruramiro akasiana chinowanwa kukutaura kana kuti dziviriro.

Zvishandiso Zvinozivikanwa Navose

  • Mibvunzo yakanyorwa inofanira kupindurwa pasi pemhiko. Zvikamu zvinogona kubvunza pamusoro pamaidi omugariro wapasi, kupupurira ufakazi, uye mirangariro yenyanzvi. Kazhinji kazhinji inoganhurirwa kumibvunzo 25 mudare rehurumende.
  • [[FT:0] Tsamba: Uchapupu hupenyu hunoiswa pamberi pomutori wenhau (uye kazhinji kazhinji anobudiswa vhidhiyo). VaAttorney vanobvunza zvapupu pasi pemhiko, uye marekodhi anogona kushandiswa pakutongwa nokuda kwokusateererwa kana kuti kana chapupu chisingawaniki.
  • Kukumbira nokuda kweChibereko: Kudikanwa kwezvinyorwa, mapikicha, maemail, kana kuti humwe ufakazi hunooneka. Kuwana kwemagetsi (eיpiandy) zvino rutivi rukuru rwemifungo, kunoda kuti mapato apedze metametameter nekurukurirano dzamagetsi.
  • [ Cropests for Act: mumwe munhu anokumbira mumwe kubvuma kana kuti kuramba maidi chaiwo. Kubvumira kunoganhurira nhau dzokutonga.

Kuwana kunofanira kuitwa pamwe chete. Dare rinopa zvirango zvokuparadza (kuparadzwa kwoufakazi) kana kuti kukundikana kupindura.

Chinotangira 4: Kufamba Kwapamberi Pezvikamu Nemisangano

Pamberi pokutonga, rimwe boka ringaronga kuronga kukwirira kwokutonga kana kuti kugumisa mhaka pasina rutongeso. Misangano yePreformal nemutongi inobetsera inodzokorora mutoo wacho.

Nhanho Huru Dzinotangira

  • [[FT:0]Motion for Fung Juncial Rutongeso: Agues kuti hakuna gakava rechokwadi reidi rezvinhu uye kuti boka rinotama rakafanirwa norutongeso senhau yomutemo. Kana rikabvumirwa, nhau inopedzwa pasina muedzo.
  • Motion muLimine: inotsvaka kubvisa ufakazi husingakoshi, rusaruro, kana kuti husinganzwisisiki pakududzwa pakutonga. Somuenzaniso, kubvisa ufakazi hwekupwiswa kana kuti chitsama chapamberi pekugoverwa.
  • [[FOLT:0] Motion ku Compel: yakafukidzwa apo mumwe munhu anotadza kupindura zvikumbiro zvekuwana. Dare rinogona kuraira kuzviisa pasi ndokuisa zvirango.
  • Commentaution for Sanctions: nokuda kwemiitiro yokuwana kwakashata kana kuti zvikumbiro zvoupenzi.

MISORO YApamberi Pezvikamu Zveroorano

Mutongi angaita musangano mumwe kana kuti yakawanda pamberi pedare kuti akurukure kariro dzokugadzikiswa, aise miganhu, uye amise mitemo yehwaro nokuda kwokutongwa. Muuyo [[FLT: 0] nhevedzano yenhau [ unodzora mufambiro wokutonga uye unodzivisa zvishamiso.

Chivako 5: Kutongwa

Kana mhaka yacho ikapukunyuka rutongeso rwechipfupi uye isingagadziriswi, inopfuurira kutongwa. Kutonga irwisano yapachena youfakazi nenharo pamberi pomutongi (kutongwa) kana kuti dare rinobetsera vatongi. Mutoro woufakazi nokuda kwemhosva zhinjisa dzehurumende ndi “kurangarira ufakazi” (zvingabvira zvikuru kupfuura zvisati). Mumhaka dzoutsotsi, mupimo wacho ndowo“ kusava nepanikiro ine mufungo.”

Zvikamu Zvokutonga

  • [[NURT: 0] Chisarudzo (Voir Dire):[[FT:1] Vatakuri vangabvunza kuti vatongi vangada kubvisa rusaruro. Varwi vanogona kurohwa nokuda kwechisakiso kana kuti kupfurikidza nedenho dzinodzivisika (nhamba yaganhurirwa).
  • Kutaura kwokuvhura: rutivi rumwe norumwe runoratidzira ufakazi hwazvinokarira kupa. Ihwohwu hahusati huri ufakazi humene asi mepu yedare rinobetsera vatongi.
  • Chinopiwa cheUfakazi: Mupomeri anotanga kuzivisa nhau yavo, achidana zvapupu nokusuma zviratidziro. Mukwirirwi anogona kuvhura
  • Kutaura: Rutivi rumwe norumwe runopeta ufakazi uye runotaura chikonzero nei vatongi vachifanira kutonga mufariro yavo. Mutongi ipapo anorairidza vatongi pamusoro pomutemo unoshanda (mirayiridzo yemirayiridzo).
  • Jurlibration neVertist: Vatongi vanosarudza muchivande vodzosa mutongo. Mukutonga kwebhenji, mutongi anotaura zviwanwa zveidi nemhedziso dzomutemo.

Mutongi anogona kurayira kuti pasava nemhosva, izvo zvinobatsira kuti pasava nezvikanganiso zvokukwikwidza.

Chikamu 6: Kufamba Kwomunguva Yapfuura uye Kukwirira

Kunzwisisa zvisarudzo izvi kunokosha nokuti zvikanganiso zvakawanda zvepamutemo zvinogona kugadziriswa kana paine kukwirira chete.

Kufamba Kwomunguva Yapfuura (Mudare Rokutonga)

  • Kusarudza Rutongeso seNhau yoMutemo (JMOL):[[[FL:1] Ague kuti vatongi vane mufungo vaisagona kugona kuva vakasvitsa chisarudzo chakavakirwa paufakazi hwakapiwa.
  • Commentation for New Triage: yakavakirwa pazvikanganiso zvapamutemo (mutoo, kubvumwa kusina kufanira kwoufakazi, kusazvibata kupfurikidza nezano) kana kuti kunyanyisa (kana kuti kusakwana) kunokuvadza mubairo.
  • [[[FT: 0] Kubatanidza kana kuti Kutonga kwakadzikwa: Zvikumbiro zvokuti dare rigadzirise rutongeso nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakati.

Kufadza Kwazvinoita

Kana kudzorwa kwenhau kwapashure pekutongwa kukarambwa, mubato unorashikirwa unogona kuisa chiziviso chekwidzo nedare rakafanira. Chikumbiro hachisi dare idzva; chinohwirudzura chinyorwa chokutonga nokuda kwezvikanganiso zvapamutemo. Mapati anopa zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa, uye pane dzimwe nguva nharo dzinonzwika. Dare reappellate rinogona kusimbisa, kudzokera shure, kana kuti kudzosera shure (kudzosa) mhaka nokuda kwokumwe kutongwa.

Mugadziriro yehurumende yeUnited States, vakwikwidzi vanogona kukwirira kuDare Rokukwirira reUnited States uye, kana vachiri vasingagutswi, vanokumbira Dare Rapamusorosanopfuura reUnited States nokuda kwechibvumirano checertiorari (inopiwa muinenge 1% bedzi yenhau).

Chinotangira 7: Chisarudzo Kupfurikidza Nokugara

Panguva ipi neipi murwendo rwapamutemo — kunyange pashure pokunge kukwidza kwaitwa — mapato angasarudza kugara. Kugara kunodzivisa nguva, ndyiko, uye kusava nechokwadi kwokutongwa nokukwirira. Inopfuura 95% yemhosva dzavagari vemo dzinopera dare risati ratongwa.

Kubatsira Kwokugara

  • COSPOIL:[ Mapati anochengeta mibhadharo yapamutemo inokosha uye anodzivisa ndyiko dzedare.
  • Nguva inoviga: Nzvimbo Dzinogara dzinogona kusvikwa mumavhiki kana kuti mwedzi, kwete makore.
  • Privtacy: Migariro inogona kuchengetwa yakavanzika; miedzo yavose.
  • Control: Parapati dzinoita chisarudzo chavo vamene, kazhinji kazhinji chinokurumidza kugadziriswa kupfuura murairo wedare (mutoo., mari yakarongeka, kukumbira ruregerero, misengwa).

Michina Yokugadzirisa

Kugara kunogona kuva nyore ne:

  • [[[FUNDO:0] Kutaurirana pakati pegweta.
  • [
  • Arbitation
  • [ Court̆annex commission umo mutongi kana kuti majistati anosunda chisarudzo.

Kana vangosvika pakugadzikisana, vanhu vacho vanoita chibvumirano chokugara nhaka vachisunungura mupomerwi pane zvimwe zvinhu.

Kungwarira Chaiko Kunoitwa Norudzi Rwomunhu

Nepo muitiro wokupa magetsi uchiita maererano nezvikamu zvataurwa pamusoro apa, dzimwe nzvimbo dzomutemo dzine kuvhiringidzika kwetsika kunoshamisa:

  • [[FLT: 0] Mutemo Wemhuri:[[FLT: 1] unobatanidza kuyananiswa kuri madikanwa nokuda kwenhau dzekodzero yokuchengeta mwana, uye matare kazhinji kazhinji ane “bvumirano” pamberi pokupa chatanuro.
  • Mhindi dzemunhu oga: Kuwana kungabatanidza zvikuru marekodhi ezvokurapa nechipupuriro chenyanzvi pamusoro pekuvadziko. Mitemo yeganhuriro inodzorwa.
  • [[FOLT: 0] Contract Displations: kazhinji kazhinji inobatanidza chikumbiro chokutonga dare redare, uye kunyunyuta kunofanira kubatanidza chibvumirano.
  • [[[FOL:0] Rusaruro: Nhau dzakawanda dzinoda pomero yehurumende (kuna EOC) pamberi pokukwirira mudare.

Mazano Anoshanda Pakushandisa Gadziriro Yezvinhu

Nokuda kwavadzidzi navadzidzisi vari kufunda muitiro wapamutemo () uye nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anobatanidzwa somunhu oga — kurangarira izvi zvikarakadzo kunogona kuderedza rwendo rwacho:

  • [[FT:0] Chinyorwa Chiri Chose: Chengeta makopi ezvikumbiro zvose, nyorerana, uye ufakazi. Shandisa nguva yokuverenga nguva kutsanangurwa.
  • Kubvunza pamusoro pemitsetse yakafa: Misi yenhambo dzinopindwa dzinogona kureva kudzingwa kana kuti kuparadzwa. Nguva dzose simbisa misi yokunyora namakabharani wedare.
  • [ Funga ADR pakuvamba: matare mazhinji anozvida, uye anogona kuchengetedza mari kunyange kana isingapedzi nhau yacho chose chose.
  • [[FT:0] Kubatanidzwa Neattorney Yako: Ukama hwegweta hunoshanda zvakanakisisa apo mutengi anoziviswa uye anobatanidzwa.
  • [[[FT:0] Gadzirira kunonoka:[[FT:1] Dare rakanamirwa uye kutadza kuwana zvinowanzoparira kunonoka. Shiviriro inokosha.

mhedziso

Rwendo rwokunyunyuta kuenda kurusarudzo haruwanzova chinhu chakarurama. Rwunochinja kupfurikidza nokunyora, mhinduro, kuwana, kutora zvinhu, kuedzwa, uye sezvinobvira kufadza. kana kuti danho rimwe nerimwe ringada kufungwa noudzame, zivo yemitemo, uye kufunga zvakanaka. Vadzidzi, vanodzidza izvi zvikamu zvinopa nheyo chaiyo yokunzwisisa kuti mutemo unoshanda sei. Mapati anobatanidzwa mukutsanangura, kurovedzana negadziriro yacho kunoderedza funganyo uye kunokubatsira kushanda zvakanaka neboka rako repamutemo. Kana mugumisiro wacho uri mutongo wedare rinovakira mariro, kana kuti mufungo mukuru, gadziriro yemitemo pakupedzisira inogovera gadziriro yeruramisiro.

Kuti uongororezve nyaya dzakakurukurwa, bvunza zvinhu izvi zvinozivikanwa:

  • [ U.S. : Marudzi enhau
  • [[[Nto:0] Cornell Legal Information Institute – Chivil Procedie
  • [[[NUMBO:0]American Bar Association – Law Frieds
  • [[FFLT:0] Nolo: Kurangarira kwechimurenga kwechimurenga chenyika [[FT:1]