Simba rutivi rukuru rwenzanga yavanhu, rinoumba ukama, kudzora, uye simba renzanga. Kunzwisisa uyo ane simba uye chikonzero nei richikosha kuvadzidzi navadzidzisi zvakafanana. Simba rinopesvedzera chinhu chiri chose kubva mumitemo yatinotevera kusvikira kutsika yatinotora, kuchikuita chinhu chinoda kunzvera kuti nzanga dzishande sei nokushanduka. Nyaya inonzvera mugariro wesimba, ratidziro dzaro dzenhau nedzenguva ino, uye nei kunzwisiswa kwamasimba kuri chinhu chikuru kuvagari vemo vanoziva uye ruramisiro yenzanga.

Kurondedzera Simba Munzanga

Simba rinogona kurondedzerwa semano okupesvedzera kana kuti kudzora mufambiro wavanhu namasangano, kunyange mukurwisana nechido chavo. wezvemagariro avanhu Max Weber akarondedzera simba se "bviro yokuti munhu ari muukama hwenzanga achava ari mumugariro wokuita kuda kwake amene pasinei zvapo nokudzivisa. ” Zvisinei, simba harisati riri rinowirirana nguva dzose; rinogonawo kuva rinonyengetedza, rinobudirira, kana kuti rinovaka. Kunzwisisa zvimiro zvaro zvakasiyana - siyana inhano yokutanga mukuziva kuti rinoshanda sei muupenyu hwezuva riri rose.

Simba rinooneka mumitaro mizhinji:

  • Simba reProlitical: chiremera chinoitwa nehurumende, vatungamiriri vezvamatongerwe enyika, uye masangano ehurumende kuti aite ndokuita kuti mitemo iteererwe, kugovera zviwanikwa, uye kuteerera murairo.
  • Simba rezvemari: dzora pfuma yemari, kugadzirwa, uye kuparadzirwa kwezvinhu nepfuma. Masangano navanhu vakapfuma vanoshandisa simba remari rinokosha rinoumba misika nemitemo.
  • Simba reSacricial[: pesvedzero yakavakirwa panzvimbo yenzanga, masocial, uye ukama. Izvi zvinosanganisira mukurumbira, batano, uye mano okuunganidza mapoka.
  • Simba reCult: Ungwaru hwokuumba zvitendero, mipimo, uye tsika kupfurikidza nezvinobudisa nhau, dzidzo, rudzidziso, uye unyanzvi. Simba retsika rinoraira chinorangarirwa se "zvakarovedzeka" kana kuti "zvinofadza" munzanga.
  • Chiremera cheProper: Shoko rakatangwa naJoseph Nya, richinongedzera kukukwanisa kukwezva nokumanikidza panzvimbo pokumanikidza, kushandisa tsika, mirangariro yezvamatongerwe enyika, uye miitiro yapamutemo kupesvedzera vamwe.

Munhu akapfuma angashandisa simba rezvemari kuti awane simba rezvematongerwe enyika, nepo sangano rinobudisa nhau richiita kuti tsika uye mari zvive nesimba rokuumba hurukuro yavose.

Uzivi Hwesimba

Chipfuramapukanana

Masayendisiti ezvamatongerwe enyika akarangarira kwenguva refu kuti ndiani ane simba muhurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu. Vatsigiri vezvorudzidziso vanotaura kuti simba rinoparadzirwa pakati pamapoka akawanda anokwikwidzana evashandi, masangano ebhizimisi, mapoka emhoteredzo, uye vagari vemo (achirangarira kuti hakuna sangano rimwe rinodzora.Mumurangariro uyu, hurumende inoshanda somumiriri wezvokutengeserana. Mukupesana, vazivi vezvorudzidziso vakakwirira vakafanana naC. Wright Mills nenyanzvi dzenzanga G. William Domhoff anokwikwidza kuti simba rinogara neboka duku rinotonga ravakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende, vakuru vakuru vehondo, uye vezvamatongerwe enyika. Basa ravo rinosimbisa sei kuti zvemari nezvamatongerwe enyika zvinobatira fariro dzavapfumizvipfumi vashoma.

Kurangarira Simba KwamaFucaucault

Michel Foucault akashandura fundo yesimba kupfurikidza nokutaura kuti haisati ichingova zvayo yakakwirira kana kuti inodzvinyirira, asi inoparadzira neinobereka. Mukuwirirana naFoucault, simba rinoshanda kupfurikidza namasangano emagariro enzanga(nzimbe, zvipatara, majeri) kupfurikidza nokuranga mitumbi nokuumba zivo. Simba rinosimbiswa mumiitiro yezuva riri rose nehurukuro, kuchiita kuti kuve kwakaoma kuwana mumunhu mumwe kana kuti boka.

Nhoroondo Yesimba

Kunzwisisa simba renhau kunobatsira kunzwisisa nhau dzemazuva ano dzakadai sedzinoumba urudzi, kusawirirana mune zveupfumi, uye kusabatana mune zvematongerwo enyika.

Marudzi Ekare Nekodzero yaMwari

Mumasangano ekare, simba raiwanzobatanidzwa nekodzero youmwari. Madzimambo namahosi akatonga nechiremera chakakwana, vakaruramiswa nezvitendero zvorudzidziso izvo zvakavaisa savamiriri vavamwari. Somuenzaniso, vaFarao veEgipita vairangarirwa savanamwari vapenyu, nepo madzimambo eChina aichengeta "zuva reDenga." Uku kubatanidzwa kwechiremera chezvamatongerwe enyika nechezvomudzimu kwakaita kuti kupesana kuve zvose zviri zviviri kupandukira hurumende netsvina, kuchidzivisa nenzira inobudirira denho kunhevedzano yokutonga.

Kuda Kurerwa Nesimba Rakaderedzwa

Madzishe aidzora nyika nezviwanikwa uye aitofanira kutsigira kuvimbika kuna vanatenzi vakuru kana kuti korona. Vagari vemo navarimi vaiva nesimba duku, vakasungwa kunyika uye vakazviisa pasi pezvido zvamadzishe avo. Iyi tsika yakapfuurira kwamazana amakore, yakasimbiswa netsika nedzvinyiriro, isati yadenhwa nechinjo dzemari nemirangariro mitsva pamusoro pekodzero dzavanhu.

Kutanga Kwoubati Ushe Hwehurumende Hunosarudzwa Nahwo Norudzi

Kutangwa kwegadziriro dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu kwakabvisa simba kubva kumamirire echiito kuenda kuvanhu, munenge munheyo. Magna Carta (1215), Bill of Rights yechiNgezi (1689), American Declaration of Independence (1776), uye Chinjo yeFrance yose ikatanhamara mukutamisirwa kwapashoma napashoma kwouchangamire kumadzimambo kuvagari vemo. Simba rehurumende dzazvino uno rakarongwa kupfurikidza namabumbiro emitemo, sarudzo, uye kuparadzaniswa kwamasimba, kunyange zvazvo kuparadzirwa chaikoiko kwepesvedzero yezvamatongerwe enyika kwakaramba kusina kuenzana zvikuru neboka, dzinza, uye mitsetse yevatano.

Kutonga Kwenyika Yose Nesimba Renyika Yose Zvinodzikama

Nyika dzeEurope, kubvira muzana ramakore rechi15 kusvikira kune rechi20, dzakaisa simba guru mupasi rose. Masimba edzoro anoshandisa zviwanikwa namabasa, akaputsa zvivako zvoutongi hwemo, ndokuisa tsika dzawo norudzidziso. Iyi nhaka inopfuurira kuumba ukama hwesimba renyika, kutsamira papfuma, uye zviremera zvetsika muyaichimbova nyika. Kunzwisisa masimba ehurumende ino kunodenha kunzvera nhau dzazvino uno dzakadai sechimuchimurenga chenyika nekusaenzana kwenyika yose.

Ndiani Ane Simba Nhasi?

Kunyange zvazvo pfungwa dzehurumende dzinosarudzwa nevanhu dzichivimbisa kuti pakupedzisira simba rinogara nevanhu, maererano nezvarinoita rinowanzoiswa pamasangano ane simba uye vanhu vakakwirira.

Hurumende Nevanhu Vezvamatongerwe Enyika

Vakuru vakuru vakagadzwa, vatongi vakagadzwa vanoshandisa simba rehurumende kupfurikidza nemitemo, mirau, uye kudzika pamutemo. Zvisinei, simba rezvamatongerwe enyika harina kuparadzirwa zvakatowanda. Vapi vane pfuma, vagamuchiri, uye mapoka ezvisarudzo vanopa pesvedzero yakasiana----chinja pamiuyo yemibato kupfurikidza nemipiro yenhimbe nokurovha yapaimba. Fundo dzakaitwa nenyanzvi yePrinceton Martin Gilens navamwe dzinoratidza kuti vakuru vakuru vezve vemari nefariro dzebhizimisi zvine pesvedzero huru zvikuru pamuitiro weU.S.

Mapoka Nesimba Roupfumi

Masangano makuru amarudzi akawanda ane simba guru rezvemari, achipesvedzera chinhu chiri chose kubva kubasa kusvikira kumiitiro yemitero yemhoteredzo. Mutengo wenyika yose wemakambani akadai se Walmart, Amazon[, uye [[FLT] Exbobil] Exbobil [ inopfuura GDP yamarudzi akawanda. Kupfurikidza nokugamuchira, kutsigira mari, uye kuronga ukama hwapachena, masangano anoumba zvirongwa zvezvamatongerwe enyika munyashavo dzawo. Chiitwa cha "FLT] bhizimisi rekushandira bhizimisi revoruzhinji.

Vacheri Vezvinobudisa Mashoko Nemashoko

Zviteshi zvamapepanhau zvamagamuchidzanwa, zviteshi zvemasangano enzanga, uye makambani makuru ezvoruzivo rwokushanda kwemasangano anodzora kufambiswa kwamashoko nokuumba hurukuro dzavose. Zvisarudzo zvenhau pamusoro pezvingafukidzwa uye kuti ungapesvedzera sei nhau dzezvamatongerwe enyika uye pfungwa dzavose. Kuiswa kwezvokubudisa nhau (muenzaniso), kudzora kwamakambani akadai [[FLT:] , [[FLT] na[FLT:][FLT], [[FLT:]] na[FLT]

Makambani Nemadhiragi Anokonzera Simba

Simba rinogarawo navanhuwo zvavo vanoronga pamwe chete kuraira chinjo. Masangano enzanga akafanana ne Mazita Oupenyu Huri Mbengo, Me Too, [[[FLT]]] Kudzosa [[FLT]] Kurova[[[FLT:], uye [[FLT] masangano [[FLT]]] masangano [[FLT]] anoratidzira kuti kunyange pasina chiremera chapamutemo, vagari vemo vanogona kudenha zvivako zvesimba rakadzika midziro. Kupfurikidza nokukurudzira dzvinyiriro yavose, kushora, uye kusateerera kwevagari vemo, aya masangano akawana chinjo emitemo, masangano ebhizimisi, uye kugadziriswa kwetsika. Kubudirira kwavo kunotsamira pakushandiswa kwemasangano ezvinobudisa nhau neboka.

Simba Nokusaenzana

Simba rinoiswa mumaoko rinoita kuti pave nokuwedzera kusaenzana. Vane simba vanogona kuumba mitemo netsika dzenzanga kuti vadzivirire zvakanakira ivo, zvichiita kuti zviomere mapoka akaderera kuti awane simba. Izvi zvinoparira kudavira: simba rinotsiva simba rakawanda, nepo kutamburira kusina simba kuwana zvinhu, kumiririra, uye kuremekedza. Kunzwisisa simba nokudaro kunokosha mukugadzirisa kusaruramisira kwegadziriro dzetsika dzakadai sourudzi, unzenza, uye kudzvinyirira kwemari.

Somuenzaniso, mukaha wepfuma muUnited States haugoni kutsanangurwa zvizere pasina kunzvera kusadzikama kwesimba renhau (kukweretesa, kukweretesa, uye kutsigira dzidzo kusina kuenzana. Nenzira yakafanana, kusaenzana kwetsika kunoramba kuripo nemhaka yetsika nezvivako zvesangano izvo zvinotadzisa vakadzi navanhu vasiri vadzori mumabasa outungamiriri, kuripira, uye kuisa maruramiro edzidzo. Simba rinozivisa kuti idzi ganhuriro hadzisi dzomusikirwo kana kuti dzisingadzivisiki asi muuyo wemiitiro yamaumbirwe namagariro.

Kukosha Kwokunzwisisa Simba Rine Simba

Kuziva ane simba uye kuti rinoshandiswa sei kunokosha nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka:

  • , Kuziva Hurumende [[FLT: 1]: Kunzwisisa zvivako zvesimba kunogonesa vanhu kutora rutivi nenzira ine revo mumiitiro yedemocracy. Mavoter anogona kuyera zviri nani kutaura kwevanoda kusangana ndokuziva apo kuvhara kwemashoko kunoisa fariro dzakakwirira.
  • Chiratidzo chapamutemo: Kuziva kusadzikama kwesimba kunogona kuparira kusadzora nzanga dzine miganhu yakachekeswa. Kunobetsera vanorwira kuziva makwara okushandisa uye gadziriro dzinobudirira dzechinjo.
  • Kufunga kwokufungidzira: Kunzvera masimba kunokurudzira unyanzvi hwokufunga kwokutsoropodza uye kukurudzira kubvunza chiremera. Kunodenha fungidziro yokuti gadziriro dziripo ndedzomuzvarirwo kana kuti dzakarurama.
  • Insight: Kudzidza pamusoro perwisano dzesimba dzakapfuura kunobetsera kuronga zvinoitika zvazvino uno. Mitoo mimwe cheteyo yesimba nokudzivisa inodzokazve mumazana amakore, kuchipa zvidzidzo zvanhasi.
  • Izvo Zvine Simba Rawo [[FLT: 1]: Kunzwisisa kuti simba rinoshanda sei kunogona kubatsira sei vanhu kuti vaende kumasangano, kutaurirana migumisiro iri nani, uye kushandisa sangano ravo vamene muupenyu hwenyanzvi nehwehurumende.

Gadziriro dzedzidzo, zvikurukuru, dzine mutoro wokudzidzisa pamusoro pesimba. Vadzidzi vanopedza kudzidza vasinganzwisisi kuti masimba ezvamatongerwe enyika, ezvemari, uye etsika anoumba sei upenyu hwavo vakashongedzerwa zvisina kushongedzerwa kuti vashande savagari vemo vakapikirwa. Curcula inobatanidza fundo yesimba, kusaenzana, uye masangano enzanga anogadzirira vadzidzi kunzvera nyika nokusangwarira uye kutsigira ruramisiro.

Kuongorora Simba

Boka Rekodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Chivil Rights Movement in the United States muenzaniso mukuru wemiitiro yezviito zvinodenha simba regadziriro. Vatungamiriri vakafanana na Maritin Luther King Jr. uye masangano akafanana na [[FLT:]]] Njoka yeNortive Coridabitition Commodition Commodentition (SSNC)[[FLT]] nzanga dzakabatanidzwa kukumbira kodzero dzakafanana nerwurudzi. Kupfurikidza namukomana, kugarovha, denho, uye pamutemo, sangano rakaratidzira simba rehurumende yehurumende yehurumende nemubatanidzwa wehurumende inomanikidzirwa. Kuiswa kwe [FLD] , kubatira kwamarudzi [FOct:5] Actives of Suctic Act [56] uye .[56] Sakuedza kudzorwa kwesimba rezvamatongerwe enyika zvapasitiko, sezvo kupfuurira kurwisa kubatira simba revo.

Zvidzidzo zvinokosha panyaya iyi zvinosanganisira kukosha kwechivako chinenge chakabatana, kushandiswa kwezviito zvisina masimba masimba zvakananga kuti vazivise utsinye hwokudzvinyirira, uye basa rokubudisa nhau mukunyengetedza pfungwa dzevanhu.

Chitsuwa cheArabia

Arabian Spring yakaratidzira simba rezvinobudisa nhau zvenzanga nekuita chiito chepwere mukudenha hurumende dzinodzvinyirira muMiddle East. Kuvamba muTunisia muna 2010 nokupararira kuEgipita, Libya, Syria, uye kupfuura, mamirioni avagari vemo akapinda mumigwagwa achiraira rusununguko rwezvamatongerwe enyika, mukana wemari, uye mugumo wouori. Platforms se book yehafureyi uye aiita basa rinokosha mukuronga kutsutsutsumwa, kuparadzira mashoko, uye kukweva ngwariro yamarudzi ose.

Nepo miuyo yakasiana - siana() kutungamirira kukuchinja kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu mune dzimwe nyika uye hondo dzavagari vemo dzoutsinye mune dzimwe nzvimbo — Spring yeArab yakazununguka yakagadzwa ndokuratidzira kuti kunyange vaongorori vane simba vanotapurwa negadziriro dzakakurumbira. Kwakasimbisawo ganhuriro dzegadziriro dzesangano renyika netsigiro dzamarudzi ose, kuunganidza kunogona kudziviswa kana kuti kuiswa mubatanidzwa. Arabia Spring inoramba iri ngano yenyevero pamusoro pekuoma kwesimba nokudikanwa kwemasangano akasimba kuti zvidzivirire masangano ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Simba Rokushanda Kwemabhakitiriya Nekudzora Kunze

Makambani epeturu anopa nzvero yenguva ino yezvokuchinja kwesimba rebhizimisi kukukuvadzwa kwezvakanaka zvavanhu vose. Kwamakumi amakore, Exxonmobil[ nemamwe makambani eoiri akatsigira nhimbe dzokuramba mamiriro okunze, dzakapesana nemitemo, uye dzakapesvedzera vezvematongerwe enyika kudzivisa chiito chine revo pakudziya kwenyika. Simba ravo rezvemari rakavabvumira kudzora zvamatongerwe enyika, pasinei zvapo nokubvumirana kukuru kwesayenzi pamusoro pechinjo yemamiriro okunze.

Zvisinei, kukura kwesangano reruramisiro yemamiriro okunze kwakavamba kuderedza dzikamo. Vashandisi vemitemo vakashandisa nhimbe dzokuderedza mamiriro okunze, zvisarudzo zvevaridzi, uye kubvumira kusangano rinodzvinyirira nehurumende. Paris Active[ (2020) uye kutsigirwa kwavose kwesimba rinomutsidzirwa kunoratidza kuti simba guru rinogona kudenhwa nedzvinyiriro youswa inopfuurira, kunyange zvazvo fambiro mberi inoramba ichiderera uye isingawirirani.

Kupedzisa: Kurwira Simba Kunopfuurira

Simba munzanga murangariro wakaoma kunzwisisa uye unochinja. Harisi rinorwisana nguva dzose asi rinokwikwidzwa nokubviswa. Kupfurikidza nokufunda uyo ane simba nerevo dzesimba iroro, vanhu vamwe navamwe vanogona kuva vagari vemo vakazvipinza zvikuru uye vanoziva, vachitsigira nzanga inowirirana zvikuru. Simba rinogona kushandiswa nokuda kworusununguko kana kuti dzvinyiriro, nokuda kwokuvaka masangano akarurama kana kuti ropafadzo inonyandura. Basa ravadzidzi, vadzidzi, uye vatsigiri kunzwisiswa kwebasa raro uye kutsigira nokushingaira kuparadzirwa kwayo.

Kungava kupfurikidza nokuvhota, kuronga, kutaura, kana kuti kudzidzisa vamwe, mumwe nomumwe wedu ane simba rokupesvedzera zvivako zvinodzora upenyu hwedu.