Tsika Nemitemo Zvisina Kunyorwa Zvakapoteredza Mutungamiriri Wehurumende

Mhiko yapurezidhendi yehofisi inomira senguva imwe yakarairwa nebumbiro remitemo zvikurusa mukuchinja simba kwechiuru cheAmerica. Idzodzodzo pfupi, mashoko akakomba, anongova makumi matatu namashanu muChikamu II, Chikamu 1. Asi mhemberero yakaipoteredza yakura kuva rondedzero huru yegamuchidzanwa, yemifananidzo, uye mitemo isina kunyorwa. Iyi tsika, isingatongopiwi mumutemo, inotakura uremu hukuru, inosimbisa kukwira kwehofisi ndokubatanidza utarisiri hutsva humwe nohumwe kuvakuru bayo. Nyaya inonzvera midzi yenhau, mipimo yapakuvamba isati yanyorwa, mipimo inocherekedzwa, uye inotsungirira mipimo, inopa chitarisiko chikurusainoita kuti kupika munhambo huru kupfuura kudarika mutemo.

Chikonzero Nei Tsika Dzisina Kunyorwa Dzichinetsa Kupfuura Mitemo Yakanyorwa

Kunyange zvazvo Bumbiro reMitemo richiraira mashoko chaiwoiwo emhiko yacho, rinosiya udzame huri hwose hwemutambo wokushandisa, muenzaniso, uye chisarudzo chapurezidhendi. Mumazana maviri amakore, tsika dzakatevedzana (dzimwe dzakachengetwa munyika yose, dzimwe dzakachinjika nenzira yamanomano. Tsika idzi dzisina kunyorwa dzinobatira madonzo akawanda: dzinoratidzira kupfuurira, dzinosimudzira chinzwano chorudzi, dzinosimbisa kutama kworugare kwesimba, uye dzinobatanidza chinoitika nepfungwa yetsika tsvene. Pasina iwo, mhiko yaizova chiito chokudzora; nadzo, dzinova chiratidzo chipenyu chehurumende yedemocracy yeAmerica.

Mavambo Enhau Enzvimbo YaPurezidhendi

Mavambo emhiko youpurezidhendi ari mugadziriro yebumbiro remitemo yakatangwa pa1787 Cource yePhiladelphia. Vavambi, vanotya simba ravakuru vakuru, kunyange zvakadaro vaida vimbiso yavose yokuvimbika kuBumbiro reMitemo. Mashoko chaiwoiwo (__"Ini ndinopika zvakakomba (kana kuti ndinosimbisa) kuti ndichaita Hofisi yaPurezidhendi weUnited States nokutendeka kwakanakisisa, uye ndichachengeta, kudzivirira nokudzivirira Bumbiro reMitemo reUnited States")

Kudzikama kwaGeorge Washington: Nhamba Yokutanga

Pana April 30, 1789, George Washington akaita mhiko pavharanda reFederal Hall muNew York City, panguva iyeyo dzimbahwe. Muchiito chaizova imwe yetsika dzisingasanyorwa zvikurusa, akaisa ruoko rwake paBhaibheri (_nomufungo, Bhaibheri raKing James rakarendwa kuSt. John’s Masonic Lodge No. 1. Pashure pokudzokorora mhiko yakaitwa naChancellar Robert R. Livingston, Washington akawedzera chitsama chemashoko chokuti "Sondibetserai Mwari," icho, kunyange zvazvo chisiri murugwaro rwamabumbiro remitemo, chakadzokororwa napurezidhendi ari wose akatevera. Vanyori venhau vanoti Washington vakataura mashoko iwayo zvomenemene, asi gamuchidzanwa zvino chakasimbiswa zvikuru mumutambo wacho.

Washington akagadzawo mimwe mienzaniso miviri inokosha: hurukuro yokutanga uye rudzi rwapachena rwechinoitika chacho. Kutaura kwake kwakasimbisa tsika yokuonesa chiono nezvinokosha nokuda kwegadziriro inouya. Boka guru, rine mbavarira muNew York rakasimbisa kuti mhiko yacho yakanga isiri chibvumirano chapachivande asi sungano yavose navagari vemo.

Kushanduka - shanduka Kubva Pamashoko Akanyorwa Kuenda Kutsika Dzinoraramisa

Muzana ramakore rakatevera, mibatanidzwa yokuwedzera yetsika yakaunganidzwa. Thomas Jefferson akaputsa mutemo kupfurikidza nokufamba kuenda kutsauriro yake panzvimbo pokutasva tarava, chiratidzo chokupfava kweparabhuriki muna 1801. Mhiko yokutanga panze pamasitepisi eCapitol yakaitika nokutsaurirwa kwaAndre Jackson kwa1829, achikweva boka guru ravagari vemowo zvavo .Nguva yairatidzira mirangariro yedenderedzwa redefabheti yenguva yacho. Pakasvika zana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, chiitiko chacho chakanga chava chirevo kutepfekerwa kukuru kwenhau dzorudzi, asi mitemo yakanyorwa yakaramba iri isingachinjiki zvinoshamisa.

Tsika Nemitemo Zvisina Kunyorwa

Zvikamu zvinotevera zvinoputsa tsika huru dzisina kunyorwa dzakapoteredza mhiko yapurezidhendi, kubva pakusarudzwa kwenzvimbo kusvikira kuzviratidzo zvidukusa mukati memutambo wacho.

Kusarudza Venue Yakarurama: Chiratidzo Chamatanho eCapitol

Bumbiro reMitemo harina kuraira kuti mhiko inofanira kuitwa kupi. Zvisinei, sezvo Andrew Jackson akagadzwa muna 1829, nzvimbo yetsika yave iri East Front yeUnited States Capitol. Nhano dzeCapitol dzinopa chiratidzo chine simba zvikuru: purezidhendi mutsva amire pamberi pomusha webazu rewirirano, achisimbisa kuparadzana kwemasimba uye mutemo. Matanho amene anomirira kunyorwa kwemashoko neanosvika panzvimbo yacho chaimo.

Zvisipo zvinongoratidza mutemo wacho. Pashure pokuurawa kwaPurezidhendi William McKinley muna 1901, Theodore Roosevelt akaita mhiko pamusha peshamwari muBuffalo, New York, chinhu chekurumidziro. Zvakatonyanya kushamisa, musi wa22 November, 1963, Lyndon B. Johnson akapikirwa mungarava yeAir Force One paLove Field muDallas. Nguva imwe chete iyo purezidhendi akaita mhiko yacho mukati mendege, yakakomberedzwa nekatyamadzo nenhamo. Asi apo Johnson akagadzwa nenzira yapamutemo muna January 1965, akadzokera kunhano dzeCapitol, achisimbisazve gamuchidzanwa.

Muna 2009, kutsaurirwa kwaBarack Obama kwakaita kuti vanhu vakawanda vanyorerwe murutivi nemhaka yokuti mutambo wacho wakaitwa paWest Front yeCapitol(a) yakanga yava mupimo pashure pokunge Ronald Reagan Reagan avhura muna 1981, iyo yakanga iri yokutanga kuitirwa West Front nokuda kwezviono zviri nani zvakatarisana neNational Mall. Nzvimbo yacho, kunyange zvazvo isina kurayirwa nomutemo, yakava tsika pashure paReagan, ichiratidza kuti tsika dzisina kunyorwa dzinogona sei kuvapo kwamakumi emakore.

Miitiro Yokutanga: Kugadza Tone

Mangwanani echitsikiso akazadzwa netsika dzetsika chose chose asi dzakanyanyonyorwa.

Basa Rechechi Rokusarura

Chifo chaFranklin Roosevelt, mapurezidhendi mazhinjisa akapinda munamato wechechi yamangwanani paInaugnostic Day(kazhinji kazhinji paChechi yeEpiscopal yaJohn, inozivikanwa se "Chechi yaMapiona," iri mhiri kweLafayette Square kubva kuImba yeWhite. Uyu muitiro, kunyange zvazvo usati uchidikanwa, unobatira kukumbira chikomborero choumwari pautariri hutsva uye unoita mutoo wokuzvininipisa.

Mufananidzo weWhite House naPurezidhendi Anofamba

Chifo chapakati pezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, kwazova mupimo kuti purezidhendi anouya aungane napurezidhendi anofamba navakwanyina vavo vakasiana nokuda kwepikicha yapachivande nekofi paWhite House pamberi pokukwira pamwe chete kuCapitol. Iyi tsika kutaura kune simba kwokuchinja kworugare, zvikurukuru kunokosha munguva dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Muna 2021, Purezidhendi Joe Biden naMutungamiriri wePrezidhendi Kamara Harris vakacherekedza iyi tsika kunyange saPrezidhendi akasununguka Donald Trump akaputsa negamuchidzanwa kupfurikidza nokusapinda mutambo wacho umene, kunyange zvazvo iye akatora rutivi munzvimbo yetsika yenzvimbo yeWhite House.

Nhano Dzokupedzisira dzaPurezidhendi Anoenda

Mumwe mutevedzeri usina kunyorwa: purezidhendi anofamba anowanzobva paCapitol pashure pokunge atangwa pasina denga, kazhinji kazhinji achishandisa herikoputa kana kuti mota, kuti abvumire purezidhendi mutsva kupedza chikuva chakazara. Mufananidzo womutungamiriri anoenda achivheyesa kubva kuMarine Mumwe chiyeuchidzo chinofadza chechimiro chipfupi chesimba.

Kuzvizivisa Kwacho Mumhiko

Chinoitika chacho chaidzorwa nemhedziso yacho — kutora — idzorwa nomubatanidzwa wetsika yebumbiro remitemo netsika dzakadzika.

Akapiwa Mutongi Mukuru

Nepo Bumbiro reMitemo risingatauri chirevo, purezidhendi ari wose chifo chaJohn Adams akaita mhiko kuMutongi Mukuru weUnited States (asipo paCalvin Coolidge, uyo akapikirwa maari nababa vake, ruramisiro yorugare, pashure porufu rwakamwe kamwe rwaWarren Hardyng; uye Lynndon Johnson, uyo akapikirwa mukuva mutongi wehurumende Sarah T. Hughes). Mutongi Mukuru anopika mhiko pachikuva chaCapitol, basa rinosimbisa nzvimbo yejaji muchengetedzero yemitemo.

Bhaibheri ne"Ndibetserei Mwari" Gamuchidzanwa

Kana kugona kushandisa Bhaibheri itsika. Mapurezidhendi akawanda angasarudza bhuku ripi neripi(kana kuti ripi) kana kuti kwete. Muna 1853, Franklin Pierce akaisa ruoko rwake pabhuku romutemo, achisimbisa kuzvipira kwake kuBumbiro remitemo. Theodore Roosevelt haana kushandisa bhuku rose muna 1901 (kunyange zvazvo akashandisa nhambo yake yechipiri). Mapurezidhendi mazhinjisa, zvisinei, akashandisa Bhaibheri, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji iro rine revo yomunhu oga kana kuti renhau. Donald Trump muna 2017 akashandisa Bhaibheri raLincoln uye Bhaibheri rouduku. Joe Biden akashandisa Bhaibheri raveri mumhuri yake chifo cha1893.

Chitsama chamashoko chinoti "Naizvozvo ndibetserei Mwari" hachidikanwi neBumbiro reMitemo, bva anodokusvika purezidhendi ari wose akaiwedzera pashure pemhiko. George Washington anotaurwa kuva akatanga muitiro wacho, uye wakadzokororwa navatsivi vazhinjisa. Chisiiwo bedzi chinocherekedzwa ndiTheodore Roosevelt, uyo akarega kutaura mashoko acho muna 1905, sezvinobvira nemhaka yokuti akanga atoita mhiko yacho pashure porufu rwaMcKinley. Muna 2021, Joe Biden akabatanidza "Sondibetserai Mwari" sezvo akaisa ruoko rwake paBhaibheri rake remhuri. Chitsamariro chamashoko chinoramba chiri nesimba, kana akatozoro, chokuzvidavirira kwomunhu oga.

Mutambo Wakanaka: Mira uye Zvivezwa

Tsika yamanomano asi inokosha itsika pashure pemashoko okuti "Ndinopika zvakakomba. Uku kumira kunobvumira purezidhendi kuratidza kuti vari kuisa pachena kuzvipira kwechibvumirano. Vamwe purezidhendi vakashandisa nguva yacho kutarira zvakananga kuboka kana kuti ruramisiro huru. Vamwe vakava nenyemwerero duku kana kuti kutaura kwakasimba. Uku kunyengera kuduku, kunyange kusina kunyorwa, kunonzverwa navanhu sezviratidzo zvechimiro chapurezidhendi.

Muitiro uyu, unozivikanwa mune dzimwe nyika dzine tsika dzakasimba dzechitendero, hausati wambova wetsika dzeAmerica.

Tsika Dzepashure: Kubva Pakutaura Kuenda Kumutambo

Nokukurumidza pashure pemhiko yacho, purezidhendi mutsva anopa hurukuro yokutanga (8) tsika iyo George Washington ari wose akatanga uye purezidhendi chifo chaapo akatevera, kunyange zvazvo kutaura kwokutanga kwokutanga kwaThomas Jefferson kwakanga kuri kupfupi zvikurusa pachinyorwa. Kero inokarirwa kuisa chiono chinobatanidza, kazhinji kazhinji kuchinyandura chinzwano chorudzi nedonzo rimwe chetero. Kutaura kwacho hakudiwi nomutemo, asi kwazova chinhu chikuru chokuti purezidhendi atange nhungamiro yeshoko ravo.

Chikara Chinokonzera Kuoma Kwepfungwa

Kufora kunotevera mutambo weCapitol ndiimwe tsika isati yanyorwa. Yakatanga sechinongoperekedzwa navanhu veNew York nokuda kwaPrezidhendi Washington. Pakasvika zana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, kwakava kufora kwakarongwa kwakarongwa muPennsylvania Avenue kubva kuCapitol kusvikira kuImba yeWhite. Kufora kunobatanidza zvikwata zvehondo, zvokufamba, mabhendi, uye vamiririri vanobva munyika iri yose. Mapurezidhendi anowanzofamba rutivi rwenzira, tsika yakavamba naThomasson Jefferson asi yakava yakanyanya kuzivikanwa zvikuru munhambo yeterevhizheni. Kufora kupemberera kwacho kupemberera kubatanidzwa kwavose uye rudaviko rwenyika.

Mabharaki Ane Chokuita Nezvinhu

Tsika yokutanga mabhora inovambira kumudzimai waJames Madison, Dolley, uyo akaisa bhora rokutanga rakagadzwa muna 1809. Nepo pasina chinodikanwa chapamutemo, bhora racho rakura kuva nhevedzano yemapati etsika yakapindwa napurezidhendi, mukadzi wokutanga, vashanyi veVP, uye zviuru zvavatsigiri. Tsika yacho inosimbisa pfungwa yokuchengeta nechinzwano chenzanga pashure pokuva nomurayiro wemhiko.

Zvisinei, havasi purezidhendi vose vakagamuchira gamuchidzanwa rebhora. Franklin Roosevelt akaita kugamuchirwa kuri nyore panzvimbo pezvo mukati mekuderera kukuru kwoupfumi, uye mukati menguva yehondo, mabhora aiwanzoiswa pasi kana kuti kubviswa. Kariro yazvino uno ndeyeinenge bhora rimwe rapamutemo, asi nhamba nenzvimbo zvinosiyana. Muna 2021, nemhaka yedamu nechengeteko reCHOVAD nenhau dzinotevera Capitol reRegand, Joe Biden akabata dete ye "Parade Nheve yeAmerica" uye hapana bhora regamuchidzanwa (a bhodhiyo) rakatanhamara netsika, rinoruramiswa nemigariro yechienzi.

Kusiyana - siyana uye Kusiya: Apo Tsika Yakaoma Kana Kuti Yakaputsika

Mumazana emakore apfuura, purezidhendi akaita kutsauka kwamaune kana kuti kuri madikanwa uko ivo vamene vanova rutivi rwechinyorwa chenhau.

Kusimbiswa Kusiri Kworudzidziso

Bumbiro reMitemo rinobvumira mhiko kuva "yasimbiswa" panzvimbo pokupika, gadziriro yakagadzirirwa avo vane zvirambidzo zvorudzidziso zvokupika. Purezidhendi Franklin Pierce naPrezidhendi Herbert Hover vose vakasarudza kusimbisa panzvimbo pokupika. Muna 1853, Pierce akaisa ruoko rwake pabhuku romutemo, kwete Bhaibheri. Chisarudzo ichi, nepo chisingawanzowaniki, itsika inoshanda neyapamutemo inoremekedza kuparadzana kwechechi nehurumende.

Zvirongwa Zvepaimba Nezvenjodzi

Apo mhiko inobviswa kunze kwenzvimbo yomupimo − somuzvinoitika zvaTheodore Roosevelt (1901, paimba yeshamwari), Calvin Coolidge (1923, papurazi rake remhuri muVermont nechiedza cherambi), uye Lyndon Johnson (1963, muAir Force One) mamiriro ezvinhu asina kunyorwa ezviteshi zveCapitol anotsaurwa pasina kudikanwa. Bva imwe neimwe yeiyi mitambo yekurumidziro yakateverwa nechinoitika chetsika chetsika yokutanga gare gare gare, kudzorera tsika yacho.

Tsika Dzakabvumirwa Kana Kuti Dzachinjwa

Muna 2021, kusavapo kwemabhora okuisa mativi echinyakare uye kuratidzira kukuru kwakanga kusati kwamboitika munguva dzazvino uno. Nenzira yakafanana, Purezidhendi Trump muna 2017 akashandisa maBhaibheri maviri, kubatanidza Bhaibheri reLincoln, asi akachengeta ruoko rwake ruchisimudzwa mumhiko yacho yose (kubva kuduku kubva panzvimbo chaiyo yeruoko rumwe). Uku kuchinjana kuduku hakurevi gamuchidzanwa; panzvimbo pezvo, kunoratidzira kuti tsika inogona kuchinjira kumashoko akapoteredza apo inoramba ichishandisa simba rayo rokufananidzira.

Zvinoreva Tsika Dzidzi Dzisina Kunyorwa

Zvinobatira mabasa anokosha anoverengeka ayo rugwaro rusina kunyorwa rweBumbiro reMitemo rusingagoni kugovera.

Kusimbisa Kufambiswa Kune Rugare Kwesimba

Kuchinja kwesimba − zvikurukuru apo masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika anochinja(inguva yokusagadzikana kunobvira). Kutanga kukuru kwokutsaurirwa, netsika dzakwo dzakagoveranwa, zviratidzo kunyika uye kurudzi kuti kutama kwacho kwakarongeka, kwapamutemo, uye kwokuzvidira. Mufananidzo wapurezidhendi vakasununguka navanouya vachienda pamwe chete kuCapitol, pasinei zvapo neruvengo rwupi norwupi rwomunhu oga kana kuti rwezvamatongerwe enyika, iratidzirwo ine simba yokutsidzira hurumende.

Kubatanidza Nhau

Purezidhendi mumwe nomumwe anoshandisa Bhaibheri reLincoln, anomira pamatanho mamwe chetewo eCapitol, uye anodzokorora mashoko mamwe chetewo anozvibatanidza amene nomutangiri ari wose.uku kupfuurira kunosimudzira pfungwa yokuzivikanwa kworudzi negamuchidzanwa izvo zvinopfuura purezidhendi mumwe nomumwe.Vagari vanoona mutambo wacho vanonzwa rutivi rwetsika dzemazana amakore, vachisimbisa kutenda kwavo vamene kwehurumende.

Kuchinja Purezidhendi ari mukati meHofisi

Zvisarudzo zvomunhu oga mukati memhemberero yacho (iyo Bhaibheri, mashokoi okuwedzera, kungava kumbomira kana kunyemwerera). Nguva idzi duku, dzisina kunyorwa dzinogona kuratidza mipimo, miganhu, uye vavariro. Somuenzaniso, mhiko dzaBack Obama dza2009 dzaifanira kupiwazve pachivande nemhaka yokugumburwa mumashoko acho mukati mechinoitika chipenyu (Mutongi Mukuru akashandura nhevedzano yeshoko). , kunyange zvazvo iri ruramiso yakapfava, yakava chidzidzo mukuzvininipisa uye ukoshi hwechakarurama.

Kugovera Simba Rokubatana Kworudzi

Hurukuro yokutanga, kufora, uye mabhora zvose zvakagadzirirwa kuva zvinobatanidza, zvichikoka vaAmerica vemigariro yose kuti vatore rutivi, munenge mokufananidzira. Kunyange vagari vemo vasina kuvhota nokuda kwapurezidhendi mutsva vanokarirwa kuremekedza hofisi nemutambo. Tsika dzisina kunyorwa dzinosimbisa pfungwa yokuti zvino ndiyo nguva yokuungana pamwe chete pashure pesarudzo yakaoma.

Tsika Dzakadzidzwa uye Zvavaikurudzirwa Nevamwe

Tsika dzacho hadzina kuitwa muchinhu chisiri chechinhu; dzinokwereta kubva kuBritain, Masonini, uye mamwe magamuchidzanwa enhau. Kushandiswa kweBhaibheri kunoratidzira nhaka yechiKristu yechiPurotesitendi chavavambi, kunyange zvazvo chibvumikiso chokusimbisa chichiratidza kubvumirana kuzhinji kworudzidziso. Kubatanidzwa kwehondo () kuvapo kwemapoka, saruti ye 21 yepfuti dzoumambo asi inodzorwa nokuda kweredhigiriki. Hurukuro yetendero inoratidzira hurukuro dzinopiwa navatongi vehurumende yehurumende, asi nokumonyaniswa kwehurumende yehurumende.

Kuravazve pamusoro pekukura kwenhau kwemhiko, ona Kopi yeNational Archives yeU.S. ne [[FLT:] Library yemuunganidzwa weDare paGeorge Washington's kutsaurirwa . Kunyudza zvakadzama mu "Iyandibetsera Mwari" kurukurirano, [[FLT:]] National Constitution Center inopa shoo yeHfungwa ye . Kuwedzera, . Dare renhau rinogovera nguva yezvinoitika zvenguva yakapfuura [FLT].

Mugumo: Tsika Mhenyu Yemuti

Tsika dzapurezidhendi dzisinganyorwi nemitemo zvinowirirana hazvisi zvingori zvisaririra. Izvo zvisaririra zvinobatanidza udzori humwe nohumwe kunheyo dzokuvamba uye kuvanhu veAmerica. Kuvambira pakusarudzwa kwenzvimbo kusvikira pakuiswa kwechioko pabhuku, aya magamuchidzanwa anopa kutsiga, kuzvininipisa, uye kupfuurira kune rugare kwehurumende yebumbiro remitemo. Nepo mashoko emhiko akaiswa muBumbiro remitemo, tsika dzakavapoteredza dzinosimba kuchinjika kuzvinetso, zvisarumbiso zvomunhu oga, uye kuchinja kwazvo mipimo. Kunzwisisa iyi mitemo isina kunyorwa kunokudza kunzwisiswa nokutsaumbika sechibvumirano chemitemo yapamutemo.