Nei Kunzwisisa Kurongwa Kwehurumende Kuchikosha?

Zvisarudzo zvezuva rimwe nerimwe zvinoitwa nevakuru vakuru vanobva kudare reguta renyu kuPurezidhendi zvinotapura kufamba kwako, zvidzidzo zvechikoro chomwana wako, uye kuchengeteka kwemhepo yaunofema. Kunyange zvakadaro vagari vemo vakawanda havagoni kududza mumiririri wavo wehurumende kana kuti kutsanangura musiyano uri pakati pomutemo wenyika nemutemo wehurumende. Kunzwisisa zvakajeka kuti hurumende dzomunzvimbomo, dzehurumende, uye dzehurumende dzinoshanda dzakarongwa sei (/) uye kuti dzinobatana sei nehwundiro yekubatanidzwa kwehurumende. Nyaya inopa kuputsika, kuparara kwemitengo mitatu yekirasi yeU.S.

Hurumende Chii?

Mupfungwa yakapfava zvikurusa, hurumende ndiyo gadziriro iyo nzanga kana kuti nyika inoita nayo ndokuisa mitemo uye inogovera mabasa anoitwa navanhu vose ayo vasingagoni kuchengeteka nyore nyore, zvakadai sedziviriro yorudzi, migwagwa yavose, uye mvura yakachena. Hurumende yeAmerica inovakwa panheyo ye uchangamire hunokosha [ pfungwa yokuti chiremera pakupedzisira chinobva kuvanhu. Iyi nheyo inoratidzirwa mumashoko okuzarura eBumbiro reMitemo: “Isu vanhu. Hurumende pamwero uri wose iripo kubatira zvakanaka, asi mwero nechiyero zvamabasa aro zvinosiana nenzira inosiyanisa nenzira inoshamisa.

Vagari vomuAmerica vapakuvamba vaitya simba guru, vachiva vakawana utongi husingafungiri hwehurumende yeBritain iri kure. Uku kusavimba kwakatungamirira Vavambi kugadzira gadziriro ye federalist [, umo simba rinokamuraniswa pakati pehurumende yenyika nehurumende. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo hadzidudzwi muBumbiro remitemo asi dzinoumbwa namasangano kuti atarisire nhau dzenzanga. Kunzwisisa iyi nzira yakachinjika kunokosha nemhaka yokuti kunotsanangura chikonzero nei chisaririra paMain Street chiri chinetso chomunzvimbomo, nepo chibvumirano nehurumende yenyika yokumwe chete iri yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende.

Kutangwa kweBumbiro reMitemo Rehurumende

Dare reMitemo reU.S. ([FLT: 1]) rakatanga gadziriro yehurumende. Chikamu I chinoratidzira masimba eCongress, Chikamu II bazu rinodzora, uye Chikamu III chejudiary. 10]th Amendment[ (yasimbiswa muna 1791]) chinogovera kiyiyi kukunzwisisa chikonzero nei hurumende dziripo: “Masimba asingapiwi nehurumende neUnited States neBumbiro reMitemo, kana kuti anorambidzwa nayo kuUnited States, anochengeterwa kuUnited States, kana kuti kuvanhu. Ikoku kunoreva kuti simba ripi neripi risingapiwi nenzira yakajeka kuhurumende, mapurisa, kana kuti mapurisa, kana kuti kuronge kuruwa rwenyika.

Zvisinei, simba riri pakati pehurumende dzehurumende nedzehurumende rachinja. New Deal, nhambo yeCivil Rights, uye mutemo wezvoutano wazvino uno (muchib., Affordal Care Act) zvose zvakakudzwa nechiremera chehurumende.

Hurumende Yomunzvimbomo: Vavariro Yapedyo Zvikuru Navanhu

Marudzi Nezvivako

Hurumende yomunzvimbomo imwero vaAmerica vazhinjisa vanowirirana nehurumende dzenyika zuva nezuva, kunyange kana vasingakuzivi. Kune hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinenge 90 000 muUnited States, kubatanidza magiramu, maturaimani (maguta namataundi), mataundi, maruwa chaiwo (semvura kana kuti nzvimbo dzokudzivirira moto), uye maruwa echikoro. Chivako chacho chinosiana nehurumende, asi hurumende zhinji dzomunzvimbomo dzinotevera imwe yemienzaniso mitatu: [[FLT: 0]] concil [magartomagne , [magameyamendiro nedare rinoyera], [[FLT:]] zvinobatira vose vari vaviri]

Mitoro

Hurumende dzeko dzinoita mabasa anokanganisa upenyu hwevagari vemo zvakananga, anosanganisira aya:

  • Kukotsekana kwePublic: Mapurisa namadhipatimendi omwoto, mabasa ezvokurapa, uye kuchengetwa kwokuvaka.
  • Furacture: migwagwa yomunharaunda, migwagwa, nzira dzomumugwagwa, chiedza chomugwagwa, mugove wemvura, gadziriro dzetsvina, uye kuunganidzwa kwetsvina.
  • dzidzo: zvikoro zvemavambo nasekondari zvinodzorwa zvakatanhamara namabhodhi ezvikoro omunzvimbomo akasarudzwa kana kuti vatarisiri voruwa vakagadzwa.
  • Mapaki nenhandaro: mapaka avose, nzvimbo dzenzanga, maraibhurari, madziva okushambira, uye masangano emitambo.
  • Kushandiswa kweNyika:[ mirau yokuronga, mvumo, uye gadziriro dzinosarudza chinogona kuvakwa.

Kushandisa mari

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinosimudza mari zvikurukuru kupfurikidza ne mitero yapamutemo (mitero panyika nezvivako) uye mitero [ (chikamu chemari inotengwa). Dzinogamuchirawo kusimudzirwa kwahurumende: mari neyamuro zvinobva kuhurumende. Hurumende dzakawanda dzomunzvimbomo dzinounganidzawo mitero yemibato yakaita semvura, mvumo, uye marezi. Nemhaka yokuti mitero ndiyo manyuko makuru, bhajeti romunzvimbomo kazhinji kazhinji dzinoratidzira upfumi hwenzanga nemabasa zviri nani.

Mienzaniso Yehurumende Yomunzvimbomo Iri Kushanda

  • Rimwe dare reguta rinovhota kuwedzera mari nokuda kwepurogiramu dzepwere dzapashure pechikoro.
  • Dare reruwa rinobvumira nzvimbo itsva yokushandisazve kuti ideredze tsvina.
  • Ruwa rwechikoro runogamuchira zvidzidzo zvitsva zvemasvomhu pashure pemuuyo wenzanga.
  • Rimwe taundi rine dare ravose pamusoro pokubvumira kutangwa kwedzimba itsva.

Hurumende: Changamire Ari Mumaumbirwe NaChangamire

Chivako

Hurumende imwe neimwe inoratidzira muenzaniso wehurumende namapazu matatu: inouraya (gavhuna, anowanzosarudzwa nokuda kwenhambo yamakore mana), legisiti[ (hurumende zhinji dzine chigadziko chezvibvumirano chezvibvumirano zvemabhinamel(a sena neimba yavamiririri; Nebraska inosiiwa nedare rapamusoro rehurumende). Mitemo mitemo yagara iri yakakurumbira kupfuura muganhu wemitemo yehurumende uye ingabatanidza gadziriro padzidzo, mitero, uye hurumende yomunzvimbomo.

Mitoro

Hurumende dzehurumende dzinoshandisa izvo Hurumende ye10 inochengetera idzo.Nzvimbo huru dzechiremera chehurumende dzinobatanidza:

  • Trashidzo: United States inogadza mipimo yezvidzidzo, zvinodikanwa zvevadzidzisi, uye nzira dzokushandisa nokuda kwezvikoro zvavose. (Hurumende yehurumende inogovera inenge 8% ye K-12 yemari, zvikurukuru kupfurikidza neTitle I neIDEA.)
  • transportation:[ Madhipatimendi eHurumende ezvokufambisa anovaka nokuchengetedza migwagwa mikuru, mabhiriji, uye gadziriro dzokufambisa dzavose (umh., njanji, mabhazi) mukati mehurumende.
  • Mvura negarikano: United States inotarisira Medicaid (inishuwarenzi yezvoutano yehurumende yavanhu vanowana mari shoma), inishuwarenzi yourovha, uye purogiramu dzegarikano yavana.
  • Kotsekano yePublic nokuchengetwa kwomutemo: mapurisa eHurumende (kufamba kwapamusoro kwemugwagwa), nzvimbo dzokuranga, uye mabumbiro amatsotsi anosiana nehurumende.
  • Riginitions nemirau: rezinesi reStates, magweta, vakoti, vachemi, vagadziri vevhu, uye mamwe mabasa mazhinji. Vanodzorawo inishuwarenzi, zvinhu zvinoiswa mumuviri, uye kutengeserana kwezvikepe.
  • Sarudzo: United States inodzora “nguva, nzvimbo, uye mutoo” zvasarudzo dzehurumende nehurumende (zvinozviisa kuutariri hwehurumende) uye kupinza maruwa ehurumende nesangano.

Kushandisa mari

Nyika dzinounganidza mitero inobhadharwa [ (maruwa mazhinjisa; mapfumbamwe haana mutero wemari yehurumende), mitero (kana kana kuti 4%-8% panhumbi zhinji), uye mitero yakasiana--- siyana (zvikurukuru, petrofini, chinwiwa chinodhakisa), fodya). Ivowo vanogamuchira mari yesangano nokuda kwemitero yakadai seMedicaid nemigwagwa mikuru. Mamwe maruwa anewo mitero yemakambani.

Hurumende Inoshanda

  • Musangano wehurumende unopa mutemo mutsva unokwidza muripo muduku pamusoro pouriri hwehurumende.
  • Gavhuna anozivisa kuti pane imwe nguva yenjodzi pashure pedutu ndokumisa National Guard.
  • Dare rehurumende guru rinotonga kana mutemo wokuvhota mutsva uri pamutemo pasi pebumbiro remitemo rehurumende.
  • Bazi rehurumende redzidzo rinonyora mipimo mitsva yokudzidzisa sayenzi yemakombiyuta muzvikoro zvepamusoro.

Hurumende Inotonga Nyika Yose

Mapazi Matatu Nemakemikari Nedzikamo

Constitution inoita hurumende yehurumende ine mapazu matatu akagadzirirwa kunzvera simba romumwe nomumwe. Bheti reBazi (Kontal]) rinogadzira mitemo. Congress ibhiadral: Imba yeVamiriri (Nhengo 4435, inogoverwa navagari vemo, inosarudzwa navagari vemo makore maviri ari ose) uye Dare rehurumende (100, mitezo miviri pagore, yakasarudzwa kumirauta mitanhatu yegore). Dare guru reSangano [[FLT:] rinodzosa] rinotungamirirwa naProridhea, avo vanoraira mitemo yehondo, uye mufambiro wokumwe nyika. [FFF] [FFFFFFF]

Mitoro

Hurumende yehurumende ine masimba akarongwa akarongwa muChikamu I, Chikamu 8 cheBumbiro reMitemo. Izvozvi zvinosanganisira:

  • Kudzivirira kwerudzi: Kushandiswa kwehondo, kudzivirirwa, uye zviziviso zvehondo zvinova nehurumende yehurumende bedzi.
  • Nhau dzokuMamwe nezvibvumirano: Purezidhendi anotaurirana zvibvumirano (zvakatenderwa neDare) uye anomirira United States kune imwe nyika.
  • [[FT:0] Kutora nokuzvimirira:[[FT: 1] kudzora mutemo weFederal unopinda munyika, anova mugari wemo, uye mugariro wezvisiri zvemari.
  • Rutengeso rweIntertate: The Commerce Clausle inopa Congress simba rokudzora kutengeserana pakati penyika, uko kwakadudzirwa zvikuru kuti kukanganise mibato mizhinji yezvemari.
  • Kubhangisa nokuchengeta mari: Hurumende yehurumende inogadzira mari, inodhinda mari yepepa, uye inodzora mabhangi kupfurikidza neFederal Reserve.
  • Basa reposi: The Postal Service yeU.S. inotumira tsamba munyika yose.
  • Zvinhu zvokusagona kunyora: zvinyorwa zvapamutemo uye zvivhozhokero zvinobudiswa nehurumende yomubatanidzwa.
  • Kodzero dzechikodzeri: mitemo yeFederal yakadai seCivil Rights Act ya1946 inorambidza rusaruro rwakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, vatano, kana kuti mavambo orudzi.

Kushandisa mari

Hurumende yehurumende inounganidza mitero yemari inotambirwa (manyuko makurusa emari inotambirwa), mitero yemitero yemari (yapa (yamutezo yeSocial Security neMedicare), [[FLT]] mitero yemari inobhadharwa [, uye [[FLT]] mitero yemabhadharo [[FLT]] (parifini, zvinodhaka, fodya). Inogonawo kukwereta mari kupfurikidza nezvisungo zvemari, izvo zvakatungamirira kuchikwereti zvakaisvonaka zvenyika. Kushandisa mari kunokamura kuvhotera (zvinokamura gore negore kupfurikidza nokudzorwa kwemabhiri (Focration)

Hurumende Inotonga Nevanhu Vasina Kusimba Iri Kushanda

  • Congress inopa mari yemari inokwana madhora ane mabhiriyoni 1,2 (Z $2 000 000 000) kuti igadzirise migwagwa, mabhiriji, uye kubhangi.
  • Purezidhendi anosaina murayiridzo wevakuru vakuru wokurayira masangano kuti agadzirise kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze.
  • Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa rinotonga kuti mutemo wokubvisa mimba wehurumende hauwirirani nemitemo mumuenzaniso womubatanidzwa.
  • Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) inoronga kupindura kwengwavaira pashure pokudengenyeka kwapasi kukuru.

Mapindiro Anoita Kupindira Kutatu

Hapana mwero wehurumende inoshanda mukuparadzana. Vanogoverana masimba, vanobatira pamwe pamapurogiramu, uye pane dzimwe nguva vanobonderana. Izvozvi zvinonzi ukama hwehurumende[. Mienzaniso inobatanidza:

  • Mitoro yakagoveranwa: Hurumende yehurumende inogovera inenge 55% yemari yemotokari, asi hurumende inoronga nokuvaka migwagwa, uye hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinochengeta migwagwa mizhinji yeguta.
  • Zvipo zveFederal: Mipiro nezvipo zvinoendesa mari yehurumende kunyika nenharaunda nemigariro (mh., dzidzo yavadzidzi vakaremara).
  • Kusunungurwa: apo mutemo wehurumende kana kuti wenyika unokunda mutemo wemadanho akaderera. Somuenzaniso, mutemo womubatanidzwa unotsiva mitemo yemitemo pamitemo yesimba renyukireya.
  • Masimba echipameso: Hurumende dzose dziri mbiri dzehurumende nedzehurumende dzinogona kubhadhara, kukwereta mari, kuvaka migwagwa, uye kugadza matare. Apo anorwisana, Supremacy Claus (Article VI) anoita mutemo mukurusa wehurumende.

Kubatanidzwa Mumibatanidzwa Yakasiyana - siyana

Nyika imwe neimwe yehurumende inogovera nzira dzakasiyana - siyana dzokutora rutivi:

  • Sarudzo musarudzo iri yose: Sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo (boka rechikoro, dare reguta, meya) kazhinji kazhinji dzine kuderera, kureva kuti vhoti yako imwe inotakura ukoshi hukuru. Sarudzo yehurumende nehurumende inosarudza kuti ndiani anonyora mitemo inotapura basa rako, utano, uye mudyandigere.
  • Misangano yavose yapamhene: dare reGuta, komisheni yeruwa, uye misangano yedare rechikoro inowanzozarukira vanhu. Kupinda kunokuita kuti unzwe zvikarakadzo, kubvunza mibvunzo, uye inzwi.
  • Kurukurirana navamiriri vako: Vose vakuru vakasarudzwa(kuvambira padare reguta kusvikira kuSanisitori yeguta reU.S._va nehofisi navashandi. Kuridza runhare kupfupi, kworuremekedzo kana kuti email kunogona kupesvedzera chimiro chavo panhau.
  • Kubatira pabhodhi kana kuti dare: Hurumende zhinji dzomunzvimbomo dzine nzvimbo dzokuzvipira (kuronga, bhodi yepaka, bhodi yokukambira). Iyi inzira yakananga yokuumba nayo muitiro.
  • Rava manyuko enhau akakurumbira anofukidza nzvimbo, nyika, uye zvamatongerwe enyika. Shandisa mawebsite ehurumende epamutemo (USA.gov nokuda kwamashoko ehurumende, [[FLT:]] Konsor.gov[[FLT]]
  • [ Advocate nokuda kwenhau: Inzwano kana kuti masangano anotsigira ayo anosvikira nokuda kwechinhu chinokuita kuti uve nehanya. Hurumende nenzvimbo inodzorwa kazhinji kazhinji ine tapuro yakananga zvikuru kupfuura nhimbe dzorudzi.

Mugumisiro: Gadziriro Yakagadzirirwa Kutora Rutivi

Mitengo mitatu yehurumende yeU.S. yehurumende yeU.(nzvimbo yazvo, nyika, uye hurumende) inoumba gadziriro yakaoma, yakatsamirana iyo inodzikamisa simba pakati pechiremera chikuru nemapoka amarudzi. Apo hurumende yehurumende inobata nhau dzorudzi nedzemarudzi ose, hurumende dzinotaura nezvezvinodikanwa zvenharaunda, uye hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinogovera mabasa ezuva kusvikira kuzuva anorondedzera upenyu hwenzanga. Kunzwisisa aya aya anopesana anopfuura kushandiswa kwevagari vemo; inhano yokutanga kukubatanidzwa mune revo muutongi hwako umene. Kana uri mudzidzi ari kugadzirira nokuda kwechidzidzo, mudzidzisi kuronga chidzidzo, kana kuti mugari wemo anoshamisa kuti angaita sei musianotangira, kupfurikidza nokudzidza uyo anomirira pamwero mumwe nomumwe uye anoita. Rupublication inotsamira bedzi paavo vasingazivi kuti vashandei hurumende yavo asi vanozviitawo zviri nani.