Kunzwisisa Mamiriro Ezvinhu Akasiyana - siyana Emutemo Anowanika Pakombiyuta

Nzvero dzamagetsi dzazova nheyo yokuchengetwa kwomutemo kwazvino uno, asi gadziriro yapamutemo inodzora kuti masangano anoshandisa sei mashoko apaIndaneti anoramba akaoma uye achikurumidza kupedzisa. Kutsvaka maruramiro, chisakiso, uye kariro ine mufungo yedzidziso yakavanzika yose munzira dzinosiyana zvikuru zvichitsamira pakuti mashoko ndeevoruzhinji zvirokwazvo here, kashoma, kana kuti vanhu voga. Kunyanzvi dzemitemo, vatarisiri, uye vadzidzi vezvoruzivo rwemitengo, kunzwisisa miganhu iyi inokosha nokuda kwokunzvera kwapamutemo uye kudzivirira kodzero dzavose munyika inowedzera kubatanidzwa.

Chikamu chechina cheFindment kuBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. chinopa simba rokudzivirira kutsvakurudza kusina musoro uye kubatwa nepfari, asi kushandisa kwaro nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa pafoni nekombiyuta kwakada kuti matare atsanangurezve mitemo yagara mazana emakore zvichienderana neruzivo rwemazuva ano. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti kukwanisa kuvhura mashoko anowanika pachena paIndaneti kunoumba kuti "seanzverwa" pasi peWechina, kana kuti kuongorora kwepamutemo kunofanira kutanga. Kupindura mubvunzo uyu kunoda kuongororwa kwakajekeswa kwomutemo, mashandiro emitemo, uye kugadzirisa kuongorora zvinhu zvedare mumazuva anotevedzerwa.

Ndechipi Chinoita Kuti Zviwanike Pakombiyuta?

Mashoko eIndaneti anowanikwa nevanhu anosanganisira mashoko ose anogona kuonekwa, kuwanikwa, kana kuwanikwa pasina magwaro anoratidza kuti munhu ariko, mari inobhadharwa, kana kuti zvimwe zviteshi zvokushandisa. Izvi zvinosanganisira mashoko akaiswa panhau dzinobudisa nhau dzesocial network, mashoko ehurukuro dzinoiswa pachishandiswa injini dzokusecha, mapepa ehurumende anowanika pachena, uye mashoko anowanikwa pawebsite dzisingadi kunyoreswa. Zvisinei, shoko rokuti "Ororuzhinji rinowanika" rinogona kunyengera. Mashoko anooneka nomunhu ane intaneti angangova nedziviriro dzakavanzika pachishandiswa mashoko akapoteredza akawanikwa uye anotarisirwa nomunhu akaaisa.

Misiyano mikuru iripo pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana - siyana zvamashoko anowanika pachena. Tsamba dzinoti munhu anozivisa pachena nemaune kunyika . yakadai senhau yeIstagram kana kuti tsinhiro papeji yavose yeFacebook iri paji(imo yemitemo yakasiana- siana kupfurikidza nounyanzvi hwokunzvera hwazvino uno, mazita, kana kuti basa rounyanzvi. Nenzira yakafanana, mashoko anowanika pachena asi akagoveranwa navateereri vakaganhurirwa, zvakadai sezviri mumichina unovharwa nemotokari inongoridzwa nevanonzvera, inovanza mutsetse pakati pezvirongwa zvepachena nedzevoga. Matare ezvoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu anonzwisisa kuti kuwanikwa kwapamutemo nguva dzose haaenzaniswi nokuda kwezvinangwa zvokuongorora pasina purogiramu yakakodzera.

Kuchinja Kwechina uye Kutarisira Kune Mwero Kuedzwa Kunoitwa Munhu Ari Oga

Gadziriro yeNhevedzo yeChina yenzvero yemipimo yakavakirwa pakukarira kune mufungo kwenzvero yakavanzika yakatangwa mu [FLT] Katz v. United States (1967]). Pasi peiyi gadziriro, kunzvera kunoitika apo hurumende inovhozhokera panzvimbo apo munhu ane kariro yezvakavanzika yapachivande kuti nzanga inodisa kuziva seyakadzikama. Kushanda kwapachena kunenge kwakananga: apo mashoko anogoverwa pachena paInternet, munhu haagoni kuchengeta kariro yenhau iyo mutemo usingazozvirangariri. Sangano haingatongorangariri kariro yakadaro ino mufungo apo mashoko akaitwa nenzira yamaune kuti awanike munhu upi noupi ane hanya kutarira.

Zvisinei, majana ezvidimbu zvakawanda zvemashoko anowanika pachena anogona kuzivisa mashoko akavanzika pamusoro poupenyu hwomunhu, shamwari, uye mabasa. Rondedzero yemifananidzo yakavhengana, iyo yakawana kunyorwa mumatare ehurumende, inokarakadza kuti zvose zvinogona kuwanikwa kubva mumativi akawanda emashoko avose zvingapfuura uwandu hwemativi azvo, kuvhura dziviriro dzeGPS kunyange apo zvidimbu zvacho zvinenge zviri pachena. Iyi rondedzero yave ichishandiswa kunhambo refu inonzvera uye miunganidzwa mizhinji yeMitemo yeMitemo, uye inova inokosha zvikuru kunzvera kunobatanidza kurasa, kunyora, kuongorora, uye kuongorora mitambo yakapararira yemashoko anowanika pachena paIndaneti.

Chisarudzo cheDare Gurusa chakaumba zvinyorwa zvenzvimbo yenhau yeGavhura re Cartenter v. United States (2017) (208) inomirira nguva yakachenuruka yokuvandika kwemashandiro azvo etsika. Muchiitiko ichocho, Dare rakaramba kuti kuwanikwa kwemasero echitatu echechi kwaiumba kutsvakwa kweGrandmentindement inoda pamutemo, kunyange zvazvo zvinyorwa izvozvo zvakachengetwa nebato rechitatu. Dare rakaziva zvakajeka kuti mashoko emichina anogona kuzivisa mashoko omunhu oga zvikuru pamusoro poupenyu hwomunhu oga, uye rakaramba kushandisirwa kwedzidziso yechitatu apo ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runogonesa kuongororwa zvakakwana. Kunyange zvazvo [[FLT:] Centreterter [FF] inona]

Nheyo Dzemitemo Dzinodzora Kuongorora uye Kuongorora Mashoko Anowanikwa PaIndaneti

Nheyo dzapamutemo dzinoverengeka dzinodzora kuti kuchengetwa kwomutemo kungawana sei mashoko paIndaneti, uye imwe neimwe inobata pamwe nezvinodikanwa zvinobvumira munzira dzakajeka. Dzidziso yechitatu, yakabva mu United States v. Miller [77] na [[FLT]] Smith] v. Maryland [ [797]), inorangarira kuti vanhu vanorasikirwa nokukarira kune mufungo kwezvakavanzika mumashoko vanozivisa nokuzvidira kumativi echitatu. Mune iyi dzidziso, mibato inogoverana nemigovero yemibato yemagariro avanhu, maredhiredhiyo enzvimbo dzinobudisa makombiyuta, uye mamwe maInternet meternetics anokwanisa kubudiswa pasina maruramiro kana hurumende ikazviwana zvakananga kubva kuboka rechitatu. [FL:][FFF]

SCA inogadzira gadziriro yakatevedzana yedziviriro: mashoko anowanika pachena angawanwa pasina muitiro upi noupi wepamutemo; mashoko akachengetwa nenzvimbo yebasa kwamazuva anopfuura 180 angada mutengi wemajeni wemagetsi; uye zvirimo zvokukurukurirana zvisina kuvhurika zvinogona kuwanikwa nehwaro hwakavakirwa pahwaro hunogona kutendwa. Iyi gadziriro inotangira ikosha yeInternet ingagona kuonekwa seyakareruka, asi inoenderera mberi kudzora muitiro webasa kwamazuva 180 kupfurikidza nokukumbira kwomutemo mashoko kubva kumakambani ezvokugadzira zvinhu.

Zvinodiwa Zvinoshanda Pakombiyuta: Kuparara Kwakakwana

Dzidziso Yezvokuziva Vanhu Vose

Mudzidziso yenhau yavose, kuchengetwa kwomutemo kungacherekedza nokuzvidira, kunyora, uye kuunganidza mashoko api naapi anowanika pachena paInternet pasina chinodikanwa chipi nechipi chepamutemo, chiduku, kana kuti dare. Iyi dzidziso inowana tsigiro kubva kumurangariro wakajeka wakanyorwa mu Coolidge v. New Hampshire , inobvumira vakuru vakuru kuwana ufakazi mumurangariro wakajeka pasina pamutemo kana varipo panzvimbo yacho. Mumashoko erectal region, kuva "apoianign" inoreva kupinda mumateshipi mamwe namamwe mavoko avanhu vose angagona kuwanikwa. Murwi anoona nzvimbo yavose kana kuti arava zvinowanikwa pachena haasati aripo anotungamirira mupfungwa yechine.

Zvisinei, kana mutemo uchishandisa unyengeri, mabasa okushandisa zvishandiso zvisina kuwanikwa nevanhu vose kuti vawane mashoko, kuchinja kwokuongorora. Somuenzaniso, kutanga nhoroondo yemapepanhau yokunyepedzera kuti ivangane nechinonyanya kudiwa uye kuwanikwa nomunhu oga kana kuti kushandisa shoko rekushandisa kubvisa zvinhu zvinokosha zvinoshandiswa pakudzora kungada chokwadi. Musiyano mukuru ndewokuti mashoko acho ndeechokwadi uye ndeevoruzhinji here, kureva kuti munhu upi noupi ane intanetiwo zvayo anogona kuaona norusununguko, kana kuti kana kuti kana mashoko acho achingowanikwa nenzira dzisiri dzechokwadi kumunhu wose.

Apo Murwi Unodikanwa

Chibvumikiso chinotsigirwa nechinhu chinobvira chinodikanwa apo vatsigiri vomutemo vanotsvaka kusvika mashoko paIndaneti asingasviki pachena. Izvi zvinobatanidza mashoko emunhu oga, mashoko akananga, manyuchi anodzivirira, mawebsite anochengetedzwa, maakaundi egore, maemail ari mubhokisi, uye mashoko api naapi anoda kutendiswa kana kuti zvimwe kudzorwa. Zvinoda nguva dzose kuti kuratidzwa kwemashoko zvakakwana kutungamirira munhu ane mufungo kudavira kuti ufakazi hweutsotsi huchawanikwa munzvimbo yacho kuti hunzverwe, izvo muzvinoitika zvemichina inoreva nhoroondo chaiyo, midziyo, kana kuti chishandiso chemashoko chinoziviswa mukushandira rugwaro rwemitemupi.

Kupa mashoko emichina kunofanira kuwirirana nechinodikanwa chaicho cheGadziriro yeChina, chinoda kuti chibvumikiso chirondedzere zvakananga zvinhu zvinofanira kubatwa. Chinodikanwa ichi chinokosha zvikuru nokuda kwemashoko emichina nemhaka yokuti chibvumikiso chakafara chisingaganhuri kuunganidzwa kwemashoko chingagona kubvumira kunzvera kwakawanda kwemashoko omunhu oga. Matare akadazve kutendiswa kwemichina kuti zvibatanidzwe kubatanidza mitemo, manyuko anokosha, kana kuti mamwe masangano okudzivisa hurumende kubatanidzwa mukutsvaka uredzi hwemichina. Chirevo chinofanira kuzivisa nhau yacho, mapoka chaiwo emashoko aitsvakwa, uye nguva yokunzvera, zvose nepo kuratidzira kuti mashoko akakumbirwa angangova anokwanisa kuva noufakazi hwoutsotsi.

United States Active on Digital Investigations

Chisarudzo chakasimbisa kuti mashoko edare anosimbisa kuti masero enzvimbo yazvo anogona kuisa mativi oupenyu hwomunhu panzvimbo imwe chete, kwete panzvimbo yaanoongorora, asi pachishandiswa dzidziso yake yechitatu, nyanzvi, dzezvematongerwo enyika, zvitendero, uye masangano ezvevatano." Uku kufunga kunotambanukira nenzira yomuzvarirwo kumamwe mamiitiro akawanda etsika anogona kuzivisa mitoo yakadzama, kubatanidza mashoo enzanga, marekodhi, marekodhi, marekodhi, marekodhi ewebhuropu, marekodhi, marekodhi, marekodhi ewebhuroku, marekodhi, mareki ewebhurowa, uye manyuroko.

Matare maduku akapinza pa Carcenter kuraira zvibvumikiso zvokupinda mumibatanidzwa yenzanga yenhau, zvikurukuru apo hurumende inotsvaka mashoko enhau ayo angazivisa mibato yomunhu oga yepaIndaneti uye masangano munhambo dzakarefu. Degitation Wechina Yewechina, sezvo dzimwe nyanzvi dzinodana iyi gadziriro iripo, dzinobata mashoko emichina kwete semuunganidzwa wezvikamu zvamashoko zvakaparadzana asi sechinyorwa chakajeka zvikuru choupenyu hwomunhu. Mune iyi, chinodikanwa chingashanda kunyange apo zvidimbuko zvemashoko zvinowanika pachena, kana zvikamu zvinobudisa pachena kupfuura izvo munhu azvizvizvinenge zvazviratidzira.

Vakasiyana Nevamwe uye Vanovaremekedza

Migariro Yakaoma

Kuchengetedzwa kwemitemo kungavapo pasina pamutemo mumamiriro ezvinhu anenge avapo uye kuwana chibvumikiso chisingabviri.Mienzaniso inobatanidza kudzivisa kuparadzwa kwehuva pedyo kwoufakazi, kudzivirira mumwe munhu panjodzi dzomuviri dzinokurumidza, kana kuti kuronda kufungira kuti anotiza. Mumawadhi ekombiyuta, mamiriro ezvinhu anowanzomuka apo panenge pane chitendero chine mufungo chokuti munyumwisi achabvisa kana kuti kugadziridza ufakazi hwemipimo asati agona kuwanikwa. Matare anonzvera kutaura kwokungwarira, achida kuti hurumende iratidze kuti mamiriro ezvinhu acho anoruramiswa zvirokwazvo kufuratira chinodikanwa uye kuti kunzvera kusina maruramiro kwakaenzana nemamiriro ezvinhu ekurumidziro anenge achienzana neapo.

Kubvuma

Kubvuma ndichimwe chikonzero chokunzvera kusina kukodzera, chero bedzi kubvumira kuchipiwa nokuzvidira, noungwaru, uye nomunhu ane chiremera pamashoko kana kuti chishandiso. Mumashoko akapoteredza ekombiyuta, kubvumirana kungapiwa nomuri weakaundi, mushandisi, kana kuti kunyange mutsigiri wechitatu webasa mumamiriro ezvinhu akati akaganhurirwa. Zvisinei, kubvumira kunzvera rutivi rumwe rwenhauro hakurevi mamwe mativi, uye kubvumirana kunowanwa kupfurikidza nokunyengera hakuna kufanira. Masangano emitemo anochengeta akanangana nokunzvera nokuda kwokushandisa nzira dzokunyengera kuwana mvumo, zvakadai seshamwari kana kuti basa rokuwana mashoko akavanzika pachivande.

Murangariro Wedzidziso Yakajeka Mumashoko Akanyorwa Nemashandiro Emari

Chiono chakapfava chinobvumira vakuru vakuru kuwana ufakazi pasina maruramiro apo vanenge vari munzvimbo yapamutemo kuuona uye rudzi runoratidza ufakazi rwunooneka nokukurumidza. Munzvimbo yemichina, iyi dzidziso inoshanda apo mukuru mukuru anorangarira nenzira yapamutemo mashoko anowanika pachena ndokucherekedza ufakazi hwoutsotsi. Somuenzaniso, mukuru mukuru anotarisira nhau dzenzanga anopa zvokudya izvo zvinoona zvakajeka mubato wapamutemo uyo unoshandisa mashoko iwayo asingaoneki kuti atsigire kushandiswa kwemashoko kana kuti, mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kuita chiito chapakarepo. Dzidziso yacho haisati, zvisinei, inobvumira vakuru vakuru vakuru kunzvera ufakazi hwokuwedzera kupfuura mumurangariro wakajeka, uye haigoni kushandiswa kururamisa kurongwa kwamanyuko avose pasina kubatanidzwa kwapamutemo kwebasa.

Tsamba Dzokuchengeteka Kwenyika Yose Nedzinotungamirirwa Nehurumende

National Security Letters (NSLS) dzinobudiswa neFBI dzinogona kuda makambani eruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu kuti ape mamwe marudzi emashoko pasina bvunzo, kubatanidza mashoko anonyoreswa, zvinyorwa zvemitengo, uye mimwe mitauro. NSLs inobvumirwa pasi peElectronic Communications Confic Act uye mimwe mitemo, uye anouya negadziriro dzisina kujeka dzinodzivisa vagamuchiri kuzivisa chikumbiro chacho. Nepo NSLs dzisingagoni kushandiswa kuwana zviri mukati memashoko ekurukurirano, dzinomirira kupesana kukuru nechinodikanwa mukunzvera kwechengeteka kwenyika. NSL dzinobudiswa namasangano ehurumende dzinogona kumanikidza kubudiswa kwemashoko okuongorora nokutarisira, kunyange zvazvo dzichingoda kuganhurirwa kutadza kuisa mashoko uye kuzivisa nhau dzakawanda.

Zvinetso Zvevatongi uye Kutsvaka Mutsetse Kwakabviswa

Nhengo dzemitemo hadziremekedzi miganhu yenzvimbo, uye kuongororwa kwemitemo yemakombiyuta kakawanda kunobatanidza mibvunzo inodzorwa. Apo mukuru mukuru mune imwe nyika anovhura website yavose inoiswa pamunhu ari paimwe nyika mune imwe nyika. Kutsvakwa kungadzorwa nemitemo yemitemo inodzora dzakawanda. U.S. Department yeRura reSangano reSangano reSangano reSangano rePU. rakabudisa nhungamiro pasi peComply Crime neIntectritation procementment proces (CIPS) kuti ipedze nhau idzi, asi mutemo unoramba usingawaniki munzvimbo dzakawanda. Kutsvaka kwemuganhu kungaita kuti tsika nevakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vemapamitesheni vashana vashavo vashane makombiyuta pamahodhineti pasina pamutemo, dzakawedzerwa kuongorora makombiyuta omagetsi uye nhau dzinowanika pamuganhu wemakombiyuta, kubudisa mashoko anokosha pamusoro penhau ino muzera rino.

CLOUD Act ya2018 yakaedza kupedza rwisano pakati pezvinodikanwa zveU.S. nemitemo yemitemo yokumwe kupfurikidza nokugadzira gadziriro yokupinda kwemikana yemikova inopindwa mumicheto. Pasi peCLOUD Act yeU.S., kuchengetwa kwomutemo kunogona kuwana magwaro emashoko emagetsi akachengetwa kune imwe nyika kana mushandiri webasa ari pasi pehurumende dzeUnited States, uye Act inobvumira hurumende dzokumwe kuti dzipinde muzvibvumirano zvehurumende neUnited States kuti dziwane. Iyi nzira yave inopesana, nokutsigira kuti inokanganisa zvinodiwa neClone Wechina Kugadziriswa kwemitemo kupfurikidza nokubvumira hurumende dzokune dzimwe nyika kukumbira mashoko anoda pamutemo pasi pomutemo weU.S.

Kunyorerwa Mutemo, Vanamazvikokota, uye Vazivi Vemitemo

Kumasangano anoona nezvokuchengetedzwa kwemitemo, zvinodiwa zvepamutemo zvokutsvaka mashoko anowanikwa pachena zvinoda kurovedzwa kunopfuurira uye mitemo yakajeka inoshanda. Vatungamiriri vanofanira kukwanisa kusiyanisa mashoko evoruzhinji echokwadi anogona kuwanikwa pasina kunyorwa kana kuti mashoko akavanzika anodiwa. Mitemo inofanira kutaura nezvokushandiswa kwemaakaundi asina kunyorwa, zvishandiso zvinongoshandiswa pakombiyuta, uye unyanzvi hwekunyora mashoko, kuziva kuti matare angashandisa nzira dzakasiyana- siyana dzeDNYD Yechina dzekuongorora pane kuongorora zviri mukati mavoga.

IRO nyanzvi navakuru vakuru vemiitiro vanofanira kunzwisisa miganhu yapamutemo yokusvika kwehurumende kumiitiro yavanotonga. Apo vatsigiri vomutemo vanokumbira mashoko pasina pamutemo, vashandi vehurumende vanofanira kuziva kana kubvumirana kuchidakwa pamutemo kana kuti kungwara, uye vanofanira kuziva nezvemiitiro yekambani yacho yoga uye mitemo yebasa. Makambani akawanda ezvoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu akagadza miganhu yokupindura zvikumbiro zvehurumende, kubatanidza kushuma nokuzivisa pachena kuvashandi vanotapurwa nemitemo. Kunzwisisa musiyano uri pakati pemajeri inogona kuziviswa nokuzvidira pasina muitiro uye mashoko anoda pamutemo kudiwa kwemitemo yokuita zvisarudzo zvine chokuita nezvikumbiro zvehurumende.

Varapi vepamutemo, kubatanidza magweta emhosva uye magweta ezvepachivande, vanofanira kugadzirira kudenha kunzvera mashoko paIndaneti apo kuchengetwa kwomutemo kwadarika miganhu yebumbiro remitemo. Kudzorwa kwemitemo kunofanira kunzvera kana hurumende yaiva nekodzero apo mumwe aidiwa, kana rugwaro rwacho rwakanga rwakati chengetedzei zvakakwana kuderedza kunzvera, uye kana papi napapi panotaurwa kunze kwokubvuma kana kuti mamiriro ezvinhu okusazivikanwa panzvimbo yapamutemo yemabhii uye kariro dzine mufungo dzekuvandikano mumashoko emichina inopa mifungo yavose kuti mashoko angava achiri kudzivirirwa apo mashoko anozivisa mashoko akananga oupenyu hwomunhu.

Dzidzo uye Kuziva Vadzidzi Pachivande

Vadzidzi vari kufunda ruramisiro yematsotsi, ruzivo rwemashoko, kana kuti michina yemichina, kunzwisisa zvinodiwa nokuda kwemashoko epaIndaneti chinhu chinokosha pakudzidza nokunyora. Kufunga kuti zvose zvinoiswa paIndaneti zvinongowanika nomunhu wose asina mugumisiro wepamutemo asi zvisina kururama uye zvine ngozi. Vadzidzi vanofanira kudzidza kuti kuisa zvinhu zviri mukati menyu paruzhinji hazvifaniri hazvo kukanganisa zvinhu zvose zvinobatanidzwa, kunyanya apo zvakabatanidzwa nevateereri vashoma kana kuti mamiriro ezvinhu akati. Mazano etsika dzetsika dzekombiyuta, uye makombiyuta okudzidzira anofanira kutaura neCVM (crective), sezvo anoshanda kunzvimbo dzemaregilamu, kubatanidza nhau dzemitezosero yetsika dzakadai [[FLT][FL:1] [FLD1]] uye [FLT][FLT] r.[3]

Masangano edzidzo anofanirawo kugovera nhungamiro kuvadzidzi pamusoro pekariro dzavo vamene dzomunhu oga paanoshandisa zvirongwa zvechikoro namasangano. Chisarudzo cheDare Rapamusorosarudzo muNew Jersey v. T.L.O.[FL.] (85) chinofanira kusimbisa kuti vakuru vakuru vechikoro vanganzvera zvinhu zvavadzidzi apo vanenge vane nyumwiro ine mufungo, asi ichi chipimo chingasatambanudzira kunzverwa kwemashoko evadzidzi akatemwa namadziro akatsaurwa, zvikurukuru apo anochengetwa pamazaunzi echikoro anoziviswa kupfurikidza namakombiyuta. Kunzwisisa kubatanidzwa pakati pemitemo yedzidzo, dziviriro dzapamutemo, uye maruramiro ezvinodikanwa zvinogona kubetsera vadzidzi kuita zvisarudzo zvakaziviswa pamusoro pemibato yavo yeInternetro yenhau dzinotengwa.

Nhungamiro Inoshanda Yokudzivirira Kuva Wega

Vanhu vanoda kudzivirira kuva kwavo voga voga vanofanira kunzwisisa misiano yepamutemo pakati pemashoko evoruzhinji echokwadi uye mashoko anoda kuti vapindure kana kuti zvimwe zvirambidzo. Kushandisa mashoko okusataura akasimba, akasimba nokuda kwenhau imwe neimwe paIndaneti kunogonesa kudzivirirwa kweChikamu cheChina cheMendendidzo Chinodiwa kuti chichengetedzwe. Kuedza kusimbisa zvinhu zviviri zvinobatsira kuwedzera kumwe kudzivirirwa kwapamutemo uyewo kudzivirira kwounyanzvi, nokuti kuarega pasina mvumo kungaumba kunzvera kunoda pamutemo. Kusarudza zvinoiswa panzvimbo yavose uye kunzwisisa purogiramu dzezviteshi zvemagaro zvemasangano enzanga kunobatsira kudzora kuwanikwa kwepamutemo kwemashoko omunhu oga.

Pavanenge vachifambidzana nemitemo inochengetwa, vanhu vanofanira kuyeuka kuti kubvumirana kuongorora maakaundi epaIndaneti hakudiwi uye kunogona kurambwa. Kana mukuru mukuru akakumbira kuhwirudzura nhoroondo yesocial network, email, kana kuti nzvimbo inochengeterwa gore, achibvunza kana gwaro ratowanikwa uye achiramba kubvuma kana risiri kodzero yepamutemo yemitemo. Kunyora mashoko epamutemo uye kunyora zita nenhamba yemabheji zvemukuru mukuru mukuru mukuru wacho zvingava uchapupu hunokosha kana mukuru mukuru wacho akaenderera mberi nokutsvaka pasina kutendwa kwaachashorwa. Vanachiremba vepamutemo vanopa zano rokugovera mashoko okuregisi kana kuti asvike maakaunzi asingabvumirwi kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kurongwa, nokuti kuwanikwa, kuwanda kungaoma kuderedza kutemwa.

Nokuda kwamasangano anobata mashoko anotapurwa, anoshandisa mitemo yokuronga mashoko inosiyanisa pakati pevanhu vose, vomukati, vakavanzika, uye mashoko akaganhurirwa anogona kugovera gadziriro yokupindura kuzvikumbiro zvehurumende. Apo kuchengetwa kwomutemo kunokumbira kuti sangano rakabatanidza serakavanzika kana kuti rakaganhurirwa, sangano rinofanira kuda rugwaro, subpoena, kana kuti mumwe muitiro wapamutemo wakafanira pamberi pokuisa dhisclosing. Kuva negadziriro yakanyorwa navashandi vakarovedzwa kubata izvi zvikumbiro kunobetsera kuita nokunowirirana uye kudzivirira sangano pamhosva dzapamutemo nokuda kwokuziviswa kusina kufanira kwemishandisi.