Kunzwisisa ukama huri pakati porudzidziso nemitemo yehurumende kunokosha nokuda kwomugari ari wose anofamba munzanga dzazvino uno dzedemokrasi. Kupesana kwokutenda negadziriro dzapamutemo zvimiro pamusoro pekodzero dzomunhu oga, muitiro wavose, uye tsinhirano yenzanga. Iyi nhungamiro yakakwana inonzvera nheyo dzebumbiro remitemo, kodzero dzakananga neganhuriro, uye revo dzinoshanda dzomutemo worudzidziso nehurumende mumativi akasiyana- siyana, inopa vagari vemo simba rokuita zvisarudzo vachiziva.

Mitemo Nemichina Yemarudzi Ose

Mitemo Yorudzi uye Kutangwa kwaClaus

Hwaro hwomutemo wehurumende yorudzidziso munyika dzakawanda hunovamba negadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo dzinodzivirira rusununguko rworudzidziso. United States Constitution’s First Amendment inovamba nenzira yakakurumbira: "Konference haisati ichizoita mutemo pamusoro pokutangwa kworudzidziso, kana kuti kurambidza kushandiswa kwarwo kwakasununguka. Iyi vimbiso yakapetwa kaviri (8) Chigadziko chaClaus neFree Specie Claus (H) inoumba gadziriro umo hurumende isingagoni kutendera kana kuti kusatendera rudzidziso rupipi nerwupi norwupiwo rudzidziso ruchinodzivirira maruramiro avanhu okushandisa kutenda kwavo.

Mabumbiro emitemo mazhinjisa ane dziviriro dzakafanana. Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms inovimbisa "Rusununguko rwehana norudzidziso" pasi peChikamu 2, nepo Mutemo weGermany waSinity uchivimbisa "rusununguko rwokutenda nehana, uye rusununguko rwokutaura chitendero chorudzidziso kana kuti chouzivi" aya mabumbiro emitemo anogadza miganhu mikuru nokuda kwechiito chomutemo, anoda hurumende kururamisa mutemo upi noupi unoremedza muitiro worudzidziso.

Chiziviso Chenyika Yose Chamaruramiro Avanhu, Chikamu 18: "Munhu ari wose ane maruramiro kurusununguko rwomufungo, hana norudzidziso; iyi maruramiro anobatanidza kuchinja rudzidziso rwake kana kuti chitendero, uye rusununguko, zvimwe munzanga kana kuti zvimwe navamwe uye muvoruzhinji kana kuti muchivandika, kuratidzira rudzidziso rwake kana kuti chitendero mukudzidzisa, muitiro, kunamata nokuchengeta.

Kupa Kodzero Dzevanhu Munyika Yose

Kunze kwebumbiro remitemo renyika dzose, mutemo wekodzero dzevanhu wemarudzi ose unogovera dzimwe dziviriro dzorusununguko rwechitendero.The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCR), yakasimbiswa nenyika 173, inobatanidza rusununguko rworudzidziso muChikamu 18. Dare reSangano Romunhu rakabudisa Mhinduro yaGeneral No. 22, iyo inojekesa kuti kodzero yokuratidza rudzidziso inotambanudzira kukunamata, kuchengeta, kushandisa, uye kudzidzisa (hwuri munhu oga oga kana kuti munzanga nevamwe.)

Zvishandiso zvenharaunda zvinobatsirawo.European Convention on Human Rights inodzivirira rusununguko rwechitendero pasi peChikamu 9, uye Dare reEurope Rekodzero Dzevanhu rakatanga kudzora zvikuru miganhu yezvitendero. Chikamu cheAfrica chekodzero dzevanhu nedzevanhu chinovimbisawo rusununguko rwechitendero. Kunzwisisa zvinhu izvi zvinobatsira vagari vemunyika yose kuti vazive kuti rusununguko rwechitendero runogamuchirwa nevanhu sekodzero huru, kunyange zvazvo kutsanangura kwarwo kuchisiyana - siyana.

Yanza yamamwe mashoko: [[Ntomba:0]ICPR Chikamu 18 parusununguko rworudzidziso[[[FT:1] uye [[FT:2] Declaration of Human Rights Article 18.

Rusununguko Rwechitendero Chakananga Rwavagari Vomunyika

Kunamata, Gungano, uye Kutaura

Vagari vemo vanowanzova nekodzero yokuungana nokuda kwokunamata kworudzidziso, kungava mumachechi, mamisikiti, masinagogi, temberi, kana kuti dzimwe nzvimbo dzakarongwa. Ikoku kunobatanidza rusununguko rwokuita mabasa, kuita tsika, uye kupinda mumunyengetero wevose mukuwirirana negamuchidzanwa rokutenda kwomunhu. Hurumende hadzifaniri kudzongonyedza nenzira isina mufungo iyi mibato, kunyange zvazvo mirau ine mufungo pamusoro poruzha, chengeteko, uye mitemo yokuvaka inoshanda zvakaenzana kumagungano orudzidziso neomunyika.

Kutaura kworudzidziso kunotambanukira kupfuura kunamata kwomuitiro kubatanidza evhangeri, kutendeutsa, uye kurukurirano yapachena yezvitendero. Zvisinei, ukuru hweidzi maruramiro hungava hwakaganhurirwa apo kutaura kunopinda mukunetswa kana kuti kumanikidzwa. U. Dare Rapamusoro reProam Revision v. Smith[FL:1] rakasimbisa kuti mitemo isingatori rutivi yokuzvidzora haida kusunungurwa kworudzidziso, kunyange zvazvo masangano mazhinji akagadza mabasa orusununguko rworudzidziso kuti agove dziviriro huru zvikuru.

Chiratidzo Chorudzidziso Nezviratidzo

Kupfekwa kwenguo dzorudzidziso − hijab, ngowani, yarmark, michinjikwa, kana kuti zvimwe zviratidzo (inharaunda inokosha yorusununguko rworudzidziso). Nyika zhinji dzinodzivirira uku kutaura seratidziro dzechitendero chorudzidziso. Munzvimbo yebasa, vashandirwi vangadikanwa kuisa zvipfeko zvorudzidziso kutoti kuchiparira nhamo isina kufanira. Zvikoro zvavose muhurumende dzakawanda zvinobvumira vadzidzi kupfeka zviratidzo zvorudzidziso, kunyange zvazvo France yakatora kusvika kworumano zvikuru kupfurikidza nenheyo yayo yeraïcité, kurambidza zviratidzo zvorudzidziso zvinooneka zvakatanhamara muzvikoro zvavose.

Kodzero dzavashandi vehurumende dzokupfeka zvipfeko zvorudzidziso dzinosiana zvikuru. Mapurisa, vatongi, uye vashandi vehondo vangatarisana nezvinodikanwa zvakafanana zvinorwisana nezvipfeko zvorudzidziso. Dzimwe nyika, kubatanidza United Kingdom neCanada, dzakagara zvipfeko zvorudzidziso zvishoma nezvishoma nokuda kwamapurisa, nepo dzimwe dzichichengeta mitemo yorumano. Vagari vanofanira kunzwisisa mitemo yavo yakananga pamusoro pezvipfeko zvorudzidziso mugadziriro dzebasa.

Kuchengetwa Kwemazororo neSabata

Nyika dzakawanda dzinoda vashandirwi kuti vape pokugara pakanaka, zvakadai sokubvumira nguva yokumbozorora kumazororo echitendero kana kuti kubvumira kuchinja kwemashifiti kuti kuchengeterwe Sabata.

Vagari vemo vanofanira kuziva kodzero dzavo dzokukumbira pokugara uye nzira dzokuita nadzo. MuUnited States, Mutezo VII weChibvumirano Chekodzero Dzevanhu vose unoda kuti vashandirwi vagamuchire miitiro yechitendero yevashandi kunze kwokunge vaita izvozvo zvichikonzera dambudziko risiri madikanwa.

Kuramba Kutungamirirwa Nehana Uye Basa Rehondo

Nyika dzakawanda dzinoziva kodzero yokuramba basa rehondo nemhaka yehana yakavakirwa pazvitendero zvechitendero kana kuti zvetsika. Kodzero iyi inodzivirirwa pasi pomutemo wekodzero dzevanhu vemarudzi ose, kunyange zvazvo kushanda kwayo kuchisiyana. Dzimwe nyika dzinopa rimwe basa risiri rehondo, nepo dzimwe dzichiisa zvirango kune avo vanoramba zvimiro zvose zvebasa. Kuramba kwokungwarira kunotambanukira kupfuura basa rehondo kuti zvibatanidze miitiro yakati yezvokurapa, kudzivirira, uye zvimwe zvinodikanwa zvehurumende zvinorwisana nezvitendero zvorudzidziso zvapachokwadi.

Miganhu Neganhuriro Pamuitiro Worudzidziso

Kuchengeteka Kwevanhu Vose Noutano

Hurumende dzingaganhurira miitiro yorudzidziso iyo inoparira tyisidziro dzechokwadi kuchengeteko yavose, utano, kana kuti nhevedzano. Dare kazhinji kazhinji rinoshandisa nzvero yorumano, richida kuti hurumende iratidzire fariro inogombedzera uye kushandisa mitoo miduku inobvira.Mienzaniso inobatanidza:

  • [ Chibairo chapanyika chingadzorwa mumitemo youtano neutsinye
  • kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinodzorwa mumiitiro yorudzidziso kungarambidzwa mumitemo yemirimo, kunyange zvazvo mamwe mativi achigovera kunze kwepeyote nezvimwe zvinhu zvegamuchidzanwa
  • [ Pyrotechnics nekotsekano yomwoto mukati memitambo yorudzidziso ingava pasi pemirau yavose
  • ganhuriro dzePremetic [ pakuunganidza dzakatapura mabasa orudzidziso, kuchimutsa mibvunzo yebumbiro remitemo pamusoro pokurapa kwakaenzana

Venga Kutaura Nenyevero

Kuratidzira kworudzidziso kunopinda mukutaura kworuvengo, kunyandurira kumasimba masimba, kana kuti rusaruro kazhinji kazhinji hakuna kudzivirirwa. Nyika zhinji dzine mitemo inorambidza kutaura kunodenha vanhu kana kuti mapoka akavakirwa parudzidziso. Dzikamo yakakomba pakati pokushandisa kwakasununguka nemitemo inorwisana netsvina inopfuurira kuva mhindu, zvikurukuru pamusoro pa:

  • Mharidzo dzinoshurikidza mamwe marudzidziso kana kuti zvimiro zvevatano
  • Mabhuku echitendero anosimudzira pfungwa dzokufungidzira dzinokuvadza
  • Mashoko ari paIndaneti anonyandura masimba masimba mukurwisana nezvitendero zviduku
  • Kutendeutsa kunosanganisira kunetsa kana kuti kumanikidza

Roorano Nomutemo Wemhuri

Dzidziso dzorudzidziso pamusoro peroorano, chatanuro, uye kodzero yokuchengeta mwana kazhinji kazhinji dzinorwisana nomutemo wenyika. Nyika zhinjisa dzinoda kuti mitambo yeroorano yavagari vemo ibvumwe pamutemo, nepo roorano dzorudzidziso dzingava kana kuti dzingasava netapuro yapamutemo. Barika kazhinji kazhinji harina kutenderwa napamutemo munyika dzokuMadokero pasinei zvapo nokugamuchirwa kwaro mumagamuchidzanwa orudzidziso. Zvisarudzo zvokuchengeta vana zvingapesvedzerwa nemiitiro yorudzidziso yavabereki, asi matare anoisa panzvimbo yefariro dzakanakisisa dzomwana, achigona kuganhurira dzidzo yorudzidziso kana kuti miitiro inorangarirwa kuva inokuvadza.

Miitiro Yokurapa Negarikano Yavana

Kunyange zvazvo vakuru vane kodzero yokuramba kurapwa kwavo vamene, matare angapindira kudzivirira vana. Matare akarayira kurapa kunoponesa vaduku pamusoro pezvirambidzo zvorudzidziso zvavabereki mumativi akawanda. Kununurwa nezvinodikanwa zvenhomba nokuda kwezvikonzero zvorudzidziso kunosiyana zvikuru, kunyange zvazvo ivo vakava vanoitirana nharo nenzira inowedzera mukati memigariro youtano yavose.

Kupesana Kwomutemo Wechitendero uye Mutemo Wehurumende

Dzidzo: Chirongwa, Munyengetero, uye Kutsigira Mari

Dzidzo yavose inoramba ichidzika miganhu pakati porusununguko rwechitendero nehurumende.

  • [ Munyengetero wechikoro unorambidzwa muzvikoro zvehurumende muUnited States asi unobvumidzwa kana kuti unodikanirwa mune dzimwe nyika
  • Nharo dzemhindumupindu nedzidziso yokusika dzinopfuurira pamusoro pesayenzi
  • [ muraidzo worudzidziso muzvikoro zvavose unovambira pamakirasi okusarudza kusvikira kudzidzo yorudzidziso inogombedzerwa
  • [ Mari yeHurumende yezvikoro zvechitendero kupfurikidza nezvibvumikiso kana kuti zvikwereti zvemitero inomutsa mibvunzo yechitsama chamashoko
  • LGBTQ+ redission inorwisana nezvirambidzo zvorudzidziso nokudzidzisa pamusoro pechimiro chevatano nechizivikanwo chevatano

Kutarisira Utano: Kubereka Kodzero, Kurapa, Kuguma Kwoupenyu

Miitiro yokutarisira utano inowanzobatana nezvitendero zvorudzidziso. Zvipatara zvorudzidziso navanopa tarisiro dzoutano zvingaramba kuita miitiro yakati, kubatanidza kubvisa pamuviri, kuvhara kubereka, uye kudzivirira kurapa kwevarume nevakadzi. Zvikamu zvehana zvinodzivirira nyanzvi dzezvokurapa dzinoramba kutora rutivi mumaitiro pazvikonzero zvorudzidziso, asi idzi dziviriro dzingaganhurira kusvika kwomurwere. Kuguma kwezvisarudzo zvoupenyu, kubatanidza kuzviuraya kwavanachiremba nokubviswa kwoupenyu, zvinopesvedzerwa nemirangariro yorudzidziso uye zvakatungamirira kumitemo mune dzimwe zviremera.

Basa: Kugara uye kusasarura

Nzvimbo dzokugara dzorudzidziso kumabasa inharaunda inodenha yomutemo. Vashandirwi vanofanira kazhinji kazhinji kugamuchira miitiro yorudzidziso yavashandi kutoti kuita saizvozvo kuchiparira nhamo isakafanira. Mienzaniso inobatanidza:

  • Ronga Kugadziridza Kuchengeta Sabata
  • Kubvumira zvipfeko uye kutsvinda kwechitendero
  • Kupa nzvimbo yokunyengetera mumaawa ebasa
  • Kuvhiringidzwa nerovedzo yakasiyana - siyana inorwisana nezvitendero zvorudzidziso

Machechi nemasangano ezvitendero anogona kutsvaga masangano ezvitendero zvechitendero uye anoda kuti varambe vachitevedzera mitemo yechitendero.

Kushandisa Zvinhu Zvokushambidza Nezvokushandisa

Masangano orudzidziso anofanira kuwirirana nemitemo yokugadzika, kunyange zvazvo madzoro akawanda achigovera dziviriro chaidzo. The Religious Land Use and Institutive Persons Act (RLUIPA) muUnited States inodzivisa hurumende dzomunzvimbomo kuisa mitoro mikuru pakushandiswa kworudzidziso kupfurikidza nemitemo yokuronga pasina ruramiso inogombedzera. Vagari vanobatanidzwa murwisano dzorudzidziso dzenyika dzinofanira kunzwisisa idzi dziviriro dzapamutemo.

Mirangariro Yemaoresa: Masangano Ezvemutemo Orudzidziso

Mitezo Isina Kukosha

Nyika dzinochengeta kupesana pakati pamasangano orudzidziso nechiremera chehurumende.France inoshanda pasi peLaïcité, ichiganhurira ratidziro yorudzidziso munzvimbo dzavose. United States inoita mitoo yakawanda yokugara munzvimbo dzavose, ichibvumira ratidziro yorudzidziso muupenyu hwapachena ichiva ichirambidza kutangwa kwehurumende.

Nyika Dzine Marudzidziso Akasimbiswa

Nyika dzinoverengeka dzinochengeta marudzidziso ehurumende apo dzinodzivirira rusununguko rworudzidziso.United Kingdom ine Chechi yeEngland sechechi yakagadzwa, kunyange zvazvo mutemo uchigovera dziviriro huru nokuda kwamamwe zvitendero. Denmark neNorway dzine chechi dzehurumende dzeLutheran, nepo Israeri achizvirondedzera amene sehurumende yechiJudha achidzivirira mamwe marudzidziso.

Gadziriro Dzoubati Ushe hwaMwari Nedzesharia

Dzimwe nyika dzinobatanidza mutemo worudzidziso negadziriro dzadzo dzapamutemo.Iran inoshandisa mutemo weSharia kupfurikidza nechirongwa chawo chapamutemo chechiIslam, nepo Saudi Arabia inovakira gadziriro yayo yapamutemo padudziro dzemitemo dzechiIslam dzinogarovapo. Dzimwe nyika, kubatanidza Nigeria neIndonesia, dzine miitiro yakavhengana umo matare orudzidziso anobata nhau dzomutemo wemhuri nokuda kwenzanga dzakananga dzorudzidziso. Vagari vomuidzimo vanotarisana namaruramiro neganhuriro dzakasiana nedziya dziri munyika dzenyika.

Gakava Razvino Nomutemo Unobatanidza

Kudzorerwa Kworusununguko Rworudzidziso Mabasa (RFRA)

Mumhinduro kuzvisarudzo zvedare zvinoganhurira kusunungurwa kworudzidziso, zviremera zvakawanda zvakagadza mitemo yeRFRA. Iyi mitemo inoda kuti hurumende ishandise kunzvera kwakakomba pakuremedza rudzidziso, kunyange mumitemo isingatori rutivi. RFRA yehurumende muUnited States yakashandiswa mumhaka dzinobatanidza kubhadharwa kwedrima, misha yomuchato nokuda kwavaroorani voutere, uye maruramiro orudzidziso avasungwa. Vatsoropodzi vanoramba kuti dziviriro dzakafara dzeRFRA dzinogona kusekesa mitemo inorwisana nemitemo yetsika dzavanhu nemiraugwinyi.

LGBTQ+ Kodzero nemitemo yechitendero

Zvichida nzvimbo inokakavadzana zvikurusa yerwisano yazvino uno yorudzidziso inobatanidza mhesano yeLGBTQ+ kodzero norusununguko rworudzidziso. Nhau huru dzinobatanidza:

  • Vatengesi vemichato vanoramba kuitirwa bhizimisi nevakomana nevakadzi vakaroorana
  • Masangano okurera vana vakasununguka anoderera kugoverwa kwevana vane kutenda
  • Mitemo yechikoro pamusoro pevadzidzi vanochinja zvivako uye kukwanisa kupinda
  • Vatarisiri vezvoutano vanoramba kutarisirwa kwevarume nevakadzi
  • Kusachinja basa kupesana. Vashandirwi vorudzidziso vanohesvura basa

Matare anopfuurira kuvandudza miganhu iri pakati pokushandisa kworudzidziso nokurapa kwakaenzana, nenhau dzinosvika matare makurusa munyika dzakawanda.

Zviratidzo Zvorudzidziso Munzvimbo Dzavose

Kuratidzirwa kwezviratidzo zvorudzidziso panzvimbo dzehurumende /_majekiseni pahoro dzeguta, zviyereso zvine Gumi, mhedziso panyika yavose(nzinora mheni dzinopfuurira. Dare reEurope rekodzero dzavanhu rakataura michinjikwa mukirasi dzeItaly, nepo matare eU.S. anoshandisa nzvero yeLemon kana kuti muedzo wokuyera denho dzokugadzwa kwemashoko. Vagari vemone vanofanira kunzwisisa kuti kuva pamutemo kweratidziro dzakadaro kunotsamira pamashoko, donzo, uye muuyo mukuru.

Kusunungurwa Kwokutenda Mumitemo Yokugara Yavose

Sezvo mitemo inorwisana nekusawirirana ichikura kudzivirira LGBTQ+ vanhu, masangano ezvitendero anotsvaka kusabvumirwa nezvinodiwa kuti ape mabasa kana kuti zvivako. Kusawirirana pakati pezvigaro zvorudzidziso nokuwana kwakaenzana kunoramba kusingagadziriswi, nemasimba akasiyana - siyana achisvika mhedziso dzakasiyana. Dzimwe nyika dzakaregeredza zvakajeka masangano ezvitendero kubva kumitemo yepokugara, nepo mamwe achida kuwirirana nezvisingawirirani.

Nhungamiro Inoshanda Nokuda Kwavagari Vemo

Kudzika mitemo yechitendero neyomutemo wehurumende kunoda kuva mugari wemo anoshingaira uye kuita zvisarudzo uchiziva. Funga nezvenhano dzinotevera:

  • [ Ziva bumbiro rako remitemo. Nzwisisa gadziriro dzorusununguko rworudzidziso mubumbiro remitemo renyika yako kana kuti magwaro akaenzana okuvamba.
  • [ nzvera mitemo chaiyo. Uzive nomutemo unotapura muitiro worudzidziso munharaunda yako, kubatanidza pokugara nokuda kwebasa, dzidzo, uye kutarisirwa kwoutano.
  • [ mutemo weMonitor. Nhepfenyuro inokarakadzwa iyo ingatapura rusununguko rworudzidziso, kubatanidza zviteshi zvinorwisana neshanje, zvikwereti zveRFRA, uye mirau youtano yavanhu.
  • [ Tsvaka zano remitemo. Kana miitiro yako yorudzidziso ichitarisana nedenho yapamutemo, bvunza magweta anonyanyoisa murusununguko rworudzidziso.
  • Ratidzai noruremekedzo. Mutsigiri wamaruramiro enyu orudzidziso nepo achiremekedza kodzero dzevamwe nezvitendero. Zvigadzikiso zvapamutemo zvinotsigirwa zvikurusa zvinobuda mukurukurirano panzvimbo pokupa.
  • [ kurukurirano yokutenda kwakasiyana - siyana. Kunzwisisa mifungo yorudzidziso yakasiana - siana kunobetsera kuvaka mibatanidzwa inodzivirira rusununguko rworudzidziso nokuda kwavose.

mhedziso

Ukama pakati porudzidziso nomutemo wehurumende hunoshamisa, hunoratidzira kurukurirano dzinopfuurira pakati pekodzero dzomunhu oga, garikano yavanhu, uye mipimo mizhinji. Vagari vanonzwisisa dziviriro dzavo dzebumbiro remitemo, mutemo wakafanira, uye kuronga pamutemo zvinobatanidzwa vakagadzirira zviri nani kushandisa kodzero dzavo nenzira ine mufungo uye kupinda nenzira inovaka. Sezvo nzanga dzinova dzakasiana zvikuru, dzikamo pakati porusununguko rworudzidziso nedzimwe fariro dzinokosha ichapfuurira kushanduka, kuraira vagari vemo vakadzidza kutora rutivi mukuumba mitemo inovadzora.

Inzwano yokunze: Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life chirongwa nokuda kwokunzvera mashoko norusununguko rworudzidziso munyika yose.