Hwaro: Kwakabva Mitemo

Mitemo inoumba anenge rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hwazvino uno() kukura kwemhepo nemvura, kukotsekano yenzvimbo yebasa, mitero yatinoripira, uye maruramiro atinawo. Bva, kuvagari vazhinji, mutoo uyo mufungo wakapfava unopinzwa nawo kuva mutemo wapamutemo unobatira unoramba uri chakavanzika chakajeka. Kunzwisisa urwu rwendo harusati rwuri bedzi rovedzo yehurumende; iko kumirako yougari hwemo hunoshingaira uye chishandiso chine simba chokuita kuti hurumende izvidavirire. Apo unoziva kuti tsika inoshanda sei, unodzidza nzira yokushanda nayo.

Pamberi pokunzvera nhano nenhano nzira yemitemo, kunokosha kunzwisisa uko mitemo inogamuchira chiremera chayo. MuUnited States, hurumende yehurumende inoshanda mugadziriro yamasimba akarongwa akapiwa neBumbiro remitemo. Iri boka rinogona bedzi kuita munzvimbo dzakarongwa zvakananga muChikamu I, Chikamu 8, zvakadai sokupa mari yokudzora kutengeserana, uye kuzivisa hondo. Masimba ose haana kurongwa anochengeterwa masangano kana kuti vanhu. Iri boka rinoumba nzvimbo dzapamutemo mbiri dzakasiana: mutemo womutemo nomutemo.

Zvirevo, Mitemo, uye Zvirango

Rimwe ramapfundo anozivikanwa zvikurusa okunyonganisa mukuita mutemo musiyano pakati pomutemo, murairo, uye mutemo. A itsika imutemo unopfuudzwa nedare remitemo (Conarference) pamwero wehurumende, kana kuti chigadziko chehurumende pamwero wehurumende. Zvisinei, mirau inowanzonyorwa zvakafara. Kuzadza udzame, masangano anogadza chiremera kumasangano ebazu kuti aite . Somuenzaniso, Creat Act (agract) Acts anoona mhoteredzoas (EPA) kuganhurira mhepo inoshatiswa, asi EPA inonyora miraudzo yezvo yemiitiro yebasa pa [FOLT], yokupedzisira mitemo yemapazuro yemapazuro, [FFON]:[FT] Mitemposso].

Rwendo Rwomutemo: Nzira Iyo Bhiri Rinova Nayo Mutemo

Rwendo rwegweta inzira yamaune, uye inowanzova inonetsa, kufamba nomubazu remitemo. Pamwero wehurumende, uyu muitiro unoitiswa muUnited States Congress, iyo inoumbwa namakamuri maviri: Imba yaVamiriri neDare. Nepo muitiro wacho wakafanana zvikuru mumitemo yemitemo yehurumende, mitemo yakananga inogona kusiana zvikuru. Matanho akarongwa pano anomirira muenzaniso wehurumende.

Kugadzira Nokutanga

Mutengo unogona kunyorwa nomunhu upi noupi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [[FFLT] . R. kana kuti [FLT:][FLT:]S.[3][3]

Nzvero yeDare: Musangano WeCongress

Matare anowanzonzi "Marojakiti eChibvumirano," uye nokuda kwechikonzero chakanaka. Ndiko kunoitiswa basa gurusa remitemo. Gwaro rinonongedzerwa kudare rinotumirwa kudare resechero nokuda kwehwirudzuro. Dare rinomanikidzirwa kudare rinobatira pamutemo. Dare duku rinotora [[FLT:] purogiramu yemabhii [[FLT:], apo mitezo inokakavara mutsetse nomutsetse wechipiriso. Kana dare rapambuyo rato rehurumende kuti rivandudze vagari vebasa uye riipedze. Kana rikatenderesa vagari vemo.

Kana dare rikaramba kuita chiito, kamuri rakazara rinogona kushandisa chikumbiro kumanikidza mutengo kubuda mudare uye kuuriri. Zvisinei, ikoku kunoda vhoti yoruzhinji (218 siginicha muImba) uye hakuwanzobudirira. Muitiro wedare unorongedzerwa kuchenesa mutemo kupfurikidza nemutengi nomunzvero. mutungamiriri wedare anotsanangura, dare iputi ibwe rinofanira kupfuura naro mutemo mukuru wose.

Kuita Nezvomutambarakede: Kukakavadzana Nokudzidzisa

Kana mutengo wangoshumwa bedzi mudare, unomirira kurangarirwa. MuImba, dare rine simba rinogadza mashoko ekurukurirano (_FLT:1] `noronga kuti idzodzodzoi dzinogona kupiwa uye kuti ikurukurirano ichagara kwenguva yakareba sei. Iyi inozivikanwa se "mirau yakatanhamara." MuDare, kurukurirano inowanzova isina kuganhurirwa, rutivi runobvumira Filister, apo mutemitesi anotaura nokuda kwamaawa okunonoka kana kuti vhota. Nzira bedzi yokugumisa nayo mufiki inoda kukumbira [[FLT:]]

Mukurukurirano youriri, mitezo inogona kukarakadza kugadziriswa. MuImba, kugadziridzwa kunofanira kuva "germane" (kubva kupepa). MuDare, kugadziriswa kusati kuri bhirineti, kunozivikanwa se "varidzi," kazhinji kazhinji kunobatanidzwa pazvikwereti zvakakurumbira kumanikidzira kutora. Pashure pekurukurirano inoguma, mavhoti ose eimba. Kana voruzhinji vakasarudza zvakanaka, pamutemo unoenda kune imwe kamuri kuvamba muitiro wose patsva zvakare.

Dare Rechipiri Nokuyananiswa

Kuti chibvumirano chive mutemo, Imba neDare zvinofanira kupfuura shanduro dzorugwaro. Kana kamuri rechipiri rikaita chinjo (inenge nguva dzose) inodzokera kunzvimbo yokutanga nokuda kwokubvumirana. Kana dzimba dzisingagoni kubvumirana pamisiyano yadzo, dare [[FLT:] rekubvumirana. Dare iri rechinguvana rinoumbwa nemitezo mikuru inobva kudzimba dzose dziri mbiri dzinobvumirana pane zvisina kufanira. Mushumo unovapo somuuyo "Referefey" igweta imwe, yakabatana inofanira kupfuudzwa yose, pasina kumwezve kupfuudzwa, namakamu ose ari maviri.

Chiito Chine Chiremera: Chisaini Nezvinoiswa Pachena

Pashure pokunge mutemo wafanana wapfuvura makamuri ose ari maviri, unotumirwa kuMutungamiriri weUnited States. Mutungamiriri wehurumende ane zvisarudzo zvina pasi peChikamu I, Chikamu 7 cheBumbiro reMitemo. Vanogona kuisa pamutemo wacho [, unoita kuti uiite mutemo nokukurumidza kana kuti musi womunguva yemberi. Vanogona kupepa [[FLT]] kupepa [[FLT]] [[FUTS]] , kana kuti kudzosa zuva rimwe chete. [Izuva]

Kukunda Munyu

A desidenti rekudzosa. Congress inesimba rokukurira kuvhota kupfurikidza nembiri-tatu dzematoyi makuru mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri. Kana matatu maviri eImba uye matatu maviri edare rivhota kuti apfuurezve bhiri racho, inova mutemo pamusoro pezvirambidzo zvaPrezidhendi. Ichi chiteshi chakaoma kusangana, uye munhau, inenge 4% yevetoes yave isingadzokerwi. Nokuda kwokunyungurira zvikuru mumuitiro uyu wakananga, .GOGO inogovera kufungwa kwakajeka kwakajeka, kusingabviri kwechipo chaPro chaPureziro.[FOT:1]

Kupfuura Mutemo: Simba Rebazu Rinotungamirira

Kushandisa simba iri kwakakura uye kazhinji kunoita kuti pave nemitemo inosungirwa zviri pamutemo kunze kwetsika dzinoshandiswa nevehurumende.

Mirayiridzo Yakananga uye metranda

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Kutonga Kunoitwa

Pano ndipo apo basa rine udzame rokuita mitemo rinoitika kunze kweCongress. Pasi peAdministrative Procedure Act (APA), masangano ehurumende anofanira kutevera mutoo "nongedzero netsinhiro" kuti adavire mirau mitsva. Sangano inobudisa mutemo unokarakadzwa mu Féderal Register[[[[FLL:1]]. Vanhu vanokokwa kuzopa tsinhiro, uye mashoko pamusoro pomutemo unokarakadzwa. Sangano racho rinofanira kurava zviri pamutemo, rinopindura nhau dzinokosha, uye rinotsanangura kurangarira kwaro mumutemo wokupedzisira. Ikoku kwakananga, kune simba, uye kazhinji nzira inoiswa pasi pepesvedzero yomutemo. Unogona kutora rutivi mutsika iyi nhasi kupfurikidza

Bazu Rokutonga: Kududzira Mutemo

Basa rematare harisi rokuita mutemo, asi kuridudzira uye kuona kuti mutemo waro ndewakaita sei.

Kuhwirudzura Kutonga

Nheyo ye yehwirudzuro yedare. Iyi simba inobvumira gadziriro yedare kuzivisa mutemo, kana kuti chiito chedare. Apo dare rinoputsa mutemo mu Marbury v. Madison [183] [183]. Iri simba rinobvumira kuti dare rizivise mutemo, kana kuti chiito chedare, chisingawiriraniswi. Parinotonga rinodzosera mutemo, unodzoserwa kudimugovero kana kuti risavapo. Nhau dzakafanana ne [FLT:] Brown v. Dare reD [195]) rinobvumira mutemo unoparadza rudzi, apo [FLD:] [5]

Chishandiso Chomugari Wemo: Kuisa Mitemo Pamutemo

Chisina kururama ndechekuti kuita mitemo mubato wakavharwa unochengeterwa vezvamatongerwe enyika navanokwidziridza vanhu. Kutaura idi, vagari vemo vanoziva uye vavimbisana vane mativi akawanda ezvokushandisa kuti vagadzirise zvirongwa zvemitemo. Mashoko enhau anokurukurwa muchidimbu pamusoro peizvi; heno tinowedzera mashandisirwe azvo nenzira inobudirira.

Simba Remisikanzwa

Chiito chimwe chete chinotapura zvikurusa icho mugari wemo anogona kuita kuvhota. Nhutu dzinosarudza kuti ndiani anokumirira mumitemo, mukuru mukuru, uye mudare. Kuvhota mu rvhota horrintal[ ine simba guru, sezvo izvi kazhinji kazhinji zvine nhambo yakaderera zvikuru, kureva boka duku ravagari vemo rinogona kuva nepesvedzero huru zvikuru pana ani anooneka parusarudzo. Midterm, inosarudza kudzorwa kweChibvumirano kunze kwegore rapurezidhendi, zvinoitika zvokuchengetemwa zvikuru asi zvine miuyo mikuru nokuda kwokuita mutemo pamwero mukurusa.

Kubatanidzwa Kwakananga Nevamiririri

Mitezo yeCongress nevanogadza mitemo yehurumende inokumbirwa kumirira zvikamu zvavo. Vanopa ngwariro yapedyo kutsamba dzinobatanidzwa nemhaka yokuti inovaudza kuti inhaui dzinokosha kumusha. Pakuonana nomumiriri wako, iva akananga[. Nhamba yacho chaiyo (mg., ]R. 1234] kana [[FLT:]]S.57], inotaura kuti chinzvimbo chako, uye tsanangura kuti muromo wako ungaitei sei, mhuri yako, kana kuti nzanga yako.

Kupindurawo Panguva Dzokupindura

Sezvambotaurwa, kuronga mitemo kunoda kutevedzerwa nevanhu. Kupa mashoko avose pamusoro pemurayiro unokarakadzwa inzira yakananga yokupesvedzera nayo mutemo. Haufaniri kuva gweta. Makambani anotsvaka mhinduro duku yedavidzo yedavidzo ye(data, kuongorora zvemari, kana kuti ruzivo chairwo rwenyika urwo vangave vakapotsa. Tsinhiro yakasanofungwa nemugari wemo mumwe pane dzimwe nguva inogona kuchinja nzira yemitemo mikuru.

Kutendeseka, Magirasroots Mivengo, uye Kuvaka Kwemakemikari

Apo manzwi mamwe namamwe anobatanidza, anoita korasi ine simba. Masangano eGrassoots akasunda dzimwe chinjo dzapamutemo dzinokosha zvikurusa munhau, kubatanidza Civil Rights Act ya1946 uye kukura kwedziviriro dzemhoteredzo. Kuronga nhimbe yokunyora tsamba, kutanga chikumbiro, kusimudzira kuziva pazvinobudisa nhau zvenzanga, kana kuti kuita mubatanidzwa namasangano ane mufungo anogona kunyandura inzwi rimwe iro vaiti vemitemo vasingagoni kufuratira. Chinokosha ingwariro chakananga uye chinopfuurira.

Chikonzero Nei Kune Nhau Dzovagari Vomunyika Vakadzidza

Ubati ushe hwehurumende hunosarudzwa navanhu hausi mutambo wevaoni, tsika yacho yakagadzirirwa kuva inorerutsa uye inononoka zvikuru kubvumira kuti vanhu vataure uye kudzivisa zvisarudzo zvokukurumidzira.

Kuzvidavirira Nokuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka

Kana vanhu vakanzwisisa kuti mutemo unova mutemo wakadini, vanogona kutsvaga kuti ndiani ari kuvhota, ndiani ari kutsigira zvirongwa zvevamiririri vavo, uye kuti ndezvipi zviri kutsigira. Iyi ndiyo nzira yokutanga yokuzvidzivirira pauori uye kubatwa kwemitemo.

Kurwisa Kusanzwisisana

Kunzwisisa muitiro wacho mushonga une simba wokubvisa mashoko. Apo mumwe munhu anonzwa kutaura kwokuti "vapfuudza bhiri iri pasina kurirava," kana kuti "iri rakakurumidziswa," mugari wemo anoziva nhano dzinokosha dzinodikanwa nokuda kwokupfuura uye anogona kuyera kuva kwechokwadi kweshoko racho. Kuziva muitiro wemitemo kunobetsera vanhu kuderedza ruzha uye kuisa ngwariro pazvinhu chaizvoizvo zvomutemo.

Mugumisiro: Basa Rokutonga Rinogoveranwa

Nzira inobva kupfungwa inodzikatidza irefu, inoita kuti pave nezvipingamupinyi. Idzi mhinganidzo, kwete zvipukanana, zvakagadzirirwa kumanikidza kurangarira, kukurudzira kubvumirana, uye kuvakira bvumirano. Kuvagari vomunyika imwe neimwe, muitiro wacho unogona kuratidzika kuva unononozeka kana kuti unodzorwa. Asi, iyi nhanho yamaune inoparira mativi akawanda okupinda uko vagari vemo vanogona kupindira uye kunzwiwa. Simba rokupesvedzera mutemo harisi muchiratidzo chimwe chikuru, asi mukushanda kusingachinjiki, kuzivikanwa, uye kutora rutivi runoshanda kwavadzorwi.

Kupfurikidza nokudzidza mitemo yomutambo, unozvishongedzera umene kuti uite. Kupfurikidza nokuvhota, kubatanidzwa navamiriri, uye kutora rutivi munzvimbo yavose, unoita mabasa anodikanwa kutsigira republic ine utano. Kugadzira mitemo haisi basa reWashington chete; ibasa rinogoveranwa ravagari vemo vose vanodavira kuti nzanga yokuzvibetsera ichiri hwaro hwakanakisisa nokuda kwenguva yemberi yakarurama neyakabudirira.