Bazu guru rinomira serimwe ramativi matatu makuru ehurumende yeUnited States, richishanda pamwe chete namapazu emitemo neatongi kuchengeta gadziriro yecheki nedzikamo zvinorondedzera hurumende yeAmerica. Sezvo bazu rinooneka zvikurusa nerakaratidzirwa rehurumende, bazu guru rinotonga rinobata rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hwezuva nezuva muAmerica, kubva kuchengeteko yenyika neukama hwedzimwe nyika kusvikira kumiitiro yezvoutano nedziviriro yemhoteredzo. Kunzwisisa kuti bazi rino rinoshanda sei, masimba aro, ganhuriro, uye mubatanidzwa mukurusa wamasangano amasangano anoshanda ayo ari madikanwa nokuda kwomugari wemo upi noupi ari wose anotsvaka kunzwisisa kuti hurumende yazvo inoshanda sei.

Iyi nhungamiro inobatanidza zvose inoputsa bazu ravakuru vakuru mumutauro wakajeka, ichinzvera nheyo dzaro dzebumbiro remitemo, mitoro yaro, gadziriro yesangano, uye nzira yarinotapura nadzo upenyu hweAmerica. Ungave uri mudzidzi, mugari wemo anoitira hanya, kana kuti kungoda kuziva pamusoro pemiitiro yehurumende, nyaya ino ichakupa nzwisiso yakakwana yezvinoitwa nebazu gurusa uye nei ichikosha.

Fandesheni Yebumbiro Romutemo Rine Simba

Bazu guru rinowana chiremera charo muChikamu II cheConstitution yeUnited States, icho chinogadza hofisi yaPurezidhendi uye chinoronga masimba makuru nemitoro zvomukuru mukuru.Framers weBumbiro reMitemo rakarongedza bazu guru kuva rakasimba zvakakwana kuita chiito nenzira yakasimba munguva dzenjodzi nepo richiramba richizvidavirira kuvanhu kupfurikidza nesarudzo yenguva dzose uye kudzorwa nokutarisirwa namamwe mapazu ehurumende.

Mutevedzeri weBumbiro reMitemo anoisa simba ravakuru vakuru mumunhu mumwe chete.(w) Mutungamiriri weUnited States (anoshanda sezvose zviri zviviri musoro wehurumende uye mukuru wehurumende. Izvi zvinosiyana negadziriro dzeparamende umo mabasa aya anowanzoparadzaniswa. Purezidhendi anosarudzwa kugore mana uye, achitevera kunyorwa kwe 22nd Amendment muna 1951, anogona kushanda mashoko maviri. Iyi muganhu weshoko wakatangwa pashure paFranklin D. Roosevelt yakaputsa muenzaniso wegamuchidzanwa wenhambo mbiri kupfurikidza nokuwina sarudzo ina dzapurezidhendi dzinotevedzana.

Vice Purezidhendi, akatangwawo neChikamu II, anobatira somutsivi wapamberi pePurezidhendi uye anotungamirira paDare, achivhota zvisungo zvinodzongonyedza apo zvinenge zviri madikanwa. Kunze kweaya mabasa ebumbiro remitemo, Vatungamiriri vehurumende vanowanzotora mitoro yokuwedzera yakagoverwa naPuerrente, kazhinji kazhinji vachinangidzira ngwariro panzvimbo chaidzo dzemiitiro kana kuti kubatira somutungamiriri wezvinokosha.

Masimba Apasi Anotonga Mitemo

Masimba aya akatsanangurwa, akawedzerwa, uye dzimwe nguva akakwikwidzwa munhau yose yeAmerica, asi anoramba ari mavambo ebasa roupurezidhendi.

Mutungamiriri Muchiremera Chikuru

Purezidhendi anobatira saMutungamiriri mukuru wamauto ane zvombo, achipa hofisi hurusa yebazu pamusoro pezviito zvehondo. Iri simba rinobvumira Purezidhendi kutungamirira gadziriro dzehondo, kutumira mauto, uye kupindura tyisidziro paUnited States. Zvisinei, Bumbiro reMitemo rinopa Congress simba rokuzivisa hondo, kuvamba gadziriro yokubatanidzwa kwebasa rehondo. Muchiito, vaPrezidhendi kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vakaisa mauto kurwisa mabasa pasina kuzivisa kwetsika kwehondo, kuchitungamirira kunharo dzinopfuurira pamusoro pechiremera chesimba rehondo.

War Powers Resolution ya 1973 yakaedza kujekesa ukama uhwu kupfurikidza nokurayira Purezidhendi kuzivisa Congress mukati mamaawa 48 okuita mauto muchiito chehondo uye kubvisa masimba pashure pamazuva 60 kutoti Congress ikabvumira chiito chinopfuurira. Pasinei zvapo nouyu mutemo, kusawirirana pakati pechiremera chehurumende nechemitemo pamusoro pezviito zvehondo kunopfuurira kusvikira kuzuva rino.

Kuumba Chibvumirano uye Ukama Hwemamwe Marudzi

Purezidhendi ane mutoro mukuru wokuitisa muitiro wokumwe nokumirira United States munhau dzamarudzi ose. Ikoku kunobatanidza kutaurirana nezvibvumirano namarudzi okumwe, kunyange zvazvo zvibvumirano zvakadaro zvichida kuvadziko nevhoti mbiri ne 3 muDare. Purezidhendi anogadzawo nhume kumirira fariro dzeAmerica kunze kwenyika, kupfurikidza nokusimbiswa neDare.

Zvibvumirano izvi zvava zvishandiso zvinozivikanwa zvikuru zvemitemo yokumwe, zvichibvumira bazi guru kuchinjika kukuru muukama hwemarudzi ose. Mutungamiriri wehurumende anewo simba rokuziva hurumende dzokumwe, chishandiso chinokosha chehurumende dzinogona kuumba ukama hwenyika yose uye zvematongerwe enyika zvomunharaunda.

Simba Rokugadza

Purezidhendi anogadza vanhu vamwe navamwe kuti vazadzise nzvimbo huru muhurumende yose yehurumende, kubatanidza vanyori veCabinet, vatongi vehurumende, vatongi veDare rapamusorosoro, nhume, uye vakuru vakuru vemasangano akazvimirira. Kuwanda kwakawanda kweidzi kunoda kusimbiswa neDare, kugovera chekero pasimba roukuru. Uku kugadza kunobvumira Purezidhendi kuita gadziriro yokuumba muhurumende yose uye kupesvedzera nhungamiro yedare rehurumende kwezvizvarwa.

Simba rokugadza rinotambanukira kuzviuru zvenzvimbo mubazu rose, kubva kuvakuru vakuru vomuitiro kusvikira kuvatarisiri vemasangano. apo Purezidhendi mutsva anotora nzvimbo, anenge 4 000 anogadzwa mune zvematongerwe enyika anowanika, achibvumira vatarisiri vari kuuya kuisa vashandi vavo munzvimbo huru muhurumende yose.

Basa Romutemo Nesimba Rezvipembenene

Nepo bazu remitemo richiita mitemo, Purezidhendi anoita basa rinokosha mumuitiro womutemo. Bumbiro remitemo rinoda kuti Purezidhendi azivise nguva nenguva Congress pamusoro pehurumende yomubatanidzwa uye kurumbidza matanho okurangarira. Ikoku kwakashanduka kuva Hurumende yegore negore yeUnion, apo Mapurezidhendi anoonesa zvinhu zvavo zvokutanga zvemitemo nepurogiramu yemiitiro.

Simba raPurezidhendi rinoshanda senzvero inokosha pachiremera chemitemo. Apo Congress inopfuudza mutemo, Purezidhendi anogona kuuisai mumutemo, kana kuti kuubvumira kuva mutemo pasina siginicha pashure pamazuva gumi. Mutungamiriri wehurumende veveto anogona bedzi kushatiswa nevhoti mbiri tatu mudzimba dzose dzeChivimbo, achiuita chishandiso chine simba nokuda kwemitemo. Mapurezidhendi anogonawo kuva ne "packetveto" chisarudzo: kana Congress Comress Commist akapa mumazuva gumi okuparence, mutongo wacho unofa kana Purezidhendi akasarira akasaita chiito.

Simba rePardon

Bumbiro reMitemo rinopa Purezidhendi simba rokupazve mari uye kukanganwira mhaka dzehurumende, kunze kwemhaka dzekusatendeseka. Iri simba rakakwana uye harigoni kuchinjwa namamwe mapazu ehurumende. Mapurezidhendi anoshandisa iri chiremera kururamisa kusaruramisira kunorangarirwa, kuratidza ngoni, kana kuti kuvandudza ruramisiro yamatsotsi. Simba rinokanganwira rinotambanukira kudzokororwa kumitemo (kubvisa mitongo), kukanganwira (kukanganwira utsotsi), uye kupfuudza mauri (kugovera mapoka avanhu).

Kushandisa uye Kushandisa Mitemo Yehurumende

Mutoro mukurusa webazu gurusa ndewokushandisa ndokushandisa mitemo inopfupikiswa neCongress. Iri basa, kazhinji kazhinji semusengwa waPurezidhendi ku "tarisira kuti mitemo ipedzwe nenzira yokutendeka," rinobatanidza nhevedzano hurusa yemibato inoitwa namamirioni avashandi vehurumende mumazana amasangano namadhipatimendi.

Kuchengetwa kwomutemo pamwero wehurumende kunobatanidza masangano akawanda ane miganhu yakati. Department of Justice inobatira soruoko rukuru rwokuchengeta mutemo rwehurumende yehurumende, ichitarisira masangano akadai seFederal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Drug Inforcement Administration (DEA), Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firemorms and Exlosives (ATF), uye U.S. Marshals Services. Masangano aya anoongorora mhosva dzehurumende, anofungidzira, uye basa neU.S.A.Attorney kuti atambure kuputsa mutemo womubatanidzwa wehurumende.

Kupfuura kuchengetwa kwomutemo woutsotsi, bazu guru rinoshandisa mitemo isingaverengeki yehurumende inodzora chinhu chiri chose kubva kukotsekano yebasa kusvikira kudziviriro yemhoteredzo. Apo Congress inopa mutemo, inowanzogovera nhungamiro huru nechiremera kumasangano anotungamirira kuparira mitemo yakananga nemiitiro yokuita. Uyu muitiro, unozivikanwa sokuita mitemo, unobvumira masangano kutanga mitemo ine udzame iyo ine simba romutemo, kana vakasatevera miitiro yokutarisira yakafanira ndokurambira mukati memiganhu yavo yechiremera chemitemo.

Somuenzaniso, apo Congress inopa mutemo wemhoteredzo, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inoumba mitemo yakati inorondedzera mwero inogamuchirika yokushatisa, kutanga zvinodikanwa zvokutarisira, uye kuita miitiro yokuita kuti pave nemitemo yokuchinja mari.

Kutarisira Kuchengeteka Kwenyika uye Kuzvidzivirira

Ruchengeteko rwenyika runomirira rimwe remitoro inotambudza zvikurusa yebazu guru. Purezidhendi, saMutungamiriri weChivimbo, anotarisira Department of Defense, iyo inodzora Uto, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, uye Space Force. Department of Department inoshandisa mitezo yebasa inoshingaira inopfuura 2 mamirioni navashandi vasiri varwi vanodokusvika 800 000, vachiiita rimwe ramasangano makurusa enyika.

National Security Council (NSC), yakagadzwa muna 1947, inopa zano Purezidhendi pamusoro pechengeteko yenyika nenhau dzemiitiro yokumwe. NSC inounganidza vakuru vakuru vakuru vanobva mhiri kwehurumende, kubatanidza Mutungamiriri weHurumende, Munyori weHurumende, Munyori weNhevedzo, uye vamwe vakuru vakuru, kuti vasarudze uye vapindure zvinetso. Mutungamiriri weNational Security Advisor anotungamirira vashandi veNSC uye anobatira somutungamiriri mukuru panhau dzechengeteko.

Kuunganidza kwoungwaru nokunzvera zvinoumba chimwe chinhu chinokosha chemabasa okuchengetedza enyika. Intelligence Community inoumbwa namasangano nesangano 18, kubatanidza Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), National Security Agency (NSA), Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), uye mahofisi ouchenjeri mukati mebazu rimwe nerimwe rehondo nedhipatipatimendi guru. Mutungamiriri weNational Intelligence anoronga masangano aya uye anobatira senyanzvi huru yaPurezidhendi.

Department of Homeland Security, rakaumbwa muna 2002 pashure pokurwiswa kwakaitwa muna September 11, rinobatanidza masangano akawanda ane mutoro wokudzivirira nyika pakurwisa kwemagandanga nezvimwewo zvinotyisidzira.DHS anotarisira kuchengeteka kwemahombekombe, kuchengetwa kwevatami, kuparadzwa kwetsaona dzepaIndaneti, uye kuchengeteka kwezvokufambisa, pakati pemabasa akakomba.

Kutarisira Miitiro Yokumwe uye Kushandisa Zvemari

Bazu rapamusoro rinotungamirira kuvimbisana nenyika yeAmerica kupfurikidza neBato reHurumende nechishandiso chikuru chemiitiro yokumwe. Munyori weHurumende anobatira somutevedzeri mukuru wemiitiro yokumwe waPurezidhendi uye anotarisira ukama hwemibatanidzwa nenyika dzinoda kusvika 200 kupfurikidza nemubatanidzwa wemibatanidzwa yehurumende, zvibvumirano, uye mabasa okukurukurirana kupota nyika yose.

Mamiririri eAmerica anoshanda kuti afambisire mberi fariro dzeUnited States kune imwe nyika, kudzivirira vagari vemo veAmerica vanofamba kana kuti vanogara mhiri kwemakungwa, kusimudzira batira pamwe yezvokutengeserana nezvemari, uye kuvaka kushandira pamwe panhau dzinovambira pakuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kusvikira kukurwisa ugandanga. Hurumende inotungamirirawo gadziriro dzokuyamura dzokumwe, inogovera mibato inosakisa, uye inoita mibatanidzwa yekurukurirano yavose kuti itsanangure mitemo nemipimo zveAmerica kuvateereri vamarudzi ose.

Purezidhendi pachake anopinda mukurukurirano dzekurukurirano kuburikidza nemisangano yavafundisi vokumwe navatungamiriri, kutora rutivi mumasangano amarudzi ose akadai seSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzapasi Pose neNATO, uye kurukurirano yakananga nevamwe kupota nyika yose. Uku kufambidzana kwepachinhambwe kwepamusorosoro kunogona kuumba ukama hwamarudzi ose, kupedza rwisano, uye kutanga gadziriro dzebatira pamwe pazvinetso zvenyika yose.

Gadziriro yezvokutengeserana inomirira rumwe rutivi runokosha rwoukama hwedzimwe nyika runoitwa nebazu guru. United States Trade Messagement anotaurirana zvibvumirano zvokutengesa nekakavadzano dzezvokutengeserana, achishanda kuvhura misika yezvinhu zveAmerica nemabasa apo aidzivirira vashandi veAmerica nemibato yezvokutengeserana isina kururama. Makumi amakore achangobva kupfuura aya akaona nharo huru pamusoro pemiitiro yezvokutengeserana, naPrezidhendi akatora mitoo yakasiana kukubatanidzwa kwoupfumi kwamarudzi ose.

Mirairidzo Yavane Chinzvimbo Chikuru Nenhungamiro Dzapurezidhendi

Mirairo yavakuru vakuru inomirira chimwe chezvishandiso zvine simba zvikurusa zvaPuerceria nokuda kwokutungamirira mabasa ehurumende nokushandisa muitiro. Iyi nhungamiro inowirirana napamutemo inorairidza masangano ehurumende navakuru vakuru pamusoro penzira yokushandisa nayo chiremera chavo ndokuita mitoro yavo. Nepo mirairo yavakuru vakuru isingagoni kuita mitemo mitsva kana kuti mari yakafanira (masimba akachengetwa kuCongress) anogona kuumba zvikuru kuti mitemo iripo inoitwa sei uye kuti bazu rinoshanda sei.

Mapurezidhendi akabudisa mirairo yavakuru vakuru munhau yose yeAmerica yokupedza nhau dzekurumidziro, nhevedzano yemiitiro yokutanga, uye kutarisira dare rehurumende. Mienzaniso inocherechedzwa inobatanidza Emancpation Proclation, murairo waFranklinlin Roosevelt wokugadza misasa yokuvhara yeJapan mukati meHondo yeNyika II (yakazozivikanwa sekusaruramisira kukuru), murayiro waHarry Truman unobvisa mauto, uye mirayiro mizhinji yakaitwa naPrezidhente wapanguva pfupi yapfuura pamusoro penhau dzinovambira pakutama kuenda kuchinjo dzemamiriro okunze enzvimbo.

Mirairo yavakuru vakuru inofanira kudzikamiswa muchiremera chebumbiro remitemo kana kuti chomutemo. Dare rinogona kumisa mirairo inopfuura simba rapurezidhendi kana kuti kuputsa Bumbiro remitemo. Iyi hwirudzuro yokutonga inogovera chekero inokosha pachiremera chavakuru vakuru, kunyange zvazvo Mapurezidhendi kazhinji kazhinji ane uchenjeri hukuru mukududzira nokushandisa chiremera chavo chapamutemo.

Kupfuura zvirevo zvavatungamiriri, Purezidhendi anopa mamwe marudzi enhungamiro kubatanidza zvirevo zvapurezidhendi webasa ramabhinya, zviziviso, uye nhungamiro dzenyika. izvi zvishandiso zvinobatira madonzo akafanana asi zvingava nenheyo dzapamutemo dzakasiana kana kuti zvinodikanwa zvehurumende. Purezidhendi procranda, somuenzaniso, kazhinji kazhinji anotaura nhau dzokutarisira kana kuti kugovera nhungamiro kumasangano pasina gadziriro yakarongwa yegadziriro yapamutemo yehurumende.

Bhajeti Yamabhangi Negadziriro Yemari

Bazu guru rinoita basa guru mumiitiro yemari yehurumende kupfurikidza nomuitiro wemari yokushandisa. Gore rimwe nerimwe, Purezidhendi anopa chikarakadzo chine udzame chemari kuCongress inoronga zvokutanga zvemari nezvikarakadzo zvemari nokuda kwegore rinouya. Iyi bhajeti inomirira purogiramu dzehurumende dzinoshandurwa mumashoko anokosha, inoratidza kuti apo Purezidhendi anoda kuisa marii uye kuti ipurogiramu dzipi dzinofanira kugamuchira mari yakawedzerwa kana kuti kuderera.

Office of Management and Baccount (OMB), rutivi rweHofisi yeMutungamiriri wePuertive, inoronga kufambira mberi kwemari yemari mumativi ose ebazu guru. OMB inoshanda namasangano kuti itange zvikumbiro zvokushandisa, iongorore zvikarakadzo zvemiitiro, uye inotarisira kuronga kuuraya kana Congress yangofanira mari. Muitiro wemari unoda mwedzi yakawanda yokugadzirira nokukurukura, zvose zviri zviviri mukati mebazu revakuru vakuru uye pakati pesangano.

Nepo Congress ine simba rebumbiro remitemo rechikwama uye inofanira kutendera kudyira kwose kwehurumende, chikarakadzo chemari yokushandisa chinodzora chinodzora kurukurirano uye chinoratidzira zvinhu zvokutanga zvapamusoro. Ndyiko yokupedzisira inobva mukurangarira kwesangano kazhinji kazhinji inosiana zvikuru nechikarakadzo chaPrezidhendi, inoratidzira kupa uye kutora mubato wemitemo uye zvinhu zvokutanga zvinokwikwidzana zvavatambi vezvamatongerwe enyika vakasiana - siana.

Kupfuura bhajeti, bazu rinopesvedzera muitiro wemari kupfurikidza nemitoo yakasiana- siyana. Department yeTreasure inotarisira mari yehurumende, inounganidza mitero kupfurikidza neInternal Revenue Service, uye inotarisira masangano ezvemari. Purezidhendi anogadza Gavhura nemitezo yeFederal Reserve Board, iyo inogadza gadziriro yemari, kunyange zvazvo Fed ichishanda yakazvimirira kana vakuru vakuru vakuru vasimbiswa. Masangano anotungamirira anodzora maindasitiri, anodzika mitemo inodzivisa kuva nomutengidziro, uye anoshandisa gadziriro dzepfuma dzinoumba mamiriro ezvinhu ebhizimisi nokubudirira.

Kabhinati: Vatungamiriri Vakuru neVatungamiriri veBato

Dare rakaumbwa naVice Prezidhendi navakuru vemadhipatimendi 15 makuru, pamwe chete navamwe vakuru vakuru vanopa nzvimbo yenzvimbo yeKhabhineti naPrezidenti. Ava vakuru vakuru vanobatira savatungamiriri vakuru vaPrezidhendi uye vanotarisira madhipatimendi makuru anoshandisa muitiro wehurumende munenge nharaunda iri yose yehurumende. Mitezo yeCabinete inodzorwa naPurezidhendi uye inofanira kusimbiswa neDare.

Gadziriro yeKabhini inobvumira Purezidhendi kupa chiremera ndokuvimba nenyanzvi dzinodzora zviremera kuti zvitarisire nharaunda dzemiitiro yakaoma. Vanyori vedare vanotarisira mabasa edhipatimendi ravo, kutanga zvikarakadzo zvemiitiro, kumirira tarisiro muuchapupu hwedare uye kuoneka pachena, uye kubatira semitezo mikuru yeboka renhungamiro raPurezidhendi.

Department of State

Department of State, inotungamirirwa noMunyori weHurumende, inotarisira ukama hwemibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa yeAmerica nokuitwa kwemimwe mitoo. Savatarisiri veCabittenet vakurusa, vakagadzwa muna 1789, Hurumende inotarisira vamiriri uye inotungamirira munyika yose, inotaurirana nezvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose, uye inoshandirana nehurumende dzokumwe panhau dzinovambira pabatira pamwe yechengeteko kusvikira kubetsero yomutsa. Bhizimisi rinopawo mapasi okufambisa mashoko nemagwaro okubetsera, rinodzora zvirongwa zvokuyamura vokumwe nyika, uye rinoita kuti pave nezvibvumirano zvevokaro zvevoruzhinji kuti itsigire mipimo yeAmerica nefariro dzokunze.

Dhipatimendi Reveimba

Dare reTreasure rinotarisira mari yehurumende, rinounganidza mitero, rinogadzira mari, uye rinotarisira masangano ezvemari. Munyori weVhingi anobatira somumiriri mukuru wemari waPrezidhendi uye anomirira United States mumasangano ezvemari enyika yose. Mitoro yeTreasuro inobatanidza kutarisira chikwereti chenyika, kushandisa zvirango zvemari, kurwisa mari inobhadharwa mari nemari yemagandanga, uye kudzora mabhangi nezvimwe zvirongwa zvemari kuti zvichengetedze dzikamo mugadziriro yemari.

Department of Defense

Department of Defense, inotungamirirwa noMunyori weNjombo, inodzora mauto ane zvombo uye zvishandiso zvehondo. DOD inotarisira Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, uye Space Force, pamwe chete namasangano akawanda edziviriro nemibato. Bazi rinovandudza unyanzvi hwehondo, rinoshandisa dziviriro, rinotarisira kuiswa kwehondo munyika yose, uye rinogovera tsigiro kumitezo yebasa nemhuri dzayo. Nebhajeti inopfuura $800 000 000 000 (Z $67 000 000 000) gore negore, DOD inomirira boka rinopfumbadza mari yokuzvidzivirira zvikurusa mubhajeti rehurumende.

Department of Justice

Department of Justice, inotungamirirwa neAttorney General, inobatira semitemo yehurumende nemaoko apamutemo. DOJ inotonga mhosva dzehurumende, inomirira United States munhau dzemitemo, uye inopa zano rapamutemo kuPresidente namasangano anotungamirira. Dhipatimendi rinobatanidza FBI, DEA, ATF, U.S. Marshals Service, uye mamwe masangano ezvomutemo, pamwe chete neU.S.Attors's hofisi dzemitengo yedare munyika yose. DOJ anotarisirawo majeri ehurumende, anochengeta maruramiro avagari vemo, uye anotarisira kuchengetwa kwezvokudzorosa.

Bazi Remukati

Department yeInternational inotarisira nyika dzehurumende nezviwanikwa, kubatanidza mapaka emhuka, utiziro, uye nyika dzavose. Munyori weInterior anotarisira masangano akadai seNational Park Service, Bureau of Land Management, Fish and Wildlife Service yeU.S. Bureaument of Indian Affairs. Dzinza dzekuchengetedza nokubudirira kwezviwanikwa, dzinotarisira ukama nehurumende dzemadzinza, uye dzinodzivirira marudzi ari mungozi nenzvimbo dzenhaka dzetsika.

Department of Agriculture

Department of Agriculture inotsigira varimi veAmerica nevarimi, inovimbisa kuchengeteka kwezvokudya, inotarisira kutsvakurudza kwezvekurima, uye inotarisira zvirongwa zvokubatsira zvokudya. USDA inotarisira masango Service, inogovera inishuwarenzi yezvirimwa uye mari yokurima, inoita kuti pave nenzvero yokurima, uye inotarisira mapurogiramu akaita seEstal Nutrition Active Program (SNAP) inobatsira mamiriyoni eAmerica kuti atenge zvokudya. Dhipatimendi racho rinodzorawo nyama nenyama uye basa rokusimudzira kutengesa zvinhu zvekurima kuAmerica.

Bazi Rokutengeserana

Department yezvokutengeserana inokurudzira kukura kwemari uye kugadzirwa kwemabasa kuburikidza nemapurogiramu akasiyana - siyana nemasangano.Bhuku reCensus Bureau, iro rinoita kuti vanhu vatadze kuverenga vanhu uye rinounganidza mashoko ezvemari; National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (NOA), iyo inokwanisa kufembera mamiriro okunze uye pfuma dzengarava; hofisi yePaten and Trademark Office; uye masangano anosimudzira kutengeserana, anotsigira mabhizimisi akaderera, uye anoita kutsvakurudza upfumi.

Department of Baby

Dhipatimendi reBare reBare rinodzivirira kodzero dzavashandi, rinosimudzira chengeteko yebasa, uye rinotarisira zvirongwa zvebasa nemirairo yokurovedza. DOL inomanikidza mari nemirau yamaawa, inodzora gadziriro dzeinishuwarenzi yokushaikwa kwemabasa, inounganidza nhamba dzebasa, uye inotarisira chengeteko yebasa kupfurikidza neOccupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Bazi rinodzivirirawo kodzero dzepenjeni, rinomanikidzira mitemo inodzivisa kushatisa ganhuriro pabasa, uye rinogovera rovedzo yebasa namabasa.

Department of Health and Human Services

HHS anotarisira gadziriro dzoutano dzehurumende uye anoita nzvero dzezvokurapa kupfurikidza namasangano akadai seCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), uye Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Dhipatimendi rinotarisira Medicare neMedicaid, iro rinogovera utano kuAmerica mamiriyoni 140, rinodzora zvokudya nekotsekano yemirimo, rinoita nzvero yezvokurapa mishonga, uye rinoita kumigariro youtano yavose.

Department of Home Nekubudirira Kwemataundi

Dare rinotarisira kugadziriswa kwedzimba dzevanhu, rinopa rubatsiro rwedzimba dzevoruzhinji, rinodzika mitemo yedzimba dzakarurama, uye rinotsigira zvirongwa zvekubudirira kwenzanga. HUD inotarisirawo Federal House Administration, iyo inoisa mari yechikwereti kuti ibatsire vanhu vokuAmerica kuva vanhu varidzi vedzimba, uye inoshanda kuti vagadzirise kushaya dzimba kuburikidza nezvirongwa zvakasiyana - siyana zvinobvumira.

Department of Troads

Department yezvokufambisa inotarisira gadziriro dzenyika nekotsekano. DOT inobatanidza Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), iyo inodzora kufamba nendege; Federal Highway Administration; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; uye masangano anotarisira zvitima, zvokufambisa, uye michina yemichina. Zvirongwa zvemari yemadhipatimendi, zvinogadza mipimo yekotsekano, uye masangano ezvokufambisa kuti zvisimbise kufamba zvakanaka uye kusimba ravanhu nezvitoro.

Department of Energy

Dhipatimendi reEner rinodzora gadziriro yezvombo zvenyukireya zvenyika, rinosimudzira chengeteko yesimba, uye fambiro yesayenzi. DOE inotarisira marabhoritari enyika, inodzora kuraswa kwetsvina yenyukireya, inokurudzira kugadzirwazve kwesimba rinomutsidzirwa, uye inoshanda kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwesimba. Bazi racho rinochengetawo zvombo zvenyukireya zvinounganidzwa uye mabasa kudzivisa kuwanda kwenyukireya munyika yose.

Department of dzidzo

Department yeDrug inotarisira gadziriro dzedzidzo dzehurumende uye inoita kuti mitemo yedzidzo iteererwe.ED inotarisira zvirongwa zvechikwereti zvevadzidzi, inogovera mari kuzvikoro zvinobatira vadzidzi vanoshaiwa, inomanikidzira mitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo mudzidzo, uye inounganidza mashoko edzidzo. Nepo muitiro wedzidzo wakawanda unoitwa kuhurumende uye mwero yomunzvimbomo, hurumende inopesvedzera dzidzo kupfurikidza negadziriro dzemari uye zvinodikanwa zvokudzora.

Department of Veterans Affairs

Va inogovera tarisiro youtano, betsero, uye basa kuvakare vehondo nemhuri dzavo. Dhipatimendi rinoshandisa gadziriro hurusa yezvoutano yakabatana munyika, rinogovera mari inobhadharwa nokuremadzwa uye mapurogiramu omudyandigere, rinotarisira makuva evagara nebasa, uye rinogovera betsero dzedzidzo kupfurikidza namapurogiramu seGI Bill. Navashandi vanopfuura 400 000, VA inoshanda mamiriyoni evakare munyika yose.

Department of Home Security

DHS, dhipatimendi idzva zvikurusa reCabinet, rinodzivirira nyika pakudenha kwamagandanga uye zvimwe tyisidziro. DHS inobatanidza masangano akadai seCmstoms and Borders Protection, Immigration and Customs Enforcementment, Secrective Security Administration, Secret Service, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). DHS inodzora muganhu wemuganhu wemagandanga, kuchengetedzwa kwevaeni, njodzi, uye kudzivirirwa kwezvokubuda munyika.

Nhungamiro Nemitumbi Inodzora

Kupfuura madhipatimendi eKhabhinet, bazi guru rinobatanidza masangano akawanda anozvimirira anoshanda nemwero yakasiana- siyana yokuzvitonga kubva kuudzori hwamapurezidhendi. Masangano aya kazhinji kazhinji ane mabasa anokosha uye chiremera chehurumende panzvimbo dzakati kana kuti mirau. Nepo Purezidhendi achigadza misoro yamasangano, masangano akawanda anozvimirira akaumbwa kuti avadzivirire padzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika, uye ganhuriro dzinobatira pamano aPrezidhendi kui kuidzora.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inodzivirira utano hwevanhu nemhoteredzo kupfurikidza nokusimbisa mitemo yemhoteredzo nemirau. EPA inoisa mipimo yokushatisa, inotarisira kucheneswa kwenzvimbo dzakashatiswa, inodzora mishonga inouraya utachiona namakemikari ane chepfu, uye inoshanda nehurumende nendudzi kuti ishandise purogiramu dzemhoteredzo. Basa resangano racho rinotapura kunaka kwemhepo, kuchengeteka kwemvura, uye dziviriro yemhoteredzo munyika yose.

Sacrities and Exchange Commission (SEC) inodzora misika yezvokuchengetesa nokudzivirira vachengetedzi. SEC inoda kuti makambani avanhu azivise mashoko emari, anomanikidza mitemo yemitengo yekodzero dzemari, anodzosa kutsinhana mari uye vanopa mari, uye anopa mhosva dzekuchengeteka. Sangano racho rinoshanda kuti richengete bhizimisi rakanaka uye rinoita kuti mari ive nyore kutengesa zvinhu.

Federal Commissions Commission (FCC) inodzora kurukurirano dzepasi pose neredhiyo, terevhizheni, tambo, satellite, uye tambo. FCC inodzora migove, kumanikidza mitemo yekurukurirano, kusimudzira makwikwi mumisika yekurukurirano, uye inoshanda kuva nechokwadi chokuwana mibato yekurukurirano munyika yose.

Saucial Security Administration (SA) inotungamirira purogiramu yeSocial Security, inopa betsero dzekurega basa, urema, uye mupukunyuki kumamiriyoni eAmerica. SSA inounganidza mitero yemitero yemipumburu, inosarudza kuti inobetsera kuva nekodzero, zvinotendwa, uye zvinonyorwa zveSocial Security. Purogiramu yacho inomirira imwe yemapurogiramu makurusa ehurumende uye anokosha zvikurusa ezvenzanga.

Mamwe masangano anozvimirira anosanganisira Federal Reserve System (mitemo yemamonetary), Federal Trade Commission (consumer dziviriro neantistent), National Labor Relations Board (ukama hwebasa), Ecumeal Accomplication Commission (rusaruro rwebasa), uye NASA (kuongorora nzvimbo), pakati pedzimwe dzakawanda. Masangano aya pamwe chete anoshandisa mazana ezviuru zvavanhu uye anodzora upenyu hwemari uye hwenzanga hweAmerica.

Hofisi Yakananga yaPurezidhendi

Hofisi inotungamirirwa naPurezidhendi (EOP) ine masangano nehofisi zvinotsigira zvakananga basa raPurezidhendi. Kusikwa kwakaitwa muna 1939, EOP yakura kuva inobatanidza mahofisi akawanda anobetsera Purezidhendi kuvamba muitiro, kutarisira bazu rehukuru, uye kukurukura nesangano ravose neCongress.

Hofisi yeWhite House inobatanidza vatarisiri vePresidenti vava pedyosa navashandi, kubatanidza Mukuru weSadhuse, anotarisira mabasa eNzvimbo Thite uye anobatira somuchengeti wesuo kuna Purezidhendi; vakuru vakuru vanopa zano Purezidhendi pamusoro pomutemo nenhau dzezvamatongerwe enyika; Munyori wePress, anokurukura nezvinobudisa nhau; uye mimwe mitezo mizhinji yavashandi vanoronga, vanonyoresa, nhau dzemitemo, uye mimwe mibato inokosha.

Office of Management and Bactal (OMB) inogadzirira chikarakadzo chemari yokushandisa chaPurezidhendi, inotarisira kurongwa kwemari yokushandisa, uye mirau yamasangano. OMB inobatira sechishandiso chine simba chokudzora purezidhendi pabazu ravakuru, ichishandisa bhajeti rayo nechiremera chokuhwirudzura kuvimbisa masangano anowirirana nezvinokosha zvapurezidhendi.

National Security Council (NSC) inopa zano Purezidhendi pamusoro pechengeteko yenyika negadziriro yokumwe. Vashandi veNSC, vachitungamirirwa neNational Security Advisor, vanoronga muitiro mumativi ose, vanotarisira miitiro yokubatana, uye vanopa Purezidhendi kunzvera uye zvisarudzo panhau dzechengeteko.

Dare rezveupfumi rinopa Purezidhendi mazano uye kuongorora zvemari.CEA, rinoumbwa nenyanzvi dzezveupfumi, rinoongorora mamiriro ezvemari, rinoongorora zvikarakadzo zvemitemo, uye rinobatsira kuvandudza muitiro wezvoupfumi wehurumende.

Zvimwe zvinhu zveEOP zvinosanganisira Hofisi yaPurezidhendi weSanihesi, Hofisi yeMumiririri weTrade weU.S., Council on Environmental Security, Office of Science and Technology Policy, uye Hofisi yeNational Drug Control Policy, pakati pezvimwe. hofisi idzi dzinobvumira Purezidhendi kuronga mamiriro ezvinhu muhurumende uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti mabasa ebasa guru anowirirana nezvinokosha zvapurezidhendi.

Kuongorora uye Kudzikama Pasimba Rine Simba Rine Simba

Nepo bazu ravakuru richishandisa simba guru, gadziriro yebumbiro remitemo reAmerica inobatanidza nzvero nedzikamo zvakawanda zvakagadzirirwa kudzivisa kutsotswa kwavakuru vakuru uye kuvimbisa kuzvidavirira. aya mabasa anoratidzira itiro hanya yavaFramers pamusoro pesimba rakamanikidzirwa uye kuzvipira kwavo kuhurumende yamasimba akaparadzana.

Dare rinotungamirira dare redare rinotungamirira kudare revakuru vakuru kupfurikidza nokutonga, kuongorora, uye mishumo. matare eCongress anogara achikoka vakuru vakuru kuti vapupurire pamusoro pemibato yavo, mitemo, uye kushandiswa kwemari yakakodzera. Dare rinogonawo kuitisa nzvero zviito zvebazu zvavakuru vakuru, magwaro ezvipupu, uye kuzvidza vakuru nokuda kwokukundikana kubatira pamwe. Basa iri rinobetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti vatarisiri vebazu vanoshandisa mitemo seCongress uye vanoshanda mukati memiganhu yemitemo.

Kusimbiswa kweDare pamusoro pekugadzwa kwapurezidhendi kunopa imwe chenjero inokosha. Purezidhendi haagoni kuisa vanhu munzvimbo huru pasina nguva; Dare rinofanira kutendera vanyori veCabinet, vatongi vehurumende, nhume, uye vamwe vakuru vakuru. Ichi chinodikanwa chinoraira Mapurezidhendi kurangarira kana vamirini vavo vanogona kuwana tsigiro yeDare uye kupa pesvedzero yebazu pamusoro paavo vanotungamirira vatarisiri vehurumende ndokubatira pabhenji rehurumende.

Chidzorero cheCongress pamusoro pemitemo chinoganhurira simba ravakuru vakuru kupfurikidza nokuraira Purezidhendi kutsvaka mari nokuda kwepurogiramu nemibato. Purezidhendi haagoni kupedza mari iyo Congress haina kuwirirana, uye Congress inogona kushandisa simba rayo rokushandisa kutsika, kurambidza mibato yakati, kana kuti kuraira zviito zvakati. Iri "simba rechikwama" rinomirira imwe yenzvero hurusa dzeDare pachiremera chavakuru vakuru.

Bazu rinonzvera simba ravakuru vakuru kupfurikidza nehwirudzuro yedare, simba rokusarudza kana zviito zvavakuru vakuru zvichiwirirana neBumbiro reMitemo nemitemo. Madare anogona kuputsa mirairo yavakuru vakuru, mirau yesangano isina basa, uye kutonga kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vakapfuura chiremera chavo. Nepo matare kazhinji kazhinji achifuratira unyanzvi hwavakuru vakuru mumativi akawanda, anobatira sedziviriro inokosha mukurwisana netsoropodzo yomukuru mukuru ndokudzivirira maruramiro avanhu mukurwisana nokuputswa kwehurumende.

Kuongorora kupedzisira kuonekwa pamufambiro wapurezidhendi. Imba yeVamiririri inogona kuudza Purezidhendi nokuda kwe "mufungo, chiokomuhomwe, kana kuti mamwe matsotsi makuru uye mamwe matsotsi," uye Dare rinogona kubvisa Purezidhendi panzvimbo pabvumwa nevhoti mbiri. Nepo kusateerera kusingawanzoitika / Mapurezidhendi matatu bedzi akasarudzirwa, uye hapana akabviswa kupfurikidza nomuitiro wokusatendeseka kwechakavanzika chapurezidhendi.

Murangariro wenhau newavose unobatirawo senzvero yamasanga asi dzine simba pasimba rebazu guru. Media nzvero yemibato yavakuru vakuru vebazu, kunzvera kwemagazini kunofumura chakaipa chehurumende, uye dzvinyiriro yavose pavakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa yose inomanikidzira chiito choukuru uye inosimudzira kuzvidavirira. Muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Mukuva nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, nzvero yokupedzisira inobva kuvavhoti, uyo anogona kusarudza Purezidhendi mutsva makore mana ari ose ndokuchinja kuvambirwa kweCongress muchisarudzo chenguva dzose.

Mushandirapamwe Wehurumende: Kushandisa Mutemo Unodzora

Bazu guru rinoshandisa vanenge vashandi vasiri varwi vane mamiriyoni 2,2 (kuendesa vashandi veposita) vanoita basa rezuva nezuva rehurumende yehurumende.ava vashandi vehurumende vanoshanda mumasangano munyika yose uye kupota nyika, vachishandisa mitemo, vachiita mabasa, kutsvakurudza, uye kuita mamwe mabasa anokosha kuhurumende.

Vashandi vazhinjisa vehurumende vashandi vebasa vehurumende vanoshanda mugadziriro yakavakirwa pahwaro hwakafanira hwakagadzirirwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti mabasa ehurumende akazadzwa pahwaro panzvimbo pebatano dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Gadziriro yebasa ravagari vemo, yakagadzwa mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19 kurwisa gadziriro yokutsigira, inodzivirira vashandi vomuhurumende pakudzingwa kwokuzvidira kwoudzvinyiriri nedzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika, inovabvumira kugovera kupfuurira nounyanzvi mumitevedzero yapurezidhendi.

Vashandi vehurumende vanoshanda mumabasa akasiyana - siyana, kubva mumasayendisiti anonzvera zvezvokurapa paNational Institutes of Health kusvika kuvagadziri vepapaki vanodzivirira nzvimbo dzinochengetedzwa nepasi, kubva kuvatarisiri vendege vanotarisira kuchengeteka kwendege kuvakuru vakuru vemitemo vanomirira fariro dzeAmerica dziri kune imwe nyika. Vanobatanidza vakuru vakuru vakuru vezvomutemo, vatarisiri vezvoutano, mainjiniya, magweta, nyanzvi dzezvemari, uye nyanzvi munenge rutivi rwuri rwose rwebasa romunhu.

Ukama pakati pavasaruri vezvamatongerwe enyika navashandi vebasa renyika dzimwe nguva hunogona kuva hwakaoma, sezvo vagarwa vanotsvaka kushandisa purogiramu yaPurezidhendi apo vashandi vebasa vanounza zivo yesangano nounyanzvi. Kudzora kunobudirira kunoda batira pamwe pakati pevatungamiriri vezvamatongerwe enyika navashandi vebasa, navanogadzwa vachigovera nhungamiro yetsika navashandi vebasa vanogovera unyanzvi hwezvounyanzvi hwezvokugadzira zvinhu neyeuko yemibato.

Kutapura Bazu Rine Vatungamiriri Paupenyu Hwezuva Nezuva

Kunzwisisa uku kubatana kunobatsira kuratidza kuti nei vapabazi vanotungamirira vachikoshesa zvinhu uye kuti zvisarudzo zvavo zvinotapura sei vanhu vamwe navamwe, mhuri, uye nzanga.

Apo vaAmerica vanomuka ndokunzvera mamiriro okunze, vanotsamira pamashoko anobva kuNOA, rutivi rweBato reCHENGETES. Zvokudya zvavanodya nokuda kwechisvusvuro zvakaongororwa neFDA kana kuti USDA kuva nechokwadi chekotsekano. Kana vakatora mishonga yapamutemo, FDA yakabvumira kuti ive yakakotseka uye inoshanda. Mvura yavanonwa inowirirana neEPA, uye mhepo yavanofema yakachena nemhaka yemirairo yeEPA pamusoro pokushatisa.

Apo vaAmerica vanotyaira kuenda kubasa, vanofamba mumigwagwa yakavakirwa nemari yezvokufambisa nemotokari dzehurumende dzinosvitsa mipimo yekotsekano yehurumende. Kana vakabhururuka, FAA inovimbisa chengeteko yendege ndokudzora nhevedzano yendege. Kubasa, mirau yeOSHA inovadzivirira pangozi dzebasa, uye mitemo yebasa yehurumende inovimbisa mibhadharo yakaderera, nguva yeovhatars, uye dziviriro pakusarura.

Bazu guru rinodzivirira chengeteko yemari yeAmerica kupfurikidza nemibato mizhinji. FDIC insurensis, SEC inodzora misika yechengeteko, uye Consumer Financial Protection Bureau inodzivirira vatengi pakukwereta kwokunyengera nokunyengera mune zvemari. Rusununguko rwenzanga runopa mari yokurega basa kumamiriyoni avakweguru, uye Medicare inovimbisa tarisiro yezvoutano nokuda kwevakura veAmerica navanhu vane urema.

Masangano anoona nezvemasangano ezvokuchengetedza nyika anounganidza mashoko pamusoro pengozi, mauto anodzivirira nyika, uye masangano anochengetedza nyika anogara achichengetedza miganhu uye zvinhu zvekuchengetedza nyika, asi anowanzoita zvinhu izvi asingaonekwi, anoita kuti vanhu vokuAmerica vachengeteke muupenyu hwavo vasingatyi kurwiswa.

Panoitika njodzi, FEMA inoronga kuti njodzi dziparare, ichibatsira vanhu vanenge vawirwa nenjodzi uye ichivabatsira kuvakazve.CDC inoongorora kupararira kwehosha uye inoshanda kuti idzivirire utano hwevanhu.

Zvinetso Zvenguva Ino uye Magakava

Bazu ravakuru rinotarisana nezvinetso zvakawanda muzana ramakore rechi 21, uye gakava pamusoro pesimba ravakuru vakuru, kushanda zvakanaka kwehurumende, uye basa rakafanira ramasangano ehurumende rinopfuurira kuumba zvamatongerwe enyika eAmerica nokutonga.

Kukura kwesimba revakuru vakuru munguva yakati kwakamutsa nharo dzinopfuurira pamusoro pedzikamo pakati pamapazu.Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti Mapurezidhendi akaunganidza chiremera chikuru zvikuru, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzakadai sechiito chehondo, kuchengetwa kwevatami, uye muitiro wokudzora. Vatsigiri vanodzivisa kuti utongi hwazvino uno hunoda dare rakasimba rinokwanisa kukurumidza kupindura zvinetso zvakaoma izvo Congress haagoni kupedza nyore nyore kupfurikidza nomutemo.

Hurumende . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kuwedzera uye kurwisana kwevatongi kwakaita kuti mabasa epabazu avakuru vakuru ave akaoma zvikuru. Kana masangano akasiyana - siyana achidzora sachigaro neCongress, kukakavadzana pamusoro pezvirongwa, mabhajeti, uye muitiro zvava kukura zvikuru. Mapurezidhendi anowedzera kuvimba nezvirango zvehurumende uye zviito zvokutonga apo vasingagoni kuita zvinangwa zvavo kupfurikidza nemitemo, zvichitungamirira kukusagadzikana kwemitemo sezvo hurumende itsva dzinochinja zviito zvevakatangira.

Kuchinja kwemasangano ebazi makuru kuri kuita kuti zviome kuisa hurumende dzehurumende paIndaneti kunoramba kuchikonzerwa nevavengi vokune dzimwe nyika uye masangano ematsotsi. Masangano anofanira kuchinja nokukurumidza ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu achichengetedza vanhu voga uye rusununguko rwevanhu. Kuwedzera kwouchenjeri hwokugadzira zvinhu, biotechnology, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvokugadzira zvinhu zviripo kunomutsa mibvunzo yokuti zvinhu zviripo zvingasava nemhinduro yakakwana.

Kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kunoda kuti pave nemamiriro okunze akabatana mumasangano akawanda uye mhatsa dzehurumende. Bazu guru rinoita basa rinokosha mukugadzirisa zvinetso zvemamiriro okunze kupfurikidza nemitemo yemhoteredzo, magetsi, kuisa mari mubhizimisi, uye kukurukurirana mamiriro okunze munyika dzakawanda.

Nguva Yemberi Yebazu Rine Chiremera

Sezvo America inopfuurira kupinda muzana ramakore rechi 21, bazu guru richapfuurira kushanduka - shanduka mukupindura denho itsva nemigariro inochinja.

Ruzivo rwezvokugadzirwa kuchachinja mashandisiro anoita bazi guru uye mabasa. Nhungamiro dzehurumende dzemadhigitatiki dzinovavarira kuita kuti mabasa ehurumende asvike uye abudirire, zvichibvumira vagari vemo kukurukurirana nehurumende paIndaneti panzvimbo pekushanyira mapepa uye nokunyora. Ungwaru nemashoko zvinogona kuvandudza kuita zvisarudzo uye kuendesa basa, kunyange zvazvo zvichimutsawo mibvunzo pamusoro pezvakavanzika, kusasarura, uye kuzvidavirira.

Vatungamiriri vemangwana vachatarisana nemibvunzo pamusoro pemiganhu yebasa revakuru vakuru, zvikurukuru munzvimbo umo Dare risina kupa nhungamiro yakajeka kana kuti umo mutemo unorambidza mitemo mitsva kugadzwa. Matare achapfuurira kuita basa rinokosha mukurondedzera miganhu yechiremera.

Zvinetso zvokushanda zvichada ngwariro sezvo hurumende yehurumende inokwikwidzana nechikamu chavanhu chapamusoro nokuda kwebasa ravose. Kupinza vashandi vane unyanzvi kubasa ravose, zvikurukuru mumibato yemibato yemibato, kunoda muripo wamakwikwi, basa rine revo, uye tsika yesangano rakanaka. Vashandi vomubatanidzwa vari kukwegurawo, vashandi vazhinji vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira vachiswedera pamudyandigere, kuchiparira denho dzokuronga nhevedzano.

Kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, kupararira kwemakombiyuta, ugandanga hwenyika yose, uye makwikwi makuru okushandisa simba remagetsi zvinoda kuti pave netsinhirano inoita kuti bazi rikwanise kuita zvose zvarinokwanisa.

Kudzorera chivimbo chavose mumasangano ehurumende kunomirira denho huru. Nzvero dzinoratidza kuderera kwechivimbo mumasangano ehurumende, kubatanidza bazu ravakuru vakuru. Kuvaka chivimbo kunoda kuonana, kuzvidavirira, kupiwa kwebasa kunobudirira, uye kuratidzira kuti hurumende inogona kupedza zvinetso ndokuvandudza upenyu hwavanhu.

Nzira Iyo Vagari Vanogona Kubatanidzwa Nayo Nebazu Rine Chiremera

Kunzwisisa zvinhu izvi kunoita kuti vanhu vakwanise kutungamirira uye kuti hurumende izvidavire.

Muitiro wokutungamirira unogovera mikana yakarongwa yokutaurirana navanhu. Apo masangano anokarakadza mitemo mitsva, anowanzoibudisa muFederal Register ndokugamuchira tsinhiro dzavose. Munhu upi noupi anogona kupa tsinhiro achitsanangura kuti mutemo unokarakadzwa ungavatapura sei kana kuti kukarakadza chinjo. Masangano anofanira kurangarira idzi tsinhiro pamberi pemitemo yokugumisa, achiita kuti ikoku kuve nzira inokosha yepesvedzero yevagari vemo.

Vagari vanogona kutaura neWhite House zvakananga netsamba, matsamba, uye runhare kuti vataure maonero avo panyaya. Nepo Purezidhendi asingagoni kupindura pachake kukurukurirana kwose, vashandi veWhite House vanonyora manzwiro avanhu uye nhau huru dzakamutswa nevanhu. Mashoko okunyorerana emasangano akati anowanika panzvimbo dzavo dzepawebsite, zvichibvumira vagari vemo kuti vasvike vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vemiitiro.

Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) zvikumbiro zvinobvumira vagari vemo kuwana mapepa ehurumende nemashoko.Apo mamwe mashoko anosaziviswa nokuda kwezvikonzero zvokuchengeteka kwenyika kana kuti zvokuva voga, FOIA inogovera chishandiso chinokosha chokuona nokuzvidavirira.

Kuvhota kunomirira nzira inokosha zvikuru iyo vagari vemo vanopesvedzera nayo bazu guru. Sarudzo yapurezidhendi inosarudza kuti ndiani anotungamirira bazu guru ndokugadza nhungamiro yaro. Sarudzo yedare rinodzorwa dzinotapura mabasa ebazu ravakuru kupfurikidza nokutarisira, kusimbisa vakagadzwa sango. Kuvhota kunoraira nzvimbo dzavada kutendi nokunzwisisa uye kuti mitemo yebazu yavakuru inotapura sei nzanga nenyika.

Masangano aya anotarisira mabasa ebazi rinotungamirira, anotsigira kuchinja kwemitemo, uye anokurudzira vagari vemo kuti vataure nevakuru vakuru kana kuti vatsigire mudare. Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nguva vatsoropodzi vachiona mapoka ezvirongwa zvezvirongwa seanomiririra zvinhu zvishoma, anogoverawo unyanzvi uye manzwi okuwedzera mukurukurirano dzehurumende dzakaoma.

Mupedzi: Bazu Rine Chiremera Muhurumende Yechiokomuhomwe yeAmerica

Bazu ravakuru rinomira sorutivi runokosha rwehurumende yeAmerica, rine mutoro wokushandisa mitemo, kutarisira mabasa ehurumende, kudzivirira chengeteko yenyika, uye kupedza denho dzisingaverengeki dzakatarisana norudzi. Kuvambira pautungamiriri hwaPurezidhendi kusvikira kubasa ramamirioni avashandi vomuhurumende, bazu rinotungamirira rinobata anenge mativi ari ose oupenyu hweAmerica.

Kunzwisisa bazu ravakuru vakuru system system, gadziriro yesangano, masimba, uye ganhuriro zvinodikanwa nokuda kwougari hwemo hunoziva. Bazu guru rinoshanda mukati megadziriro yecheki nedzikamo zvakarongedzerwa kudzivisa udzvinyiriri nepo richigonesa kudzora kunobudirira. Iyi gadziriro inoda ngwariro inopfuurira nevimbiso kuvagari vemo kuva nechokwadi chokuti simba ravakuru rinobatira fariro yavose uye rinoramba richizvidavirira kuvanhu.

Kuongorora zvinhu zvakadai seruzivo rwokuchinja - chinja kwenzvimbo, kuchinja kweuwandu hwevanhu, uye kutyisidzira kuri kumuka kuchada kuti bazi rishande zvakanaka uye kuti ribudirire.

Kuziva bazi guru kunobatsira kuti pave nokuvhota, kutsinhira pamitemo, kutaura nevakuru vakuru, kana kuti kungoramba vachiziva nezvemabasa ehurumende, vanhu vanoita basa rinokosha pakuumba basa rebazi repamusoro uye kuita kuti hurumende izvidavirire.

Bazu ravakuru rinomirira zvose zviri zviviri simba nechipikirwa chehurumende yeAmerica — simba rokuita nenzira yakasimba mufariro yorudzi nechipikirwa chokuti simba rakadaro richashandiswa nenzira ine mufungo, mukati meganhuriro dzebumbiro remitemo, uye mukubatira vanhu veAmerica. Kuchengeta iyi dzikamo kunoramba kuri denho nemutoro zvinopfuurira nokuda kwechizvarwa chimwe nechimwe cheAmerica.

Nokuda kwamashoko akawanda pamusoro pemibato yebazu ravakuru vakuru nehurumende yehurumende, shanyira USA.gov, nhungamiro yapamutemo kumashoko nemabasa ehurumende, kana kuti kunzvera White House. gov[[FLT] nokuda kwamashoko pamusoro paPresidenti nehofisi yebazu.