Kusikwa Nakwo Sechikamu Chomutemo weAmerica

Muitiro wokuita kuti zvinhu zvive nomuzvarirwo ndeimwe yenzira dzinotevera zvikurusa dziri mugadziriro yemitemo yeUnited States, kuchigonesa marudzi okumwe kuva vagari vemo vakazara kupfurikidza nomuitiro wapamutemo wakarondedzerwa. Iyi chinjo haisati iri bedzi nhano yokudzora; imhedziso yemitemo yakakomba inodzikamisa chengeteko yorudzi, batanidzwa kwevagari vemo, uye chipikirwa chedoka reAmerica redonzo renyika. Kunzwisisa kuti kuva nomusikirwo kunowirirana sei nemitemo yechisiko nemitemo inorerekera kumativi ose kunojekesa kodzero, mitoro, uye nheyo dzemitemo yemitemo izvo zvinobatanidza kuva mugari wemo wehurumende yeUnited States.

Kuzvigadzira kunopa vanhu chimiro chimwe chetecho chapamutemo savagari vemo vakaberekerwamo, kubatanidza maruramiro okuvhota, kuva nehofisi yavose (kunze kwechibvumirano nemutezo wokuva mutezo wehurumende), uye kuwana pasipoti yeU. zvisinei, nzira yokuva mugari wemo haisati iri inozviitika kana kuti iri yakapfava. Inodzorwa nemirairo yehurumende, nhungamiro dzamasangano, uye makumi amakore okududzira dare. Nyaya inonzvera nheyo dzapamutemo dzokuva nomuzvarirwo, muitiro wezvakasikwa, kodzero nemitoro yazvinoita kuti zvivepo, mhindumupinduro yazvo yenhau, uye denho dzepamutemo dzinopfuurira kuumba iyi nzvimbo inokosha yokutama.

Mavambo Apamutemo Okuzvigadzira

Kuzvigadzira inhau yomutemo wehurumende chose chose, inogamuchira chiremera chayo muChikamu I, Chikamu 8, Classia 4 cheBumbiro reMitemo reU.S., icho chinopa Congress simba “rokugadza mutemo mumwe wokuzvigadzira.” Iri murairo rinovimbisa kuti muitiro wacho unowirirana mumitemo yose nendima. Chiremera chikuru ndicho Isigition and Nationality Act (NAT), chakasimbiswa muTit 8 yeUnited States Code. INA inogadza mipimo yeEdition, zvinodikanwa, uye miitiro iyo mutevedzero iri yose inofanira kutevera.

Zvinhu zvinokosha pasi peINA zvinosanganisira:

  • Musha unopfuurira nokuvapo chaiko muUnited States
  • Mano okurava, okunyora, uye okutaura chiNgezi chinokosha
  • Zivo nokunzwisisa nhau yeUnited States nehurumende (Mazita)
  • Tsika dzakanaka
  • Kubatanidzwa kunheyo dzeBumbiro Remitemo reU.S.
  • Kuda kutakura zvombo kana kuti kuita basa risingadzokorori sezvinodikanwa nomutemo

.U.S. Cinturyship and Immigration Services (USCIS), sangano riri mukati me Department of Homeland Security, rinogovera muitiro wokuisa urongwa hwokubereka. USCIS inoisa kushandisirwa kwokushanda kwomuzvarirwo, kubvunzurudza, uye kutungamirira nzvero dzinodikanwa. Chirongwa chapamutemo chinobatanidzawo mitemo mizhinji inowanwa muTitle 8 yeCode of Federal Reformation (8 FR), iyo inogovera nhungamiro ine udzame paufakazi, varapi, uye kunze. Nokuda kwokunzvera zvikuru mirairo yenheyo, shanyira USCIS peji yeI[FFFFLD:1]

Kugadzirwa Kwomuzvarirwo: Kubva Pakushandiswa Kuenda Kukuzivikanwa

Ugaro hwekuUnited States hunosanganisira madanho akasiyana - siyana, rimwe nerimwe rinenge richitungamirirwa nemitemo.

Danho 1: Kuziva Kuti Munhu Achazviita

Asati apa kumbiriso, mugari wechigarire wepamutemo (mugadziri wekadhi rebhuruu) anofanira kusimbisa kuti vanosvitsa mamiriro ezvinhu okusagona kuwanikwa. Kazhinji kazhinji, vapedzisi vanofanira kuva namakore anenge 18 okukura, vave vari vagari vemo zvechigarire kwaanenge makore mashanu (kana kuti makore matatu kana akaroorwa kumunhu weU.S.), uye vakagara muruwa rwavanenge vachinyorera kweinenge mwedzi mitatu.

Danho 2: Kunyepedzera

Application inoitwa ichishandisa FORm N-400, Imba yokushandisa nokuda kwokuvanza. Iyi fomu yakafara inounganidza mashoko omunhu oga, nhau yokugara, udzame hwebasa, kufamba kunze kweUnited States, uye mashoko pamusoro pechinyorwa chipi nechipi chetsotsi kana kuti kubatanidzwa namasangano. Mukumbiri anofanira kubhadhara mari inodikanwa yesero nemari inobhadharwa. USCIS inohwirudzura kushandiso nokuda kwokukwana uye ingapa chikumbiro cheUfakazi kana mashoko akashaikwa kana kuti asina kujeka.

Danho 3: Kuronga Mashandiro Anoita Masero

Pashure pokunge kumbiriso yachengetwa, muwedzeri akarongwa kuti aronge kuronga kuti zvishandiso zviitwe.Panomira apa, maminwe, pikicha, uye siginicha zvinotorwa. Mabhakitiriya aya anoshandiswa kuongorora mapepa eutsotsi uye mapepa okutamira munyika.

Danho 4: Kubvunzurudza

Bvunzurudzo yokuita kuti zvinhu zvive nomuzvarirwo inhano inokosha. Mukuru mukuru weUSCIS anohwirudzura kukumbira uye anotungamirira kuedzwa kwomutauro wechiNgezi nekodzero. Kuongorora kwechiNgezi kuyera kurava, kunyora, uye kutaura. Kuongorora kunobatanidza mibvunzo inosvika 10 kubva pandandanda ye 100 inobvira yeU.S. nhau, hurumende, uye kodzero. Vaongorori vanofanira kupindura zvinenge 6 mu10 zvakarurama kupfuure. Vakwegura kana kuti vakaremara vanokwanisa kunyora.

Nhano 5: Chisarudzo Neshoko Rechinyati

Kana USCIS ichitendera kushandiswa kwacho, mukwidziri akarongwa nokuda kwomutambo wokuita kuti zvinhu zvivepo. Pamutambo, mukumbiri akatora chitupa chaManzwiro [, achiramba ruvimbiko kuhurumende ipi neipi yokumwe uye tsigiro inodzorwa kuMutemo weU.S. Achinge aita mhiko, anogamuchira gwaro rokuzviwanira, rinobatira sechibvumikiso chougari hwemo. Mutambo wacho inhano yokupedzisira yepamutemo inoshandura mugari wechigarire womutemo kuva mugari weU.S.

Nokuda kwenhungamiro yapamutemo panhano imwe neimwe, nongedzera ku USCIS Inquisition neTest peji [[FLT: 1].

Kodzero Dzapamutemo Nemabasa Evagari Vemo Vakaberekwa Vachiberekwa Vari Vomuzvarirwo

Vagari vemo vakasikwa vaine kodzero dzakafanana nedzinoberekwa dzichiva nevagari vemo.

  • Kodzero yokuvhota muvhoti yehurumende, hurumende, uye sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo
  • Kodzero yokuva namahofisi avose mazhinjisa (kunze kwoupurezidhendi nomutevedzeri wapurezidhendi)
  • Kodzero yokukumbira pasipoti yeUnited States ndokufamba norusununguko
  • Kodzero yokukumbira kuti nhengo dzemhuri dzepedyo dzitamire
  • Kodzero yokugadziridza basa rehurumende nokuchengeteka

Zvisinei, kuva mugari wemo kunouyawo nemitoro yapamutemo.

  • Teerera mitemo yose yomubatanidzwa, yehurumende, uye yomunzvimbomo
  • Ripira mitero nemari inotambirwa mudzimba uye munyika dzakawanda
  • Paunoshevedzwa
  • Dzivirira nyika munguva dzokushayiwa (kana zvaidiwa nomutemo)
  • Bvuma nebasa risingasarudzi (kana munhurume kana kuti ane makore 1885)

Zvinokosha kuti, kuva mugari wemo kwakasikwa kunowanzova kwechigarire, asi kunogona kubviswa mumamiriro ezvinhu asingawanzoitiki, akadai sokuti mukwiri wacho abiridzirwa panguva yokuita kuti zvinhu zvivepo. Kubvisa simba romuzvarirwo chiito chapamutemo chinotangwa nehurumende, zvikurukuru kupfurikidza nedare rehurumende. Ikoku kunovimbisa kuti kuvimbika kwougari hwemo kunochengetwa.

Kushanduka - shanduka Kwomutemo Wokuberekwa Nawo

Mutemo wokuita kuti zvinhu zvive zvagara munyika muUnited States wachinja zvikuru kubvira pakatanga nyika. Mutemo wokutanga wetsika, Naturation Act ya1790, wakaganhurira kuva mugari wemo ku “vanhu vachena” vounhu hwakanaka vakanga vagara munyika yacho kwemakore maviri. Iyi ganhuriro yedzinza netsika dzechirume nedzechikadzi yairatidzira tsika dzenzanga nedzezvamatongerwe enyika dzenguva. Mumazana maviri akatevera, mutemo wemusikirwo wakakudzwa kubatanidza vaAmerica kutevera Hondo yeChizvarwa cheAfrica (kupfurikidza neKiviti ye14 uye Chiito cheZvokuberekwa naro), uye gare gare gare kubatanidza vanhu vorudzi rweAsia, avo vakanga vagara vachiwirirana nemhaka yedzinza.

Chinyorwa chenhau Kubatanidza uye Nationality Act ya 1952 yakabvisa ganhuriro dzedzinza nedzechirume ndokubatanidza zvakawanda zvezvinodikanwa zvichiri kushandiswa nhasi. Misiano ya1965 yakabvisa mavambo enyika, kutanga mhuri nokugara kune unyanzvi. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, [[FLT:]] Immigation Act ya1990 [ yakawedzera nhamba yezvirongwa zvebasa zvinotenderwa uye kusuma rotari. Uku kudzora kwakachinja kwakaumbazve nzvimbo yokuverengwa kweUnited States uye kupfuurira kupesvedzera muitiro womusikirwo.

Nokuda kwechikamu chenguva chine udzame, nzvera USA.gov nhau yemitemo yokutama yeU.S..

Matambudziko Okuzvarwa Nawo uye Kutarisirwa Kwepamutemo

Pasinei nokuti zvakagadzirwa sei, kusikwa kwezvinhu kunogona kukonzera zvinetso zvikuru zvematare.

  • Nhamba dzakavakirwa pakushaikwa kwetsika dzakanaka: Tsigiro dzoutsotsi, masimba masimba omumba, mhaka dzemirimo, kana kuti kukundikana kubhadhara tsigiro yavana dzinogona kutungamirira kukuramba. Varidzi vane chinyorwa choutsotsi vanorayirwa kubvunza gweta rokupinda munyika.
  • Kutsiva kana kuti kusiiwa mukushanda: Kudzorwa nefaindi dzakapfuura kana kuti kutaura kwebvunzurudzo kungaguma nedare rinoendesa kumusha nokuda kwokubviswa.
  • Kufamba kwakapfuvura kusvitsa zvinodikanwa zvokugara: kufamba kwakapfuvura kunze kweUnited States kunogona kuputsa chinodikanwa chokugara chinopfuurira.
  • Kuedza kushandura: Kana hurumende ikawana kuti kuva mugari wemo kwakawanwa kupfurikidza nokubiridzira kana kuti kusatendeseka, kunogona kuisa mhaka muvagari vemo kukubvisa ugari hwemo. Kushata hakusati kuri kwenguva dzose asi kunogona kuva nemiuyo inoparadza.

Mukuwedzera, hwirudzuro yedare inowanika nokuda kwavakwidzi vanodavira kuti kushandiswa kwavo kwakarambwa nenzira yakaipa. Vangakwirira mukati meUSCIS kana kuti kunyora dare remhosva mudare reruwa muChikamu 30 cheINA. matare akaita basa rinokosha mukududzira mutemo wokuita zvinhu nenzira yokuberekwa nakwo, kuva nechokwadi chomuitiro wakafanira, uye kujekesa mipimo nokuda kwetsika dzakanaka, mano omutauro, uye batano neBumbiro reMitemo.

Kubatana Muvagari Vemo Nokuberekwa Navo

United States haibvumiri nenzira yapamutemo kuva mugari wemo kuviri mumirau yayo, asi haikurambidziwo. Dare Rapamusorosoro rakarangarira kuti hurumende haisati ichizotora nhano dzokugumisa kuva mugari wokumwe kunze kwokunge yadikanwa zvakananga nomutemo. Senhau inoshanda, vagari vemo vazhinji vanochengeta kuva vagari vomunyika yavo munyika yavo, chero bedzi nyika iyoyo ichikubvumira. Zvisinei, Oath of Allegiance inobatanidza chipikirwa choku “rega nokuchengeta kuzvipira kwose nokutendeka kumumwe mambo upi noupi wokumwe kunze kwokuva nokuvimbika kupfurikidza nomutemo. Hurumende ine simba, kana kuti uchangamire.” Mune dzimwe zviitiko, nyika dzakadai seChina, India, uye Japan dzinoda kuti vanhu varambe kuva vagari vemo kwavo vemo muUnited States, nepose (Canada, United States, uye United States) vabvumira kuva vagari vemo vose.

Vagari vemo vanofanira kuwirirana nemitemo yenyika dzose dziri mbiri, kubatanidza misengwa yemitero, zvinodikanwa zvebasa rehondo, uye ganhuriro dzerwendo. Hurumende yeU. inokurudzira vagari vemo vakazvarwa nadzo kuva vanoziva zvizere nezverevo dzenyika mbiri. Dhipatimendi reHurumende rinogovera nhungamiro paiyi nhau pa Bhureau yeMitemo yeMitemo yeMitemo yeNyika iri pakati penyika mbiri yeUrudzi [[FLT: 1]].

Basa ReUSCIS Negadziriro Yokutonga

Nepo USCIS iri igadziriro huru inobata nokugadzirwa kwomutumbi unodzora, gadziriro yokutonga inoita basa rinokosha rokutarisira. matare eruwa anogona kuita kuti vakwidziridziri vemisikirwo vave vemuzvarirwo, kunyange zvazvo kushambadza kukurusa kwomuzvarirwo kuchiitika kupfurikidza nemhemberero dzehurumende. Dare rinogona kuhwirudzura kuramba, kubudisa mandamus kuti amanikidze chiito pakukumbira kunononozeka, uye kunzwa nhau dzokuchinja zvinhu dzinounzwa nehurumende.

Uyezve, matare anorondedzera INA neBumbiro remitemo mukukakavadzana kwomuzvarirwo. Somuenzaniso, Dare Gurusa rakasarudza pamaruramiro avagari vemo vakasikwa nomuzvarirwo vachipesana navagari vemo vakaberekerwamo, kushandiswa kwomupimo wetsika dzakanaka, uye ukuru hwechinodikanwa chokutsiva. Uku kutarisira kwedare kunovimbisa kuti muitiro wokuita kuti zvinhu zvive zvawo unoramba uchiwirirana nenheyo dzinokosha dzokururama nomuitiro wakafanira.

Kuberekwa Nakwo Nokuchengeteka Kwenyika

Kurangarira chengeteko yenyika kwakasimbiswa zvikuru mumutemo wokuzvigadzira. INA inorambidza kuzivikanwa kwomuzvarirwo kwavanhu vave vari mitezo yamasangano anopandukira, vakaita mabasa ougandanga, kana kuti vakatambudza vamwe muhurumende dzoudzvinyiriri. Nzvero yokunze kwegadziriro yokuita kuti zvinhu zvivepo yakaoma, inobatanidza Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Department of Homeland Security, uye mamwe masangano akangwara.

Pashure pedenho dzaSeptember 11, matanho okuchengeteka okuwedzera akatemwa, kubatanidza chinodikanwa chokuti vakwidziridziridzi vapinze mashoko ezviwirirano zvezvinhu uye vaende kunzi vaende kumazita akawedzerwa. Purogiramu yeUSCIS uye dzimwe nhano dzokushandisa kwakabatana namapepa eUSCIS neruramisiro yeutsotsi uye gadziriro dzechengeteko dzenyika. Nepo aya matanho akaitirwa kudzivirira nyika, vakamutsawo funganyo pamusoro pemiitiro yakafanira nezvikanganiso muzvinyorwa zvinogona kutungamirira kukunonotsa kusina pembedzo kana kuti kuramba.

Nzira Dzokugarisana: Kuberekwa Nako v. Derivative Stateship

Kuzviwanira hausiyo mutoo bedzi wokuwana nawo kuva mugari weU.S.. Vana vanoberekerwa kune imwe nyika kuvabereki vevagari vemo veU.S. vangawana kuva vagari vomunyika mumugariro wakati kuti (ichi chinozivikanwa sounzi . Child Citizenship Act ya2000 yakagovera kuva mugari wemo asingazivikanwi oga nokuda kwavana vokumwe vari pasi pe 18, vanogara muUnited States muchengeterwo yapamutemo neyomuviri womubereki womugari weU.S.

Kuzviwanira, mukupesana, muitiro wokusarudza nokuda kwavakuru avo vanotochengeta nzvimbo yechigarire inobvumirwa nomutemo. Musiyano unokosha nemhaka yokuti kuva mugari wemo kwakasiiwa hakudi kushandira kana kuti muedzo; kunotangwa kupfurikidza nokushanda kwomutemo. Zvisinei, kuwana rugwaro rweChizvarwa (Form N-600 kana kuti N-600K) kuri madikanwa kuva nechibvumikiso chapamutemo nokuda kwebetsero dzehurumende.

Kupedzisa: Zvinoreva Kuberekwa Uchiberekwa Uchiberekwa Uchi

Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvokuzvarwa nazvo kunoramba kuri chinhu chinokosha chemitemo yeAmerica uye kubvumirana nemhiko yenyika yokubatanidza vatami mutsika yayo.Muitiro wacho wakarongeka zvikuru, uchivimbisa kuti vagari vatsva vakagadzirira kushandisa kodzero dzavo nokuita mabasa avo. Kubva mukupa kwapamutemo simba rehurumende, kusvikira kugadziriro dzine udzame dzeINA, kubasa rezuva nezuva revakuru vakuru veUSCIS uye vatongi vehurumende, kusimukirirwo inhambo huru yepamutemo inotapura mamiriyoni oupenyu hwegore rimwe nerimwe.

Nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anorangarira kuva anozivikanwa nomuzvarirwo, kunzwisisa gadziriro yapamutemo inhano yokutanga. Rwendo rwacho runoda shiviriro, kugadzirira, uye kazhinji kazhinji nhungamiro yapamutemo. Asi mubayiro wacho wakazara muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yekare zvikuru yenyika yose (jenaguru rinosarudzwa nomutemo) sezvo kuva mugari wemo weU.S. kunochinja nomutemo, kuva musikirwo kuchapfuurira kuva bhiriji rinokosha pakati pechipikirwa cheAmerica Dram neuchokwadi hwomutemo weAmerica.