Table of Contents

Kubvumirwa neCongress musi waSeptember 25, 1789, uye kwakapiwa musi waDecember 15, 1791, ipapa yeBhishopu yekodzero dzeVanhu inodzivirira rusununguko runokosha runorondedzera upenyu muUnited States.

Rugwaro Rwose Rwe Amendeji Yokutanga

First Amendment inoti: “Hapana mutemo unorambidza kushandiswa kwawo kwakasununguka kworudzidziso, kana kuti kuganhurira rusununguko rwokutaura, kana rwokubudisa nhau; kana kodzero yavanhu yokuungana norugare, uye kukumbira Hurumende kugadzirisa zvigumbu.

Mutongo mumwe chete uyu unodzivirira rusununguko rwakasiyana rushanu runoshanda pamwe chete kuti pave nechokwadi chokutora rutivi kwehurumende yegutsaruzhinji uye rusununguko rwomunhu.

Nhoroondo Nekodzero Dzevanhu

Pashure peKinstitution yeChibvumirano cheBumbiro reMitemo ra 1787, hurumende dzinoverengeka dzakaramba kutsigira Bumbiro idzva reMitemo nemhaka yokuti rakanga risina Bill of Rights, uye idzi nyika dzakangobvumirana bedzi kusaina pagadziriro itsva yehurumende yeAmerica kana Congress ikavimbisa kuwedzera dziviriro dzorusununguko rwokutaura, rudzidziso, uye pepanhau. Rusununguko rworudzidziso rwakanga rwuri pfungwa inokosha zvikuru nokuda kwavarwi vazhinji veAmerica, sezvo mapoka orudzidziso anoverengeka, kubatanidza Quakers, Episcopallian, uye vaPresbyterian, vakatamira kunzvimbo dzokumwe kuEngland kuti vatize chitambudzo pamusoro pezvitendero zvavo zvorudzidziso.

James Madison akabvuma kunyora Bill of Rights iyi, yaibatanidza First Amendment, maruramiro eChipiri okutakura zvombo, uye kodzero dzakakodzera, uye akavakira chibvumirano chake paVirginia’s Virginia Declaration of Rights. Gumi rezvibvumirano 12 zvakakarakadzwa zvakatenderwa nevezvikamu zvitatu zvemitemo yehurumende musi waDecember 15, 1791, uye Zvikamu zvakatenderwa zvinoumba muganhu weMitemo we10 wokutanga, kana kuti U.S.

Rusununguko Rushanu Rwakadzivirirwa Ne Amendedzero Yokutanga

First Amendment inovimbisa rusununguko pamusoro porudzidziso, kutaura, ungano, uye maruramiro okukumbira. Ngatinzverei imwe neimwe yeiyi dziviriro huru muudzame.

Rusununguko Rwechitendero: Madhigirii maviri anokosha aClaus

Rusununguko rwomutauro worudzidziso rwokutanga runoputswa kuva mativi maviri anokosha: chitsama chakasununguka chechitsama chamashoko nechikamu chakagadzwa. Izvi zvinhu zviviri zvinoshandira pamwe chete kudzivirira rusununguko rworudzidziso mumativi akasiyana.

Kutangwa kwaClaus

Kugadzwa kwaClaus kunorambidza zvose zviri zviviri kusimudzira rudzidziso rumwe kupfuura rumwe uyewo kuganhurira miitiro yorudzidziso yomunhu. Chibvumirano chaClaus chinoreva zvimwe izvi: Kana kuti hurumende kana kuti Hurumende yeFederal haigoni kugadza chechi, uyewo kugona kuisa mitemo inobetsera rudzidziso rumwe, inobetsera rudzidziso rwose, kana kuti kutsigira rudzidziso rumwe, uye haigoni kumanikidza kana kuti kupesvedzera munhu kuenda kana kuti kuramba ari kure nechechi mukurwisana nokuda kwake kana kuti kumumanikidza kutaura chitendero kana kuti kusadavira murudzidziso rupi norupi norupi norupi.

Thomas Jefferson navamwe vakanongedzera kuiyi pfungwa se "paradzano yechechi nehurumende," kunyange zvazvo mutauro iwoyo usiri rutivi rwegadziridzo imene. Iyi nheyo inovimbisa kuti hurumende inoramba isina kwavakarerekera munhau dzokutenda, kwete kubvumira kana kuti kudzongonyedza muitiro worudzidziso.

Hapana munhu anogona kurangwa nokuda kwokuvaraidza kana kuti kutaura zvitendero zvorudzidziso kana kuti kusadavira, nokuda kwokupinda chechi kana kuti kusada mari, uye pasina mutero muchitsama chipi nechipi, chikuru kana chiduku, unogona kupiwa kutsigira mibato ipi neipi yorudzidziso kana kuti masangano, chipi kana chipi chavangadanwa, kana kuti chimiro chipi nechipi chavangagamuchira kuti vadzidzise kana kuti vashandise rudzidziso.

Kurovedza Claus Kwakasununguka

First Amendment inovimbisa kuti munhu anogona kushandisa kana kushandisa rudzidziso rwake pasina kupindira kwehurumende uye kuti hurumende yeUnited States haigoni kugadza rudzidziso rworudzi kana kuti kuda rumwe rudzidziso kupfuura rumwe.

Kuedza Remoni

MuLemon v. Kurtzman (1971), Dare rakatanga nzvero yemativi matatu kuti rione kana mutemo "waimonerwa" nerudzidziso uchiputswa nechikamu chakagadzwa, uchibvunza, kuti: Mutemo une donzo renyika here? Ko muuyo mukuru womutemo wacho mumitoro parudzidziso here, kana kuti unopfuuridzira rudzidziso here? Kuedza uku kwakashandiswa muzvinoitika zvakawanda kunzvera kana zviito zvehurumende zvichiputsa chibvumirano chaClaus.

Rusununguko Rwokutaura: Musika Wepfungwa

Rusununguko rwokutaura runowanzoshandiswa pakudzivirira vanhu paFirst Amendment.

Mutongi Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. akazivisa kuti "muedzo wakanakisisa wezvokwadi isimba romufungo wokuzviita umene unogamuchirwa mumakwikwi emisika". Uyu musoro weMitemo yePurcement First Amendment unobva payakawanda, unoratidzira chitendero chokuti kurukurirano yakasununguka neyakazaruka pakupedzisira inotungamirira kumigumisiro iri nani nokuda kwenzanga.

Chii Chinokosha Sokutaura?

Dare Rapamusoro rakanetseka nenhau yeichi chinonzi "rech" nokuda kwezvinangwa zveFirst Amendment, uye rakawana kuti kutaura kungapfuura shoko rinotaurwa nerakanyorwa munharaunda yomufambiro wokutaura, umo zviito zvinotumira shoko rokufananidzira. Somuenzaniso, kupisa mureza kana kuti kupfeka bhendi dema roruoko kwakawana dziviriro yeFirst Amendment, uye nhau dzinobatanidza kutsigira kutsigira bhizimisi dzakaratidza kuti pane dzimwe nguva kunyange kushandiswa kwakati kwemari kunorangarirwa kuva kutaura.

Zvipingamupinyi zvezvinenge zvirimo zvakadzika midzi.

Musiyano pakati pemitemo yakavakirwa pazviri mukati neisinei nezvinobatanidzwa wakaita basa guru muzvinoitika zvorusununguko rwokutaura, nemitemo yakavakirwa pazviri inodzora kutaura kwakavakirwa pachinhu chayo, nepo mitemo yezvirimo inodzora nguva, nzvimbo, uye mutoo wokutaura. Hurumende ine mutoro unorema mukudzivirira ganhuriro dzakavakirwa pazviri, sezvo ichifanira kuongororwa zvikuru, nepo mirau inosatora rutivi inohwirudzurwa muchimiro chokunzvera kwenguva pfupi, uko kunoreva kuti ine bviro huru yokupukunyuka denho.

Kukurukurirana Kwavanhu Kworumano

Dare Rapamusoro rakazivisa kuti musengwa mukuru weFirst Amendment ndewokuti “kurega kubatanidzwa panhau dzavose kunofanira kuva kusingadzorwi, kwakasimba, uye kwakajeka". Mutongi William J.Brennan Jr. akanyora kuti“ kana pane nheyo inotsamira paFirst Amendment, ndiko kuti hurumende ingasarambidza kutaura kwepfungwa nemhaka bedzi yokuti nzanga inowana pfungwa yacho ichishora kana kuti isingagamuchiriki.

Rusununguko Rwemapepanhau: Kungwarira Ubati Ushe Hwehurumende Hunodzora

Kudzivirirwa uku kunoita kuti vatori venhau vakwanise kuongorora, kushuma, uye kubudisa mashoko pamusoro pemabasa ehurumende, mufambiro usina kunaka, uye nyaya dzinonetsa vanhu vasati vazvidzora kana kuti kuongorora.

Mapepanhau akasununguka anobetsera kuchengeta vagari vemo vachiziviswa pamusoro penhau dzinokosha, kufumura ushati nechakaipa, uye kupfavisa muitiro wehurumende yehurumende yegutsaruzhinji kupfurikidza nokugovera vavhoti vemashoko vanofanira kuita zvisarudzo zvokuziva.

Mapepanhau uye materevhizheni haangotauri nezvemapepanhau uye zvinobudisa nhau chete, asi anosanganisira mabhuku, makombiyuta, mapurogiramu epaIndaneti, uye dzimwe nzira dzokukurukurirana pakombiyuta.

Rusununguko Rwegungano: Kodzero Yokuunganidza

First Amendment inovimbisa "kodzero yavanhu kuungana norugare," uye pfungwa yokuti kuungana kunokosha kuhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu inoshanda ine chokuita nechitendero chokuti vanhu vanotsigira pfungwa vachakombamira kukuva vakakurumbira. Muna 1930, Dare Rapamusoro rakayerwa parudyi rwegungano, richiziva munhau inokosha kuti kodzero yokuunganidza pamwe chete senzwi rimwe rakakwirira rinopa dziviriro yebumbiro remitemo.

Rusununguko urwu runodzivirira kodzero yokupindira mukurwisana kune rugare, kupinda misangano inoitirwa misangano, kuronga kuratidzira, uye kuungana munzvimbo dzavose kuti vataure maonero avo ose.

Rusununguko Kuzvikumbiro: Kutsvaka Hurumende Kunoderedza

Kodzero yokukumbira hurumende nokuda kwokugadziridza zvichemo inobvumira vagari vemo kukurukura zvakananga navamiriri vavo vakasarudzwa, kupomera hurumende mhaka, kuzviisa nyunyuto dzepamutemo, uye kutsvaka chinjo kumitemo nemitemo. urwu rusununguko runovimbisa kuti hurumende inoramba ichiita chimwe chinhu kuvanhu uye kuti vagari vemo vane mikoto yakarongwa yokuratidzira kusagutsikana uye kutsvaka mishonga nokuda kwokusaruramisira kunooneka.

Kukumbira kunogona kuva nezvimiro zvakawanda, kubatanidza kunyorera tsamba vamiriri, kusaina zvikumbiro, kunyunyuta namasangano ehurumende, kupupurira pakutonga kwapachena, uye kuunza denho dzapamutemo mudare.

Miganhu Inokosha Pakodzero Dzokutanga Dzokugadzirisa Zvinhu

Nepo First Amendment ichigovera dziviriro dzakasimba nokuda kwerusununguko rukuru, idzi maruramiro haasati ari akakwana.

Ngozi Yakajeka Neyazvino

Mutungamiriri weNasholizimu Party of the First Amereka Charles Schenck akawanirwa mhaka muMutemo weEspionage wa1917 nokuda kwokubudisa mapepa anokurudzira kushora kunyorwa kwechiuto, uye Schenck akakwirira, achiramba kuti Espionage Act yaiputsa Free Spee Clause of the First Amendment, asi muSchenc. United States, Dare Rapamusoro rakaramba kukwirira kwaSchenc uye rakasimbisa kupwisa kwake.

Mutongi Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. akatsanangura kuti "mubvunzo munhau iri yose ndowokuti mashoko anoshandiswa anoshandiswa mumigariro yakadaro uye ndeworudzi rwakadaro rwokuparira ngozi yakajeka neyazvino zvokuti achaparira zvakaipa zvinoparirwa neKokorodzano ine maruramiro okudzivisa. Schenck gare gare akachinjwa naBrandenburg v. Ohio, iyo yakataura kuti kutaura kwaigona kuganhurirwa kana kwaizonyandura chiito che "chisakarurama chikuru."

Uori uye Zvinonyadzisira Zvevana

Nyika dzine maruramiro okusarudza zvikuru mukudzikamiswa kwemifananidzo yavana yevatano, uye mupimo waMiller v. California wokusarudza chiri chinonyadzisa pamutemo hachisi chigadzikiso chinogutsa kuchinetso chevana chevatano.

Mashoko Okurwisa Netyisidziro Dzechokwadi

Muma1940, mumwe murume akadana mupurisa kuti "mutengesi wemari akapikiswa naMwari" uye "munyengeri aisafanira kutongwa" akasungwa, uye Dare rakatsigira kutsigira kwake. (kurwa) mashoko okutuka vamwe vanhu akataurwa nemaune kuvanhu vamwe navamwe vangangonyandura chisimba nokukurumidza) anobuda kunze kwedziviriro yeFirst Amendment.

Zvisinei, matare anosiyanisa mashoko okutuka neokurwa muTexas Johnson (1999), Dare harina kuona kusvibiswa kwomureza pachena kusingasarudzirwi uye, kutaura idi, rakakurangarira kuva chimiro chokutaura kwakadzivirirwa: nepo chiito chacho chakanga chichigumbura, chairehwa sokutuka kwomunhu oga kwomunhu upi noupi aipfuura.

Vengai Kupara mhaka.

Mutongi Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. akataura kuti "Rusununguko nokuda kwomufungo watinovenga" runovimbiswa, uye Dare rakaruziva, somuSnyder v. Phelps (2011), uko Dare rakawana kuti vanhu vamwe navamwe vaitora mariro ehondo vane zviratidzo zvekuti "Mwari Anovenga Varwi" uye "Onga Mwari Nokuda Kwavashakabvu" vakanga vachiita mukati memiganhu yeFirst Amendment.

Zvisinei, kusiyana kuripo pakati pokutaura kworuvengo nemhosva dzokuvenga, sezvo utsotsi hunonyandura utsotsi kana kuti kutyisidzira vanhu vakati kana kuti mapoka uye naizvozvo kusiri kwapamutemo.

Kupandukira uye Kusunungurwa

Kutaura kwenhema kweidi kwokuti mukurumbira womumwe munhu ungava kuzvidza (kutaurwa) kana kuti kunyorwa). Zvisinei, mipimo yokubvumikisa kushatisa inosiana zvichitsamira pakuti mushori munhu oga kana kuti munhu anozivikanwa navanhu. Nhamba dzavanhu navakuru vakuru vanotarisana nomutoro mukuru weufakazi, unoda kuratidzira "utsinye hwechiito") kuti mupomerwi aiziva kuti kutaura kwacho kwakanga kuri kwenhema kana kuti kunoitwa nokuzvidza kwokusangwarira zvokwadi.

Kunyandurira Chiito Chisina Kutsaurwa Chomutemo

Kutaura kunonangidzirwa kukunyandura kana kuti kuita chiito chokusateerera mutemo chiri pedyo uye kungabvira kuparira chiito chakadaro kungaganhurirwa. Uyu mupimo, wakagadzwa muBrandenburg v. Ohio, wakatsiva njodzi yapakuvamba naparipo" uye unogovera gadziriro yokudzivirira kutaura nepo uchingobvumira hurumende kudzivisa tyisidziro dzechokwadi kukotsekano yavose.

Chiratidzo Chenhau Dzedare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa Dzinoshatisa Mutemo Wokutanga

Mumakore anopfuura mazana maviri emhosva dzedare, Dare Repamusorosoro reUnited States rave richinzi rinofanira kutsanangura First Amendment kuti rione kuti kodzero idzi dzinokosha dzakakura zvakadini.

Des Moines (1969): Vadzidzi Kodzero Dzokutaura

Munhau iyi yairangarira kodzero dzeFirst Amendment dzevadzidzi (John First Tinker, Christopher Eckhardt, uye Mary Beth Tinker) avo vakadzingwa pashure pokupfeka zvibairo zvemaoko zvitema kuchikoro mukuramba kwokufananidzira kweHondo yeVietnam, Dare Rapamusoro rakataura kuti vadzidzi "havaregi kodzero dzavo dzemitemo pagedhi rechikoro" uye kuti Gadziriro Yokutanga Inodzivirira Kodzero yevadzidzi vechikoro yehurumende yokuratidza mirangariro yezvamatongerwe enyika neyenzanga.

Kutaura kusingadzoreki, kusingaratidziki, kwokufananidzira hakugoni kuongororwa nemhaka bedzi yokuti kunoita kuti vamwe vasafare, kupfeka zvombo kwokufananidzira hakugoni kuratidzwa kudzongonyedza chirango chechikoro, uye Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa rakavamba "Kuedza kweTinker", mupimo uyo zvikoro zvavose zvinofanira kusangana pamberi pokuganhurira pamutemo kutaura kwakasununguka kana kuti kutaura kwavadzidzi.

Engel (1962): Munyengetero wechikoro

Chikoro chinotanga kunyengetera mugadziriro yezvikoro zvavose chinoputsa First Amendment, somugadziriro yechikoro cheNew York, zuva rimwe nerimwe rakavamba nomunyengetero usiri wezvitendero wokubvuma rutsamiro rwaMwari. ichi chiito chakadenhwa muDare sekuumbwa kwerudzidziso kusina pamutemo mukuputswa kweFirst Amendment, uye Dare Rapamusoro Rakabvuma, richitaura kuti hurumende haigoni kutsigira mibato yakadaro yorudzidziso.

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964): Chaizvoizvo Malice Standard

Iyi nhau inokosha yakavamba mupimo we‘utsinye hwechiito ’ nokuda kwokuzvidzwa kwaiunzwa navakuru vakuru vehurumende. Chisarudzo chakaziva kuti gakava rakasimba panhau dzavose rinoda nzvimbo yokufema nokuda kwechikanganiso, uye kuti vakuru vakuru voruzhinji vanofanira kubvumikisa kuti kutaura kwenhema kwakaitwa nezivo younyengeri hwavo kana kuti nokuzvidza zvokwadi kwokusangwarira.

Johnson (1989): Kupisa Mureza

Dare rakati kupisa mureza weAmerica sechimiro chokuramba kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunoumba kutaura kwokufananidzira kwakadzivirirwa muFirst Amendment.ichi chisarudzo chakaitiranwa nharo chakasimbisa kuti hurumende haigoni kurambidza kutaura nemhaka bedzi yokuti nzanga inokuona kuchitsamwisa kana kuti kusingafadzi.

Kubvumira Kuchinja Kwokutanga Kuchienderana Nemamiriro Ezvinhu

Zvikoro Zvavose Namaruramiro Avadzidzi

Vadzidzi vanochengeta maruramiro eFirst Amendment muzvikoro zvavose, asi aya maruramiro angadzikamiswa mukurwisana nefariro yechikoro mukuchengeta mhoteredzo yedzidzo yakarongeka. Zvikoro zvavose zvinogona kudzora, neganhuriro dzakati, zviri mumashoko avadzidzi uye zvimwe zvinyorwa zvinobhadharwa nechikoro ndokupiwa zita racho, sezvo mapepanhau avadzidzi achirangarirwa kuva anoganhurirwa vanhu vose (sokunge kunzvimbo dzavose) uye zvinozviisa pasi pedziviriro duku dzePramendement, uye vadzidzi havasati vachiputswa nezvinyorwa zvokutsiva zvechikoro apo vanonzvera chikoro chinosaririra, nokudaro kwenguva refu sezvo zviito zvavo zvinorangarirwa nenzira ine mufungo kuva zvinobatanidzwa kunhau dzedzidzo.

Vashandi Vehurumende

Zvisinei, vashandi vehurumende pavanotaura sevashandi panyaya dzinofarirwa nevanhu pane kuti vazvifarire, kutaura kwavo kungasadzivirirwa zvikuru.

Mari Yenhimbe

Matare akanetseka nokudzikamisa zvinhu zvine chokuita nouori uye uori hwaioneka mune zvematongerwo enyika.

Zvikoro Zvorudzidziso Neyamuro yeHurumende

Kutangwa uye kurovedza muviri kwapachena kunowanzosimbisana, kuchisiya Dare Rapamusoro nedenho yokusarudza muuyo wakanakisisa unowirirana neFirst Amendment, sezvo nhau dzakawanda dzorusununguko rworudzidziso dzisingagoni kutsigira zvikoro zvorudzidziso, uye hurumende nehurumende dzehurumende dzinotsigira zvikoro zvorudzidziso, asi pane mubvunzo wokuti pane pfundo here umo kunyimwa kwavo yamuro yehurumende kunoputsa chikamu chemashoko chokushandisa kwapachena.

Kugadziridzwa Kwokutanga Muzera Renhamba

Ruzivo rwekugadzira zvinhu parunochinja matauriro edu, mashoko eFirst Amendment ari kuramba achichinja.

Matare zvino anofanira kukurukura nhau dzakadai sokuti makambani anokurukurirana nevanhu anogona kumanikidzwa kubvumira zvinhu zvakati kuti zviri kutaurwa, kuti kudzivirirwa kweFirst Amendment kunoshanda sei pakutaura paIndaneti, uye kana zvikuva zvemichina zvichishanda sezvirongwa zvevoruzhinji kana kuti semasangano emunhu oga ane kodzero dzawo dzokutaura. Mibvunzo iyi ichaumba nguva yemberi yokutaura norusununguko munyika inowedzera.

Kukwira kweInternet kwakabvumira munhu upi noupi ane intaneti kubudisa mashoko ndokusvika vateereri munyika yose. Uku kuwedzera kwemikana yokutaura kunounzawo zvinetso, kusanganisira kupararira kwemashoko asiri echokwadi, kunetsa paIndaneti, uye nharo pamusoro pokuti zviri muzvikuva zvine mutoro wevashandi.

Kudzikamisa Kodzero Nemabasa

Kunzwisisa kodzero dzeFirst Amendment kunoda kuziva zvose rusununguko rwazvinodzivirira uye mitoro inouya nokushandisa rusununguko irworwo.

Vashandirwi, somuenzaniso, vangaranga vashandi nokuda kwokutaura kunopesana nemitemo yebasa kana kuti kushatisa mukurumbira wekambani. Masangano enzanga angabvisa magumo anopesana nezvinodiwa pabasa. Zviito izvi zvapachivande hazviputsi First Amendment, inoganhurira chiito chehurumende bedzi, kwete mufambiro womunhu oga.

Kunyange zvazvo mutemo ungadzivirira kutaura kunogumbura kana kuti kunomutsa nharo, kurangarira kwetsika netsika zvenzanga zvinokurudzira hurukuro yokufunga, yokuremekedza inoita kuti vanhu vanzwisise pane kupikisana.

Mirangariro Inozivikanwa Navose Pamusoro Pe Amendedzero Yokutanga

Kuchinja Kwokutanga Kunongorambidza Kuitwa Nehurumende

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinofungwa zvisiri izvo zvinozivikanwa zvikuru ndechokuti First Amendment inodzivirira migumisiro yose yokutaura.Chokwadi, First Amendment inongorambidza kuongororwa kwehurumende uye chirango.

Kutaura Kwakasununguka Hakusi Kwoga

Sezvambotaurwa, mamwe marudzi okutaura haadzivirirwi, uye kunyange kutaura kwakachengeteka kungarambidzwa nguva, nzvimbo, uye maitiro.

Mhedziso Yokutanga Inodzivirira Kutaura Kwose

Nepo First Amendment ichidzivirira kuratidzirwa kwakasiyana - siyana, kubatanidza mufambiro wokufananidzira nemibato inoratidzirwa, hachisi mufambiro wose unokurukura shoko unodzivirirwa.

Zvishandiso Zvinoshanda: Kuziva Kodzero Dzako

Kuratidzira Kworugare Neratidziro

Zvisinei, hurumende dzingaisa ganhuriro dzine mufungo, nzvimbo, uye mutoo zvinoganhurirwa — zvakadai sokuda mvumo nokuda kwekuungana kukuru kana kuti kudzivisa kuratidzira kunovhara motokari (pakare bedzi idzi ganhuriro dzichiva dzakazaruka uye dzichisiya dzimwe nzira dzekurukurirano.

Kuratidzirwa Kworudzidziso Munzvimbo Dzavose

Hurumende haigoni kurambidza kutaura kwechitendero nokuti kunoitika paruzhinji, kunyange zvazvo ingaisa mitemo isina kwayakarerekera inoshanda zvakaenzana kumarudzi ose okutaura.

Vakuru Vakuru Vehurumende Vanorevedza

Vagari vomunharaunda vangataura kusagutsikana nevatungamiriri vakasarudzwa, kupikisa zvisarudzo zvehurumende, uye kutsigira kuchinja kwemitemo pasina kutya kutsiva kwehurumende.

Kuwana Mashoko eHurumende

Nepo First Amendment isingavimbisi zvakajeka kuwana mashoko ehurumende, rusununguko rwezvinobudisa nhau nekodzero yokukumbira kutsigira kuoneka nokuwana zvinyorwa zvehurumende.

Mhindumupindu Inofambira Mberi Yomutemo Wokutanga Womutemo Wokugadziridza

Nhau dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi dzakakurukura nhau dzakadai semurayiro wemasangano enhau, kusabvumirwa kwechitendero kunowanzoshanda, kuchinja kwezvemari, uye miganhu yekutaura kwevadzidzi panguva yetsika.

Matare anofanira kudzikamisa zvinhu zvinoda kukwikwidzana, kutsanangura mashoko emitemo zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu epanguva ino, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti kudzivirirwa kweFirst Amendment kunoramba kune chinangwa uye kuchibudirira.

Kuumbwa kweDare Gurusa uye uzivi hwedare zvinopesvedzera kuti nhau dzeFirst Amendment dzinosarudzwa sei. Vatongi vakasiyana - siyana vangasimbisa mipimo yakasiyana - siyana(yakadai sorusununguko rwomunhu oga, kuzvitonga kwoutongi hwehurumende, kana kuti kurongeka kwenzanga) zvichitungamirira kududziro dzakasiyana - siyana dzedziviriro dzebumbiro remitemo.

Chikonzero Nei Kugadziridzwa Kwokutanga Kuchikosha

Kupfurikidza nokudzivirira rusununguko rworudzidziso, kutaura, kubudisa nhau, kuungana, uye chikumbiro, kunovimbisa kuti vagari vemo vanogona kutora rutivi zvizere muupenyu hwomunzanga, kudenha dzidziso inogamuchirwa, uye kutsvaka zvokwadi kupfurikidza nekurukurirano yapachena nebvunzo.

Rusununguko urwu runoita kuti vanhu vafambire mberi munzanga nokubvumira pfungwa itsva kuti dzibude ndokukwikwidza mumisika yepfungwa.

Kunzwisisa First Amendment (Idzi ndidzo dziviriro, ganhuriro, uye kushandiswa kunoshanda kwezvinoitwa — kunopa vagari vemo vanoshandisa maruramiro avo nenzira inobudirira uye kudzivirira maruramiro iwayo apo vanotyisidzirwa.

Zviwanikwa Zvokudzidza Zvakawanda

Nokuda kwaavo vanofarira kukudza nzwisiso yavo yekodzero dzeFirst Amendment nomutemo wenhau, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinowanika:

mhedziso

First Amendment inobatanidza mipimo mikuru yeAmerica yorusununguko, mhatsa, uye kutora rutivi kwehurumende yechiito.

Matare akaumba dzidziso dzakajeka dzokudzikamisa kutaura kwakasununguka pazvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha, zvakadai sokuchengeteka kwevanhu vose, mukurumbira wavo, uye kutarisirwa zvakanaka kweruramisiro.

Sevagari vemo, tinobatsirwa neFirst Amendment inodzivirira zuva nezuva — kana tichinamata maererano nezvatinodavira, tichitaura zvatinofunga, tichitaura zvatinofunga, tichiverenga mabhuku enhau azvimirira, tichiungana nevamwe vanobvuma maonero edu, uye tichiteterera hurumende kuti ichinje.

Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa icho First Amendment inoreva chaizvoizvo — rugwaro, nhau, kududzira kwedare, uye kushandiswa kunoshanda kwaro — tinogona kunzwisisa zviri nani rusununguko rwarinodzivirira ndokushanda kuvachengetedza nokuda kwezvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi. Munguva yechinjo yokugadzirwa kwezvinhu inokurumidza uye chinjo munzanga, nheyo dzakabatanidzwa muFirst Amendment dzinoramba dzinokosha sezvinobvira nakare kuti nzanga yakasununguka, yakasununguka, uye youbati ushe hwehurumende ishande.