Zvinorehwa Nebasa Rokusarudza reIndia Mumafambiro Edemocratic

ECI yakashanduka kuva sangano rinodzora nenzira yapamutemo rinotarisira kusarudza kuLok Sabha, Raja Sabha, hurumende inotonga hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, yakaronzeswa basa guru rokutungamirira noMutungamiriri wehurumende akasununguka, anoruramisira, uye anoisa pachena. Kubvira pakugadzwa kwaro muna 1950, ECI yakava mutengi wechiremera chinodzora, ichivimbisa kuti kuda kwavanhu kunoratidzirwa zvakarurama mukuumbwa kwehurumende. Murudzi rwavanopfuura mamiriyoni 900 okuvhota, uye mahofisi ebasa ePrezidhesi naMutungamiriri wehurumende. Basa raro rinotambanurira kupfuura kunyoreswa kwehurumende; ibasa renhau iri; ibasa rokunzvera kwapamutemo, rinosimbisa kuti kuda kwavanhu kuonekwe zvakarurama mukuumbwa kwapamutemo kwehurumende. Mune migariro inodzokororo yehurumende inodzorwa zviri pamutemo, ECI inochengeta kusarudzwa kwezvikamu zvose zvoupenyu hwehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende.

Mamiriro Ezvinhu Enhau Nenheyo

Ecount Commission of India yakaitwa musi wa25 January 1950, rimwe zuva India isati yava repabhuriki. Vatongi veBumbiro reMitemo, vaitungamirirwa naDr.Ambedkar, vakaziva kuti muchina weSarudzo wakasimba uye usina rusaruro wakanga uchikosha kuti utsigire hurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu munyika yakasiyana - siyana. Chikamu 324 cheConstitution state stances percentidencencencence, nhungamiro, uye kudzorwa kweSarudzo muEcom. Iyi mitemo inopa kuti ECI ive mwero wokuzvitonga usingawanzowaniki pakati pemitumbi yevaratori vehurumende munyika yose. Commission yakatanga kuva nechikwata chimwe chete cheEcom (CEC). Zvisinei, muna 1989, yakawedzerwa kuboka renhengo dzakawanda dzeCCCCC naEOst coumbiast com commotion.

Bumbiro reMitemo rinovimbisa kuzvimirira kweECI kupfurikidza nedziviriro dzinoverengeka. CEC inogona bedzi kubviswa kupfurikidza nomuitiro wokusatenderwa kwakafanana nouko kwomutongi weDare Gurusa, ichida voruzhinji vane mativi maviri mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri dzeParamende. Vabati veSangano vanofarikanya chengeteko yakafanana, kunyange zvazvo vachitenderwa parumbidzo yeCEC. Miripo nemigariro yebasa yeCEC neEcostation Commistssss vanopomerwa mhosva paChipombiso cheContiod Fund yeIndia, vachiita kuti vasatane nevhooti yegore negore yeParamendement. Idzi gadziriro dzinodzivirira Komishoni dzebasa papesvedzero yehurumende, dzichiibvumira kuita somubati wezveri pakati pamabato ezvematongerwe enyika.

Gadziriro Yesangano Neautonomy

ECI inoshanda pamwero mitatu: Commission (Chief Communist and Ecommunist Commissions), Sectariat (akurumidzwa noMunyori Mukuru weEcommution Commission), uye mubatanidzwa mukuru wevakuru vakuru veminda. Pamwero wenyika, Commission inoita mirayiridzo, inotungamirira mirayiridzo, uye inotarisira mufambiro wechisarudzo. Mutengi anobata basa rezuva kusvikira kuzuva, kuronga, uye kubatana. Pamwero mukuru wehurumende Electoral Commist (CEOs) anogadzwa kuti atarisire basa resarudzo mukati memaratisitiridzo. Varwi voruwa vanodzora vanodzora muganhu voruwa, nepo vanodzokera vadzorwa nokuda kwokudzorwa.

Kuzvitonga kweECI hakungovi hako kwebumbiro remitemo asi kushanda. Commission ine simba rokupa mirayiridzo inosunga kuhurumende, mabato ezvamatongerwe enyika, uye vada kutevera mufambiro wesarudzo. Kunogona kuderedza kana kuti kutsiva kusarudzo kana migariro yokunzverwa kwapachena neyakarurama isati yasangana. ECI inewo chiremera chokunyoresa masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika ndokuaziva semapoka enyika kana kuti ehurumende akavakirwa pamipimo yedonzo, nokudaro kudzora nzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika. Uku kuzvimirira kunokosha kunotodza kunonetsa kuchengeta chivimbo chavose, zvikurukuru mumhoteredzo inowanzoratidzirwa nokudzorwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika uye kupomeranwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika.

Mabasa eCore uye Mabasa

Kunyoresa Nemari uye Marock

Rimwe ramabasa eECI akavakirwa paECI igadziriro, gadziridzo, uye kubudiswa kwemarobhorosa. Commission inoitisa kudzokororwa kwechikamu chenguva nenhambo zvemarobhoti kuti ive nechokwadi chokuti mugari wemo wose akakodzera akarongwa. Kutanga kwepaIndaneti yePortal [[FL:0] National Voters’s Service Port Port (NVSP)[FLP] [FLT] yakapfavisa kunyoresa kunyoresa, kuchigonesa vagari vemo kuti vashandise, nzira, uye kururamisa udzame hwavo hwemiitiro. ECI inofambisawo nhizha huru yokuziva vavhotera, setsika yeSayetisiti yeDy Votertal Portriation neEmealt (EP), kusimudzira nokunyora kunyoresa, zvikurukuru pakati penzanga dzenzanga dzinodzoserana. Kunyora mashoko akabviswa nemitemo kuti zvitsarisorotetetetetetetete reze kuti zvitetetesetete mamiriro.

Kunyora Nokunyora

ECI inotarisira muitiro wose wokutora mukwaniriso, kubva pakunyorwa kweaffidavits kusvikira pakunzvera nokurega. Vatsigiri vanofanira kuzivisa tsotsi ravo rinenge raitwa, zvinhu, zvikanganiso, uye zvikwaniriso zvedzidzo muchimiro chakanyorwa. Komishoni inoonesa izvi zvikamu uye inozviita pachena, inosimudzira kujeka. Inogadzawo nhamba hurusa yecontituets inogona kukwikwikwidza (zvino zvino zviviri) ndokusimbisa Dare reModel of Faial (MCCC) mukati menhambo inodzorwa. MCC, kunyange zvazvo isina kuisa pamutemo, yazova chishandiso chine simba chokudzora kutaura, zvipikirwa, uye kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa nebato zvinotongwa.

Muenzaniso Womufambiro

Model Code of Faith igadziriro yenhungamiro dzakabudiswa neECI nokuda kwamapati ezvamatongerwe enyika navanosarudzwa mukati mesarudzo. Inofukidza mativi akadai somufambiro wose, misangano, mafora, kuranga kwezuva rokuvhota, uye zvirimo zvesarudzo. MCC inoshanda kubva pamusi apo rusarudzo runoziviswa uye runoramba ruchipfuurira kusvikira kupera kwemuitiro wechisarudzo. ECI ine chiremera chokupa nyevero, kushora, kana kuti kunyange zvazvo kuchirambidza kutsigira kuputswa kwouteresi. Mu 2019, Com yainga yaingwa zvikuru, ichibudisa zviuru zvezviziviso zveMCC revo. MCCC yakarumbidzwa nokuda kwokudzika mitambo pakati pezvitsauko nezvipingamupinyi, kunyange zvazvo zvichiramba zviri zvisingawirirani munharaunda dzomuruwa.

Kushatisa Nokuwedzera Kwazvo

Kuronga kwokuita sarudzo muIndia kunokatyamadza. Nokuda kwesarudzo ya 2019, ECI yakagadza vanopfuura mamirioni 10 vashandi vanovhota. Gadziriro chaidzo dzinoitwa nokuda kwavanhu vane urema, vagari vemo vakuru, uye mauto echengeteko munzvimbo dziri kure kana kuti nzvimbo dzinovhotera. Pazuva rokuvhota, ECI inogadza mitaro miduku, yakashongedzerwa netsoka kubva mumatumba anokurumidza kudzivirira kukuva. Kuverenga kunoitwa muchimiro chakajeka chavanhu vane urema, vagari vemo vakuru, uye vavhotera mumitengi vamaruwa vari kure kana kuti varwi verwisano. Pazuva rokunzvera, ECI anogadza micheto miduku-duku-duku netsoka dzinodzorwa kudzivirira kudzorwa. Vote inova inovakwa muchimiro mukuoneka mumugariro unodzoresa wokudzoka, navamiriri vePregi vaPreti vaPreti vaPreti (kuna), kupfuurira kukura kuvakwa kwa204-20 000 vakawedzerwa kuteveri, kuteveri, kukura reze kukura muganhu

Kuongorora Kusarudzwa

Kudzivisa pesvedzero yemari mune zvamatongerwe enyika, ECI inonzvera nhimbe dzenhimbe dzinoshandiswa navadendi namapati ezvamatongerwe enyika. Munzvero mumwe nomumwe anofanira kuzarura akaundi yebhangi yakaparadzana ndokupa nhau ine udzame yendyiko mukati mamazuva 30 okuziviswa kwemiuyo. Dare rinogadzawo ganhuriro dzendyiko, idzo dzinosiana nehurumende neukuru zvehurumende (muna 2024, ganhuriro yeLok Sabba confituets kana kuti purotech yakakasha mari kubva muna 7670lkh kusvikira ku 945). EC idzowo dzinobvisa ndyiko dzendy, zvikurukuru kubva kuIndian Convee Service, kundo dzinonyurwa nokunyurwa kwakakomba. Murangano yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, Komishoni yakabatira pamwe chete nePro yemari yokuvhotera mari yokuvhotera mari, uye yakakashatsa zvikuru.

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nekuvandudza

India yakanga iri imwe yenyika yokutanga kugamuchira kuvhota kwemagetsi pamwero mukuru. Kusumwa kwaEVMs muna 1982, uye kushandiswa kwavo kwakazara kwakatevera kubvira muna 2004, zvakashandurwa kusarudzo. EVMs yakabvisa chose chose mavhoti asingashandi uye yakaderedza nguva nendyiko yokuverenga. Kukurukura funganyo pamusoro pokuchinja, VVPAT program yakatangwa muna 2014, kubvumira vavhoti kusimbisa kuti vvunganidzirwa semadonzo. ECI yakagamuchira nokuzvidira nhungamiro yeDare gurusa reVPAT neregitasssss mu5 rekuvhotera rekuvhotera pa Assembly Convention. Commentationssion. Commussionsion yakatangawo kuumba masutue anoshandiswa navashandi vanowana kuti vasarusarudzore pasi pekuedza kuvhotera. [203]

Zvinetso Nokutsoropodza

Electoral Malcription uye Kutya

Pasinei zvapo nokungwarira kweECI, zvinoitika zvokutenga mavhoti, kutora, uye kutyisidzira zvichiri kuitika, zvikurukuru munyika dzine varume vomunzvimbomo vakasimba kana kuti vatsotsi vezvamatongerwe enyika. Muna 2024, masimba masimba akabatana namatsotsi akashumwa muWest Bengal, Manipur, uye Bihar. Commission yakagamuchira kupfurikidza nokuisa mauto ehondo pakati, achiisa MCC nenzira isingadzivisiki, uye kunyange kuisazve mudzimba umo masimba anoshumwa. Zvisinei, vatsoropote vanoramba kuti ECI vanotsamira paMinistry of Home Affaits, sezvo ushumiri huchitungamirirwa nokugadzwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwehurumende yepakati penyika.

Zviratidzo zvaBias

Mumakore apfuura, ECI yakatarisana nepomero dzomufambiro wokusarura kubva kumasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika akasiyana- siyana. Mukati mekusarudza kwa 2019, mubatanidzwa weCongress wakapomera kuti Komishoni yakanonoka chiito mukurwisana noMutungamiriri Mukuru Narendra Modi nokuda kweMCC, ichiita nokukurumidza mukurwisana navatungamiriri vanoshora. Dare rinochengeta kuti mabasa ose akavakirwa paufakazi nomutemo, asi pfungwa dzefungira mano akaipa dzinogona kushatisa chivimbo. Muitiro weEcomputer Commissioners wakashoresants wakashorewawo nokuda kwokushaiwa kujeka; zvino, hurumende inoagadza pasina collegium kana kuti kukurukura. Muna 2023, Dare rapamusoro rakatungamirira kugadzwa kwedare rinoumbwa naMutungamiriri weSarumbidzo, Mutungamiriri weChirambidzo, uye Mutongi weIndia kurumbidza kurongwa, kugadziridza hurumende yose.

Basa Remari Nokuparwa Kwematongerwe Enyika

ECI inotarisana nehondo yakakwira mukurwisana nepesvedzero inokwira yesimba remari uye nhamba inokura yavada kufunda vane zvinyorwa zvoutsotsi. Mukuwirirana neSangano reDemocratic Reformations (ADR), inopfuura 40% yemapesenti eAMP mu2024 Lobhadha ine mhaka dzoutsotsi dzakanga dzakatarisana nadzo. Commission yaedza kumisa ikoku kupfurikidza nokuita kuti kuve kwechikwaniriso kuti vadaviriri varo vasarudzi vasarumbiso uye kupfurikidza nokubudisa zviratidzo kumativi emunda anoshatisa. Murutongeso rwa 202020 rwakatanhamara, Dare rapamusoro reECI rakarairazve migariro youtsotsi yavose yavanhu vakadaro kupfurikidza nokushambadza kweterevhizheni uye pepanhau. Zvisinei, Commissions inoshaiwa chiremera chokusakafanira chakavakirwa pamitengo inotsamira parutivi rwakavakirwa paParamende yeMiteo yeMiteo yeMitezo yezvamatongerwe enyika yakaitwa kupfurikidza nezvirongwa zvisingazivikashanyirwi kupfurikidza nezviito zvezvamatongerwedzo zvezvamatongerw zvezvamatongerw zvenhau 20444.

Kuchinja Kwezvikepe Nokuparadza

Apo India yakaita nhano mukunyoresa kwokukurumidza, kudzokororwa kwakapararira mu 65-70% musarudzo dzenyika. Purogiramu yeECI yakasimudzira kutora rutivi pakati pavakadzi, vaduku, uye vavhoti vokutanga, asi kusakendenga kweguta kunoramba kuri kukuru. Commission yaedza kuvhota, zviteshi zvokuvhota, uye mapositisi evashandi vakuru vebasa navagari vemo. Zvisinei, mamiriyoni avashandi vanotama anobviswa nenzira inobudirira nemhaka yokuti havagoni kudzokera kumusha wavo kuti vavhote. Mutyairi weECI pachirongwa chokuvhotera chiri kure chinoshandisa EVM inovimbisa asi mirangariro yezvoruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu nemitemo., kubatanidza kubatanidzwa kwevoruzhinji, uye kushambadza kushambadza kushambadza kupfurikidza nokusangudza kudzorwa kwemisha, uye kushambadza kushamba kudzodza nzanga dzinodzokorodza.

Kuzivikanwa Kwenyika Dzose Nokuenzaniswa Kwacho

Ecostation Commission of India inowanzodudzwa somuenzaniso wedzimwe hurumende dzinobudirira. Yakashandiswa mukuronga sarudzo hurusa yenyika muna 2019, yakapiwa “kuvandudzwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika” nokuda kweInternational Institute for Democracy and Electoral Conservation (IEA). ECI inogoveranawo unyanzvi hwayo kupfurikidza nebvumirano dzechibvumirano negadziriro dzebasa namabasa okudzora namapoka namapoka ebasa munyika dzakadai seNepalsh, Atlanistantic, Afghanistantic, uye marudzi anoverengeka eAfrica. Zvisinei, apo inoenzaniswa neU. Federal Econficiation Conservement Conficial Com yeUnited Kingdom, EC ine masimba makuru zvikuru asi mapurogiramu ebasa mumite yehurumende. ElK. Al Commissance inorective yakawana kupfurikidza nokupfuudza Hurumende yehurumende.

Kuchinja Nezvichaitika

ECI yakasunda nguva dzose nokuda kwechinjo dzevhoti kuti vaite sarudzo dzakajeka zvikuru uye dzinobatanidza. Pakati perumbidzo dzayo huru ndedzipi: kupa masimba eECI anoshanda kunzvimbo dzinotsaurwa dzinoputsa mitemo yemari inodzorwa, kuita kuti Model Confect Code of Faith itsike zviri pamutemo, kubatanidza Aadhaar neIdssssssss kubvisa kudzora, uye kugonesa kushandiswa kwemaposita nokuda kwavashandi vanotama. Commission yakatsigirawo ECOMFUTS inodzivisa kutsamira pamitengo yehurumende. Dare guru re 2023 pakugadzwa kwezvirongwa zvavamiririri, kana kukaitwa, kuchawedzera kuzvimirira kweECI muuwa hwezvamatongerwe enyika zvose. Kuiswa kwe “Mutemo Mutengo wavose (Amend) kunowiriranawo Bill Bill muParame murume, kunyange zvazvo kuine dare repamusoro rehurumende rinova rinoparira kuparadzwa mumiteveriso yoruwa, zvichivarira kupfurikidza nokupfurwa nokuda kwokuvaramisi yokumwe yomugariro wenyika yose, kupfudza nokuwedzera kwe

mhedziso

Dare roKusarudza reIndia rinoramba riripo chiteshi chenzvimbo yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Chifo cha1950, rakabudirira kutungamirira sarudzo yemwero usingaenzaniswi nokuoma, richiwana ruremekedzo kuvavhoti navacherekedzi vamarudzi ose zvakafanana. Kupfurikidza nokuchengeta muitiro wokusarudza kupfurikidza nouzvimiriri hwebumbiro remitemo yemitemo, uye kudzikamiswa kwemitengo kunopfuurira kwegadziriro yemitemo yehurumende inodzo-mo yehurumende, uye kufambiswa kwemitengo inodzo-mari inotevedzerwa, ECI yakatsigira nheyo yetsika yomunhu mumwe, mumwe muvhotera yakakurumbira zvikurusa pasi pano. Zvisinei, zvinetso zvakadai samasimba masimba anosarudzwa, simba routsotsi, kudzorwa kwoutsotsi, uye kurangarirwa kwokuvakwa kwamashoko ayo okupfuudzira. [[3] Sangano yeSangano rehurumende rehurumende yehurumende inonongedzera kumitevedzero: [5]