Mutezo Wechigumi Nechitatu: Chivako Muhondo Yokuenzana

Gadziriro ye13 kuUnited States Constitution, yakatenderwa pana December 6, 1865, inomira seimwe yenhau dzapamutemo dzinochinja zvikurusa munhau yeAmerica. Kupfurikidza nokubvisa uranda nouranda nokusazvidira (kupfuure sechirango nokuda kwemhosva), yakarondedzerazve kunzwisiswazve kworudzi rusununguko nechiremera chomunhu. Vadzidzisi navadzidzi zvakafanana, kunzwisisa uremu hweichi chinjo inokosha mukunzwisisa kodzero dzavagari veAmerica uye kurwisana kunopfuurira netsika. Nyaya ino inonzvera midzi yenhau, mifungo yemitemo, uye kugoverwa kwazvino uno unovakwa namakore gumi namatatu, zvinopa murangariro wakakwana werevo inogarisa yerevo yayo inogara.

Nhoroondo yeMutemo Wechigumi Nechitatu

Mutezo weHwechi13 weMissouri Wakaramba uchidzorwa namakumi amakore okusagadzikana kwetsika, rwisano dzezvematongerwe enyika, uye hondo yavagari vemo ine ropa. Pakasvika pakati pezana ramakore rechi19, kutangwa kwouranda kwakanga kwadzika midzi zvikuru muupfumi hweSouthern nenhevedzo yenzanga, nepo manzwi okubvisa muNorth akawedzera. Missouri Reston ya1820, kubvumirana kwe 1850, uye Kansaskaraska Act ya1854 vose vakaedza kudzora kukura kwouranda kupinda mumaruwa matsva, asi aya maererano ezvematongerwe enyika akangononoka bedzi kurangarira kusingadzivisiki.

Sarudzo yaAbraham Lincoln muna 1860 pachikuva chokuwedzera kwouranda yakasunda nyika gumi neimwe dzeMadokero kurumwe , kuumba Masangano eAmerica. Yakatevera yakanga iri rwisano yakaipisisa munhau yeAmerica (Hondo yavagari vemo (1861-1865). Sezvo hondo yakapfuurira, Lincoln yakasvika kuona kwete bedzi sechinodikanwa chehondo asi sechinodikanwa chetsika. Emancipeation Proclaturation yaJanuary 1, 1863, yakazivisa vanhu vakapinzwa kuva varanda muruwa rwakasununguka, asi yakanga iri mwero wenguva yehondo nerongedzero yapamutemo. Gwaro reMitemo raidikanwa kupedza uranda hwhizha hwose.

Sangano rokuparadza, richitungamirirwa nezviverengero zvakafanana naFrederick Douglas, William Lloyd Garrison, uye Harriet Tubman, vakanga vave vachivaka simba kwamakumi amakore. Kushingaira kwavo kwokusaneta kwaireva kutaura, zvinyorwa, uye zviito zvokudzivisa . kwakaparira dzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika netsika zvaidikanwa nokuda kwechinjo yebumbiro remitemo. Apo Amendment yechi 1353 yaipfuura dzimba dzose dzeCongress pakuvamba muna 1865 uye yakatenderwa gare gare gare gare gore iroro, yaimirira mugumo wapamutemo wetsika yakanga yaita mamirioni avanhu uye yaishatisa mipimo yenyika.

  • Sangano rokugumisa rakawana simba rakakomba mumakumi amakore akatungamirira kugadziridzwa, nenhamba dzakafanana naFrederick Douglas naSojourner Truth.
  • Purezidhendi Abraham Lincoln akaita basa rinokosha mukutsigira kugadziridzwa kwezvinhu, achikumanikidza kupfurikidza neDare rakakamuraniswa uye achishandisa dzimbahwe rake rezvematongerwe enyika kutsigira vhoti.
  • Hondo yevagari vemo yakashanda sechinhu chinokonzera kuchinja kwoutsinye, ichimanikidza nyika kuti iwirirane nokupokanidzana kukuru kuri pakati penheyo dzayo dzakanyorwa dzorusununguko nouranda chaihwoihwo hwomunhu.
  • Muitiro wokugocha waida tendero kubva kumativi matatu mana enyika, danda rakaoma rakapiwa kupandukira kuchangobva kupfuura nokudikanwa kwokuvakazve hurumende dzokuMadokero.

Rugwaro Negadziriro Yepamutemo yeFirimendeji Yechi13

Mashoko eMutemo weHwechi13 weMitemo inopfupikiswa zvinoshamisa anopiwa revo yayo huru.

" 1. Hausati uri uranda kana kuti uranda husingazvipiwi, kunze kwechirango nokuda kwemhosva iyo munhu wacho achava apiwa mhaka, chichavapo mukati meUnited States, kana kuti nzvimbo ipi neipi inodzorwa noumambo hwavo. Chikamu 2. Masangano achava nesimba rokusimbisa nyaya iyi nomutemo wakafanira."

Mutauro wekugadziridza wakapararira uye wakananga. Hausati uchingorambidza bedzi uranda asiwo kurambidza "uranda hwokuzvidira," shoko rakakura iro rinobatanidza zvimiro zvebasa rinomanikidzirwa kupfuura uranda hwokumanikidzira. Chisipo nokuda kwechirango nokuda kwoutsotsi, zvisinei, chakaparira chikanganiso chinokosha icho chingagona kuva nemiuyo mikuru munguva yapashure pekunyorwa kwedzidziso uye chinopfuurira kuumba nharo pamusoro pokusungwa kwavazhinji nhasi.

Chirango chaClaus Nemigumisiro Yacho

Chikamu chakasiana chanzi “" kunze kwechirango nokuda kwoutsotsi uhwo hwebato richava rakawanirwa mhaka" rwakanga rwuri kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira kwakapinzwa kuti uwane tsigiro kubva kuvamiririri veRepublicans nemuganhu. Panguva yacho, vatsigiri vakarangarira kuti kwakangochengeta bedzi muitiro uripo webasa rokuranga. Zvisinei, yakavhura suo nokuda kwehurumende dzeMadokero kuisa "Mitemo yeMadokero yeMadokero" uye gare gare gare "Jimrow" mitemo iyo yakaita utsotsi huduku uye ipapo yakarevesa vatongi kuminda yaparidzi vogaro, zvimbambaira, uye zvitima zvenjanji. Iyi gadziriro yokuvarira zvinodzorwa zvinobudirira yakapfuudzira nenzira imo mumugariro wakanaka kuidzo muzana ramakore rechi20, yakatapura zvikuru vaAmerica.

Nyanzvi yezvemitemo uye wezvenhau David M. Oshinsky, mubhuku rake rePulitzer Prize-winning Worse Uranda Urefu , yakasimbisa kuti chirango chakashandiswa sei kuchengetedza udzo hwedzinza uye kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwemari muPureast. Nhaka yemashoko aya inoramba iri pfundo renharo mudzidzo yazvino uno yemitemo uye kufunda.

Simba Rokumanikidza Nechiremera Chehurumende

Chikamu 2 chinopa simba rokuita kuti chigadziriso chiitwe kupfurikidza nomutemo wakakodzera. Chikamu 2 chinopa simba rokuita kuti mutemo utevedzerwe nomutemo wakakodzera. Chikamu ichi chakagadza chiremera chehurumende kuti chipindire munhau dzehurumende kuti chidzivirire kodzero dzevanhu. Chirongwa ichi chakaisa nheyo yepamutemo yemutemo wekodzero dzevanhu weChivil Rights Act ye1866, Civil Rights Act ya1875, uye, kure zvikuru, Civil Rights Rights Act ya196. Simba rekudzora reHBPrandment rakakura kupfuura re145 mumativi akati nokuti harina kuganhurirwa kukuita chiito chehurumende chapachivande, rinoshandawo kumufambiro wapachivande, richiita chishandiso chine simba mukurwisana nezvimiro zvapamhiko nokusarura nokushanda kwebasa.

Tapuro Yapakarepo Nenguva Yokuvakazve

Kushandiswa kweHBSD Amendment kwakakurumidza kuteverwa nenhambo yechinjo huru yenzanga neyezvamatongerwe enyika inozivikanwa seReconstructionon (1865-1877). Mukati menhambo ino, hurumende yakaedza kubatanidza vanhu vaichimbova varanda mutsika dzenzanga yeAmerica sevagari vakasununguka vane maruramiro akaenzana. Kugadziriswa kwakagadzirira kwakagadzirira nzira yeKinneth Amendment (168), iyo yakavimbisa kuva mugari wemo nedziviriro yakaenzana pasi pomutemo, uye Pendement ye15th Demendement (1870), iyo yakarambidza rusaruro rwedzinza mukuvhota.

Zvisinei, chipikirwa cheReconstructo chakapfupikiswa. Kubviswa kwamauto ehurumende kuMadokero muna 1877, kutevera Kubvumirana kwa 1877, kwakabvumira nyika dzokuMaodzanyemba kudzorera ukuru hwevachena kupfurikidza namasimba masimba, kutyisidzira, uye mutemo wokuisa mhaka. Chibvumirano cheHwendemutsidziro cheTsvenence chakaregwa zvikuru neDare guru rakadudzira kugadziridzwa kuduku mumhaka dzakafanana ne ] Sango dzeMadokero-Nhaka [1873] uye [[FLT] . United States] v. Crushbank[FLT3] [18]]). Izvi zvisarudzo izvi zvinobudirira kudzivirira kodzero dzekusunungurwa pakusiya vanhu, kuvaita kuti vasadzikire kutsika, uye kumuka kwegadziriro yezve, zviwidzo, zvinowanzova .

  • Kugadziriswa kwacho kwakabvumira pamutemo kuti Freedmen’s Bureau, iyo yakabatsira vanhu vaimbova varanda nedzidzo, basa, uye kudzivirirwa zviri pamutemo.
  • Yakaita kuti pave neChibvumirano Chekodzero Dzevanhu cha1866, chakazivisa kuti vanhu vose vakaberekwa muUnited States vaiva vagari vemo pasinei nedzinza.
  • Chiratidzo chokuchengetedza chakashandiswa kudenha Makodhekisi eBlack − mitemo yakaganhurira rusununguko nokufamba zvevaAmerica veAfrica muSouth.
  • Pasinei zvapo neiyi fambiro mberi, ganhuriro dzechinjo dzakava pachena sezvo nyika dzokuMaodzanyemba dzakawana nzira itsva dzokudzora nadzo basa ravaBlack ndokudzvinyirira simba rezvamatongerwe enyika reBlack.

Kuchinja Kwechigumi Nechitatu Nemasangano Ekodzero Dzevagari Vemo Amazuva Ano

Mutongo wechitatu wePendement wakapa nheyo yapamutemo netsika yakakomba yamasangano ekodzero dzavanhu munhau yose yeAmerica.

Musangano Wekodzero Dzevanhu Womuma1950 uye wema1960

Nepo Mitemo yegumi nashanu yeMitemo yeMitemo yeNani yakadzorwa kazhinji kazhinji yaiitirwa pamutemo panzvimbo yehondo mukati meMusangano weCivil Rights, Dare reThreend Amendment rakashanda segwaro rehwaro rehwaro raisimbisa kusatenderwa kwetsika kuzviisa pasi pedzinza. Vatungamiriri saMartin Luther King Jr. uye masangano akafanana naNaACP akakweva pachipikirwa cheIgadziridzo yechisiko chose chokurwisana nerusarura, kubvisa chipikirwa ichocho chaidzorwa, kubvisa kwezvakarongedzero, uye kushandisa mari. Muhurukuro yake yakakurumbira "I Ine hope Dzokuzviroro", Mambo akanyandura shoko repromisso rePrective and Declation of Independetion, asi chibvumirano che13 chakanga chiri nhanho yokutanga kuzadzika chipikirwa ichocho nokuda kwevatema veAmerica.

Makambani Azvino Uno: Upenyu Hwenhenga Hunokosha uye Kupfuura

Muzana ramakore rechi 21, Hurumende yeHarth Amendment yakakumbirwa namasangano akadai seBlack Lives Contificiate, anosimbisa nhaka inopfuurira yokusaenzana kwedzinza mugadziriro yeruramisiro youtsotsi. Chirango chechirango chazova chinhu chikuru nokuda kwetsoropodzo dzemhosvo, iyo inoramba ichishandiswa kuti kupesana kwebasa rokuranga kwave kuchiitwa kuti pave nechimiro chazvino uno chokuisa muuranda pasina pamutemo. Mukuwirirana nejeri rePrimo Policy I iyamusasa wedzinza, vanhu vanopfuura 1.9 miriyoni vanopinzwa mutorongo muUnited States, neBlack America vakapindwa pamwero inodokupetwa kashanu. Gasmendiro yechi13 yechirato inopfuurira kuva pfundo remitemo nerevoko yemitemo yapamutemo, sokubhadharwa kwevashandi munyika dzakawanda dzinobhadharwa vashandi mumaawa makuru nokuda kwebasa.

Firimu yakagadzirwa th (2016) naAva DuVernay vakaunza ngwariro yakapararira kunhau iyi, vachironda mutsetse wakananga kubva kumashoko echirango kunhambo yokusungwa kukuru. Firimu yacho yakataura kuti gadziriro yeruramisiro yeutsotsi yakashandiswa sechishandiso chokudzora dzinza, zvinobudirira kupfuudzira udzori udzo kuti Dare re 1350 Revhuro rakanga richiitirwa kuguma.

Zvinetso Zvepamutemo Nenzvimbo Itsva

Mitongo yazvino uno yapamutemo inopfuurira kuedza miganhu yeHBM Amendment. Matare akashandisa kugadziriswa kwemhosva dzinobatanidza kutengesa vanhu, kushanda kwokumanikidzira, uye chikwereti. Tsvene yeTraxting Baxmal Protection Act ya 2000 nemhinduro dzayo dzinotevera dzinoshandisa simba reCongress muChikamu 2 kurwisa zvimiro zvouranda zvazvino uno. United States v. Kozminski[ [1988], Dare rapamusorosoro raidavira kuti Kudzika kwechiNgezi kunodzivisa zvimiro zvose zvechitima chouranda chibhadharo, zvingava zvoga, kunyange zvehurumende inogona kutambudza avo vanomanikidza kushanda nokumanikidza kana kuti kumanikidzwa pamutemo.

  • Kugadziridzwa kwacho kwave kuchishandiswa kudenha usungwa hwechikwereti negadziriro dzemari, zvikurukuru muzviitiko zvaibatanidza vashandi vakatamira kune dzimwe nyika uye vashandi vanorima.
  • Mapoka echisimba akafanana neNational Right to Work Legal Defense Foundation akumbira kugadziriswa muzviitiko zvinobatanidza kubatanidzwa kwokumanikidzirwa, achisimbisa kuti zvinodikanwa zvakadaro zvinoumba uranda hwokuzvidira.
  • Kugadziriswa kwacho kunogovera hwaro hwebumbiro remitemo rinorwisana nomutemo unorwisana nokutengeserana, kuchibvumira hurumende yehurumende kupomera avo vanowana mhindu mukushanda kwokumanikidzirwa nokutengesa vatano.
  • Nyanzvi dzemitemo dzakanzvera kana chinjo yacho yaigona kushandiswa kunhau dzakadai sedzinosungirwa basa rehondo kana kuti kubatanidzwa kusingabhadharwi, kunyange zvazvo idzi nharo dzichiri kupokanidzwa.

Kudzokera Kune Mitemo: Kusaenzana Muzana Ramakore Rechi21

Pesvedzero ye13 inoramba iri yakafanira zvikuru sezvo United States inorwisana nokusaenzana kwedzinza neupfumi kunopfuurira. Nhaka yayo inooneka mukurukurirano pamusoro pokuchinja kweruramisiro youtsotsi, maruramiro evashandi, uye kutengesa vanhu. Kunzwisisa revo yechinjo inopfuurira kunoda kunzvera kuti gadziriro dzayo dzinopfuurira sei kuumba mutemo nenzanga yeAmerica.

Kuuraya Vanhu Zvikuru uye Chirango chaClaus

Nyaya yepanguva imwe cheteyo inokakavadzana zvikurusa yeIndaneti ye13th Amendment injodzi yokusungwa kwavazhinji. Chirango, icho chinobvumira uranda hwokusazvidira sechirango nokuda kwemhosva, chakaparira gadziriro yapamutemo umo vanhu vakasungwa vanogona kumanikidzirwa kushanda nokuda kwomubhadharo muduku kana kuti kusabhadharwa. Muhurumende dzakawanda, kushanda kwetorongo kunoshandiswa kubudisa zvinhu uye mabasa anokwikwikwidzana neindasitiri yehurumende, kuchiparira mari yakawanda nokuda kwenzvimbo dzokururamisa. Vatsoropotedza vanoti iyi inoumba chimiro chokushandisa pamutemo kukanganisa nzanga yehurumende kunokanganisa zvikuru vanhu vane ruvara rwakasiyana - siyana.

Zvibvumirano zvinoverengeka zvakatanga mutemo wokuchinja mabumbiro azvo emitemo kuti zvirambidze zvakajeka uranda mumamiriro ose ezvinhu, kubatanidza sechirango nokuda kwoutsotsi. Colorado, Nebraska, Utah, Alabama, Oregon, Tennessee, uye Vermont zvose zvakapfuudza matanho okubvisa mashoko akasiana mubumbiro remitemo razvo rehurumende. Idzi nhamburiko dzinoratidzira kuzivikanwa kukura kwokuti chisaririra cheThird Remplete ye 1350 chinopesana nezvinokosha zvazvino uno zvechiremera chomunhu neuenzaniso.

Kodzero Dzevashandi Neruramisiro Yezvemari

Kurambidzwa kwechirambidzo chokubatira kusingazvimiriri kune revo nokuda kwekodzero dzebasa kunze kwegadziriro yetorongo. Nharo pamusoro pemigariro yebasa, kuba, uye kumanikidzira kazhinji kazhinji dzinopa nheyo dzeHBDM Amendment. Mufungo we "uranda" wakashandiswa navashingairi vavashandi kuti vawane kufanana pakati pemiitiro yebasa rinoshatisa namabasa anorambidzwa nokugadziriswa. Nepo matare kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji akaramba nharo dzokuti mibairo yakaderera kana kuti migariro yebasa yakashata inoumba uranda hwokuzvidira, kugadziriswa kwetsika nemitemo kugovera gadziriro yetsika nemitemo yokutsigira ruramisiro yemari.

Kutengesa vanhu kunoramba kuri chinetso chinopfuurira muUnited States uye munyika yose. International Labor Organization inofungidzira kuti vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 40 munyika yose vanyajambwa vouranda hwazvino uno, kubatanidza kushanda nokumanikidzirwa neroorano. Dare reHarth Amendment rinopa nheyo yebumbiro remitemo nokuda kwokurwisa kutengesa, uye Congress akashandisa simba raro rokutarisira kuti ripfuure mutemo uyo unopinza utsotsi uye unogovera tsigiro kuvapukunyuki. Sangano rakadai sePolariss neCoalition to Abolish Slacy and Traffaice (CCAST) rinoita basa rokuziva nokubetsera vanyajambwa, kukwenetswa kwapamutemo kwakagadzwa negadziriro yapamutemo.

Rusaruraganda Rwegadziriro uye Kusaenzana Kunopfuurira

Nepo Pession yechi13th Amendment yakagumisa nenzira inorongwa uranda, haina kugumisa zvivako zvevatungamiriri vedzinza izvo uranda hwakanga hwavamba. Chipikirwa chorusununguko chakaregeredzwa nokusarurana, rusaruro, uye kudzvinyirirwa kwemari zvakapfuurira kwerinopfuura zana ramakore pashure pokunge kwaitwa. Nhaka yeiyi chinjo isina kugadziriswa inooneka mumikaha yedzinza muupfumi, dzidzo, utano, uye ruramisiro yeutsotsi. Mukuwirirana neEconomic Policy Institute, pfuma yedzimba dzevachena inodokudokusvika kasere iyo mhuri dzavatema. Izvi zvisaririra zvakasiana zvakasiana nezviito hazvisi tsaona nemitemo nemiitiro izvo chiNgezi zvinoramba zvichiitwa kudzivirira asi zvisingagoni, zvogaro zvogamugamugadziro.

  • Kuchinja kwacho kunoshanda sechiyeuchidzo chokuti kuchinja kwepamutemo kwoga hakuna kukwana kuwana kuenzana kweupenyu neupfumi, uye kuchinja kwenzanga nekwemari kuri madikanwawo.
  • Masangano eva Grasroot akadai seAumeal Justice Initiveritive anoshandisa Iwenziyo yeHBT sehwaro hwokuedza kudenha kusaruramisira kwedzinza uye kusungwa kwevanhu vakawanda.
  • Chikamu chokuchengetedza chinenge chataurwa nedare racho chinopa hwaro hwebumbiro remitemo hwechiito chehurumende chokugadzirisa rusaruro rwegadziriro, kunyange zvazvo rungangova rwakazara ruchisaitika.
  • Mazano ekodzero dzevanhu munyika yose, kusanganisira Universal Declaration of Human Rights, anoshandisa nheyo dzakafanana nedziri muMitemo Yechi13.

Kusvika Kunodzidzisa Kuchibvumirano Chechigumi Nechitatu

Vadzidzisi vanodzidzisa Dare reMitemo Yechi13 rinopa mukana wokubvunza vadzidzi mibvunzo yakaoma pamusoro porusununguko, ruramisiro, uye basa risati rapera rehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Kushandisa Manyuko Makuru

Manyuko okutanga anogovera vadzidzi kusvika kwakananga kumanzwi nenharo dzenguva yakapfuura. National Archives inopa makopi akapindwa mumitemo eHwedzero yeHweguru yeTB, pamwe chete nezvinyorwa zvesangano, tsamba, uye hurukuro dzinobva kukurukurirano yerautiation. Kutaura kwaDouglas, dzakadai sehurukuro dzake dze1865 "Iizvo Black Man Anoda," dzinopa nzwisiso yakasimba mutariro nekariro dzavanhu vaichimbova varanda. Indaudio yeChipiri yaAbraham Lincol, yapiwa mavhiki mashomanene pamberi pokutonga kwake, inopa nhevedzano yetsika nedzidzo yezvorudzidziso nokuda kwokunzwisisa hondo yevagari vemonerimo nezvinoitika.

Kuenzanisa mashoko eEmancipation Proclations ye13th Amendment neEmancation kunobvumira vadzidzi kuona musiyano pakati pechinoitika chenguva yehondo nechinjo yechigarire yebumbiro remitemo. Kunzvera Mapereti Matema akapfuudzwa nehurumende dzeMadokero muna 1865-18666 kunoratidza kuti chipikirwa chokugadziridza chakakurumidza sei kupokanwa. Manyoro aya anobetsera vadzidzi kunzwisisa kuti nhau haisati iri nhauwo zvayo yefambiro mberi asi nzvimbo inokwikwikwidza yefariro dzenharo nezviono.

Kupokanidzana Kunokurudzira Nokufunga Kunotsoropodza

Hurumende inofanira kuita kuti chipikirwa chorusununguko chienderere mberi. Iyi mibvunzo haina mhinduro dziri nyore, asi kunetseka nayo kunobatsira vadzidzi kuti vave nounyanzvi hwokufunga hunotsoropodza uye kunzwisisa zvakadzama mabudiro emitemo.

Vadzidzi vanogona kuita mabasa anobatsira chaizvo.

Kuongorora Zviwanikwa Zvemichina Yemubatanidzwa Wezvinhu Zvepasi

Zviwanikwa zvemaSayemezi zvinogona kusvitsa Kuchinja kwechi13 kuupenyu kuvadzidzi. chinyorwa th chinowanika pa Netflix uye chinogovera nzvero inonzwika yenhaka yemigumisiro. Mavhidhiyo okupfupikisa kubva kumanyuko akadai sePBS, History Channel, kana kuti Constitution Center yeNational Center [ inopa mashoko anowanika kunhau yechinjo nerevo. Miteko yenguva nemepu dzinoshanda dzinogona kubetsera vadzidzi kuisa muyerevo kupararira kwouranda, nzira yeHondo yeChizvarwa chavagari chemo, uye muitiro weR.

Mapepa akafanana ne Nhevedzo paRadio's "Kuona White nhevedzano na [[FLT]] kubva kuNPR inopa mukunzvera kwakadzama kwenhau kwemidzi yedzinza muUnited States. Zviwiro izvi zvinogona kuwedzera kurukurirano yekirasi ndokugovera mapfundo akawanda evadzidzi nemitoo yakasiyana yokudzidza.

Kubatanidza Nguva Yakapfuura Neyazvino

Imwe nzira ine simba zvikuru yokudzidzisa nayo Indaneti yechi13 ndeyokuibatanidza nenhau dzemazuva ano. Kuongorora mashoko pamusoro pokusungwa kwavakawanda, kukurukura kuedza kuri kuitwa iye zvino kugumisa mabasa okusungwa, kana kuongorora nyaya dzokutengesa vanhu dzemazuva ano kunobatsira vadzidzi kuona kuti kugadziriswa kwacho hachisi chigadzirwa chenhau chete asi igwaro benyu rinoramba richishanda. Zvirongwa zvebasa zvinobatsira masangano omunharaunda anoshanda pakugadziridza ruramisiro kana kuti kudzivirira kutengeswa kwevanhu zvinogona kupa vadzidzi mikana yokuita zvinhu izvi.

Ruramisiro runopiwa runogovera zviwanikwa zvedzidzo nechinoitika chine simba chemiziyamu muMontgomery, Alabama, icho chinoronda nhau yokusaenzana kwedzinza kubva kuuranda kusvikira kuuranda. Mushumo wavo pamusoro penhaka youranda uye kudikanwa kwezvokwadi neyananiso zvinogovera gadziriro yokunzwisisa Pendement ye135 serutivi rwenhau huru zvikuru yerwisano nokutsungirira.

Mupeto: Basa Risina Kubviswa Rorusununguko

Pedziso ye13 inomira sechimwe chezviitwa zvinokosha zvikuru munhau yemitemo yeAmerica. Yakagumisa nenzira yapamutemo kutangwa kwouranda hwevaranda ndokutanga nheyo yokuti uranda husingadzorwi hahuna nzvimbo munzanga yakasununguka. Kunyange zvakadaro chipikirwa chacho chinoramba chisina kukwana. Chirango chakaparira chikanganiso chakava chinoshandiswa kwamakore anopfuura 150 kusimudzira zvimiro zvebasa rinomanikidzirwa uye kuzviisa pasi kwedzinza. Kuchengetwa kwesimba, nepo kuri kwakafara murondedzero, kazhinji kazhinji chakaganhurirwa nokududzirwa kwedare uye kuda kwezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kunzwisisa Iwechi 13th Amendment kunoda kubvuma zvose zviri zviviri ukoshi hwayo hukuru neganhuriro dzahwo huru. Yakanga iri mamiriro ezvinhu ari madikanwa asi asina kukwana kuti pave nokuenzana kwedzinza nezvemari. Basa rokuvaka chaunga icho chinorarama mukuwirirana nechipikirwa chorusununguko rwechisiko chose rinopfuurira nhasi. Kuvadzidzisi, kudzidzisa Dare rePendekosti rechigumi namatatu harisi muitiro chete mukunzvera nhau.

Nhaka yeHBT Amendment yechi13 inotiyeuchidza kuti rusununguko harutongogadzirwi zvachose. Runofanira kudzivirirwa, kuturikirwa, uye kutambanudzwa muchizvarwa chimwe nechimwe. Kupfurikidza nokufunda nhau yegadziridzo, simba rarwo, uye kushanda kwarwo kunopfuurira, isu timene navadzidzi vedu tinoshongedzera kutora rutivi nenzira ine revo muchirongwa ichocho chinokosha chehurumende inotonga yavanhu.