India iri kushandurwa zvikuru. Sezvo nduramo inokwira uye mwero yoruzvaro inoderera, nhamba yavanhu vakura muchiverengero chavagari vemo iri kukura pamwero usingaenzaniswi. Panosvika 2050, United Nations inoita mabasa okuti anenge mumwe muvashanu vaIndia achava ane makore 60 kana kuti kupfuura, achimirira vanhu vanopfuura mamirioni 300. Uku kuchinja kunopa mikana nedenho nokuda kwemikana yenzanga, mari, uye utano. Kuziva kuti iyi, Government of India yakagamuchira National Policy on Elder Peren Perens (NPOP) muna 1999, gadziriro yakakwana yakarongedzerwa kudzivirira chiremera, zvakanaka, uye kodzero dzevagari vemo vakuru. Muitiro unoratidza fambiro mberi mukuru mukugamuchira mipiro yenzanga, migariro inodzo inodzorwa, uye kubetsera migariro inodzorwa, uye kubetsera migariro miuyo inodzoro inodzorwa. Mune yetsika dzamakurukurukuru mutarisiro dzemhuri, kukura, kukura, kukura kwemitevedzo, kukura, kunzvera, kunzvera, kunzvera kwemitezo, kubetsera, kubetsera, kubetsera, kubetsera

Mamiriro Ezvinhu uye Kufambira Mberi Kwomutemo Wenyika Pavanhu Vakwegura

Zvisakiso zveNPOP zviri mumugariro wokuvapo kwavagari vemo weIndia. Nevandudziko muutano hwavanhu vose, kudzorwa kwehosha dzinotapukira, uye kuderera kwokufa, avhareji youpenyu yakakwira kubva pamakore 41 muna 1960 kusvikira kumakore anopfuura 70 pa2020. Simultaious, mwero wose wokubereka wakaderera kubva kuvana 5 pamukadzi mumwe nomumwe muma1970 kusvika pasi pemwero we2,0 mumakore achangopfuura. Mugumisiro wacho ipira unowedzera wokukwegura: vanhu vakawanda vari kurarama kwenguva refu uye vaduku kuti vazvitsigire. Maererano neLongidial Ageing muIndia (LAS, 2017,18), vakwegura (60660 miriyoni 138, uye kugoverana kwavakwegurusa kusvika ku80) vari kukura vari kukura nokukurumidza.

Mumhinduro, Ministry of Social Justice and Malementment yakanyoresa National Policy on Agent Persons, iyo yakaziviswa nenzira yakarongwa pana January 15, 1999. Muitiro wakanga uri gadziriro yokutanga yetsika yenyika kupedza zvinodikanwa zvemaIndia akura. Yakavakirwa pamitemo yemitemo yemitemo yepakati pemitemo, simba, uye ruramisiro. Kugadziridzwa kwakatevera muna 2011 kuvavarira kusimbisa mibato yokuita zvinhu uye kuwirirana nenhau dzinomuka dzakadai severeverete namabasa okutarisira, ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uye mari inochinja. Muitiro wacho unotsigirwa neManyuko naMaparias and Senegaleault Act, 2007, izvo zvinogovera misengwa yapamutemo yavana nehama dzokutarisira vabereki vakwegura, uye madare okusimbisa kukurumidza kunetsa zvigumbura. Zvimwe zvinotsigira kupfuurira nokuda kweNational Programmeters Programme of Elders (20)

NPOP inowana kurudziro kubva muUnited Nations Principles for Aderliance (1991) uye Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (2002), iyo inosimbisa kuzvitonga, kutora rutivi, tarisiro, kuzvigutsa, uye chiremera. Zvisinei, muitiro wacho wakaendeswa kutsika dzetsika dzakasiyana nedzeIndia, dzenzanga, uye dzezvemari, uko voruzhinji vakura vanogara munharaunda dzomumaruwa vane mukana wakaganhurirwa wegadziriro dzemitemo dzokutsigira. Muitiro wacho unobvuma kuti apo mhuri inoramba iri mutarisiri mukuru, hurumende inofanira kupindira kuti igovere mimbure yokudzivirira, zvikurukuru nokuda kwechirikadzi, dzinoshaiwa, uye avo vakaremara.

Zvinangwa Zvinokosha Zvemutemo Wacho

NPOP inoonesa zvinangwa zvakafara zvinobatanidza nzvimbo dzakawanda dzegarikano yavakuru. Izvi zvinangwa hazvisati zvichingova hazvo zvokushuva; zvinotungamirira kurongwa kwepurogiramu, kugoverwa kwezviwanikwa, uye kutarisirwa kwemiuyo. Zvinotevera ivavariro huru, imwe neimwe yakasanorongwa namashoko akapoteredza nemienzaniso.

Kuratidza Chiremera Noruremekedzo

Chikurusa pakati pevavariro dzeNPOP kuumbwa kwenzanga inoremekedza vanhu vakura. Ikoku kunoreva kurwisana nezvinorangarirwa zvezera, kusimudzira ratidziro dzakanaka muzvinobudisa nhau, uye kukurudzira kurukurirano pakati pemitemo. Muitiro unoda chiito chakasimba chokurwisana nokubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavakuru (mundangariro, mupfungwa, kana kuti mune zvemari) uye kutsigira kukura kwebetsero, kungwara kwemifungo, uye zvipatara zvemitemo. Ruremekedzo runobatanidzawo kuziva uchenjeri noruzivo rwavakuru kupfurikidza nokuvabatanidza mukuita chisarudzo munzanga nemitezo yemhuri. Somuenzaniso, mukuru mukuru wehurumende [[FLT:] [2] [toK:1] (kudzosa 14567]) kugovera mashoko nechinetso, kuratidzira kuzvipira kutsigira chiremera.

Kutarisira Utano

Kugona kuva noutano hwakanaka, husingatengeki, uye kutarisirwa kwoushamwari ishongwe huru yeNPOP. Miitiro inotsigira mapoka ezvokutarisira vana vanorwara muzvipatara zvavose, kurovedzwa kwenyanzvi dzezvoutano mumishonga yemariatric, uye kuwedzerwa kweinishuwarenzi youtano nokuda kwavagari vakura. Zviitwa zvinobatanidza [[FLT:] Awashman Pradri Mantri Yagna (PM-JAY) [FLT] zvinofukidza vakwegura vazhinji vanotambira, uye [FLT:] Rayashria , Vashrioger, [FLT:] Aatroza [[3] zvinogovera mitoo yapachena (kufamba, zvinoyamuramuramisa), kumidza kunzwa zviri pasi pezviwirira zviri pasi pourombo. Makuru echine varwere vendangariro nezvinozivikanwa naveremuremuremuremuremuremu, zvinongova , zvinongoramba zvichizivikanwa pakati pezvine zvirwere zvemiteshivhesi, zvinopfumi, zvinonzi dzemitenyuro:

Kuchengeteka Kwemari

Urombo hwevakwegura iitiro hanya huru, zvikurukuru kuvakadzi, avo vane mari shomanene yenguva dzose uye vanokwanisa kutora mudyandigere. NPOP inosimudzira nzira yakarongwa: kukura kwe Indirda Gandhi National Old Age Study (IGNOAP) [[[FL:1]] muNational Confective Programme, kurudziro yegadziriro dzechirongwa chepapatika, uye zvirongwa zvemari zvokugona kunyora nokuda kwavakura. Muitiro unotsigirawo zvirongwa zvokudzosabhadharwa kwemari nemitengi inobviswa mari. Mu 2017, muna 2017, hurumende inopfuudzira [[FLT] [FL:] [12] Mandari Vandana Yambona [MY], uye vanodzivisa kukurumidza kupedza mutengo mari.[Foctiveurlation-s], vanowana mari inopfumba yokusarira pamusoro pezvipo]

Dziviriro Pakubatwa Zvisina Kufanira

Elder abuse is a hidden crisis in India. Studies reveal that around 20% of older persons experience some form of abuse, often perpetrated by family members who are also primary caregivers. The NPOP calls for mandatory reporting of abuse, establishment of special police units for seniors, and sensitization of law enforcement personnel. The Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007, provides both preventive and punitive measures. Additionally, the policy supports older persons’ associations and neighborhood watch groups that can monitor and intervene in cases of neglect. While these mechanisms exist, low awareness and social stigma prevent many from seeking help. Strengthening outreach—particularly in rural areas—remains a key challenge.

Kusimudzira Kukwegura Kunoshingaira

Kupfuura tarisiro nedziviriro, NPOP inofungidzira vanhu vakura sezvinopa mipiro inoshingaira kunzanga. Kukwegura kunobatanidza kutora rutivi mune zvemari, magariro, tsika, uye varaidzo. Muitiro unorumbidza zvirongwa zvebasa zvakapfava, zvirongwa zvokuzvipira, uye kudzidza kwoupenyu hwose nokuda kwavakura. Hurumende zhinji dzakatanga makirabhu ezvikwata zvezvirongwa zvenhandaro, zvikwata zvenhandaro, uye zvokufambisa zvavose zvinobatira vanhu. Programme yakarongwa nokuda kwemanyuko avakuru [IPOP] [FLT] inogovera betsero yemari kunzvimbo dzinomhanya dzeminamata, zvipatara, zvikwata zvinorefu, uye mapoka outano. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza nokuvandudza upenyu. Kunyange zvakadaro, kuwanda kweCHOVID kwakawedzera kukura nokubudirira kwemapurogiramu anoitwa munzanga dzinobudirira.

Tapuro Panzanga yeIndia

Kunyange zvazvo kuchinjwa kwezvinoitwa muIndia kwave kusingaenderani, migumisiro inoverengeka inotokosha inoshamisa.

Kuziva uye Kuziva Zvakawedzerwa

NPOP inoisa maruramiro avanhu vakura pamiganhu yenyika. Masangano enzanga yavagari vemo, zvinobudisa nhau, uye vaiti vemiitiro zvinogara zvichikurukura garikano yavakuru. Kuchengetwa kwegore negore kwe International of Adertures (October 1) muIndia kunobatanidza mibayiro, misangano, uye zvinoitika zvinopa ngwariro munhau nezvinoitwa. Muitiro womutauro wechiremera, chengeteko, uye kutora rutivi zvakazadza miitiro yehurumende yepashure penyika dzeIndia (8] hafu yemiitiro yadzoro yavanhu vakuru yadzorwa neNPOP.

Kuwana Kutarisirwa Kwoutano Kwakavandudzwa

NPHCE yakatanga zvipatara zvevechikuru muzvipatara zveruwa uye vashandi vezvokurapa vakarovedzwa, kunyange zvazvo chikero chichiri chiduku. Chirongwa cheAyushman Bharat chinogovera chifukidzo choutano kusvikira kuR. 5 lakh pamhuri pagore, ichibetsera mamirioni avakwegura. Programu dzakadai se [[FLT:]] Sureor Consurector Health Inior [[[FLLD]] uye [[FLT:] AyYYman Manyadir[[[FLT]] [[3] (Utano neTS]) zvino zvino zvino kubatanidza kuratidzwa kwezvirwere zvisingashayikwikwiri mukwe mukukwegura.

Kudzivirirwa Pamutemo Kwakasimbiswa

Chibvumirano chinonzi Kuchengetedzwa uye Kugarisana kweParents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 mugumisiro wakananga weNPOP. Chinorayira kuti vana vachengete vabereki vavo kana vasingakwanisi kuzvitsigira, uye chinopa nzira yokutsiva kunyunyuta pamberi peMathernamendial Tribunals. Chiratidzo chinorangawo kurasa nokubatwa zvisina kufanira. Mumakore apfuura, zviuru zvemhosva zvakaiswa mudare, zvichiita kuti vawedzere kuziva mishonga yepamutemo.

Kuchengeteka Munzanga Kwakawedzerwa

IGNOAPS inogovera mudyandigere wemwedzi nomwedzi weRs. 200-500 (mari inofambiswa nehurumende) kuvakwegura vanoshaiwa. Dzimwe nyika dzakawedzera ikoku nezvitsama zvakakwirira (somuenzaniso, Delhi anogovera 762 000 pamwedzi, nepo Maharashtra achipa kusvika ku1000. NPOP yakapesvedzerawo Vashandisi vaPfuma kuti vakwidziridze remaremariro yePrentence Bomation kuti vatsive mari yepeni inomanikidzirwa kubvisa, uye Atarions Penion Yhona (APY)[FLTY:1] yakaitwa kuti ikurudzire kuchengetedze mari yakaiswa pakati pavashandi vaduku. Bva, mudyandiro unoramba uchiripo wakaderera zvikuru kushaiwa chinodikanwa; vakwegura vazhinji vanobviswa nemhaka yokushatirwa kwechitekisiro kana kuti vashatirwe.

Zvinetso Mukushanda

Pasinei nezvayakaita, NPOP inotarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvikuru zvinoitadzisa kubudirira.

Kutadza Kudzidza Zvakakwana uye Kugara Munzvimbo Dzine Zvinhu Zvose

Kushandisa mari yezvirongwa zvevakuru zvezvemari kunoramba kuri pakati nepakati pemasangano enzanga. Gadziriro yemari yomudyandigere yenyika inofukidza bedzi 20-25% yavagari vakwegura, uye mari yemwedzi nomwedzi iri pasi pechikamu chourombo. Zvirongwa zvezvoutano zveGeratricia hazvishaiwi sezvisingasviki: India ine vatambi vanopfuura 1 000 vakarovedzwa nokuda kwavanhu vakura vanopfuura 138 mamirioni. Nzvimbo dzomumusha, umo 70% yavanhu vakura vanogara, vanoshaiwa makiriniki chaiwo, makire, uye kunyange zvifambiso zvikuru zvokuenda kuzvipatara zvomuruwa. IPOP inobvumira kuti vawane NGOs vatsamiririre nhamba nenzvimbo, zvichisiya nzanga dzakawanda dzisina tsigiro.

Kuziva Nezvemagariro Evanhu Nengozi

Vanhu vakura vazhinji havazivi nezvekodzero dzavo muNPOP kana kuti kuvapo kwezvirongwa. Kusagona kurava nokunyora, urombo, uye kushaikwa kwokuwana kwemitauro zvinowedzera mukaha wemashoko. Mukuwedzera, zvimiro zvendangariro zvavanhu kazhinji kazhinji zvinobata vanhu vakura semitoro kana kuti zvisingakwanisi, zvinovaodza mwoyo kuti varege kushandisa maruramiro avo. Kudzivisa vazhinji kutsvaka betsero nokuda kwokuora mwoyo kana kuti kushata. Nhamburiko yetsika yacho imene yokusimudzira “kukwegura kworumbidzika kunodzivisa mikana yezera inoganhurira zvikuru mikana yavanhu vakura mumabasa nemabasa omunzanga.

Kupedzerwa Kwakaparadzana Mhiri kweNyika

NPOP igadziriro inonyanyodzorwa, asi kuvamba kunowira zvikurukuru kuhurumende dzehurumende, idzo dzine mano nenzvimbo dzokutanga zvakasiyana. Mariziyat wisiteshi yakatanga gadziriro dzakasimba dzegarikano yavakuru, nepo nyika dzine urombo dzichinonoka. Kushaikwa kwechiremera chikuru chine mirayiridzo inowirirana kunotungamirira kupfuudzira. Kubatanidza pakati pamabasa okugara nhaka, chaunga, Maramaial Development, uye mari (Zvemaria kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji). Uyezve, nyika zhinji hadzina kuvandudza miitiro yadzo kubvira paNPOP yapakuvamba, hadzina kushaiwa zvinetso zvitsva kufanana noruzivo rwemitengidzi nemugariro wemo wekunze.

Kupararira Kunowedzera Kwehosha Dzisingatapurwi Nedzisingatapurwi

Sezvo maIndia anorarama kwenguva refu, mutoro wehosha dzisingaperi(8, diabetes, diabetes, arthritis . Tsika yokurapa haina kushongedzerwa kugovera nguva refu, tarisiro inopfuurira inoda migariro iyoyi. Gadziriro dzoutano dzeNPOP hadzina kuchengeta nhanho nedikanwo yetarisiro yeparestiati, kurapirwa kwapamusha, uye tsigiro. Nenzira yakafanana, urema pakati pavakwegura hunoshumwa uye hunopiwa mashoko asina kutsarukana. Rashtriya Vayrioshriossa inogovera zvishandiso zvinobetsera, asi tsigiro yaparirwa navanomirira zvinovarambira.

Nhungamiro Nezvikarakadzo Zvomunguva Yemberi

Kuti zvisimbise National Policy on Aderren Persons uye kuti zviwirirane nezvinhu zviri kuitika, zviito zvinoverengeka zvinoda kutevedzerwa zvinobva mumishumo yenyanzvi, miitiro yakanakisisa yemarudzi ose, uye kubvunza vanhu vane mikana yokuisa chikwereti.

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu uye Kuchinja Kwemadhigirii

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runogona kuvandudza zvikuru upenyu hwevanhu vakura(kupfurikidza netelemedicine, kuongorora kwemafoni, madhiragi okubvisa maburi, uye zvikuva zvenzanga. NPOP inofanira kusimudzira zvakajeka gadziriro dzokudzidza nokunyora pamitemo nokuda kwavakura uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti magedhi ehurumende anosvika (madirectal, mirayiro mirayiridzo yenzwi, vhidhiyo yemaINYP). [FLD:0] Digatal India nhimbe dzinofanira kubatanidza chikamu chakakwirira cheshamwari. Zvisinei, ruzivo rwokugadzirwa nechamuteshinga harufaniri kuisa muganhu muganhu wemitengo yemitengo yemitengo: zvimwe zvinodaro: zvinodaripo zvinofanira kuramba zvichiwanika nokuda kwaavo vasina kuvhura. Mienzaniso yakafanana neya yemakombiyuta. [FLT:]

Kusimbisa Makwara Okutarisira Aishandiswa Nevanhu vomunharaunda

Kupiwa kwapashoma kwaIndia nzvimbo yakaganhurirwa, tarisiro yakavakirwa panzanga kupfurikidza namakirabhu omunzvimbomo, vazvipiri, uye mabatira pamwe − kungagovera tsigiro inoparira mutengo. NPOP inofanira kutsigira kusikwa kwe “zvinobatira pamwe zvokutarisira” uko vakuru vanoisa zvinhu zvokutarisira, zvikamu zvezuva, uye yamuro pakati. Kurovedza vatarisiri vemhuri mukutarisira nokutarisira kudzvinyirirwa kunokoshawo. Rubudiriro rweKerala [[FLT: 0] Vayomithram [ chirongwa, icho chinogovera kutarisirwa kwoutano hwepambuvakwegura, chingagona kupfuudzwa muruwa. Mitevedzero yeNGO uye .

Kuwedzera Kushanda Kwemari Nekuvharirwa

Hurumende inofanira kusunda kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kwemari yomudyandigere yapanyika yose, isiri inosiiwa yavanhu vakura, inoda kusvika pa50% yomubhadharo muduku(ichi rumbidzo yakakomba inobva kumapoka akawanda enzanga. NPOP inofanira kusunda nokuda kwewedzero yemari yomudyandigere netsinhano. Hurumende inofanirawo kupfavisa kusvika pakukwereta vanhu vakuru kupfurikidza namasangano maduku, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti zvirongwa zvokuchinja chikwereti zviri pachena uye zvakadzivirirwa pakubiridzira. Kukwikwidza Aadhaar neakaunzi dzebhangi zvine mipanhau inodzoso yakadzorwa zvishoma nezvishoma, asi nhamburiko dzinofanira kupfuurira kubatanidza varombo vanoshaiwa mapepa.

Kunyoresa Kuitwa Kwemitemo Nokumanikidzwa

Dare rokuMatambira naNyuro reParents and Senior Citizens Act rinoda kugadzirwa kukuru nematare enzira dzinokurumidza uye matare akawanda. NPOP inofanira kudzokororwa kubatanidza gwaro rekodzero dzavanhu vakura iro rinodzorwa pamutemo, rakafanana nekodzero dzaVanhu Vane Urema Husina Kumira zvakanaka. Gadziro dzechibharo dzokubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavakuru dzinofanira kusimbiswa, uye kushuma kwechibvumirano nezvoutano uye vashandi venzanga kunofanira kurangarirwa. Nyumbudhi yepakati yekodzero dzavakuru ingagona kunzvera ndokugamuchira zvichemo.

Kusimudzira Kubatana Kwechizvarwa

Kukwegura kusingaitiki mukuparadzana. NPOP inofanira kusimudzira zvirongwa zvinobatanidza vaduku navakuru, zvakadai sokurondedzera nhau muzvikoro, kugoverana mabasa edzimba, uye unyanzvi hwokuberekana. Kuderedza zera munzvimbo dzavose ne(parks), maraibhurari, horo dzenzanga (*) dzinoparadza mativi ose uye kuvaka ruremekedzo pakati pevana. Hurumende Uchenjeri naManyuko (WEVEC) chiito chinobatanidza nyanzvi dzezvidzidzo nezvipanga mazano inhano mugwara.

Kunyatsotaura Zvinodiwa Nemapoka Ane Zvaanokanganisa

NPOP inofanira kudenha zviri nani vakadzi vakura, chirikadzi, varombo zvikurusa, naavo vanogara voga. Gadziriro dzourombo dzoruvara rwehasha . Dzakadai semidyandigere yokutanga yavakadzi vakura, mapoka etsigiro chaiyo, uye kuziva kodzero dzezvinhu (zvinokosha). Nenzira yakafanana, vakwegura vendudzi nevomumaruwa, avo kazhinji kazhinji vasingawani marusangiro anokosha, vanofanira kuraira kubviswa kwemitengo yemo yomunzvimbomo. Muitiro unofanira kuraira kuunganidzwa kwemashoko anobviswa kutevera masangano aya uye kugadziridza kuwirira maererano nokuwirirana.

mhedziso

National Policy on Old Persons inoramba iri chinyorwa chehwaro hwekusvika kwaIndia . Yakagadza nhungamiro yakajeka yakadai sechirevo chechiremera, chengeteko, uye kutora rutivi(kachinoisa mutemo unokosha nepurogiramu. Zvisinei, mukaha pakati pevavariro yemitemo nechinhu chaicho uchiri mukuru. Wachi inovakwa: panosvika 2030, India ichava navagari vemo vanopfuura 200 miriyoni. NPOP inofanira kutendeukira kuva nesimba, yakasanoiswa, uye yakadzikamisa gadziriro inona zvikuru inona nemavambo etsika inokweverwa apo inochengeta mipiro yavanhu vakura. Sezvo India anotsvaka kuva rudzi rwakabudirira, kubudirira kwawo kuchayerwa kwete bedzi nokukura kwemari asi nenzira inosanoiitira nayo vakuru. APO inovimbisazve, nokuzvidavirira, uye kuchengeterwa, uye kuchengeterwa kwomunhu mukuru, izvo zvinova zvinova zvinovako.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, nongedzera kuMurairo weNyika paVanhu vakura 1999 (PDF), [[FLT:] United Nations Ageing Resources [, uye [[FLT] World Health Organizationing and Health peji repasi pose remashoko akapoteredza.