UHlomelo lwesine loMgaqo-siseko waseUnited States lumisela ukukhusela okusisiseko nxamnye nokunyanzelwa komthetho: ilungelo labantu lokukhuseleka kubantu babo, kwizindlu, kumaphepha, nakwiziphumo zokulwa nokuphanda okungekho ngqiqweni nokuxhuzula. Ngoxa lo khuseleko lisisixhobo senkululeko yaseMerika, ukwazi ukuba ungaqonda njani xa usebenza ngokuqhubekayo kuxa uxanduva lwehlabathi lokwenene lokunyanzeliswa komthetho. Eli nqaku linikela icebiso elisebenzisekayo lokukunceda uqonde xa amalungelo akho e-C5 Comprandment ekhuselwa kwaye ekwazi ukusabela ngendlela ephumelelayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuzinziwa, uyakwazi ukugcina ithuba lakho lobuqu bakho kwaye uqinisekise ukuba naluphi na uvavanyo okanye ukuxhuzula kwakho kuyinto esemthethweni kwaye kuyathetheleleka.

Ukuqonda IsiHlomelo Sesine

UHlaziyo lwesine alukwaleli konke ukuphengulula nokuxhuzula, kuphela oko okungekho ngqiqweni. Umbhalo ngokwawo ufundeka ngolu hlobo: "Ilungelo labantu lokukhuseleka kubantu babo, izindlu, amaphepha, kunye neziphumo, nxamnye nokuphengulula okungekho ngqiqweni nokuxhuzula, akuyi kuphangwa, kwaye akukho nanye enokuthi imfazwe ikhutshwe, kodwa ngaphaya kwesizathu, ixhaswe ngu-Oath okanye isiqinisekiso, kwaye ichaza ngokukhethekile indawo efuna ukuphengululwa, kunye nezinto eziza kuthinjwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuphendla okanye ukuxhuzula okufanelekileyo, kumele kusekelwe kwisiqinisekiso esikhutshwe ngesizathu esifanelekileyo, okanye ukuwa ngaphandle kwesizathu esikhethekileyo.

Ukuqonda amagama angundoqo "phengulula" kunye "ne-"asityhafu" kubalulekile. Uphando luyenzeka xa urhulumente ephazamisa ukulindela umntu okusengqiqweni kobucala. Ukuphangwa kwempahla kwenzeka xa kukho ingxwabangxwaba enenjongo emntwini ekungeneni kwemeko yakhe. Ukuxhuzula komntu (ngokufuthi kubizwa ngokuba "misa" okanye "ukuyeka" indawo"/ukuthatha indawo xa umntu onengqondo engenakuziva ekhululekileyo ukuphuma kuloo ntlanganiso.

Into Ebangela Ukuba Abantu Bafune

Phantsi kotoliko lweNkundla ePhakamileyo, uphengululo ludla ngokuqwalaselwa xa ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kuphazamisa indawo apho umntu enembono ecacileyo ye-. Oku kuquka ikhaya lakho, imoto yakho (kungaphaya-ngaphaya kwendlela), isikhwasi sakho okanye isikhwaphe sakho semipu. Noko ke, asizizo zonke iingqwalasela zamapolisa eziphendlayo. Umzekelo, izinto ezishiywe ngaphandle kwembono-$ezinjengezinto ezingekho mthethweni kwisihlalo semoto esibonakalayo ngaphandle kwe-$ayikhuseli ngenxa yokuba akukho kuthelekelelwa ukuba yimfihlo okubonakalayo.

Into Ebangela Ukuba Ukungabikho Kwento Eyenzayo

Ukuphazanyiswa komntu wakho kwenzeka xa igosa lisebenzisa amandla okanye igunya ukukuthintela, kwaye umntu onengqondo kwimeko yakho akanakuziva ekhululekile ukuphuma. Oku kunokwenzeka nangaphandle kokuzibamba emzimbeni (ngokomzekelo, xa umphathi evala indlela yakho, uyalela ukuba ume, okanye wenze umoya ojikelezayo. Ukuqonda xa u "wenziwe" kubalulekileyo kuba kubangela ukhuseleko loMphetho-mda wesine kunye nemfuneko yokukrokrelela okanye ukubeka ityala elifanelekileyo.

Ukuqonda Uphando Nezinto Eziziintsomi

Esinye seempawu ezicacileyo zokuba amalungelo akho oMphetho-mva wesine wokuHlaziya akhuselekile kuxa amagosa omthetho enika amagosa enkonzo e- agunyazisa ukukhangela phambi kokuqhuba uphendlo. Isiqinisekiso kufuneka sikhutshwe yimantswana engondilele, ngokusekelwe kwisizathu esilindelekileyo, kwaye kufuneka achaze ngokungqalileyo indawo ekufuneka iphendwe kwaye izinto ezizakubanjwe. Ukuba amagosa akubonisa isiqinisekiso esihlangabezana nezi nkcukacha aze aqhubeke ukuphendla kuphela kwidaba elo gunya, amalungelo akho amele ahlonelwe.

Ukongezelela, ukuphanda nokuxhuzula okufanelekileyo kusoloko kukhatshwa yingcaciso ecacileyo yegunya nenjongo yabaphathi. Umzekelo, ngexesha lokumisa kweetrafiki, igosa kufuneka lichaze isizathu sokuba linitsalele lize lisike ixesha lokumisa ukuya kwinjongo yokwaphula umthetho kwasekuqaleni, ngaphandle kokuba liqala ukukrokrala ngokusengqiqweni komnye umsebenzi wolwaphulo-mthetho. Ukuba amagosa alandela iinkqubo ezisemthethweni . "ezingathi acela ukuvuma ngaphambi kokuphendla inqwelo-mafutha okanye impahla yakho, kunokunyanzela ukuba ungene ngaphakathi," oku kubonisa ukuhlonela amalungelo akho.

Imfuneko Engummangaliso

Izakhono zingumgangatho wegolide wokuthobela uHlaziyo lwesine. Zifuna ukuba umthetho unyanzeliswe ukunikela ubungqina kumajaji nokufumana imvume yobulungisa phambi kokuba kungenelwe imvume yecala lomntu. Xa kukho isiqinisekiso, ukuphengulula kucingelwa ukuba kusengqiqweni, ukuba uhlala kumda wesiqinisekiso. Kufuneka ubuze ukubona isiqinisekiso kwaye ufunde ngononophelo. Ukuba imvume ichaza ukuba amagosa anokuphendla ikhaya lakho ngenxa yee-elektroniki ezibiweyo, abanakukwazi ngokusemthethweni ukuphengulula ngamaphepha akho obuqu okanye iifayile zamanani ngaphandle kokuba awenziswe phantsi kombono ocacileyo.

Abantu Abakhethekileyo Abangenalutsalane

Ngoxa imvume ikhethwa, iNkundla ePhakamileyo iqaphele iindidi eziliqela ezivumela ukuphengululwa nokuxhuzula okungagunyaziswanga phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Ukwazi ezi zimkhethe kukunceda uqonde xa uphando ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso kusenokusemthethweni:

  • [[FLT: 0] Imvume: Ukuba uvuma ngokuzithandela ukukhangela, abaphathi-mikhosi abafuni mvume. Noko ke, unelungelo lokungavumi, kwaye ukwala kwakho akunakusetyenziswa njengobungqina bokuba netyala.
  • [[UMGAQO-] Iimeko eziqinisiweyo: Ukuba kukho isisongelo esikhawulezileyo kubomi, umngcipheko wobungqina botshaba, okanye ukusukela ngokushushu umkrokrela obalekayo, abaphathi-mikhosi bangakhangela ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso.
  • [[Uluhlu: 0] Ukukhangela Ithuba lokubanjwa:[[FT:1] Emva kokubambeka ngokusemthethweni, amagosa angaphengulula umntu wakho kunye nendawo ekuyo ekukhawulezileyo ukufikelela (indawo efana nenqanawa") ukwenzela izixhobo okanye ubungqina.
  • [[UMTL:0] Imboniselo ePlain: Ukuba igosa likhona ngokusemthethweni kwindawo kwaye libona ukungahambelani okanye ubungqina kwimboniselo ecacileyo, bangalithatha ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso.
  • [[UMTL:0] Inqwelo - mafutha Ezenzekelayo Unxaxhi: Ngenxa yokuncitshiswa kokulindela ukungabikho kwento efihlakeleyo kwizithuthi nokuhamba kwazo, abaphathi-majoni bangakhangela imoto ukuba banonobangela olindelekileyo, nokuba abanagunyaziso.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuma neFrisk: Ukuba umphathi urhanela ngokusengqiqweni ukuba uxhobile kwaye uyingozi, banokuqhuba isiphelo esisikelwe phantsi sempahla yakho engaphandle ukwenzela izixhobo.

Ukuba uphendlo luye lwawela phantsi kwenye yezi zinxaxhi, amalungelo akho asakhuselwa kuba umahluko usemthethweni. Noko ke, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba abaphathi banezizathu ezizizo, umzekelo, ukuba bathi bakwimeko ezizizo, phawula indlela abacinga ngayo nokuba ibonakala ifanelekile kusini na.

Ukwazi Ixesha Amalungelo Akho Aphulwa Ngalo

Ukwaphulwa koMgaqo-nkqubo wesine kwenzeka xa umthetho uqhuba ukuphengulula okanye ukuxhuzula ngaphandle kwemvume esebenzayo. Ukuqonda iimpawu zokwaphulwa komthetho kunokukunceda uzikhusele kwaye kamva ucel ’ umngeni izenzo ezingekho mthethweni. Iiflegi ezibomvu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

  • Hlola ngaphandle kwemvume yakho, isiqinisekiso, okanye into engaziwayo.
  • Amagosa angafuniyo ukubonisa isiqinisekiso xa ebuzwa.
  • Ingazimiselanga izinto ezihlala ixesha elide kunokuba kuyimfuneko ngenjongo yokuqala (umz., ukumisa kweenqwelo - mafutha kwaya kugqitha ixesha elifunekayo lokukhupha itikiti ngaphandle kokukrokrela okufanelekileyo).
  • Ukukhangela iindawo ezingaphaya komda wesiqinisekiso (umz., ukuvula iibhokisi ezitshixiweyo azidweliswanga kwisiqinisekiso).
  • Ukusebenzisa amandla agqithiseleyo xa ukhangela okanye uxhuzula.

Amalungelo akho ayaphulwa ukuba amagosa aqhuba uphando olusekelwe kukusebenzisa kwakho amalungelo omGaqo-siseko, njengokungavumi ukuvuma okanye ukucela igqwetha. Unelungelo lokuhlala uthe cwaka nelungelo lokungavumi ukuphengulula. Ukuba ugwetyelwe ngenxa yokusebenzisa la malungelo, oko kuluphawu olunamandla lokwaphula umthetho.

Imizekelo Eqhelekileyo Yezinto Ezinokuphula Umthetho

Ezinye iimbambano zokunyanzeliswa komthetho zidla ngokubangelwa yimibandela yomgaqo-siseko. Nazi iimeko eziliqela apho ufanele ulumke ngokukhethekileyo:

Uhambo Ngezithuthi Luyama

Ngexesha lokumisa okuqhelekileyo kwezithuthi, amagosa asenokucela imvume yakho kunye nokubhalisa. Ngaphandle kokuba banokukrokreleka ngokusengqiqweni ngezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezongezelelekileyo (njengevumba lomya, okanye ukubona i-ankile), abanakuyiphengulula ngokusemthethweni inqwelo-mafutha yakho ngaphandle kwemvume yakho okanye imvume. Ukuba igosa liyabuza, "Uyathanda ukuba ndijonge?" uyakwazi ukuyeka ukuba uthe thatha. Ukuba bayaqhubeka, oko kungaba kukuchasa ngaphandle kokuba bachazele ngokuphandle ukuba bathe ngqo unobangela ofanelekileyo.

Ukukhangela Kwasekhaya

Ikhaya lakho linandipha umgangatho ophezulu woMphetho-mda wesine. Ngaphandle kokuba amagosa anesiqinisekiso esisemthethweni, imvume yakho, okanye iimeko ezivakalayo, akanakungena ekhayeni lakho ngaphandle kwemvume. Ukuba ankqonkqoza aze afune ukungena, ungaqinisekisa ilungelo lakho lokuthi hayi. Ukuba angena ngaphandle kwemvume yaye ngaphandle komkhethe, nabuphi na ubungqina anokubufumana bungacinywa enkundleni.

Izixhobo zamanani

ISichithi soMphetho wesine sisebenza kwiifowuni, ii-laptops nezinye izixhobo zombane. Inkundla ePhakamileyo ikholelwa ukuba amagosa asoloko efuna imvume yokuphengulula icell phone, nokuba ifowuni ibanjiwe ukuze abambe (iRiley v. California). Ukuba umphathi ufuna ukuba ubhale ikhowudi yakho okanye uqalise ukuqokelela ii-imeyili zakho ngaphandle kwemvume, oko kusenokuba kukuchasana.

Amacebiso Asebenzisekayo Okukhusela Amalungelo Akho

Ukhuseleko olukhuselweyo lwamalungelo akho oMbetho wesine kufuneka uthozame, wenze into ngolwazi. Nazi amacebiso aluncedo onokuwasebenzisa kulwazi lwexesha lokwenene:

Ebudeni Bokudibana Kwamapolisa

  • Cela i-Warrant: Ukuba amagosa abonisa ukuba anqwenela ukukhangela ikhaya lakho, imoto, okanye impahla, buza ngqo: "Unesiqinisekiso?" Ukuba bathi hayi, ungathi: "Andivumelani nokukhangela" Oku kugcina ilungelo lakho lokuvavanya kamva.
  • Ukucela ukuqulunqwa kunye noDonga: ngesidima cela ukubona ibheji yegosa kunye nesiqinisekiso ukuba omnye uthe waxelwa. Funda isiqinisekiso ukuqinisekisa ukuba sityikitywe ngumgwebi kwaye uchaze indawo yokukhangela ngokungqalileyo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Rhoqoza Uzolile noMsindisi: Gcina izandla zakho zibonakala, thetha ngendlela yobundilele, kwaye ngokucacileyo kodwa ngokuzolileyo ungavumi ukuba ungakhangeli. Ukuba "Andivumi ukuphengulula" kuphumelela kakhulu kunokuthobela okanye ukuxambulisana okungekho mthethweni.
  • Ukukhupha Amalungelo Akho ngokulula: Ukuba uvalelwe, ungathi: "Ndisebenzisa ilungelo lam lokuhlala ndithulile kwaye ndisebenzisa ilungelo lam kwigqwetha." Oku kubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuma kwakho kwaye kunganqanda ukubuzana okungakumbi.
  • Ungaxhathisi ngokwasemzimbeni: Nokuba ukholelwa ukuba amalungelo akho aphulwayo, ungaxhathisi ngokwasemzimbeni okanye uphengululo. Ukuxhathisa kungakhokelela kwityala elongeziweyo nengozi engokomzimba. Endaweni yoko, yibhaleni isiganeko kwaye niyicel ’ umngeni ngemijelo esemthethweni kamva.

Ukubhala Isiganeko

  • Ikhutshelwa uDidi: Kumaphondo amaninzi, unelungelo lokurekhoda amagosa amapolisa esenza imisebenzi yawo phambi kwabantu. Sebenzisa umnxeba wakho ukuthatha ividiyo nesandi, kodwa yenza oko ngokuzithemba nangokukhuselekileyo. Obu bungqina bungaba luncedo ekungqineni ulwaphuko.
  • Thatha Amanqaku ngoko nangoko Emva: Bhala phantsi amagama abaphathi, amanani ebheji, amanani enqwelo-mafutha, kunye nesibonelelo esimelwe yiyo. bhala ixesha, umhla, indawo, kunye nenkcazelo eneenkcukacha yoko kwenzekayo/iquka naziphina iingxelo ezenziwe ngabaphathi.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ulwazi lweNgqina: Ukuba ababukeli bajongile umhla, cela ulwazi lwabo loqhakamshelwano. Ii-akhawunti zamaNgqina zingaxhasa uhlobo lwakho lweziganeko.

Oko Umele Ukwenze Ukuba Amalungelo Akho Aphulwayo

Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba ukugcinwa komthetho kwaphula amalungelo akho okuHlaziya kweyesine, uneenkqubo ezininzi ezisemthethweni. Elona nyathelo libalulekileyo kukugcina ubungqina nokuqhagamshelana negqwetha elinamava. Musa ukuxambulisana namagosa akwindawo ekwakunje,

Ukuphembelela Intshukumo Yokucinezela

Kwimeko zolwaphulo-mthetho, ukuba ubungqina bufunyenwe ngokuphanda okungekho mthethweni okanye ngokuxhuzula, igqwetha lakho lingafaka i- isiqumlo sokucinezela u ubungqina obukhoyo. Phantsi komthetho wokususwa komthetho, ubungqina obufunyanwa kukwaphulwa kweSihlaziyo sesine abenziwa kwinkundla. Lo mthetho, osungulwe eMap v. Ohio, usebenza kurhulumente nakumthetho wolawulo. Ukuphumelela kokucinezela ubungqina bunga ngokuqhelekileyo kukhokelela ekucuthengisweni kwetyala okanye ekugxothweni.

Ukudibana Neattorney

Umthetho woMgaqo-siseko untsonkothile kwaye ungqalene nenyaniso. Ukujongana negqwetha lokhuseleko lolwaphulo-mthetho elinobuchule kwimibandela yeSine soMgaqo-nkqubo kuyinto enzima. Bangakucebisa enoba amalungelo akho aphulwa, avavanywe na, avavanywe amandla entshukumo yokucinezela, aze akumele enkundleni. Ngaphezu koko, kwiimeko zabemi, usenokuba nezizathu zokumangalela ityala lomonakalo ngaphantsi kwama-42 e-U.S.C. ngo19 1983 ngenxa yokuphanda nokuxhuzula okungekho ngqiqweni.

Ukukhalaza

Uyakwazi ukufaka isikhalazo esisemthethweni kwisebe lokunyanzelisa umthetho elibandakanyekileyo okanye kumaqumrhu okuvelela abantu. Nangona oku kungayi kukhokelela kwisikhululo esikhawulezileyo somthetho, kungakhokelela ekuphandweni kwangaphakathi nasekutshintsheni kwemigaqo.

Imithombo yangaphandle yolunye ulwazi

Ukuyiqonda ngokunzulu iSichibiyelo sesine namalungelo akho, jonga imithombo enegunya yangaphandle. [[FLT:] IQumlnell Legional Information Institute inikela ushwankathelo oluneenkcukacha lwesi-Gawulayo sesine. [[FLT:]] Izimvo zeSinazini zeLiberation Union (ACLU])[FLT: 3] inika izikhokelo ezisebenzayo ekunxibelelaneni namapolisa nasekukhuseleni amalungelo akho. Ngaphezu koko, [[[FLT: 4.] izimvo zeNkundla zeNkundla [nge-live:] [iiiiiinterconian v v. United States ibonisa indlela okusebenza ngayo ukuhlazinziswa kwe-5 kwizobugcisa zale mihla.

Isiphelo

Ukuqonda xa amalungelo akho oMphengululo wesine ekhuselwa bubuchule obusebenzisekayo obufuna ulwazi lomthetho, ukuphaphela okungqongileyo, kunye nentembelo yokuqinisa amalungelo akho ngokuzolileyo. Ngokucela imvume, ngokungavumi ukuvuma xa kufanelekile, nangokubhala amava, ungazixhasa izikhuseli zomgaqo-siseko ezikhusela ilungelo lakho lokuzimela wedwa nokhuseleko. Khumbula ukuba uMphetho wesine awuyo imfundiso esemthethweni kuphela.