Ucalucalulo lobudala luhlala luyingxaki eqhubekayo kumsebenzi wempangelo, engachaphazeli abasebenzi abadala kuphela kodwa ngamanye amaxesha abasebenzi abasebatsha kunye. Xa ugqithiselwa ngenxa yokunyuselwa, ukhutshwe kumgangatho ophantsi ngokukrokrelekileyo, okanye uthotyelwe kumagqabaza athobhliweyo angeminyaka yakho, ifuthe elokuphazamisa umsebenzi wakho kunye nokuziva kwakho uxabisekile. Ngethamsanqa, imithetho yorhulumente neyorhulumente inika amancedo anamandla asemthethweni kumaxhoba ocalulo oludala. Ukuqonda la manyathelo angundoqo ekukhuseleni amalungelo akho nokubeka abaqeshinaye. Eli nqaku linikela ushwankathelo olucacileyo lwendlela ezikhoyo, imigaqo omele uyilandele, kunye namanyathelo asebenzayo okwakha imeko eyomeleleyo.

Ukuqonda Imithetho Yokwahlulelwa Ubudala

Isiseko somthetho wocalucalulo lwamadala karhulumente ngumthetho we- owe-Agegenti kuMsebenzi wonyaka ka-1967 (ADEA). Lo mthetho ukhusela abantu abaneminyaka engama-40 ubudala okanye abakhulileyo ekukhetheni imisebenzi esekelwe kubudala. I-ADEA isebenza kubaqeshi abasemagunyeni nabaqeshwa, nakurhulumente, amaziko emisebenzi, kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi. Iquka uluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi, kuquka ukuqesha, ukudubula, ukunyusa, ukunyusa, ukuhlawula, intlawulo, izabelo zomsebenzi, uqeqesho, iinzuzo, kunye nayiphi nayiphi na imeko okanye nayiphi na enye imisebenzi.

Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iADEA ikwalela ukukhathazwa ngokweminyaka yobudala, njengamaqhulo ahlazisayo, okanye amagqabaza abangela imeko-bume eyingozi yomsebenzi. Ukubuyiselwa komqeshi akunako ukukohlwaya ngokubeka ityala localulo, ukuba nenxaxheba kuphando, okanye ukuphikisa ulwaphulo-mthetho. Umthetho usebenza kumsebenzi wangoku nakumntu osebenza ngoku.

Ngeli xesha iADEA ingumthetho ophambili karhulumente, asingowokuphela kokhuseleko olukhoyo. Amazwe amaninzi anemithetho yawo elwa nongquzulwano enika ukhuseleko olubanzi. Eminye imithetho yesizwe ifihla bonke abaqeshwa kungakhathaliseki ubudala (hayi abo bangaphezulu nje kwe 40), isebenzisa abaqeshi abancinci kune-ADEA, okanye inike unyango olungakumbi njengomonakalo ongathintelwanga. Umzekelo, iKhalifoniaiair Moule and Hollas Act (FEHA) inikeza ukhuseleko olubanzi kwaye ivumela ukuba iziphumo zomonakalo phantsi kweemeko ezithile zihambele. Ngokufanayo, amalungelo oLuntu amalungelo abantu aseNew York akhusela abasebenzi beminyaka yobudala obungangentlanu. Ivavanywa imithetho yakho ngenxa yokuba ulawulo lwezonyango lungagqith okanye ulawulo oluphezulu.

Ukongezelela, iADEA yomelezwa yi iOlder Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA) ka 1990, ecacisa ukuba ucalulo olusekelwe kumadala omqeshwa luyingenelo kwimisebenzi ngaphandle kokuba lugwetyelwe ngexabiso elikhulu. I-OWBPA imisela iimfuno ezingqongqo kubachasi-ADEA kumalungelo okwaphula izivumelwano okanye kwizisusa zomhlala-phantsi. Ukuba umqeshi ukucela ukuba utyikitye umenzi we-raver, kufuneka unikwe iintsuku ezingama-21 ukuqwalasela (ientsuku ezingamashumi amane eendleko) kunye nentsuku ezisixhenxe zokungawunyanzeli utyikityiki. Ukunga ukuphumeza ezi mfuneko kuthetha ukuba ungayisebenzisi.

Amangenelo Asemthethweni Amaxhoba Obudala Obuhlanga

Xa umqeshi ephula umthetho karhulumente we-ADEA okanye i-athomous, amaxhoba anelungelo lonyango oluninzi olulungiselelwe ukuwenza aphelele kwaye athintele ucalulo lwexesha elizayo. La mancedo anokubekwa kwiindawo ezintathu: ulawulo ne-EEOC, ukumangalelwa kwangasese, kunye nentlawulo ekhethekileyo.

Ukumangalela Ikomiti Yomsebenzi Elinganayo (EOC)

Phambi kokuba ubeke ityala phantsi kwe ADEA kwinkundla yesizwe, wena umele kuqala ifayile ulawulo localulo nge-EEOC. Le yimfuneko enyanzelekileyo yolawulo. IEEOC ngumbutho wesizwe ojongene nokunyanzelisa i-ADEA kunye neminye imithetho ejongene nocalulo lwemisebenzi. Le nkqubo iqala ngokunikezela ifomu etyikitywe, mhlawumbi nge-intanethi, okanye kumntu kwi-ofisi ye-EOC. I-EEOC iza kwazisa umqeshishi wakho kwaye iqalise uphengululo.

Uxanduva lubalulekile. Uneentsuku zekhalenda eziyi180 ukusuka kumhla wesenzo sokuzimela ulawulo uku faka ulawulo nge EOC. Noko ke, ngokwendlela ezithi zinomthetho ochasene nodibaniso kunye nesebe lezwe (elibizwa ngokuba yi- “deteral" meko), ixesha linikezelwe ku [[FLT:] 300 imihla . Imizekelo yamatyala enqanawa iquka iKhalifoniya, New York, iFlorida, i Texas, kunye ne Illinonian. Ukuba uphoswe zezi ziganeko, ungalahlekelwa kukuzibanga ngokusisigxilo sakho.

Ngexesha lophando lwe-EEOC, omabini amacala angacelwa ukuba anikeze ubungqina, amaxwebhu, kunye nobungqina. IEEOC ingazama ukulungiselela ukuhlalisana ngokusetyenziswa kolawulo. Ukuba iEEOC ifumana isizathu esisengqiqweni sokukholelwa ukuba ucalucalulo lwenzekile, iyakuzama ukudibanisa umqeshi kunye nencwadi yokuzithandela. Ukuba ukudibana kwe-EOC kungangaphumeleli, kungafaka ityala kuwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-EOC iya kukhupha i-“ Ilungelo lokuya kuSuee [1] , elinika ugunyaziso kuxwebhu olusemthethweni. Kufuneka unikezele ulwaphulo-mthetho [FLT] ngaphakathi kwenkundla yomthetho yoluntu. [FF:]

Ukuthabatha Inyathelo Elisemthethweni Enkundleni

Ukuba ufumene ilungelo lokuya kuSue ileta evela kwiEEOC, okanye ukuba kudlule iintsuku ezili-180 emva kokuba ubhalisile ityala lakho kwaye iEOC ayikagqibi uphando lwayo (nanini na ngaphambili), ungaqhubekeka kwinkundla yesizwe. Imithetho phantsi kwe-ADEA ivavanywa phambi kwenkundla egwebayo, enokuba yingenelo kubasebenzi abaqhelekileyo ngenxa yokuba amajaji anokuba novelwano kwimicimbi yobudala.

Isikhalazo sakho kufuneka sichaze izenzo zocalulo, indlela abayaphula ngayo i-ADEA, kunye nengozi oye wajamelana nayo. Umqeshi uzakuba nethuba lokuphendula kwaye angafaka inyathelo lokukhupha okanye lomgwebo wesishwankathelo. Uhlolo lulandelayo, apho amacala omabini atshintshisanayo kwaye athathe ityala. Ukuba alizinzi, liya kuvavanywa.

Kwezinye iimeko, ungakwazi ukuzisa i'FLT' yeklasi' umsebenzi wecan phantsi kwe ADEA. Noko ke, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo zocalulo, izenzo zeklasi ye ADEA zifuna ityala ngalinye “ukudibanisa” ngokufaka imvume ebhaliweyo yokungenela ityala. Oku kwahlukile kwizenzo zomthetho apho abasebenzi abaqhelekileyo kufuneka bakhethe. Ukuba ucinga ngesenzo sodidi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenza negqwetha elinamava omsebenzi.

Ukufuna Uqoqosho Nomonakalo

Ukuba uyakwazi ukulwahlula ucalucalulo olwenziwe kwiminyaka yakho, inkundla inokukuvuza ngezindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo:

  • [[NTLA] Emva: Lo ngumvuzo, umvuzo, neengenelo ozifumanayo kumhla wesenzo solwaphulo-mthetho de kube ngumhla womgwebo, incinane kakhulu ingeniso. Imali ehlawulwayo iquka iibhonasi ezilahlekileyo, ii-ofisi, ikomishini, unyuso, nezinye iinzuzo ezigqithisileyo. Umqeshi usenokufuneka ukuhlawula inzala kwintlawulo yangasemva.
  • [[NTL: 0] Intlawulo ye-FOnt: Kwiimeko apho ukubuyiselwa kungenziwanga khona (umzekelo, ukuba indawo yomsebenzi ikhohlakele kakhulu okanye umqeshi akanakuthenjwa ukuba uyakuphatha kakuhle), inkundla inganika umvuzo phambi kwenqanawa `enyanisweni ixanduva yakho yekamva lilahleka kwixesha elifanelekileyo de ufumane umsebenzi olinganayo. Imali yexesha elizayo isekelwe kwingeniso yakho elindelekileyo, incitshiswa yimali oyifumanayo kumsebenzi omtsha.
  • Ukuchaza: Inkundla ingayalela umqeshi ukuba akunike umsebenzi wakho omdala emva okanye akubeke kwindawo efanayo. Ukuphinda akuthethisi lunyango olukhethekayo kodwa akusoloko kuluncedo. Kuqheleke kakhulu kwiimeko ezingalunganga apho ulwalamano lomsebenzi lungakhange lonakaliswe ngokungenalungiseka.
  • Umonakalo oncitshisiweyo: Phantsi kwe ADEA, ukuba ukonakalisa komqeshi kwakungu ngokuvolontiweyo [] `enjongo yokuba yazi ukuba ihambo yayo yayingekho mthethweni okanye yabonisa ukungakhathaleli umthetho] inkundla ingawubulala umonakalo olinganayo nomlinganiselo womvuzo wakho wangasemva. Oku kuphinda-phinda ulungiso lwakho lwezoqoqosho.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukunikezela ngomonakalo wodandatheko lweemvakalelo: ngokungafaniyo nento ethethwa phantsi kweSihloko VII (umtshato, isini, unqulo), i-ADE iyawuyeka hayi [ uvumela umonakalo wokubandezeleka ngokweemvakalelo, iintlungu, okanye ukubandezeleka. Noko ke, ukuba imeko yakho ingeniswe phantsi komthetho karhulumente ovumela umonakalo onjalo, ungakwazi ukuwubuyisa kwakhona. Ngokufanayo, awunako ukuphinda ufumane umonakalo wesibo phantsi kwe-ADE, nangona abanye bethetha ukubavumela.
  • Attorneys nendleko: Ukuba uphumelele, inkundla izakuyalela umqeshi ukuba ahlawule iindleko zegqwetha lakho elinolwahlulo. Oku kubalulekileyo kuba ukulitha umsebenzi kungabiza imali eninzi, kwaye eli lungiselelo linceda ukucutha ibala lokudlala.
  • [[Uncedo:0] Isiphumlisi esingesosithintelo: Inkundla ingayalela umqeshi ukuba anqande imisebenzi yokukhupha ulawulo, azalisekise iinkqubo ezintsha, anikezele uqeqesho, okanye izibhengezo zeposi ngamalungelo omqeshwa.

Ngenxa yokuba iADEA inganikezeli kwimposiso okanye kwisohlwayo, amaxhoba asoloko efumanisa ukuba ukululama kwawo kulinganiselwe ngaphandle kokuba ayakwazi ukungqina ukuba umthetho karhulumente uyayichaza loo nto. Ngokomzekelo, kumaphondo anjengeKhalifoniya, iFair Brood and Hossword Act ivumela umonakalo ongenamda wokuxinezelelwa ngokweemvakalelo kunye nezono zokohlwayo kwiimeko zengcinezelo, ubuqhetseba, okanye ubugebenga. Esi sisizathu esinamandla sokuquka oko kuthethwa ngumthetho xa kunokwenzeka.

Ukhuseleko Olungakumbi Nolwazelelelo

Imithetho

Njengoko kuphawuliwe, imithetho karhulumente ingazalisa izithuba ezishiyekileyo yi-ADEA. Amaphondo amaninzi anemithetho ebonakalisa i-ADEA kodwa asebenza kubaqeshi abangaphantsi kwama-20 abaqeshwa, abakhusele abasebenzi abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40, okanye avumele umonakalo ongaphezulu. Ezinye iindawo, njengesiXeko saseNew York, zinemithetho yamalungelo abantu ekwakukho ubudlelwane obuninzi. Umzekelo, umthetho wamalungelo abantu waseNew York City awuvumi ukucalula nabani na oneminyaka eli-18 okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye uvumela ukuba i-ophatho-mthetho osisityalo kunye nesohlwayo njengesohlwayo yamakhaya. Xa ulwa ityala kwakho, usoloko uqwalasela okona kuluncedo.

Abaququzeleli bamaPhondo kunye namaMamkeli eMandla

Abaqeshwa abasebenzisana norhulumente okanye abafumana uncedo lwemali lwamagunya aseburhulumenteni baphantsi kweemfuno ezongezelelekileyo. Phantsi koMyalelo woLawulo oluPhezulu 11246, izalathisi zikarhulumente ezinabaqeshwa abangama-50 okanye ngaphezulu koo-$50 000 kufuneka zingacalucalucalulo ngokwee-dollar zeminyaka yabo kwaye kufuneka bavume ukusebenzisa nokuqhuba abasebenzi abadala abafanelekayo. I-Ofisi yeCompactl Compliance Programs (OFCPCP) inyanzelisa ezi zimfuno. Amaxhoba angafaka isikhalazo ne-OFCCCP, ezinokuthi ziqhube ii-artss kwaye zifake imiyalelo kwizivumelwano zexesha elizayo.

Ulwazelelelo lwezizwe ngezizwe

Ukuba usebenzela inkampani yamazwe ngamazwe okanye ummi wase-U.S. usebenza kwinkampani eqeshwe kwamanye amazwe, ubuchule be-ADEA bunokuba nzima. I-ADEA isebenza kubemi base-U.ADEA jikelele kuqeshwa ngabaqeshi baseMerika kumazwe asemzini, ngaphandle kokuba ukuthotyelwa kwemvume bekuya kuphula umthetho welizwe elo. Ngokuchasene noko, iinkampani zamanye amazwe ezisebenza eUnited States kufuneka zivumelane ne-ADEA. Ukuba uqeshwe ngaphesheya, kuyimfuneko ukubuza igqwetha elinobuchule bomsebenzi wamazwe ngamazwe.

Indlela Yokomeleza Ingcamango Yokucalucalulo Ngokweminyaka Yakho

Ukubonakalisa ucalucalulo lobudala obuphumelelayo kufuna ubungqina. Umthwalo okhoyo kuwe ukubonisa ukuba iminyaka yobudala “yayinguthunywa" kwisigqibo somqeshi, okuthetha ukuba kodwa ubudala bakho, inyathelo elibi aliyikwenzeka. Ukuqinisa ukuzithethelela kwakho, cinga ngamanyathelo alandelayo:

  • Uxwebhu Lugcine ii-imeyili, uhlolo, imisebenzi, kunye nazo naziphi na iindlela ezibhaliweyo ezibonisa iminyaka enxulumene namagqabaza okanye unyango olwahlukileyo. Gcina ulindixesha onenkcukacha zeziganeko, kuquka imihla, amaxesha, amangqina, kunye namagqabaza angqalileyo. Ukuba uphantsi kweziqhulo okanye iintetho zobudala, phawula ngoko nangoko.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ibonisa abanxibelelanisi: Fumana abo usebenza nabo abancinane kodwa ngokufanayo bebekwe (indawo enye, umgangatho omnye womsebenzi, umphathi omnye) nabaphathwa kakuhle. Umzekelo, ukuba ukhutshelwe ngaphandle ngexesha umqeshwa omncinci onolwazi oluncinane wagcinwa, oko bubungqina obunamandla bocalulo.
  • Iingxelo zomsebenzi ezisebenzayo: Ukuba umqeshi wakho uqala ngequbuliso ukugxeka umsebenzi wakho phambi kokuba upheliswe, oko kusenokuba yibhethri yocalulo. Gcina imibhalo yovavanyo olufanelekileyo, iimbasa, kunye nokunconywa.
  • [[FLT: 0] AmaNgqina abonisa amagosa aphezulu aphezulu avile iintetho zocalulo okanye aphathwa ngendlela efanayo anokuba ngamangqina abalulekileyo. Lumka ukuba abanye basenokumathidala ukuza phambili ngenxa yokoyika ukuziphindezela, kodwa ubungqina babo bunganyanzelwa ngokuvavanywa okanye ngophengululo lwe-EOC.
  • [[NTLT: 0] Musa Ukutyikitya Nantoni Na Ngaphandle kweSiluleko Somthetho: Ukuba umqeshi wakho unika imvume okanye ukucela ukuba usayike ukukhululwa kwengxelo, musa ukuyityikitya ngaphandle kwegqwetha. I-OWBPA ifuna utyhilo olungqalileyo kunye namathuba okulinda abaxhasi abasemthethweni. Ukutyikitya umfaki-mthetho ongafanelekanga angawalahlekelwa amalungelo akho.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ngexesha elikhawulezileyo: Ixesha lokugqiba lokugcina i e-EOC lingqongqo. Musa ukulinda. Nokuba akuqinisekanga ukuba unetyala, bhala ityala lokukhusela amalungelo akho. Ungasoloko ulikhupha kamva ukuba imeko isombululo.

Ukufumana Nokusebenza Nomntu Oqeshayo

Amatyala ocalucalulo onyaka anzima. Igqwetha elinamava omsebenzi lingakunceda ukuba uvavanye amandla entengo yakho, uhambele phambili iinkqubo ze-EEOC, kwaye uphuhlise indlela yokulungisa. Amagqwetha amaninzi emisebenzi anika ukhangelo lwamahala olukhululekileyo kunye nokusebenza ngesiseko semali (ngokuba kuphela ahlawulwa ukuba uphumelele). Ukufumana igqwetha elifanelekileyo, ungasebenzisa izinto ezifana ne- National Acliblodyers Association (NELA) okanye umbutho we-gqwebe lakho we-ofisi ye-ofisi ye-ofisi elawulayokubamba.

Xa udibana negqwetha, yiza nazo zonke iingxelo zakho uze ukulungele ukuxubusha ngomxeba weziganeko, amagama abantu abafanelekileyo, nabuphi na ubungqina obuqokelelileyo. Buza ngamava ale gqwetha kumatyala obudala, indlela abahlawula ngayo, kunye nokujonga kwabo ityala lakho. Igqwetha elilungileyo liya kuthembeka kwiingxaki nakwiiziphumo ezinokwenzeka.

Isiphelo

Ucalucalulo lobudala alungobulungisa nje kuphela; alukho semthethweni. Amaxhoba afumene iindlela eziphezulu zokwandiswa phantsi kwemithetho ye-ADEA kunye ne-orhulumente, ukususela kumvuzo ongasemva nokubuyiselwa kumonakalo owenziweyo kunye nokukhululeka. Le nkqubo inokuba yeyoyikekayo, ingakumbi xa sele ujongene noxinezeleko lweemvakalelo kunye nemali olungokweemeko, kodwa akunyanzelekanga ukujamelana nalo wedwa. Ngokuqonda amalungelo akho, ukuhlanganisa ubungqina, ukugqiba iziganeko, nokufuna isiluleko esisemthethweni, ungamgcina umqeshi wakho enecala kwaye uphumeze ukugwetyelwa okufanelekileyo. Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba ucalulwe ngokunjalo ngenxa yobudala bakho, yenza isenzo. Thetha umlomo namhlanje.