Ukuqonda Amalungelo Akho Asekuhlaleni Emsebenzini Nakwiindawo Ezinguwonke

Amalungelo oluntu abangela ukhuseleko olukhululekileyo nolulinganayo. Baqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu (ngokuba akakho hlanga, ngumfazi, unqulo, ukhubazekile, okanye ezinye iimpawu ezikhuselweyo) unokuba nenxaxheba ngokupheleleyo emsebenzini, kwezorhwebo, nakubomi basekuhlaleni ngaphandle koloyiko localucalulo okanye ukukhathazwa. Sekunjalo abantu abaninzi abazazi iinkuselo abazenzayo okanye amanyathelo abanokuwathabatha xa loo malungelo ephulwa. Oku kukhokelela ekuphuleni amalungelo akho asekuhlaleni kwimimandla emibini eqhelekileyo: umsebenzi nezithuba zikawonke-wonke. Ukwazi ezi zinto zokuzikhusela kukunika amandla okuzimela wena nabanye, nokuhamba ngentembelo.

Ukukhusela Amalungelo Asekuhlaleni

Imithetho yamalungelo abantu elungelelanisiweyo iguqukile kangangamashumi eminyaka yokwalela ucalucalulo kwimimandla emininzi yobomi bemihla ngemihla. Okona kukhuselwa kuseko kuvela kuMthetho wamaLungelo e-Civil , oweyisa ucalucalulo olusekelwe kuhlanga, imibala, unqulo, isini, okanye imvelaphi yesizwe. Imithetho elandelayo yandisa ezi zikhuseli ukugquma iminyaka, ukukhubazeka, ulwazi ngemfuzo zemfuzo, nezinye. Imithetho engundoqo iquka:

  • Isihloko VII soMthetho wamaLungelo ka1964 – iyalwalela ucalucalulo lwemisebenzi olusekelwe kuhlanga, ibala, unqulo, isini, kunye nemvelaphi yesizwe.
  • AmaMelika anoMthetho wesiphene (ADA) – ayalwalela ucalucalulo kubantu abaneziphene emsebenzini, kwindawo yokulala, ezothutho, kunye neenkonzo zikarhulumente zasekuhlaleni.
  • Ucalucalulo lweminyaka kuMthetho we-ADEA) – ukhusela abantu abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu ukusuka kucalucalulo lwemisebenzi esekelwe kubudala.
  • UMthetho weNkcubeko yeGenericlear Nondicrinication Act (GINA) – uthintela abaqeshi ukuba basebenzise ulwazi lwemfuza ekuqesheni, ekudubuleni, okanye kwizigqibo zokunyusela.
  • Umthetho wamalungelo oluntu ka 1991 – womelezwa unyango localulo lwangabom kunye nobunzima obucacisiweyo bobungqina.

Le mithetho isebenza kuninzi lwabaqeshi abazimeleyo abaqeshwa abakwi-15 okanye ngaphezulu abaqeshwa (20 nangaphezulu kuADEA), kwakunye namaqumrhu karhulumente, karhulumente, kunye nawasekuhlaleni.

Amalungelo Akho Emsebenzini

Kulapho abantu abaninzi bachitha khona ixesha labo elininzi belele, yaye umthetho karhulumente uqinisekisa ukuba awunakuphathwa ngokungekho sikweni ngenxa yeempawu zakho. Iimpawu ezikhuselweyo phantsi komthetho karhulumente ziquka uhlanga, ibala, unqulo, isini (kuquka ukukhulelwa, imbonakalo yesondo, kunye nokuzichaza ngokwesini), imvelaphi yesizwe, iminyaka yobudala (40 okanye ngaphezulu), ukukhubazeka, kunye nolwazi lwemfuza.

Ukudumbisa, ukukhuthaza, nokuphelisa

Ucalucalulo lungavela nakuwo onke amacandelo omsebenzi. Ngexesha lokuqeshwa, abaqeshi abanakubuza imibuzo ephosa ityala, bakhabe isicelo sakho, okanye bamisele iimfuno ezahlukeneyo ezisekelwe kuphawu olukhuselekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, umqeshi akanakukwala ukuqesha umntu ofanelekayo ngenxa yonqulo lwabo, okanye bafune umgangatho othile wokubonakala okuchaphazela ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto ochaphazela abantu bohlanga oluthile.

Xa uqeshiwe, unyuselwa, unyuswe, uphakanyiswe, izabelo zemisebenzi, kunye namathuba okuqeqesha kufuneka anikwe ngaphandle kweempawu ezikhuselekileyo. Ukuba ukhuliswe ngenxa yokusebenza ngamandla, kwaye umntu onyuselweyo ungowahlukileyo umgangatho wabemi nongakufanelekanga, nto leyo esenokuba bubungqina bocalulo. Ngokufanayo, izigqibo zokuphelisa kufuneka zisekelwe kwizizathu ezifanelekileyo zeshishini, kungekhona kumalungu eklasi ekhuselweyo.

Kwakhona akuvumelekanga ukuziphindezela kumqeshwa ngenxa yokuchasa okanye ngenxa yokufaka isikhalazo. Ukubuyiselwa komthetho kubandakanya ukudubula, ukuthoba, ukukhathaza, okanye ukubohlwaya umntu ngokumisela amalungelo akhe.

Iindawo zokuhlala ezinengqiqo

Abaqeshi kufuneka banikezele iindawo ezifanelekileyo zokuhlala [ kubaqeshwa abakhubazekileyo (ngaphantsi kwe ADA) kunye nemikhosi yonqulo (phantsi kweSihloko VII). Indawo yokuhlala esengqiqweni kukulungisa okanye ukulungisa umsebenzi okanye imekobume yomsebenzi eyenza umntu ofanelekayo akwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi. Imizekelo iquka utshintsho lwemisebenzi, izithuba ezifikelelekayo, ubugcisa obuncedisayo, okanye ukuvumela ixesha lokusebenza iiholide zonqulo.

Indawo yokuhlala mayingabeki tyala elilungele umqeshi ([FLT: 1]) kumsebenzi. Oko kuthetha ubunzima obubalulekileyo okanye indleko. Ukuba indawo yokuhlala ingabiza ixabiso elikhulu okanye iphazamisa, umqeshi angacebisa enye into. Unelungelo lokucela indawo yokuhlala kwaye ube nenxaxheba kwinkqubo yokuphendula nomqeshi wakho ukufumana isisombululo esifanelekileyo.

Ukukhathazwa Emsebenzini

Ukukhathazwa luhlobo oluthile localucalulo oludala ubutshaba emsebenzini. Kuquka ihambo engathandekiyo esekelwe kuphawu olukhuselekileyo, olunjengentlekisa yohlanga, iziqhulo ezihlambelayo, intengiso yesini, okanye amagqabaza athoba isidima. Ukuze ukukhathazwa ngokwesini kungabi namthetho, kumele kube nzima okanye kusasazeke ngokwaneleyo ukwenza imekobume ephazamisayo, yentiyo, okanye ephazamisayo, okanye iphumele kwisigqibo esiqatha somsebenzi (njengokugxothwa).

Abalawuli kunye nabasebenzi abasebenza kunye bangaba ngunobangela wokukhathazwa. Abaqeshi bamele bathintele yaye bacombulule ukukhathazwa, kuquka ukuthabatha inyathelo elikhawulezileyo lokulungisa xa bekwazi oko okanye bekufanele ukwazi. Ukuba ukhathazwa, kufuneka uxele kumphathi wakho, iHR, okanye nangayiphi na inkqubo yokukhalaza. Ukuba umqeshi akaphumeleli, unokuba netyala elisemthethweni.

Ukukhalaza NgeEOC

Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba amalungelo akho aphulwe emsebenzini, inyathelo lokuqala lidla ngokuba kukuyila uxanduva ngeKhomishini ye-Ofisi yoMsebenzi (EOC). I-EOC inyanzelisa imithetho yequmrhu echasene 76discrini. Usoloko uneentsuku eziyi-180 zekhalenda ukusuka kumhla wocalulo olutyholweyo ukuyila (ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-300 ukuba urhulumente okanye umbutho wobulali unyanzelisa umthetho ofanayo).

Ungafaka uxanduva kumntu kwi-ofisi ye-EEOC yasekuhlaleni, ngeposi, okanye nge-intanethi kwi-EEOC ye-portal. I-EEOC izakuzama ukuphengulula okanye ukuququzelela. Ukuba i-EEOC ifumene unobangela osengqiqweni, ingafaka ityala ngenxa yakho okanye ikhuphe “imvume yokukudlulisela ileta, ikuvumela ukuba ubhale ityala ngasese. Kufuneka ugcine iirekhodi ezicokisekileyo zazo zonke iziganeko, uthungelwano, nabuphi na ubungqina bocalulo.

Ikhonkco: [[FLT: 0] Iwebhu ye-EC esemthethweni kunye Indlela yokuFakela ityala.

Amalungelo Akho Kwisithuba Sikawonke-wonke

Ukhuseleko lwamalungelo abemi ludlulela ngaphaya kwe-ofisi. Izithuba zikawonke-wonke . .indawo ezifana neevenkile, iihotele, iiholo, izithuthi zikawonke-wonke, iipaki, kunye nezakhiwo zikarhulumente. "iindawo zokukhusela ezikhoyo" kufuneka zivuleke kwaye zifikeleleke kubo bonke, ngaphandle kocalucalulo. Ezi zikhuseliso zisekelwe kwi [ Isihloko II (inkonzo zikawonke wonke) kunye [FLT] ne[FLT] RIT II [indawo zokuhlala] (indawo zokuhlala) zoluntu) ze-ROFM, kunye neminye imithetho.

Iindawo Zokuhlala Zasekuhlaleni

Indawo yokuhlala kawonke-wonke lilo naliphi na ishishini okanye isibonelelo esivulekele uluntu. Umthetho woMasipala uyalela la magunya ukuba angacalucalucalulo ngemvelaphi yobuhlanga, imibala, unqulo, imvelaphi yobuzwe, iziphene, okanye (kwiimeko ezininzi) isini.

Amashishini kufuneka enze utshintsho olufanelekileyo kwiinkqubo, iindlela, kunye nenkqubo zokuhlalisa abantu abaneziphene, ngaphandle kokuba ukwenjenjalo bekuya kuguqula uhlobo lwempahla okanye lweenkonzo. Oku kuquka ukuvumela izilwanyana zisebenze, ukunikezela uncedo oluncedisayo olufana notoliko lwentetho yezandla, nokuqinisekisa ufikelelo lomzimba apho kulula ukufumaneka khona.

Izithuthi neeNkonzo zikawonke-wonke

Zonke iintlobo zezithuthi zikawonke-wonke `ibhuzi, oololiwe, umzila ongaphantsi komhlaba, iinqwelo-moya, kunye neenqwelo-moya ezihambayo/izinto zokuncedisana , kufuneka zifikeleleke kubantu abakhubazekileyo nabangenazo iinkonzo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Isebe lezothutho lijonge i-ADA ukuququzelelwa kwenkqubo zokuthutha. Abakhweli abanakunganikwa nkonzo okanye baphathwe kwimpatho eyahlukileyo esekelwe kuhlanga, kwimvelaphi yohlanga, okanye kwezinye iimpawu ezikhuselweyo.

Iinkonzo zikarhulumente kunye norhulumente wasekuhlaleni (njengeenkundla, izikolo zikawonke-wonke, kunye namasebe athengisa i-intwala) zigutyungelwe yiSihloko II se-ADA kunye noMthetho wamaLungelo kaNontlalo-ntle. La maqumrhu kufuneka anikezele ukufikelela okulinganayo kwaye angabi nakucalula kwiinkqubo okanye kwimisebenzi. Umzekelo, isixeko kufuneka siqinisekise ukuba abantu abaneziphene bayakwazi ukungena kwiipaki kunye neenkqubo zokuzonwabisa, kwaye isebe lamapolisa kufuneka linike uncedo lolwimi kubantu abathetha iintetho ezingangeni-Lyjitha.

Ukuthiya Ulwaphulo - mthetho Nokukhathazwa Ewonke - wonke

Xa ucalucalulo lukhula lube lulwaphulo-mthetho oluthiyileyo. Yithiyeni imithetho yolwaphulo-mthetho kumgangatho worhulumente (njenge- Matthew Shepard noJames Byrd Jr. Veta Crimes Prevention Act [) yenza kube lulwaphulo-mthetho ukwenza umonakalo womzimba ngabom. Imithetho yokwenza ingxwelerha, ibala, unqulo, imvelaphi yobuzwe, ubufana, indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesini, ubufana, okanye ukukhubazeka. Uninzi lukwathiyile imithetho yabo enika isohlwayo eyongezelelweyo.

Ukukhathazwa kuluntu ngokubanzi okunganyukiyo kumgangatho wolwaphulo-mthetho lwentiyo kusenokusebenza phantsi kwemithetho yamalungelo abantu. Unelungelo lokukhululeka kwingxwabangxwaba okanye ukusoloko ukhathazwa ngokweziko elikhuselweyo elisemthethweni ngexesha usebenzisa iziko likawonke-wonke. Ukuba ufumana ukukhathazwa okunjalo, ubhala isiganeko, unike ingxelo kumthetho onyanzelisayo, kwaye uqwalasela ukudibana nemali yeJaji yamaLungelo eWonga-fazillar Divility [

Ukukhalaza Ucalucalulo Olusesidlangalaleni

Ukuba ujongene nocalucalulo kwindawo kawonke-wonke okanye kwinkonzo karhulumente, ungafaka isikhalazo nge ISikhundla soMalungisa (DOLT) okanye nombutho ofanelekileyo wezwe. I-ADA ikwavumela ukumangalelwa kwabucala kufuna isiqabu esikhutshwayo kunye nentlawulo yegqwetha. Kumali-mvume engeyo-pala, ungafaka isikhalazo kuRhumo lwamalungelo e-DoJ's Civilibel Division phantsi kweSihloko II okanye u- III yemiqathango ye-RCUT.

Kufuneka kuqala uzame ukusombulula umba ngqo kwishishini okanye kwisebe. Ukuba oko kungaphumeleli, qokelela ubungqina (amaxwebhu, iifoto, amagama amangqina) uze ubhale isikhalazo esineenkcukacha kwi-intanethi okanye ngeposi. IDOJ ingaphengulula kwaye, ukuba ufumaniwe ukwaphula umthetho, zisa ityala ukunyanzelisa amalungelo akho.

Ikhonkco: Isebe leJaji yamaLungelo eSihlalo soMsebenzi woMsebenzi woMsebenzi woMsebenzi weCandelo kunye ADA Ingxinano yeQumrhu [.

Imeko nezokhuseleko

Umthetho wesiCwangciso-nkqubo ubeka umgangatho, hayi isongezo. Iingingqi ezininzi kunye nemimandla iye yamisela imithetho engaphaya kokhuseleko lwamazwe. Umzekelo, amanye amazwe ayalwalela ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwindlela yokuziphatha ngokwesini nangokobufanasini (esele lugqunywe phantsi kocalulo lwezobuzwe, kodwa amanye amazwe adwelisa ngokucacileyo. Amanye akhusela ukucalucalulwa okusekelwe kwingeniso, kwingxelo yemali, okanye kwingxelo yezopolitiko. Urhulumente kunye namaziko alwela amalungelo abantu asekuhlaleni asoloko enemiqathango emifutshane kodwa anika intethelekiso eqinileyo, kuquka iimpahla ezonakaliswa ngokwesini okanye amandla okufuna intethelekiso.

Kububulumko ukuhlola imithetho kwilizwe lakho. Ngokomzekelo, iCalifor Fair Works and Hospital Act igubungela iiklasi ezininzi ezongezelelekileyo kwaye isebenza kubaqeshi abancinane (abaqeshi aba-5 okanye abangaphezulu). Ngokufanayo, uMthetho waMalungelo oluntu waseNew York ubanzi kwaye uyasebenza kubo bonke abaqeshi, kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu babo. Imithetho yasekuhlaleni kwizixeko ezifana neSeattle, iSan Francisco, kunye neZixeko laseNew York inganikela ukhuseleko olungakumbi.

Xa ufaka isityholo nge-EEOC, iqheleke ngokunqamleza nge-fract nesebe lorhulumente okanye lobulali elibonakalisa ubulungisa bemisebenzi (FEPA) ukugcina amalungelo akho phantsi komthetho worhulumente nowasekuhlaleni.

Indlela Yokuwachaza Amalungelo Akho

Nalu uluhlu olusebenzisekayo onokululandela ukuba ukholelwa ukuba amalungelo akho esizwe aphulwe:

  1. [[UMTL: 0] Uxwebhu yonke into. Gcina ulindindindi ochaza imihla, amaxesha, iindawo, abantu ababandakanyekileyo, noko kuthethiwe okanye kwenziwe. Gcina ii-imeyili, imiyalezo yokubhaliweyo, iiposi, nayiphi na maphepha anxulumeneyo.
  2. [[UMTL: 0] Uchaza uphawu olukhuselweyo. umthetho ofuna ukuba ukuphathwa kakubi kudibane nohlanga lwakho, ukukhubazeka, ubufana, njl. ukuba akuqinisekanga, igqwetha linokukunceda uhlalutye imeko.
  3. Ingxelo ngaphakathi. Ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho lusenzeka emsebenzini, landela inkqubo yomqeshi wakho yokukhalaza. Kwizithuba zikawonke-wonke, yazisa umphathi okanye umququzeleli wamalungelo abantu.
  4. Ifayile isityholo okanye isikhalazo. Kumsebenzi, qhagamshelana ne-EEOC okanye i-Oreyiti ye-FEPA yakho. Kwindawo yoluntu, qhagamshelana ne-DOJ, umbutho ofanelekileyo wezwe (njengeSebe lezothutho lezikhalazo zezithuthi), okanye igqwetha lakho kwiofisi yesebe.
  5. [[FLT: 0] Hlola uphando. Amasebe amaninzi anikela ulawulo njengendlela yokucombulula iimpikiswano ngaphandle kokuzidityanisa. Inokukhawulezisa kwaye ingabikho semthethweni.
  6. [[NTL: 0] Igqwetha. Amatyala amalungelo oMhlali anokuba luxakeko. Igqwetha elinamava lingakucebisa ngamandla eenjongo zakho, amaxesha okugqiba ixesha kunye namayeza anokwenzeka. Amagqwetha amaninzi anikela ukhangelo lokuqala ngesisa.

Ukuba awunako ukufikelela kwigqwetha, imibutho yoncedo olusemthethweni namaqela angeyongeniso afana ne ALU okanye Iprojekthi yezemisebenzi yesizwe [ ingakwazi ukunceda. Ngaphezu koko, iEEOC neDOJ azifaki mali kubalawuli beenkonzo zabo.

Ongezelelweyo Oovimba

Apha ngezantsi kukho imibutho eyintloko enikela ukhokelo, unyanzelo, nokunyanzelisa:

  • [[UMTL: 0] IKhomishini yeNkqutyana yokuSebenza (EOC) – eeoc.gov
  • [[Umthetho:0] Isebe leJaji yamaLungelo eSiko loMsebenzi weCandelo – ubulungisa.gov/crt
  • [[UMTL: 0] Inethwekhi yesiZwe – data.org (inikezela uncedo lobugcisa kumalungelo olwenzekileyo)
  • Inkululeko yengingqi yeMelika (ACLU) – aclu.org (ingeniso kwilitha kunye nemfundo kawonke-wonke)
  • [[UMTL:0] Iprojekthi yoMthetho womsebenzi wohlanga (NELIP) – lp.org (ibhekisa kumalungelo abasebenzi)
  • Umbutho wakho wamalungelo abantu welizwe [[FLT: 1] – khangela i “[Isizwe] seChahlulo lwamalungelo abantu” okanye ezifana

Amalungelo akho angoorhulumente — awangoovimba bokukhusela abantu abakwaziyo ukusebenza, ukuthenga, ukuhambahamba nokuhlala ngaphandle koloyiko lokucalucalulwa.