Ukuqonda Amalungelo Akho Owesine Okwenziwa Uphando Ngamapolisa

UHlaziyo lwesine kuMgaqo-siseko waseUnited States lunikela isikhuselo esiqatha ekungeneleni koorhulumente abazimeleyo kwimpahla yakho. Ithi: “Ilungelo labantu lokukhusela abantu kubantu babo, kwizindlu, emaphepheni, nakwiziphumo, nxamnye nokuphanda okungekho ngqiqweni nokuxhuzula, aliyi kuphulwa.” Esi sigwebo sinye sidala inkqubo esemthethweni elawulayo xa amagosa omthetho ekwazi ukukhangela ikhaya lakho, inqwelo-mafutha okanye impahla yakho. Ukuqonda ezi zinto asibobuchule bomthetho; bubuchule obuluncedo obunokukunceda uhambe kunye namapolisa ngoxa ulondoloza amalungelo akho.

Kumthombo wayo, iSichibiyelo sesine sifuna ukuba ukuphengulula nokuxhuzula kube “nengqiqo.” Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuba nengqiqo kuthetha ukuba amapolisa kufuneka afumane isiqinisekiso sokufuna esisekelwe kwisizathu esinokwenzeka esisekelwe kwisizathu sokungena kwindlu yangasese okanye ukuqhuba uphando. Noko ke, umthetho uqaphela ukuba kukho imigaqo emininzi emiselweyo apho ingekho mfuneko. Ukwazi umthetho jikelele kunye nokungalinganiswanga komthetho kukunika amandla okwenza izigqibo okwaziyo xa unxibelelana nomthetho.

Imfuneko Efanelekileyo: Unobangela Ofanelekileyo Nokuzicalucalulo

Isiqinisekiso sokukhangela sixwebhu esisemthethweni esikhutshwe ngumgwebi okanye ijaji engoondilele egunyazisa amapolisa ukukhangela indawo ethile yezinto ezithile. Ukufumana isiqinisekiso, abaphathi-mikhosi kufuneka banikele i-affidavit ebonisa isizathu esinokwenzeka(ukubonakala kakuhle kobungqina bolwaphulo-mthetho luza kufunyanwa kwindawo eza kuphendwa. Isiqinisekiso kufuneka sichaze indawo ukuze iphengululwe kwaye izinto ezizakubanjwa nge- ukuphanda . Oku kuthintela uphando oluqhelekileyo, ukukhangela nokulinganisela imigaqo yamapolisa.

Ukuba amapolisa afika emnyango wakho nesiqinisekiso, unelungelo lokuyifunda nokuqinisekisa ukuba itheza idilesi yakho kwaye ichaza iindawo nezinto ezimisele ukuziphendla. Esi siqinisekiso asiniki amagosa igunya elingasikelwanga mda; bangaphengulula kuphela iindawo apho izinto ezidwelisweyo zinokufihlakala. Umzekelo, imvume egunyazisa ukuphendla umabonwakude obaliweyo ayinakusoloko ivumela abaphathi ukuba bavule ibhokisi encinane yempahla enqatyisiweyo.

Ukuba imvume ayisebenzi, umzekelo, ukuba ayinasizathu esifanelekileyo okanye ibanzi kakhulu, okanye nabuphi ubungqina obubanjiweyo phantsi kwayo bungacinezelwa kamva enkundleni. Ukubuza igqwetha lokhuselo ngokukhawuleza emva kokuphendla isiqinisekiso kuyimfuneko ukugcina olo celomngeni.

Abahlukileyo Kwimfuneko Engummangaliso

INkundla ePhakamileyo iqolo ikhuphe iipayinti eziliqela apho amapolisa enokukhangela ngaphandle kwemvume. Ezi zimvo zisekelwe kwingcamango yokuba iimeko ezithile zenza umthetho ungasebenzi okanye ungabilulekanga. Ukuqonda eyona mfuneko iqhelekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu kuba zisoloko zivela kumava aqhelekileyo amapolisa.

Ukukhangela Okusemthethweni

Ukuba uyavuma ngokukhululekileyo kwaye ngokuzithandela ukuphanda, amapolisa akafuni mvume. Ukuvuma kunganikwa ngamazwi okanye ngezenzo (njengokumahla okanye uvumele ukungena). Noko ke, akufuneki ukuba uvume. Unelungelo lokuthi, “Andivumi ukuphendla.” [[FLT:]] Ukuba wenza njalo, abaphathi-majoni kufuneka bafumane isiqinisekiso okanye baxhomekeke kwenye into enxaxhiweyo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba amapolisa angazama ukukunyanzela ukuba uvume ngokucebisa ukuba bafumane isiqinisekiso ngokokuba nje asivumelekanga. Ukuhlala uqinile kwaye utheththyaze uthe tyeke.

2. Iimeko Ezimanyumnyezi

Xa kukho ungxamiseko olusongela ubomi, ukhuseleko, okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kobungqina, amapolisa angangena aze afune ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso. Imizekelo eqhele ukusetyenziswa iquka ukuva izibongozo zoncedo, ukubona umsi okanye umlilo, okanye ukuba nesizathu esivakalayo sokukholelwa ukuba ubungqina buza kutshatyalaliswa. Urhulumente unomthwalo wokungqina ukuba iimeko ezizizizo zikho ngokwenene. Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba amapolisa angene ngaphandle kongxamiseko olusebenzayo, kucelwe uphando kamva ngoncedo lwegqwetha.

3. Phengulula Ukubanjwa Okusemthethweni

Emva kokuba bebanjiwe ngokusemthethweni, amagosa angaphengulula umntu obotshelelweyo kunye nendawo ekufuphi apho anokufikelela khona (“umgama omde”) ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso. Oku kukhetha kukhoyo ukukhusela ukhuseleko lwamagosa nokukhusela ukutshatyalaliswa kobungqina. Ukuphengululwa kuphelela kwindawo apho umntu anokufikelela khona ukuze afumane isixhobo okanye alahle ubungqina. Ukubamba ikhaya, oku akuvumeli ukuphengululwa ngokupheleleyo kwendlu yonke; kuphela kugquma igumbi apho ukubanjwa kwakhe kufikelelwa khona kwaye kusikwe ndawo apho afikele khona.

4. Imbono Ecacileyo

Ukuba amapolisa akhona ngokusemthethweni kwindawo ethile kwaye abone uphazamiso olungekhoyo okanye ubungqina kwimbonakalo ecacileyo (umz., ingxowa yeziyobisi kwisihlalo sangaphambili senqwelo-mafutha ngexesha lokumisa kwemoto), asenokuyibamba ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso. Igosa kufuneka likwazi ukufikelela ngokusemthethweni kwindawo kwaye kufuneka liyiqaphele ngokukhawuleza into njengobungqina. Oku kucaphula akuvumeli amapolisa ukuba ashukumise izinto ukuze abone oko kufihliweyo; kuphela kugquma oko kubonakalayo kwincam yewotshi esemthethweni.

Ukukhangela

Ngenxa yemeko yenqwelo-mafutha ehambayo, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yenza umahluko owahlukileyo. Ukuba amapolisa anesizathu esilindelekileyo sokukholelwa ukuba isithuthi siqulethe ubungqina bolwaphulo-mthetho, angaphengulula isithuthi siphela ``kuquka iibhokisi ezivaliweyo phakathi kwaso' ngaphandle kwemvume. Oku kwaziwa njenge ehamba ngenqwelo-mafutha ehambayo . Ngexesha lokumisa okuqhelekileyo kwenqwelo-moto, abaphathi-majoni bangayalela umqhubi nabakhweli ukuba baphume emotweni, kodwa basoloko befuna isiqinisekiso okanye imvume yokukhangela ibhulokhwe okanye ikhompathi yabakhweli ngaphandle kokuba benokrokrela ukuba izixhobo zikhona.

Ukumisa neFrisk (Ukumisa uqhutyo)

Phantsi kweTerry v. Ohio (1968), amapolisa asenokubamba umntu kancinane ukuba anokukrokra ngokusengqiqweni kulwaphulo-mthetho. Ukuba anokukrokrela ngokusengqiqweni ukuba umntu uxhobile kwaye uyingozi, asenokubeka isiphekepheke esisikelwe phantsi sempahla engaphandle yezixhobo. Oku akuthethi ukuba ufuna ubungqina obupheleleyo; injongo yawo kukukhuseleka kwamagosa. Ukuba ipatcreadam ityhila into evakalelwa ngathi sisixhobo, amapolisa angayithatha.

Amalungelo Akho Ebudeni Bophendlo Lwamapolisa

Ukwazi amalungelo akho ngexesha lokuphendla kunokukunceda uphephe ukuwayeka ngokungeyomfuneko. La manyathelo alandelayo ayanconyelwa ukuba amapolisa azama ukuphengulula izinto zakho:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Buza ukuba ukhululekile ukuhamba. Ukuba awubanjwanga kwaye udibana nale meko unelungelo lokuhamba usiya. Ukuba umphathi uthi akukhululekilenga ukushiya, uyabanjwa, kwaye intsebenziswano iyanda.
  • [[FLT: 0] ichaza ngokucacileyo ukuba awuvumi. Yithi “Andivumi ukukhangela.” Musa ukuxhathisa ngokwasemzimbeni, kodwa qinisekisa into yakho echaseneyo ngamazwi. Nokuba amapolisa aphengulula noko, ukulwa kwakho kugcina ilungelo lakho lokuvavanya uphendlo kamva.
  • [[FLT: 0] Cela ukubona isiqinisekiso sokuphendla. Ukuba umphathi uthi unesiqinisekiso, cela ukusibona. Khangela ukuba isiqinisekiso sityikitywe ngumgwebi, dwelisa idilesi yakho, kwaye chaza izinto eziza kufunelwa. Musa ukuphazamisana nokukhangela, kodwa phawula nayiphi na impikiswano.
  • Ungabi nakuthetha ngako ngaphandle kokuba uzazise. Unelungelo lokuhlala uthulile phantsi koMphetho-mda wesihlanu. Musa ukuphendula imibuzo ngemisebenzi yakho, izinto zakho, okanye isizathu sokufuna kwakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo yithi, “Ndisebenzisa ilungelo lam lokuhlala ndithulile kwaye ndingathanda ukuthetha negqwetha.”
  • [[UMTL: 0] Unganqanda okanye uxoke. Uthintelo emzimbeni okanye unike ulwazi olungelulo lungakhokelela ekubambeni ukuthintela ubulungisa okanye ukunikeza iingxelo zobuxoki. Isixhobo sakho esingcono kukuqinisekisa amalungelo akho, hayi ukuxhathisa komzimba.
  • Ikhutshelwa ungquzulwano ukuba kuyenzeka. Kumazwe amaninzi, unelungelo lokuqhuba imisebenzi yawo yasemthethweni kwizithuba zikawonke-wonke. Irekhodi yevidiyo ingaba bubungqina obubalulekileyo ukuba kamva uvavanya ubusemthethweni bophendlo. Musa ukuphazamisana nabaphathi xa ushicilela.

Oko Umele Ukwenze Emva Kokufuna

Xa uphando lugqityiwe, enoba amagosa afumana okanye akabufumani ubungqina, yenza amanyathelo okukhusela izilangazelelo zakho ezingokwasemthethweni:

  1. [[FLT: 0] Uxwebhu yonke into. Bhala phantsi umhla, ixesha, nendawo yokukhangela. Qwalasela amagama kunye namanani ebheji amagosa abandakanyekileyo, kwakunye nawo nawaphi na amangqina. Chaza kanye oko kwakhangelwayo (amagumbi, izikhongozeli, iimoto) kwaye ukuba kukho nto, ukuba ithile ebanjiweyo.
  2. [[UMTL:0] Musa ukuxubusha nokuphendla nabani na ngaphandle kwegqwetha lakho. Nayiphi na into oyithetha kubahlobo, intsapho, okanye nakudliwano-ndlebe lwesikhululo samapolisa isenokusetyenziswa ngokuchasene nawe. Buyela yonke imibuzo kwigqwetha lakho.
  3. [[UMTL: 0] Ireyibhile ephathekayo neyombane. Ukuba ubhalile ungquzulwano, gcina ifayile yokuqala. Gcina naziphi na ii-lisithi, amaxwebhu, okanye iifoto ezibonisa imeko yempahla yakho phambi nasemva kokuphendla.
  4. Ngokukhawuleza igqwetha lokhuseleko lolwaphulo-mthetho, ingakumbi ukuba ubungqina bubanjiwe. Igqwetha lingavavanya ukuba uphando lwaphula amalungelo akho eSine Sommisi-mthetho, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, lifake intshukumo yokucinezela ubungqina. Ukucinezelwa kungakhokelela ekugxothweni kwezityholo.
  5. Ukuba akukho zityholo zibekwe, cinga ngokufak' isikhalazo. Ungafaka isikhalazo kwicandelo lesebe lamapolisa okanye kwibhodi yongameli yangaphakathi ukuba ukholelwa ukuba uphendlo lwenziwe ngokungafanelekanga. Igqwetha lingakucebisa kule nkqubo.

Iindlela Zokuhlaziywa Kwesine

Ukuba amapolisa aqhuba uphando olungekho mthethweni olungekho mthethweni, olungekho semthethweni, okanye unyango olusebenzayo, lulawulo olungundoqo lomthetho wobugqwirha [. Phantsi kwalo mthetho, ubungqina obufunyenweyo bokwaphula uHlumiso lwesine bungasetyenziswa kwinkundla yakwaphula umthetho. Lo mqathango wokunqanda ucetyelwe ukukhuthaza amapolisa ukuba alandele iimfuno zomgaqo-siseko. Noko ke, umthetho wokususa umthetho unento engaphandle (njengolukholo olulungileyo” ngaphandle apho amagosa axhomekeke ngokufanelekileyo kwisiqinisekiso kamva sifunyenwe sinesiphene).

Kwezinye iimeko, usenokuzisa ukumangalelwa kwamagosa aseburhulumenteni ngaphantsi kwama-42 e-U.S.C. ngo1943 ngokuchasene namagosa okanye umbutho wokwaphula umthetho ngenxa yokwaphulwa kwamalungelo akho omGaqo-siseko. Oku kungaphumela kwilahleko yemali yokuhlaselwa kwemicimbi yezobuqu, inkxwaleko yeemvakalelo, okanye umonakalo wempahla. Ukuze uphumelele, kufuneka ungqine ukuba amagosa asebenza ngokungenangqiqo kwaye ayengenalungelo lokuzikhusela.

Ukongezelela, ukuba eli phulo libandakanya ukunyanzelwa ngokugqithiseleyo okanye ezinye izinto ezingafanelekanga, kusenokubakho ukutyholwa kwamagosa, nangona oku kunqabile yaye ngokuqhelekileyo kusenziwa ngabatshutshisi okanye amagqwetha karhulumente.

Iingcamango Eziqhelekileyo Ngamalungelo Okuhlaziywa Kwesine

Ingxelo engachananga ngokuphanda namalungelo okuxhuzula ixhaphakile. Nazi iingcamango ezimbalwa ezishicilelweyo:

  • [[FLT: 0] Imbaza: Amapolisa kufuneka asoloko ebonisa i-ID phambi kokuphendla. FCT: Amagosa akafuneki ukuzichaza ukuba anesiqinisekiso okanye asebenza phantsi komahluko, nangona ngokuqhelekileyo enza. Ungacela, kodwa abanyanzelekanga ngokusemthethweni ukuthobela kwimimandla yonke.
  • [[FLT: 0] Myth: Ukuba akukho nto ungayifihlayo, kufuneka uvume ekufuneni. Fact: Ivumela amalungelo akho eSigqibo sesine soMmiselo. Nokuba ngaba umsulwa, ukukhangela kungenza ukungaqondani okanye ukufunyanwa kwezinto ezingangqamaniyo ezinokusetyenziswa ngokuchasene nawe (umz., ibhotile, ibhotile yomthetho ebhatyiweyo). Ukusebenzisa ilungelo lakho ukula akuvumi ukuba umva ityala.
  • [[FLT: 0] Myth: Amapolisa afuna isiqinisekiso sokuphendla imoto yakho kwi-screen setranslation. Fact: Njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla, ukunxaxha kwemoto kuvumela uphengululo olungenagunyaziso ukuba abaphathi banesizathu esilindelekileyo. Kwakhona, ukuba umqhubi okanye umkhweli uyavuma, akukho sizathu esifunekayo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Isiqinisekiso sivumela amapolisa ukuba aphengulule naphi na, naphi na ekhayeni lakho. Isiqinisekiso silinganiselwe kwiindawo ezichazwe kwaye izinto ezifunwayo. Umzekelo, isiqinisekiso se elektroniki ezibiweyo asiyi kuvumela amapolisa ukuvula oonobumba bobuqu okanye ifridge.

Amacebiso Asebenzisekayo Okukhusela Amalungelo Akho

  • Gcina iingcango neefestile zakho zitshixiwe. Amapolisa akanakungena ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso okanye imvume. Musa ukuvula ucango ngaphandle kokuba uzimisele ukuvuma okanye ukuba anesiqinisekiso.
  • Ukuba amapolisa ankqonkqoza, ungathetha ngomnyango okanye ngefestile evaliweyo. Buza “Yini injongo yotyelelo lwakho?” Ukuba bathi banesiqinisekiso, cela ukuyibona ngefestile okanye phantsi komnyango ngaphambi kokuba uvulwe.
  • Ukuba uvalelwe okanye ubanjwa, cela ilungelo lakho lokuba uhlale uthule uze ucele igqwetha ngoko nangoko.
  • Ndifuna igqwetha.” Liphinde ngokuzolileyo ukuba kuyimfuneko.
  • Yazi ukuba ukuwahlutha amalungelo akho akubonisi ubuthathaka, kodwa kungukhetho olusemthethweni olunemiphumo. Hlala ucinga ngegqwetha ngaphambi kokuba uvume nakuphi na ukuphengulula, ingakumbi ukuba akuqinisekanga ukuba uchanabeke ngokusemthethweni.

Imithombo yangaphandle

Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezingakumbi, bhekisela kule mithombo ilandelayo:

  • Ukuhlaziywa koMgaqo-siseko we-U.S. (Icala loMgaqo-siseko)
  • [[UMTL:0] IsiHlalisi-somhlaba se-Four - Cornell Legin Information Institute[FLT: 1]
  • [[UMTL:0] Wazi Amalungelo Akho: IiNtlanganiso noMthetho onyanzeliswayo – ACLU
  • [[UMGAQO-MGASELELO] Wesi-41: Ukumisa nokukhangela – iSebe leJava leSigqibo

Isiphelo

UHlaliso lwesine lusikhuselo olunamandla lokuzimela nokuzimela. Nangona umgaqo osemthethweni unokuba ntsonkothile, imigaqo esisiseko icacile: amapolisa kufuneka asoloko enesiqinisekiso esisekelwe kwisizathu esilindelekileyo sokuphendla ikhaya lakho, kwaye unelungelo lokungavumi ukuvuma, ukuthula, nokubuza kwigqwetha. Ngokuqonda amalungelo akho nendlela yokuwaqinisa ngokuzolileyo nangentlonelo, unganceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukugcinwa komthetho kuhlala kusemgaqweni. Ukuba uphengululo lukho ngokusemthethweni okanye akunjalo, kwaye unelungelo lokungayamkeli-mthetho kwaye ufuna icebiso elifanelekileyo. Ummi onolwazi uyakwazi ukukhusela ukuphazamisa urhulumente ongekho ngqinelanayo.