Ukujamelana namava angokwasemthethweni kusenokuba ngamava anzima, kodwa ukuqonda amalungelo akukhuselayo linyathelo lokuqala lokuqinisekisa okusesikweni. Inkqubo elindelekileyo asilogama nje elisemthethweni elisisitya esiphambili senkqubo yokusesikweni, enzelwe ukuthintela izenzo zolawulo ezingekho ngqiqweni nokukhusela inkululeko yabantu. Nokuba ngaba ubandakanyekile kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho, ukumangalelwa kwamakhaya, okanye ukuva okulawulayo, ukwazi amalungelo akho phantsi kwenkqubo efanelekileyo kungenza umahluko obalulekileyo. Le nkqubo iphambili ichaza oko kuthethwa yinkqubo efanelekileyo, indlela ekhethekileyo ozityhilayo, indlela echaphazeke ngayo, nendlela esebenzisekayo yokuzikhusela. Ngesiphelo, uya kuba nento ecacileyo yokuqhuba nayiphi nayiphi na indlela esemthethweni eqhubekayo ngokuzithemba nangokuqonda.

Yiyiphi Inkqubo Efanelekileyo?

Inkqubo elindelekileyo yeyomGaqo-siseko sisiqinisekiso esisekelwe kuMgaqo-siseko wesihlanu noweshumi elinesine weSihlaziyo soMgaqo-siseko waseUnited States. Iqinisekisa ukuba akukho mntu unokuhluthwa ubomi, inkululeko, okanye impahla ngaphandle kwemigaqo esesikweni nesemthethweni. Ingcamango ibuyela kwiMagna Carta yewaka eli-1215, eyathembisa ukuba akukho mntu okhululekileyo oya kusohlwaywa ngaphandle komgwebo osemthethweni woontanga bakhe okanye umthetho welizwe. Kwiminyaka engamakhulu, lo mgaqo wavela kwinkqubo yanamhlanje esixhomekeke kuyo namhlanje.

Zimbini iintlobo ezingundoqo zenkqubo: iprocedual kunye nento encinci.

  • Iprojekthi efuna ukuthethwa ibhekisa kwi yemicimbi esemthethweni amanyathelo akhethekileyo urhulumente amele awalandele phambi kokuba enze isenzo esichasene nomntu. Ifuna isaziso, ithuba lokuviwa, kunye nomenzi wesigqibo sobundilele.
  • [[NKQUBO:0] Inkqubo efunekayo ekhusela amalungelo athile asisiseko ekungeneleleni kukarhulumente, kwanokuba kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo. Umzekelo, iNkundla ePhakamileyo iwamkele amalungelo e-odwa, umtshato, kunye nolawulo lomzimba njengenxalenye yenkqubo ephantsi efunekayo.

Ngamanye la masebe mabini akha ikhaka elinamandla ekuthinteleni okungekho sikweni, eqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo engokwasemthethweni isebenza ngokusesikweni yaye ihlonela isidima sabantu.

Amalungu Angundoqo Enkqubo Elindelekileyo

Inkqubo elindelekileyo asingomthetho omnye kodwa yingqokelela yeemfuno ezibalulekileyo. Ukuqonda ezi zinto zingundoqo kuyakunceda uqonde xa amalungelo akho ehlonelwa./okanye aphulwa.

Qaphela

Unelungelo lokuxelelwa ngezityholo, izityholo, okanye izenzo ezithathwa ngawe. Qaphela kufuneka ucace, ungqale, kwaye unikezelwe ngendlela efike ngexesha. Kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho, oku kuthetha ukuxelelwa ityala elithe ngqo otyholwa ngalo. Kwisuti yengingqi, kuthetha ukufumana izicelo nokukhalaza okuchaza icala ngokuchasene nawe. Ngaphandle kwesaziso esifanelekileyo, awunakulungiselela ukuzikhusela, kwaye nayiphi na elandelayo eqhubekayo inokuba ngekho ngqiqweni.

Ithuba Lokuviwa

Ukwazi nje ngetyala akwanele; kufuneka ube nethuba elinentsingiselo lokunikela icala lakho. Oku kuquka ilungelo lokungqina, ukubiza amangqina, ukwazisa ubungqina, kunye namangqina aphikisanayo anqamlezayo. Ithuba lokuva kufuneka livele phambi kwesigqibo sokugqibela. Lilibazisekile okanye ukukhanyela eli thuba kungangqubana nenkqubo efanelekileyo.

Ityala Elingakhethiyo

Ijaji, abachopheli-tyala, okanye igosa lolawulo ligqiba ngetyala lakho kufuneka libe nobundilele kwaye lingacalucalucalulo. Umenzi wesigqibo onomdla wobuqu kwiziphumo, oye wagweba ityala, okanye obonakala ejongela phantsi okusesikweni kwabaqhubi. Unelungelo lokucela ijaji eyahlukileyo okanye ukucel ’ umngeni umgwebi obonisa ikhethe.

Ukufanelekela Icebiso

Xa kukho amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho, iSindululo seSithandathu soMphetho-mvaba siqinisekisa ilungelo lokunikwa igqwetha, ukuba inkundla ayikwazi ukulithenga, kufuneka imisele umkhuseli kawonke-wonke. Kwityala likarhulumente, ilungelo lokucebisa aligqibekanga, kodwa usenokuqesha igqwetha ukuba likumele. Ukuba uqeqeshwe kakuhle kunceda uqinisekise ukuba amalungelo akho akhuselwe yaye uyabuqonda ubunkimbi bomthetho.

Amalungelo Akho Ebudeni Bokuqhubekeka Kwasemthethweni

Ngaphandle kondoqo wenkqubo, amalungelo aliqela akhethekileyo akukhusela kwimiba eyahlukeneyo yezomthetho. Ukwazi la malungelo kukunika amandla okusebenza ngokunempumelelo.

Umele Uhlale Uthe Tyaba

IsiHlomelo sesihlanu sikukhusela ekunyanzelweni ukuba unikele ubungqina ngokuchasene nawe. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uphendule imibuzo ebhekiswa kumthetho okanye kubatshutshisi, yaye ukuba uthe cwaka akunakusetyenziswa njengobungqina bokuba unetyala. Ukuba ubanjiwe, ufanele uvakalise ngokucacileyo ukuba uqhelisele ilungelo lakho lokuhlala uthule uze ucele igqwetha phambi kokuba uncinwe.

Ukuya Kwityala Elikhawulezileyo Nelasekuhlaleni

ISihlaziyi seSithandathu siqinisekisa ukuba ityala liza kuqukunjelwa ngaphandle kokulibazisa okungeyomfuneko. Oku kuthintela urhulumente ukuba angakuvaleli entolongweni ixesha elide yaye kuqinisekisa ukuba amangqina ahlala ekhumbuleka. Ityala likwamele libe lihle ebantwini, nto leyo enceda ukuba kuhlale kucacile yaye kumele kubekwe ityala kwinkqubo yokusesikweni.

Ilungelo Lokujamelana NamaNgqina

Unelungelo lokujongana namangqina ngokuchasene nawe nokunqumla i-examine. Oku kuvumela igqwetha lakho ukuba licel ’ umngeni ukuthembeka nokuchana kobungqina obunikiweyo. Kwezinye iimeko, ubungqina bokuva bungasuswa kuba ungenako ukudibana nomntu okhuthuzayo.

Ukufumana AmaNgqina

Njengokuba abamangalelwa benokubiza amangqina, unelungelo lokunikela ubungqina ngawe. inkundla inokunyanzela ukuba baye, yaye ukungavumi ukuhambisana nawo kunokuphumela ekugxekweni.

Icala ukuya Kwinkqubela Elindelekileyo Kwityala Langaphakathi

Inkqubo elindelekileyo iyasebenza nakwimicimbi yamakhaya, enjengokumangalelwa, ukugxothwa, okanye ukupheliswa kwamalungelo abazali. Ngokuqhelekileyo unelungelo lokuqaphela, ukuva, kunye noMenzi-zigqibo ongakhethiyo. Kwezinye iimeko zolawulo, njengeendlebe zeNtlalo-ntle, inkqubo efunekayo iqinisekisa ukuba unganikela ubungqina uze ufumane isigqibo esicatshuliweyo.

Ukufanele Ubhenele

Ukuba uphulukana netyala, unelungelo lokubhenela kwinkundla ephakamileyo. Izibheno asilotyala lesibini; ziphinda-phinda iimpazamo zomthetho ezenziwe ngexesha lokuqhubekeka kokuqala. Kufuneka ubhale isibheno ngexesha elingqongqo, iintsuku ezingama-30, kwaye unikele iimpikiswano malunga nesizathu sokuba isigqibo senkundla yokuchotshelwa kwetyala sipheliswe.

Ukuqonda Inkqubo Esemthethweni

Inkqubo engokwasemthethweni iyahluka-hluka kuxhomekeka ekubeni ityala lakho lisisaphuli-mthetho okanye likwindawo esemthethweni, kodwa amanyathelo amaninzi ayafana. Ukwazi oko umele ukulindele kunokulinciphisa ixhala uze uncede usebenze ngokunempumelelo negqwetha lakho.

Ukubanjwa Nokubhaliswa Kwencwadi

Ukuba ubanjiwe, ukunyanzelisa umthetho kufuneka uzise ngezityholo namalungelo akho eMiranda (kuquka ilungelo lokuhlala uthulile nokucebisa). Uza kubhalwa/ukubhalwa kweminwe, ubekwe kwisisele esibambekileyo. Kweli xesha, musa ukucela igqwetha ngoko nangoko.

Imbonakalo yokuqala kunye nebhatyile

Kwixesha elifutshane (ngokuqhelekileyo iiyure ezingama-48), uza kuziswa phambi komgwebi ukuze kuvele imbonakalo yokuqala. Ijaji iza kukuxelela ngezityholo, ikucebise ngamalungelo akho, icwangcise ibheyile okanye ikhulula iimeko. I-Bail asisosohlwayo; kujoliswe ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ubuyela kwimphulaphuli zexesha elizayo. Unelungelo lokucela umbalo-mali ogqithisileyo phantsi koMphetho-mdaniso wesiXhobelo.

Ukuva kwangaphambili okanye umva omkhulu

Ngezityholo ezibi, urhulumente kufuneka abonise ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho lwenzekile kwaye wenze yona. Oku kunokwenzeka ngokuva kokuqala phambi kwejaji okanye ngetyala elikhulu labachopheli-tyala. Unelungelo lokubakho nokunqumla amangqina kwi-examine kwindlebe yokuqala.

Ulungelelaniso

Xa umangalelwa, uya kucelwa ukuba ungene esibongozweni: unetyala, ungenatyala, okanye ungenatyala (unoli hupere). Uze ungathetheli utyala ungakhange uthethe negqwetha kuqala. Ukuba uthe akwalatha, inkundla iya kucwangcisa ukuchotshelwa kwetyala ize iqwalasele iimeko zangaphambi kokuba kukhutshwe uvavanyo.

Ukufunyaniswa Neentshukumo Zangaphambili

Ukufunyaniswa kwengxelo yinkqubo apho amacala omabini anikela ubungqina. Ityala kufuneka lijike nabuphi na ubungqina (ubungqina obunokungqina ukuba awunatyala) phantsi komthetho kaBrady. Igqwetha lakho liyakwazi ukubhala iifayile ukuze licime ubungqina obufunyenwe ngokungekho mthethweni, ligatye izityholo, okanye libeke umda oko kuviwa ngabachopheli-tyala.

Ukuvavanywa

Ukuba akukho sivumelwano sifikelelwayo, ityala liyaqhubeka liqukunjelwa. Unelungelo lokuchotshelwa kwetyala labachopheli-tyala (ngaphandle kokuba ulichasile) kwaye ukho kulo lonke ixesha. Ityala kufuneka lingqine inxalenye nganye yolwaphulo-mthetho ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo afanelekileyo kwiimeko zolwaphulo-mthetho; kwiimeko zasekuhlaleni, umgangatho udla ngokuqwalaselwa kwangaphambili kobungqina. Zombini ezi macala anikela iintetho zokuvula, ubungqina, kunye neempikiswano zokuqukumbela, zilandelwa yimiyalelo yejaji egwebeni kunye nenkcaso.

Isigwebo neSivakalisi

Ukuba ufunyaniswe ungenatyala, inkundla iya kucwangcisa ukuchotshelwa kwetyala. Isigwebo singaquka ukuvalelwa, ukuvavanywa, ukuvavanywa, inkonzo yoluntu, okanye ezinye izigwebo. Unelungelo lokuthetha xa ugwetywa (ukubulawa) nokunikela ubungqina bokurhoxisa.

Izibheno

Emva kokugwetywa, ungabhenela. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokubhenela ziquka iimpazamo ezingokwasemthethweni, uncedo olungancediyo lwesiluleko, ukuziphatha okubi kwabatshutshisi, okanye ubungqina obunganele. Inkundla yezatifiketi iza kuhlola ingxelo ize igqibe enoba iza kuvuma, ibuye umva, okanye iphinde ilungise ityala ngetyala elitsha.

Amagama Aqhelekileyo Asemthethweni Omele Wazi

Ukulawula inkqubo yomthetho kufuna ukuqhelana namagama angundoqo. Ngezantsi ngamagama abalulekileyo adla ngokuvela kwiingxoxo ezingokwasemthethweni.

  • [[UMTL:0] I-Defantint – Umntu otyholwe ngolwaphulo-mthetho okanye omangalelwe kwityala lasekuhlaleni.
  • [[UMTL:0] Umthetho ocacileyo – Iqela elizisa ukumangalelwa kwemiba.
  • Umnqumli – igqwetha likarhulumente elizisa izityholo zolwaphulo-mthetho.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Igqwetha elisemngciphekweni – igqwetha elimela ummangalelwa.
  • [[UMTL:0] Icebo – nayiphina into enikelwe ukungqina okanye ukuphikisa inyani, kuquka amaxwebhu, izinto, kunye nobungqina.
  • Uvavanyo – Iingxelo zeSalbhu eziyenziwe ngamangqina enkundleni.
  • Inguqu yobungqina – Imbopheleleko yokungqina ityala. Kwimeko zolwaphulo-mthetho, oku “kungaphaya kobuthandabuza obusengqiqweni”; kwiimeko zasekuhlaleni,“ bububungqina obuninzi."
  • indlebe yoko - Ingxelo engaphandle kwenkundla enikelwe ukungqina inyaniso yento eqinisekisiweyo. Isoloko ingasetyenziswa ngaphandle kokuba isebenza.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Subpoena – Umyalelo wenkundla ofuna umntu avele okanye avelise amaxwebhu.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Imfihlelo – Utshintshiselwano lwangaphambili lobungqina kunye nolwazi phakathi kwamaqela.
  • [[UMTL: 0] I-Mistrim – Ityala elincitshisiweyo ngenxa yempazamo engokwesithethe, ukuziphatha okubi kwabachopheli-tyala, okanye omnye umcimbi onzulu.
  • Appal – Isicelo kwinkundla ephakamileyo ukuphinda uhlole isigqibo senkundla esezantsi.

Indlela Yokukhusela Amalungelo Akho

Ukwazi amalungelo akho kubalulekile, kodwa ukuthabatha amanyathelo okuwakhusela kungumahluko.

IAttorney Enamava

Ungalibazi ukufuna icebiso elingokwasemthethweni. Igqwetha lingakucebisa ngamalungelo akho, likumela enkundleni, lize lithethe nawe enkcaso. Kwanokuba ungakwazi ukuthenga igqwetha labucala, unelungelo lokuya kumntu okhusela uwonke kumatyala olwaphulo-mthetho. Kwityala lasekuhlaleni, qwalasela ukuqhagamshelana nemibutho yoncedo olusemthethweni okanye imibutho yezomthetho ethumela uncedo.

Phendla InjiniName

Gcina ingxelo eneenkcukacha yazo zonke uthungelwano, imihla yenkundla, amaxwebhu, kunye nobungqina obunxulumene netyala lakho. Bhala phantsi amagama egosa ngalinye, igqwetha, okanye igosa othetha nalo. Gcina ii-imeyili, oonobumba, kunye nerisithi. Olu xwebhu lunokuba lukhulu ukuba ufuna ukuvavanya ulwaphuko lweprocedtura okanye ufakela ucingo.

Hlala Unolwazi Uze Ubuze Imibuzo

Musa ukuthembela kuphela kwabanye ukuze bakuxelele. Funda ngetyala lakho, qonda injongo yenkundla nganye, uze ucele igqwetha lakho lichaze nawaphi na amabinzana asemthethweni okanye amanyathelo ongawaqondiyo. Iindlu ezininzi zenkundla zinikela amaziko okunceda okanye izinto zolwazi.

Lumka Ngeentetho

Ungaze uxubushe ngetyala lakho nomthetho, nabatshutshisi okanye nabani na ngaphandle kwegqwetha lakho.

Sebenzisa Amalungelo Akho Ngokuzimisela

Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba amalungelo akho aphulwa, thethani kakuhle. Izityholo kufuneka ziphakanyiswe enkundleni, kwaye ungafaka iintshukumo zefayile ukucinezela ubungqina okanye ukucela ijaji eyahlukileyo. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ungafaka ityala lamalungelo abantu ngenxa yokwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu ngokwenkqubo efunekayo phantsi kwama-42 e-U.S.C. ngo1934.

Kulungele Ukubonakala Kwenkundla Nganye

Zisa nawaphi na amaxwebhu afunekayo uze ukulungele ukulandela ukhokelo lwegqwetha lakho. Ihambo yakho isenokuphembelela indlela umgwebi acinga ngayo yaye inokuba nemiphumo.

Xa Inkqubela Efanelekileyo Isenokuphulwa

Ukuphulwa kwenkqubo okufanelekileyo kunokwenzeka nakweliphi na icandelo lokuwiswa kwetyala. Ukukuqonda kulinyathelo lokuqala lokufuna unyango.

  • [[UMTL: 0] Iphepha lesaziso esaneleyo – umzekelo, ukuba awuxelelwanga ngokuva okanye ukuba izityholo azicacanga.
  • Isakhiwo secebo – Ukunyanzeleka ukuba uqhubeke ngaphandle kwegqwetha xa unelungelo lomgaqo-siseko.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Umenzi wesigqibo ocetyiweyo – Ukuba ijaji okanye abachobi betyala banempikiswano yomdla okanye babonise ukugwetyelwa kwangaphambili.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ulibaziseko olungaqiqekiyo - ukubamba ityala iminyaka emva kokuba izityholo zigcinwe ngaphandle kwesizathu esihle.
  • [ Ukucinezelwa kobungqina bokukhuthuza – Ingxengxezo ayibutyhili ubungqina obunokungqina ubumsulwa bakho.
  • Izivumo ezivunyiweyo – Usebenzisa izisongelo okanye izithembiso zokufumana ingxelo.

Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba amalungelo akho enkqubo afanelekileyo aphulwe, uneendlela zokukhetha. Ungaphakamisa umba enkundleni ngentshukumo, udlulisele isigqibo sokugqibela, okanye kwezinye iimeko, faka ityala elahlukileyo lomonakalo. Ukubuza igqwetha kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvavanya imeko yakho nokugqiba eyona ndlela ingcono yokwenza izinto.

Isiphelo

Imo elindelekileyo asiyonkqubo ecacileyo engokwasemthethweni, kodwa yinkqubo yokhuseleko elungiselelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba kulungile, ukubonakala mhlophe, nokuhlonela amalungelo abantu. Ukuba ujongene nezityholo zolwaphulo-mthetho, ukumangalelwa kwetyala, okanye ukuchotshelwa kwezolawulo, ukuwaqonda la malungelo, kukunika amandla okuthabatha inxaxheba ngokunentsingiselo kwinkqubo esemthethweni nokugcina inkqubo izakuphendula. Ukhuseleko olungcono lolo lulungiselelwe: uqesha isiluleko esisemthethweni, uhlale usazi, ubhale yonke into, ungaze ujongele phantsi ukubaluleka kokuthetha xa amalungelo akho esengozini. [FT], uqhubeke ufunda izinto ezifana [[FL: 0]] [FLT] kunye nemigaqo yezolwazi yezomthetho. [FT]