Indawo yomsebenzi yimeko enzima apho abasebenzi kufuneka bawaphaphele amalungelo abo omgaqo-siseko kunye nawomthetho. Ukuqonda la malungelo kunika amandla abasebenzi ukuba bazixhase, baqaphele ukwaphulwa, kwaye baqinisekise ukuphathwa kakuhle. Ngoxa ukhuseleko lomgaqo-siseko lusebenza ngokuyintloko kwisenzo sikarhulumente, imithetho emininzi yengingqi nesorhulumente inika abasebenzi abasebenza ngamalungu azimeleyo imigaqo-siseko efuna ukuhlolwa ngokunzulu amalungelo omgaqo-siseko asebenza emsebenzini, kunye nokhuseleko olungakumbi lomthetho-mthetho omthetho osetyenziswa ngumsebenzi ngamnye.

Ingqwalasela yamalungelo omGaqo-siseko eMsebenzini

UmGaqo-siseko wase-U.S. ukhusela abantu ngabanye ekuphathweni ngurhulumente, kodwa ukusebenza kwawo kwiindawo zecawa zobuqu kulinganiselwe kakhulu. UMthetho wokuqala, wesine, wesihlanu, kunye noweshumi elinesine wokuLandliswa koMgaqo-siseko unceda abaqeshi borhulumente ukuba baqonde ngokuthe ngqo (ityala, urhulumente, kunye nomthetho-rhulumente kunye neendawo abasebenzi abafumana amalungelo abo). Eli nqaku ligubungela isiseko somthetho kunye nemigaqo ekhuselwayo elungiselelwe ngabasebenzi banamhlanje, iSihlomelo seSigxilo seNational Laborvotion Act, kunye neMimiselo-siseko.

Amalungelo angundoqo omGaqo-siseko eMsebenzini

Abaqeshwa kufuneka baqhelane nokulungisa okune okusisiseko okubumba amalungelo omsebenzi. Ngamnye unomahluko oxhomekeke ekubeni umqeshi usisiko likarhulumente okanye inkampani yangasese, kwaye ngamnye wongezelelwa ngemithetho nemithetho yenkundla.

  • IsiHlalisi soMgqibo sokuqala: sikhusela ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo, intetho, kunye nonxulumano. Abasebenzi boluntu banokhuseleko oluphangaleleyo; abaqeshwa bobuqu baxhomekeke ngokuyintloko kumthetho wesizwe nakwimigaqo-siseko yenkampani.
  • IsiHlalisi-Mpanzi soMgaqo-nkqubo weThutyana: Ugada ekuphandeni okungekho ngqiqweni nokuxhuzula. Applie ithe ngqo kubaqeshi bakarhulumente; abaqeshwa babucala banamalungelo obuqu phantsi komthetho wesizwe kunye nemigaqo yetort.
  • [[NTL:0] FINT [Umphetho-mendu we-] ukhusela ekuzichasa. Amaqela kwimicimbi yolwaphulo-mthetho; abaqeshwa bakawonke-wonke bongeze ukhuseleko phantsi . New Jersey.
  • [[UMTL:0] UHlaziyo lweNtlalo-ntle: luqinisekisa ukhuseleko olulinganayo nenkqubo efunekayo. Abasebenzi bakawonke-wonke banokhuseleko oluqhelekileyo; abaqeshwa bazimeleyo bakhuselwa yimithetho echasene nocalucalulo.

Ukulungiswa Kokuqala: Intetho Ekhululekileyo Nentetho Engenazintloni

UHlaliso Lokuqala lukwalela urhulumente kwinkululeko yokuthetha ebambekayo. Kwabaqeshwa boluntu, iNkundla ePhakamileyo [ku- ikhupha isaziso sokuba intetho kwimicimbi yenkxalabo kawonke-wonke iyakhuseleka ukuba ayiphazamisani nomsebenzi okanye iphazamisa amandla omqeshwa womsebenzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba umfundisi- ntsapho wasekuhlaleni akanakugxothwa ngenxa yokuthetha ngenkxaso yemfundo, kodwa umqeshwa ongo wabucala akathethi ukuba ukhutshelwa ukuba uthe wagxothwa ngentetho efanayo.

Noko ke, abasebenzi abangabodwa abakhuselekanga. INational Labor Relations Act ikhusela “umsebenzi odibeneyo” — abaqeshwa abasebenza kunye ukuphucula iimeko zokusebenza — ezisoloko ziquka ukuthetha ngemivuzo, ukhuseleko, kunye nendlela yokuphatha. Ngaphezu koko, amaphondo amaninzi anemisebenzi engaqhelekanga ebangela ukuba impindezelo yokuxela umsebenzi ongekho mthethweni (ukubetha). Abaqeshwa kufuneka babe nemigaqo ecacileyo ebonakalisa intlonelo kumqeshwa ngoxa begcina ucwangco.

Uhlaziyo Lwesine: Ukungabikho Kwam nokwenza Uphando

UHlomelo lwesine lukhusela ekuphandeni okungekho ngqiqweni nasekuxhuzuleni. Abaqeshwa boluntu balindele ukuba abantu bafumane imfihlo e-ofisini, kwiidesika, nakwimpahla zabo, nangona eli themba lincitshisiwe kwiindawo ezabelweneyo okanye ezifikelelekayo ekuhleni. o’Connor v. Ortega, iNkundla ePhakamileyo ikholelwa ukuba abaqeshi bakarhulumente bangaqhuba uphengululo olunxulumene nemithetho ukuba banolwamkelo olufanelekileyo kwisikhundla nakwinjongo.

Abasebenzi abawasebenzisayo amahlelo abodwa, uMphengululo wesine awusebenzi ngqo, kodwa amalungelo abobuqu akhuselwa ngomthetho karhulumente, ngemithetho yezombane, nangemigaqo yenkampani. Abaqeshi kufuneka balinganisele iimfuno zoshishino ezisemthethweni — njengokuthintela ubusela okanye imveliso esengqiqweni — kunye nokulindela kwabasebenzi ukuba babe bodwa. Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ziquka ukunikela isaziso esibhaliweyo ngemigaqo yokuhlola, ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa kwemimandla enxulumene nomsebenzi, nokuphepha ukusetyenziswa kwemiqathango yokuhlola igumbi lokuhlambela.

Uhlaziyo lwesihlanu: Ukuzixolisa

IsiHlaliso sesihlanu sikhusela abantu ekunyanzelweni ukuba banikele ubungqina ngokuchasene nabo kwiimeko zolwaphulo-mthetho. Emsebenzini, oku kuyenzeka xa abaqeshwa becelwa ukuba banikele iingxelo ezinokusetyenziswa kubo kamva. Abaqeshwa bakawonke wonke, Imfundiso isithi ukuba umqeshi unyanzelela umqeshi ukuba aphendule phantsi kwesongelo soqeqesho, loo mazwi akanakusetyenziswa kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho elilandelayo. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba “Amalungelo olwaphulo-mthetho.

Abaqeshwa ababucala abanayo [[FLT: 0] ukhuseleko oluyiyo , kodwa basanelungelo lokuhlala bethulile nokubuza igqwetha ngaphambi kokunikela ingxelo. Abaqeshi abanako ukunyanzela okanye ukuvalela umqeshwa, kodwa basenokuwuphelisa umsebenzi ngenxa yokungavumi ukusebenzisana nophando olusemthethweni — ngaphandle kokuba isivumelwano sombutho okanye umthetho karhulumente unika ngenye indlela. Abaqeshwa kufuneka baqaphele ukuba nantoni na abayithethayo kudliwano-ndlebe isenokusetyenziswa njengobungqina, kwaye kufuneka babuze enoba udliwano-ndlebe lusisifungo okanye lusisigxina.

Uhlaziyo Lweshumi Elinane: Ukhuseleko olulinganayo nenkqubo elindelekileyo

ISinyuso seshumi elinesine siqinisekisa ukuba akukho rhulumente “oya kugatyelwa nabani na okwigunya lakhe ukukhuselwa okufanayo kwemithetho.” Oku kuthetha ukuba abaqeshi bakawonke-wonke abanako ukucalula ngokusekelwe kuhlanga, ubufana, unqulo, okanye ezinye iimpawu ezikhuselweyo ngaphandle kokuba banomdla onyanzelekileyo. Kwakhona inika inkqubo efunekayo — isaziso kunye nokuchotshelwa — phambi komqeshwa kawonke wonke onemfuno yempahla emsebenzini wabo (umz., abafundisi-bafundisi-mashishini okanye abasebenzi bamakhaya) banokugxothwa.

Abaqeshi ababotshelelwanga ngqo nguMthetho weSigqibo seshumi elinesine, kodwa baphantsi kwe-web site yemithetho elwa nolwaphulo-mthetho: isiHloko VII soMthetho wamaLungelo e-Pologn Rights, ulwahlulo lweXesha Lomsebenzi, amaMelika anoMthetho weNguqulo, kunye nemisebenzi esesikweni yesizwe. Le mithetho iyalwalela ucalucalulo ekuqeshweni, ekukhutshweni, ekukhulisweni, ekukhulisweni, ekuhlawuleni, kwintlawulo, nakwimiqathango yemisebenzi. Abaqeshwa abakholelwa ukuba bangabalwa ngokuchasene nomthetho we-Active Octive Octivection Com Comment Comment (EOC) kunye nelottee enokuba nelo yemali ekhutshelwe kwilahleko.

Ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo lomanyano noloRhulumente

Ngaphandle kwemithetho yokulungisa umGaqo-siseko, abasebenzi banandipha ukhuseleko oluqinileyo phantsi kwemimiselo karhulumente nekarhulumente. Le mithetho izalisa izithuba ezishiywe ngumGaqo-siseko kwaye inika unyango olukhethekileyo kwimiba efanayo yemisebenzi.

  • [[UMTL:0] Asekunene ukucwangcisa nokubandakanyeka kumsebenzi odityanisiweyo: Ikhuselwe ngumthetho weNational Labor Relations Act (NLRA).
  • [[Umthetho:0] Ekunene ukuya kwiFair Wages: Ikhuselwe nguMthetho weMigangatho yeNkonzo yeNkonzo yeFoour System (FLSA) nemithetho yemivuzo karhulumente.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ekunene ukuya kumsebenzi okhuselekileyo: Ikhuselwe nguMthetho woKhuseleko noMgangatho wempilo (Umthetho we-OSH) kunye nezicwangciso zikarhulumente.
  • [[NTL:0] Ekunene kwentsapho nakunyango Inqaku: Ikhuselwe yiNtsapho kunye neMedical Let Act (FMLA) kunye norhulumente eshiya imithetho.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ekunene Ukukhululeka Kumvaso: ukhuselwe phantse yimisebenzi yonke emiselwe ukubandakanyeka kumsebenzi okhuselweyo.

Ilungelo Lokulungiselela Nokubandakanyeka Kumsebenzi Odityanisiweyo

INational Labor Relations Act inika abasebenzi abangumbutho wabucala ilungelo lokwakha, lokudibanisa, okanye lokuncedisa amaqumrhu abasebenzi; ukuthelekisa kunye; nokubandakanye “kwimisebenzi edityanisiweyo” yokuncedana okanye ukukhusela. Oku kuquka ukuxubusha ngemivuzo, ukuhambisa izibongozo eziphathelele imisebenzi, nokunxiba isigqeba se-intengiso. INational Labor Relations Board (NLB) iqinisekisa la malungelo nokungavumela abaqeshi bomqeshi, njengokudubula okanye ukusongela abasebenzi ngomsebenzi womanyano. Kwanakwimisebenzi engeyo, abaqeshwa banelungelo lokusebenza kunye ukuphucula iimeko zokuphucula — ukhuseleko olugquma omabini amalungu omanyano kunye namalungu angengomalungu.

Ilungelo Lokufumana Imali Efanelekileyo

IFair Labor Standards Act imisela intlawulo encinane, ifuna intlawulo ehlawulweyo ephinda-phindwayo ngezihlandlo ezi-1.5 umlinganiselo othe rhoqo weeyure ezingaphezu kwama-40 kwiveki yomsebenzi, kwaye ithintela ukusebenza kwabantwana. Amaphondo amaninzi anemivuzo ephezulu kunye nemithetho engaphaya komsebenzi. Abasebenzi (abatshabhileyo, abalawuli, abaqeshi, nabangaphandle kwe-ofisi) abanelungelo lokusebenza ixesha eliphezulu; ukungagunyaziswanga kukwamkelwa kakuhle kokuhlelwa kwabo kwaye baqinisekise ukuba bahlawulwa ngazo zonke iiyure ezisebenzayo, kuquka ixesha elingekhoyo, ukulinda, nangeyure eziphinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phindayo. ISebe le-phinda-phinda-phinde i-phinda-phinda-phinde i-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinde i-phinda-phindo zomthetho.

Ukuya Kumsebenzi Okhuselekileyo

UMthetho woKhuseleko noMgangatho wezeMpilo ufuna abaqeshi ukuba banike indawo yomsebenzi ngaphandle kovumo lweengozi ezibangela ukufa okanye ezisemngciphekweni onzulu wokonzakalisa umzimba. Abaqeshi kufuneka bathobele imilinganiselo ethile yokhuseleko, banikezele uqeqesho, baze banikele ingxelo yomsebenzi onxulumene nomonakalo kunye nezigulo. Abaqeshwa banelungelo lokuchaza iimeko ezingakhuselekanga, bacele ukuhlolwa kwe-OSHA, baze bathathe inxaxheba ekuhloleni ngaphandle kokuziphindezela. Ukhuseleko lwe-Whiltleaer phantsi koMthetho we-OSH kunye nabanye abasebenzi abakhusela imicimbi yokhuseleko. Izicwangciso ze-OSHHH zinika ukhuseleko olungakumbi.

Ikhefu Lentsapho Nelonyango

ISebe Leentsapho neMedical Let Act livumela abasebenzi abafanelekileyo ukuba basebenze iiveki ezili-12 zekhefu elingahlawulwayo ngonyaka wokuzalwa okanye ukutholwa komntwana, imeko enzulu yempilo yomqeshwa okanye ilungu lentsapho, okanye ukukhutshwa kwentsapho yasemkhosini. Abaqeshwa bamele ukuba basebenze ubuncinane iinyanga ezili-12 (akunakusoloko kulandelelana) kunye neeyure ezili-1, 250 kunyaka ophelileyo, kwaye umqeshi kufuneka abe nabaqeshi abangama-50 okanye ngaphezulu. I-FMLA ifuna umqeshi ukuba alondoloze i-inshorensi yempilo ngexesha lokuhamba aze abuyiselwe umqeshwa kwisikhundla esifanayo okanye esifanayo xa ebuya. Amanye amaphondo afumana iiyure ezihlawulwayo kunye neenkqubo zezonyango ezinika umnxeba.

Indlela Yokukhusela Amalungelo Akho

Ukwazi amalungelo akho linyathelo lokuqala.

  • Yazi iinkqubo zomqeshi wakho kunye nomthetho: Funda incwadi yesandla yabaqeshwa, isivumelwano somanyano, kunye nezaziso zombuso nezorhulumente ezisebenzayo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Gcina uxwebhu olucokisekileyo: Ugcina iingxelo zeziganeko, uthungelwano, kunye nalo nabuphi na ubungqina bocalulo, ukungcungcuthekiswa, okanye ukuziphindezelela.
  • Sebenzisa iziqhagamshelanisi ezinika ingxelo zangaphakathi: Inkxalabo kwi HR, umphathi wakho, okanye iqhina elishushu eligunyazisiweyo njengoko lichazwe kwinkqubo yenkampani.
  • Ifayile ityala ngesebe elifanelekileyo: localulo, ifayile kunye neEOC okanye umbutho wobulungisa besizwe. Ukukhusela, qhagamshelana no-OSHA. Kwimiba yentlawulo, qhagamshelana neSebe lemisebenzi.
  • [[NTL: 0] Igqwetha eliqesha: Ukuba ulwaphulo lungaphumelelanga, igqwetha lingacebisa ngokuhlahlela, ukuhlalisana, okanye ukunxibelelana.

Zazi Isidima Nomthetho Womqeshi Wakho

Wonke umqeshwa kufuneka aziqhelanise nemigaqo yenkampani echasene ne-discrini, ukukhathazwa, ikhefu, ukungabikho, kunye nengqeqesho. Abaqeshi abaninzi kufuneka bathumele isaziso ngamalungelo orhulumente norhulumente (umz., FMLA, FLA, OSSA). Imithetho yezorhulumente inganikela ukhuseleko olubanzi — umzekelo, amanye amaphondo ayaluthintela ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwimbonakalo yesondo okanye kwilungu lomntu ngamnye, nokuba ngaba umthetho karhulumente akaluchazi. Ukuhlala usazi ngamalungelo orhulumente EC, , [FLT:]], [[FLT:]]] [2]], umzekelo, kunye nophawu lwe-[FLTL:]

Londoloza Ubhalo Olucokisekileyo

Xa ukrokra amalungelo, bhala ingxelo ngexesha elinye. Quka imihla, amaxesha, iindawo, amagama amangqina, kunye nenkcazelo eyinyaniso yoko kwenzeke. Gcina ii-imeyili, imiyalezo yokubhaliweyo, iposi, kunye novavanyo lomsebenzi olubonisa umlinganiselo wokuphathwa ngokungekho mthethweni. Iifoto zemeko ezingakhuselekanga, iingxelo ezihlawulwayo ezibonisa ukuphelelwa ngumsebenzi, okanye imibhalo yezikhalazo zocalulo bubungqina obubalulekileyo. Uxwebhu lungagxeka xa lufaka ityala okanye ukumangalelana, njengokuba iinkumbulo kunye nabaqeshinawa benokuthi baphikisa ityala lakho.

Sebenzisa iziqhagamshelanisi ezinika ingxelo zangaphakathi

Abaqeshi abaninzi banenkqubo yokuxela izikhalazo — ngokufuthi isebe le-HR, isebe elizii-HR elizibangayo, okanye igosa elityunjweyo. Ukunikela ingxelo ngaphakathi kungayicombulula ngokukhawuleza le ngxaki kwaye kubonisa ukuba umqeshi wakho unika ithuba lokuyilungisa le ngxaki. Kusenokuba yimfuneko nakweminye imiba esemthethweni, efana netyala lokukhathazwa ngumqeshi apho esazi ukuba uziphatha njani na.

Ifayile Ityala Nezakhono zikarhulumente

Ukuba isigqibo sangaphakathi asiphumelelanga, ungafaka isityholo kumbutho wasekuhlaleni okanye karhulumente. Ukuze ucalucalulo ngemisebenzi, kufuneka ufake isimangalo kwi-EEOC (okanye umbutho olinganayo karhulumente) ngeentsuku ezili-180 (okanye iintsuku ezingama-300 kwamanye amazwe) zokwaphula umthetho okutyholwayo. I-EOC iza kuphengulula kwaye ikhuphe ire “ilungelo lokufaka ileta”. Kwimali neyure yokuchasa, yenza isikhalazo kwiSebe le-ORP. Kwiingozi zokhuseleko, yenza umbalo ne Hour Divice ne Hour Divice ne OSHCA. Umbutho ngamnye unemiliselo nemigaqo engqongqo, ngoko yenza ngokukhawuleza.

Jonga Kwindawo Ethengwa Ngayo

Igqwetha elinolwazi ngemithetho yemisebenzi lingalivavanya ityala lakho, lichaze ukhetho lwakho, lize likumele kwingxoxo okanye kwityala lakho. Abaninzi banikela uncedo lwamahala lokuqala. Uncedo olusemthethweni lubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ujongene nembambano entsonkothileyo — njengokuziphindezela, ukuhlawula, okanye ukuphelisa okuphosakeleyo — okanye ukuba umqeshi mkhulu kwaye uthenjiwe kakuhle. Amanye amatyala athatyathwa ngokufanelekileyo, intsingiselo yokuba igqwetha lihlawulwa kuphela ukuba uphumelele. Funa ii-arhenters kwimibutho yebhar yasekuhlaleni okanye ukusebenzisa imithombo yoncedo esemthethweni ukuba inkxalabo.

Isiphelo

Ukuqonda amalungelo omgaqo-siseko emsebenzini kubalulekile kubo bonke abaqeshwa, enoba kukwicandelo likawonke-wonke okanye elobucala. Ngoxa umGaqo-siseko umisela isiseko, imithetho yemisebenzi yale mihla kunye neyomsebenzi iye yandisa kakhulu ukhuseleko kwiimeko zokucalucalucalulo, iimali ezingakhuselekanga, imivuzo engekho sesikweni, kunye nempindezelo. Ngokuhlala benolwazi, bebhala iziganeko, bechaza amajelo, befuna icebiso elisemthethweni, abasebenzi banokukhusela amalungelo abo baze banikele kwimeko entle nefanelekileyo yomsebenzi.