Ukwazisa

Amandla omthetho abumba isiseko sendlela amazwe alawula ngayo amalungelo eminerali kunye nobuncwane bendalo. Imithetho kunye nemigaqo emiselwe ngoorhulumente imisela ubunikazi, ukhuselo, ukhuseleko lwemekobume, kunye nokusasazwa kweengenelo zezoqoqosho. Olu nxulumano phakathi kwegunya elisemthethweni kunye nolawulo lwezibonelelo luneziphumo ezinzulu kwinkqubela-phambili yezoqoqosho, ukulondolozwa kwemekobume, nokuzinziswa kwentlalo. Ukuqonda indlela umthetho ophembelela ngayo amalungelo ezinto zokumbiwa kweminerali kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamashishini obuncwane kunika ubuchule obucacileyo kwimpembelelo ebanzi yokulawula, ukuveliswa kwemali, kunye nentsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe.

Imfuneko yehlabathi lonke yezimbiwa, iintsimbi, kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa njengelahleko ziyaqhubeka zinyuka, ziqhutywa kukuthanjiswa, ukwanda kwabemi, kunye nokuguqulwa kobugcisa obunokubuyiselwa kumandla. Kulo mongo, izakhiwo zowiso-mthetho ezilawula ukusetyenziswa kobuncwane zikwanesiphumo esingaphezulu. Zinganceda ukuphuhliswa okanye ukungalingani okungundoqo, ukungcoliswa kwemekobume, kunye nengxabano. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa ubukhulu bamandla owiso-mthetho kumo wolwakhiwo lwamalungelo ezinto kunye nokusetyenziswa kweminikezo yendalo, ukuvavanya imizekelo yempahla, ukubeka imigaqo yexabiso, imimiselo yemekobume, imingeni, ukuqinisekisa ukulondolozwa, kunye neengxaki zexesha elizayo.

Isiseko esisemthethweni: Ulawulo nobunini

Izixhobo zoburhulumente

Umiselo lomthetho luqala ngombuzo obalulekileyo wokuba ngubani onobutyebi bezimbiwa ngaphantsi komphezulu. Ezi ntlobo zimbini zingundoqo zezobumnini bobuqu, ezixhaphakileyo kumazwe anjenge-United States, apho amalungelo ezinto ezimbiwa anokuhlulwa kumalungelo angaphezulu kwaye abenjwe ngabantu okanye iinkampani, kunye nobunikazi belizwe, apho urhulumente ahlala khona elawula ulawulo oluphezulu kubuncwane be-oyile. Amazwe amaninzi alandela imodeli yokugqibela, ngokufuthi elandela ulawulo lwelizwe kwimithetho-siseko okanye ikhowudi yemigodi. Umzekelo, eLatin America, amazwe amaninzi avakalisa zonke izimbiwa ezimbiwa zigcina impahla yelizwe, enika imvume kwizinto ezizimeleyo ngezivumelwano ezingokwasemthethweni.

Ukhetho oluphakathi kwale mizekelo luchaphazela kakhulu intshukumisa yotyalo-mali, ingeniso karhulumente, kunye neenzuzo zoluntu. Iinkqubo zikarhulumente zivumela oorhulumente ukuba bamisele amagama okuhlola nokukhupha, ngeli xesha ubunikazi bobuqu bungakhuthaza inkqubela-phambili ekhawulezileyo kodwa bungakhokelela kulawulo olwahlukeneyo. Umthetho uchaza isiseko esisemthethweni sokuba ngumnini-mhlaba, amalungelo abemi bangaphandle, kunye neenkqubo zokufumana amalungelo ezinto ezimbiwayo kurhulumente okanye kubabambi-mpahla babucala.

Indima yemiGaqo-siseko neMithendeleko

Umgaqo-siseko wesizwe udla ngokumisela umgaqo wolongamo lukarhulumente kubuncwane bendalo, ulungiselela isiseko esisemthethweni kuyo yonke imigodi yemigodi kunye nomthetho wamandla olandelayo. Eminye imimiselo ikhupha umyalelo ocacileyo wokuba ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo kumele kuncede uluntu lonke kwaye kukhusele imekobume. Izivumelwano zezizwe ngezizwe kunye nomthetho wezizwe ngezizwe zikwanendima yayo. INdibano yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo kuMthetho woLwandle (UNCOS), ngokomzekelo, ilawula amalungelo enzululwazi ezinto ezimbiwayo kwiindawo ezikude nonxweme, kuquka nommandla wezoqoqosho kunye neshibhilishishi yelizwe. Izivumelwano ezinjalo zifuna umthetho wesizwe ukuba uphumele amalungiselelo awo, wenze imekobume esemthethweni.

Ukongezelela, izivumelwano zamalungelo abantu nemilinganiselo yezizwe ngezizwe, njengeSindululo seZizwe Ezimanyeneyo saMalungelo abantu Bomthonyama (UNDRIP), siphembelela iindlela zowiso-mthetho zokuzikhulula ngaphambi kokuba zivunyelwene (FPIC). Amazwe aye amkela ezi zixhobo kufuneka alungelelanise imithetho yawo yemigodi ngokunxulumene noko, ukukhusela abantu bengingqi kunye nabagcini-mali basekuhlaleni. Ukudibanisa imithetho yamakhaya kunye neemfuno zezizwe ngezizwe kukungachananiswa kwamalungelo anamhlanje alawulayo.

Imisebenzi yeFrame yoMgaqo-siseko yaMalungelo eMbhobho

Inkqubo ye-Licens kunye ne-Concession

Umthetho umisela iinkqubo apho iinkampani zifumana khona ilungelo lokuhlola nokukhupha izimbiwa. Iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ziquka izivumelwano ezivunyiweyo, amalayisensi, imvume, kunye nokuvelisa izivumelwano. Iinkqubo zekontensiyu zinika umgcini-mpahla amalungelo apheleleyo ngexesha elichaziweyo, ngokufuthi aphantsi kokusebenza izibophelelo kunye nentlawulo zokumkani. Iinkqubo ze-licensting ziqheleke kakhulu kumazwe anemisebenzi emincinci. Isiseko somthetho kufuneka sichaze ngokucacileyo inkqubo yesicelo, imilinganiselo yovavanyo, ubude, ulungiso, iimeko zokuhlaziya, kunye nezizathu ze-interrome.

Umlinganiselo ocwangcisiweyo wenkqubo yowiso-mthetho olungelelanisiweyo olungelelanisiweyo womnikeli wemali othembekileyo kulawulo lukarhulumente. Unika ukukhanya okucacileyo kumalungelo anika imvume, kunciphisa ubulumko, kwaye unciphisa amathuba okunganyaniseki. Amazwe amaninzi aye amkela ikhowudi yemigodi elungelelanisa ezi nkqubo, ngokufuthi efuziselwe ngeyona ndlela ingcono kulawulo olufana neKhanada, i-Australia, okanye iChile. Umzekelo, uhlaziyo lwama-2021 lwe-Democratic Republic yekhowudi yemigodi yeCongo yomeleza ukuthatha inxaxheba nolwandiso olukhulayo, ebonisa indlela umthetho okwazi ukuphinda ulungelelanisa ngayo umlinganiselo phakathi kwengeniso yabucala nengenelo kawonke.

Ulawulo, Irhafu, kunye nolwabelo lwengeniso

Amandla omthetho amisela ngqo indlela ezifumaneka ngayo iinzuzo zemali zokhupho lovimba. Irhafu iquka irhafu yengeniso yequmrhu, irhafu yengeniso ejikelezayo, iirhafu zexabiso elithengelweyo, kunye neerhafu ezongezelelekileyo zexabiso. Oorhulumente abaninzi bakwabeka iirhafu ezithile kwimisebenzi yemigodi, njengerhafu yemekobume okanye inkcitho yophuhliso loluntu.

Ukwabelana ngengeniso phakathi koorhulumente abasembindini kunye nemimandla yengingqi yelinye icandelo elibalulekileyo lowiso-mthetho. Kwinkqubo yorhulumente, oorhulumente bamaphondo okanye bamazwe basoloko begcina inxalenye yengeniso yemigodi. Umzekelo, eKhanada, amaphondo anamalungelo amaninzi embiwayo kwaye aqokelela ubukumkani, ngelixa urhulumente wengingqi elawula iinkalo zemeko zemekobume nezentlalo. Ngokwahlukileyo, amaphondo angaqokelela ingeniso kodwa anikele imali ngokugqithisa uqingqo-mali. Uyilo lwemirhumo yemali lungathintela ukuhlulwa kwemigodlo kunye nengqungquthela yemali, kodwa lufuna ulawulo oluneyo

Amalungelo Elizwe Nenkululeko Engaphambili

Umthetho uyawamkela ngokuqhubekayo amalungelo abantu bomthonyama kunye nabantu basekuhlaleni ngokunxulumene nokuphuhliswa kwezimbiwa zovimba. Umgaqo wokuzikhulula ngaphambi kokuba ufunde (i-FIC) uye wafakwa kwimithetho yemigodi yamazwe amaninzi, kuquka iPeru, iPhilippines neKhanada. Le mithetho ifuna ukuba abantu abachaphazelekayo badibane ngaphambi kokuba bafumane imvume yokufumana okanye bakhuphe, yaye kwezinye iimeko, ukuvunywa koluntu kungabotshwa ngokusemthethweni. Noko ke, ukuphunyezwa komthetho kuyahluka-hlukene kakhulu, kwaye kudla ngokuzinzisa ukulungelelanisa i-FPIC nemfuneko yokuzityalo.

Amalungiselelo owiso-mthetho asebenzayo kumalungelo oluntu aquka iingcaciso ezicacileyo zoluntu oluchaphazelekayo, iinkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo zokucebisana, iindlela zokucombulula impikiswano, kunye neengenelo eziyingenelo zezivumelwano. Ngaphandle kokhuseleko olusemthethweni oluqinileyo, ukukhutshwa koovimba kusenokukhokelela kwisiphithiphithi sentlalo-ntle, ucelomngeni olungokwasemthethweni, kunye nomonakalo odumileyo wabatyali-mali. Ukuvumelana okukhulayo ngeFPIC kunyanzelela iintkomfako ukuqinisa ezi zibonelelo, zizenza zibe yinxalenye ephambili yomthetho wamalungelo anamhlanje.

Ukubuyiselwa kokusingqongileyo nezoluntu

Izilingo Nemvume Ezinempembelelo Kwimeko Esingqongileyo

Ucwangciso lomgaqo-siseko lufuna uhlolo lwempembelelo yemekobume (EIA) phambi kokuba kuqhubeke nayiphi na iprojekthi ebalulekileyo yemigodi okanye yamandla. Inkqubo ye-EIA ivavanya iziphumo ezinokubakho kwindalo, ubuncwane bamanzi, ubunjani bomoya, kunye nezidalwa ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye neempembelelo ezingokwentlalo kuluntu lwasekuhlaleni. Imithetho ichaza okuqulethwe ziingxelo ze-EIA, uhlolo namathuba okugqabaza kawonke wonke, kunye nemigaqo yokuvunywa okanye ukwaliwa. Iimfuno ze-EIA zingalibazisela imisebenzi kodwa zibalulekile ekuthinteleni ukonakala kwemeko-bume.

Isixokelelwano sokuvumela ukudibanisa iimeko zemeko-bume kwilayisensi esebenzayo. Umthetho ungagunyazisa ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha obungcono obukhoyo, amanyathelo okulawula ungcoliso, kunye neenkqubo zokuhlola. Umzekelo, iMining Waste Directive Directive ye-European Union imisela imilinganiselo ebophelelayo kulawulo lwemisila kunye nokuvalwa kwebhombu. Kumazwe amaninzi asakhulayo, noko ke, umthetho wemekobume uphazamiseka kumandla abuthathaka kunye nemiqathango engonelanga, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusabaleni okungahambelani nemithetho-yo. Ukuqinisa le mithetho nokuqinisekisa ukuphunyezwa kwayo kulucelomngeni oluzinzileyo lwemithetho yowiso

Iimfuno zokubuyiselwa nokuvalwa

Amandla omthetho anwenwela kukuphela kobomi bebhombu. Imithetho emininzi yemigodi yale mihla ifuna ukuba iinkampani zilungise iiplani zokuvala, zibeke isiqinisekiso semali sokubuyiselwa kwakhona, zibuyisele le ndawo kwimeko enciphisa iingozi zexesha elide lokusingqongileyo nokhuseleko. Le migaqo ijolise ekuthinteleni iibhombu ezishiweyo ekubeni zingabi ngamatyala angapheliyo kubahlawuli. Imithetho ichaza imilinganiselo yobugcisa yokubuyisela isakhiwo, kuquka ukwakhiwa komhlaba, ukubuyiselwa komhlaba, nokubuyiselwa komphambili, kunye nonyango lwamanzi.

Iindlela zokuqinisekisa ngemali . "ezifana nezibonda, imali yokuthembeka, okanye iileta zetyala" kufuneka zinyanzelwe ngokusemthethweni kwaye zanele ukuhlawula ixabiso elipheleleyo lokuvalwa kwemali, kwanokuba inkampani ithe yanyibilika. Amanye amazwe, njengoMzantsi Afrika, aye alungisa isheshi yawo yemigodi yokuyila ukuze aquke iinjongo ezingqongqo zentlalo kunye neziyintsebenziswano zokuvala. Amalungiselelo okukhupha ityala avavanywa ngokuqinisekisa ukuba ukukhutshwa kovimba akulishiyelifa lokuthotywa kwemeko-meko-bume kwaye iinkampani zithwala iindleko zokwenyaniso zemisebenzi yazo.

Iingxaki Ekunyanzelweni Komthetho

Urhwaphilizo Nolawulo Olubuthathaka

Kwanomthetho owenziwe kakuhle ungasilela ukuba unyanzelekile okanye ungonakali. Kumazwe amaninzi atyebileyo, afuna ukupheliswa kwezinto ezizizizizi, ukunyotywa kwemali, kunye nokugxampuzeka kwezobupolitika kunciphisa umthetho. Ukuphepha okusemthethweni kusenokuvumela iinkampani ziphephe intlawulo zasebukhosini, zithintele imigangatho yemekobume, okanye zisebenze ngaphandle kwemvume efanelekileyo. uphelo olubiso [ [=iindawo ezityebileyo]] .

Ukucombulula le ngxaki, izikhululo zowiso-mthetho zingathabatha amanyathelo acacileyo afana nomthetho onyanzelisayo wokutyhilwa kwezivumelwano, amaxwebhu okubhalisa aluncedo, kunye namaqumrhu olawulo lukawonke-wonke. I-Piffered Instrities Ireatificatification (EITI) ngumgangatho wezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe oye waphunyezwa ngumthetho wesizwe. Noko ke, ulawulo lwezopolitiko nobuchule bolawulo lusafuneka ngokunempumelelo. Ngaphandle kokuba amaqumrhu azimeleyo kunye namaqumrhu azimeleyo, imithetho isuka nje kumaphepha.

Icebo Elitsha Nezifo ZamaDatshi

Umiselo lomthetho lunganciphisa okanye lufake ujikelezo lwezoqoqosho olunxulumene nokhupho loovimba. Imeko eyaziwa njenge Disease Dutch iyenzeka xa intsika yemali ikhokelela kuxabiso lwemali, iphazamisa amanye amacandelo athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe afana nokwenza ubugcisa kunye nokulima. Umthetho wokulungelelanisa iimali zorhwebo zingafunxa imali eninzi kunye nokuchitha ixesha eligudileyo. URhulumente wase Norway uPension Fund Global, omiselwe ngumzekelo wokulawula ubutyebi be-oyile. Ngokufanayo, ukusetyenziswa kwemali yebhethro. Imali yemali exhasa uqoqosholo lwemali ephuma kumaxabiso.

Umthetho ungakhuthaza iimfuno zolwakhiwo lwengingqi, unyanzelisa iinkampani zemigodi ukuba zisebenzise abanikeli bamakhaya zize ziqeshe abasebenzi basekuhlaleni. Ngoxa iinkqubo ezinjalo zinokulwakha ubuchule boshishino, kufuneka zenzelwe ubuchule ukuze ziphephe ubuchule kunye nokunganyaniseki. Ucelomngeni lwabalawuli bemithetho lukwenza imithetho efumana iingenelo ezibanzi zezoqoqosho ekukhutshweni kwezibonelelo ngelinye ixesha ziphepha ukugqwetha okuye kwachaphazela amazwe amaninzi axhomekeke kubuncwane.

Inkcitho yomhlaba wonke kunye nengcinezelo yexeshana elifutshane

Ukufunwa ngokukhula kweminerali enzima ehlabathini lonke − njenge lithium, cobalt, kunye neziqalelo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ``````Ii-litium'''','ibangela uxinzelelo kurhulumente kwimisebenzi ekhawulezayo. Kugqatso lokukhusela amatyathanga ezithuthi zombane kunye namandla anokuhlaziywa, imigaqo-mthetho isenokuncitshiswa. Amanye amazwe acebe ukuvumela inkqubo okanye ukulawulwa kwemekobume ekhuselekileyo ukutsala utyalo. Oku kufutshane kungakhokelela kwilahleko lwexesha elide kunye namaxabiso entlalo.

Ukulungelelanisa ungxamiseko lotshintsho lwamandla nolawulo olunenkathalo lufuna ulwahlulo lomthetho. Imithetho kufuneka iquke amalungiselelo olawulo olulungelelanisayo, ivumela uhlolo kunye nohlengahlengiso lomhla nexesha ugcino-lwazi olutsha lwenzululwazi luvela. Intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe, njenge InterGeneral Foromation on Mining, I-Minerals, izinyithi kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo, inceda ekusasazeni ezona zenzo zomthetho kwaye ikhuthaza ukulungelelaniso lwemigangatho yemithetho kwiimida.

Uhlolisiso lwetyala: Umahluko Womthetho

IKhanada – Amandla Ephondo Anqatyisiweyo

IKhanada inikela imodeli yamalungelo afanelekileyo okulawula izimbiwa. Phantsi komGaqo-siseko, amaphondo anoninzi lwezimbiwa yaye anegunya eliphambili lokumisela ukuhlola, ukukhupha, kunye nobukumkani. Urhulumente wesizwe ugcina igunya kwiingqino zokuhlola imekobume ukwenzela imisebenzi emikhulu, amandla enyukliya, kunye neengxaki zokudlulisa izimbiwa zeminerali. Eli candelo lidala inkqubo entsonkothileyo kodwa ephumelelayo apho imisebenzi yemigodi yephondo imisela imithetho esekelwe kwiimeko zolawulo lwesizwe. Le nkqubo ikhuthaza ushishino lwemigodi enzima, kodwa imidabi yemida ehambayo inokubangela ukuba kube nolibazisa neengxaki ezingokwasemthethweni.

IChile – Ulawulo Olunamandla Nobhedu

IChile inika umzekelo womahluko kunye nobukhulu obuqinileyo beminerali yobuncwane. Umgaqo-siseko ugcina zonke izisele zokumbiwa kurhulumente, kwaye umthetho wemigodi owahlukeneyo unika uvumelo kwiinkampani zabucala. Imithetho yenkampani yelizwe eyayakhelweyo, eyenziwe ngumthetho wowiso-mthetho ngo 1955, ilawula imveliso yobhedu. Umiselo lwemithetho yeChile luye lwaguquka ukuze luquke inkqubo yolawulo lwamabhodlo kunye nemveliso ye-levy, kunye nezicelo zotshintsho zakutshanje zinika ingxubuliso kurhulumente ngokuhambela phambili. Impumelelo yelizwe ekutsaleni utyalo lwemali yelizwe lolunye ilizwe ngelinye ilizwe ngeli ligcina ulawulo olubalulekileyo lwesizwe ibonisa ukuba ulawulo olunamandla lwemithetho yolawulo lungahlala kunye necandelo elimanyukuqulu.

IGhana – Ukulungelelanisa Ukubonakala Kwezinto Nokuzibeka Emalini

IMinerals and Mining Act yaseGhana, ehlaziywe ngo-2019, ibonisa ucelomngeni lokusebenzisa izikhuthazo ezidityanisiweyo zomgcini-mali ngokubona ngaphaya kokukhanya kunye neengenelo zasekuhlaleni. Umthetho ufuna ilayisensi yemigodi, imvume yokusingqongileyo, kunye nezivumelwano zokuphuhliswa koluntu. Ikwayalela oko kuqulethwe yindawo kunye nokungenelela kwasekuhlaleni. Noko ke, ukunyanzelisa akulingani, kwaye ukumbiwa kwemigodi okungekho mthethweni semthethweni . Ingxubuso yemithetho izama ukomeleza nokunyusa izigwebo zokungadisi. Amava eGhana abonisa ukuba umthetho wodwa awanele ngaphandle kokusebenza kwemibutho nokubophelela.

Umthetho Wezizwe Ngezizwe Noovimba Abagqithisiweyo

Ubuncwane obuninzi bezimbiwa bunqumla imida yesizwe, bufuna izicwangciso zomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ukuphatha ugcino-mali. I-oyile kunye nemimandla yegesi ehamba ngolwandle, umzekelo, isoloko ilawulwa yizivumelwano ezi-binameodenti ezithi zibubuniwe kwaye zimisele imithetho yokusebenzisa kakubi. I-International Seabed Agued Ague, emiselwe phantsi kwe-UNCLOS, ilawula imigodi kumazantsi anzulu angaphaya kolawulo lwesizwe. Ikhowudi yayo yemigodi ibeka imilinganiselo yemekobume, amalungiselelo ebukumkani, kunye neengenelo lwemimiselo “lefa likaluntu oluqhelekileyo."

Ezweni, izivumelwano ezifana ne Isivumelwano se-Draft kuMbindi noPhuhliso kunye nezivumelwano zengingqi eNtshona Afrika kunye neMazantsi Afrika uLuntu loPhuhliso lukhuthaza umthetho ohambelanayo kwimigodi nakukhuseleko lwemekobume. Noko ke, umthetho wezizwe ngezizwe uxhomekeke ekuzalisekisweni kwasekhaya. Imithetho kufuneka idlulise izibophelelo zesivumelwano kumthetho wesizwe ukuze zinyanzeliswe. Umthetho ophakathi kwamakhaya kunye namazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe ummandla onamandla, ngokukodwa njengokhuphiswano lweminerali.

Utyekelo Lwexesha Elizayo Kumthetho Wamalungelo Ebhombu

Intsimbi Enzulu

Inkqubela-phambili yobugcisa ivula imida emitsha yokukhupha izimbiwa, kuquka ubunzulu bolwandle. Igunya lehlabathi lonke le-Seabed liphuhlisa imimiselo yemigodi yolwandle olunzulu, efuna ukuzalisekisa umthetho ngokuxhasa amazwe. Le mithetho kufuneka ithethe ngezokhuseleko lwemeko-bume, iimfanelo, ukwabelana ngengeniso, namalungelo amazwe asakhasayo. Ingxoxo ngomgaqo okhuselayo womgaqo wokukhusela ungqameko oluchasene nemfuneko yeminerali eza kuyila ukhetho lwemithetho yemithetho elawulayo kwishumi leminyaka elizayo.

Imigodi Enzima Nokhuseleko Lwesizwe

Oorhulumente baya bewajonga ngokukhula amatyathanga ezinto zokumbiwa kweminerali njengemibandela yokhuseleko lwesizwe. Umthetho eUnited States, iEuropean Union, ne-Australia ubangele iindlela zokuqhubela phambili imigodi yasekhaya yelithium, umhlaba onqabileyo, kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo. Le mithetho isenokuyekelela imilinganiselo yemeko-bume, ivumele umsinga, okanye inike izikhuthazo zemali. Uxinzelelo phakathi kokhuseleko olukhutshwe kunye nokuzinziswa kwexesha elide luzakuba lucelomngeni olungundoqo lwemithetho-mthetho.

Ukutshintsha Kwemozulu Nokutshintsha Kwamandla

Utshintsho lwamandla lubuyisela ulawulo lwelizwe lwasemthethweni lwamalungelo ezinto ezimbiwayo. Umthetho kufuneka ngoku uqwalasele umlinganiselo wenyawo lwebhoni yemigodi, ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kweminenga, kunye nemfuneko yokuphinda isetyenziswe kwakhona kwezimbiwa kwimibhobho yemizimba yobomi kunye ne-elektroniki. Ezinye imikhosi idibanisa imilinganiselo yemozulu kwimivukelo yemibhobho yemibhobho evumela kwaye ifuna iinkampani zikhuphe ukhupho. Imithetho yexesha elizayo iya kugunyazisa imigaqo yesazinge sesazi sezoqoqosho, ukunxulumanisa amalungelo ezinto ezingqukuva kwibhanki epheleleyo yemijelo. Imithetho yemiqathango elindele ukuba ezi ndlela zifumane indawo engcono ukukhokela uphuhliso lwemisebe kwihlabathi elishushu.

Isiphelo

Amandla omthetho ligumbi lamalungelo ezimbiwa kunye nolawulo lovimba bendalo. Igqiba ukuba ngubani osisityebi esingaphantsi komhlaba, indlela esinokukhutshwa ngayo, kwaye ngubani ongenelwayo. Umthetho osebenzayo ulungelelanisa amathuba ezoqoqosho kunye nobugosa bokusingqongileyo, amandla entlalo, kunye nokuzinziswa kwexesha elide. Noko ke, ukwenziwa nokugcinwa kwaloo mithetho ngumsebenzi entsonkothileyo, uphantsi kweengcinezelo zobupolitika, ulawulo olubuthathaka, kunye nemikhosi yezorhwebo yomhlaba wonke. Njengoko ukufunwa kwemineralis ziyakhula, /drivedn, amandla, kunye nokunyuka komsebenzi wobungqiqweqwele-o-mthetho kuya kwanda kuphela.

Imizekelo yeKhanada, iChile, neGhana ibonisa ukuba akukho ndlela inye elungileyo. Ilizwe ngalinye kufuneka lilungise imithetho yalo ngokwemeko yalo engokomGaqo-siseko, isiseko sovimba, kunye nezinto eziphambili kwintlalo. Imigangatho yezizwe ngezizwe nentsebenziswano inika ukhokelo, kodwa imigaqo yowiso-mthetho yasekhaya ibamba igunya elipheleleyo. Ngokufunda kwimpumelelo nokungaphumeleli, nangokubandakanywa nabagcini-mathikithi kulo lonke ibutho labantu, oorhulumente bangenza umthetho wendalo ube yi-injini engundoqo yokuphuhlisa.

Ukufundwa okubhekele phaya, bona [[FLT: 0] Icandelo loBunikazi beMimandla kuhlalutyo lwemithetho yemigodi, EITI kumgangatho wokubona ngaphaya, kunye ne [[FLT] ye-International Seabed Ague Agure yemimiselo yemigodi yaselwandle.