Umhlaba osemthethweni woTyhala: Umthetho, imimiselo, kunye noqhaqho

Uphando lokunyanzela luhlala luyenye yezona ndlela zilwayo kwiphulo lezobupolitika langoku. Ngokungafaniyo nophando olusemthethweni loluvo, ukunyanzela ukuvotelwa ngemposiso kusebenzisa imibuzo enzima ngabom ukubumba iimbono zabavoti kunokuba kuqokelele ugcino-lwazi lobundilele. Olu qheliselo lutsale uphando oluvela kwiinkundla, abalawuli, namaqela oonogadayo kulo lonke elaseUnited States, oluphumela ekukhuleni kweqela leqela lezenzo zomthetho nezomthetho. Ukuqonda ulawulo olusemthethweni olunyanzela ukucotha ukupheka kuyimfuneko kwimikhosi yezandla, abacebisi bezobupolitika, kunye nabaphengululi abamele bahambe ngomgca olungileyo phakathi kwentetho yezobupolitika ekhuselekileyo kunye nezenzo ezingekho mthethweni.

Into Ebangela Ukuba Abantu Bangcolise Ngokusemthethweni

Imibandela yomthetho enxulumene nokuhlahlela enyanzelisa isiseko sobunjani bayo obusisiseko: izenza ngathi luphando olunenjongo loxa ngabom isasaza ulwazi olubi okanye olububuxoki ngomlandeli okanye umbalelwa. Iinkundla kunye nabalawuli baye baphikisana nokuba lo mcimbi ululwimi lwezopolitiko olukhuselwe phantsi koMphengululo wokuqala okanye uwela kwiintetho ezinokulawulwa, ezifana nobuqhetseba, ukuhlaziswa, okanye ukohlwaywa.

Iingxaki ezininzi ezingundoqo zomthetho zivela rhoqo kumatyala okucinezela:

  • [[Umthetho worhwebo:0] Izenzo zorhwebo ezidibeneyo: Xa ucinezelelo luziveza ngokwalo njengohlolo olusemthethweni, lungaphula imithetho yokhuseleko lwabathengi ethintela ukugqwethwa kwentengiso nezobupolitika.
  • [[NTLA: 0] Usongelo lobuvoloyiso oluqhutywa ngamavolo-mpunge olubonisa iziphumo ezingalunganga zokuvota komntu othile oza kubhatalwa lunganqumla kwingingqi eyoyikisayo, ingakumbi xa kujoliswe kumaqela athile abemi.
  • [[UMTL:0] Iintetho zobuxoki: Uhlahlo-hlolo olunxibisayo luqulathe ubuxoki obucacileyo malunga nengxelo yomntu oza kucela ukubhaliswa, indawo, okanye imbali yobuqu, enokuthi ivule ucango kwintelekelelo yotyhido.
  • Ukungaphumeleli kovukelo: ulawulo oluninzi lufuna uthungelwano lwezopolitiko ukuchaza ukuba bahlawulelwa bani; ukutyhala uvo lusoloko lufihla uxhaso lwazo.

Uphawu lwasemthethweni Nemithetho

EKhalifoniya: Ucelomngeni Lokubhukuqa Ngowama - 2012

Elinye lamatyala ajongwe ngokusondeleyo lavela eKhalifoniya ngo-2012 xa iqela labavoti kunye nemibutho yokusebenza ngoosomashishini yafaka ityala ngokuchasene nephulo lezobupolitika eliye lasebenzisa iindlela zokukhuthuza. Ityala lathi iphulo lisasaze iingxelo zobuxoki ngengxelo yovotisi yomntu ochasanayo nangehambo yobuqu ngomnxeba oye wafakwa njengoluvo. Abalawuli baphikisa ukuba oku kwaphula imithetho yonyulo yaseCalifornia, ekwalela ukusungula iphulo lokungayaziyo ukwenza iingxelo zobuxoki ngabachasi.

Eli tyala laphakamisa imibuzo ebalulekileyo yokuba ngaba ukunyanzelisa ukuvotelwa kwentetho kubumba uhlobo lwentetho olunandipha ukhuseleko olupheleleyo loMphetho wokuqala okanye enoba lungalawulwa njengoqheliselo loshishino olukhohlisayo. Ekugqibeleni inkundla yaseKhalifoniya yavumela elo tyala ukuba liqhubeke, ingavumi inyathelo lephulo lokulahla imibandela yokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo. Esi sigqibo sathumela umqondiso onyanzela ukuvotelwa kohlahlo onokuthi ujongene neziphumo ezinentsingiselo ezisemthethweni phantsi kwemithetho yonyulo.

Le meko ikwatsalele ingqalelo kubunzima bokubonisa umonakalo ngokunyanzelwa. Ngokungafaniyo nezibhengezo eziqhelekileyo, ukunyanzelisa ukuqhutyelwa kwemiboniso kusoloko kusenziwa ngabarhwebi abasebenzisa iinombolo zefowuni ezingaziwayo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba abarhwebi bafune ukukhangela umthombo kwaye babonise ukuba iingxelo zobuxoki ezicacileyo zabangela umonakalo ongenakuphindwa kwiphulo lomkhwelisi.

I-Florida: Isuti yodidi- lwendlela yo- 2015

EFlorida, ityala lodidi-action lonyaka wama-2015 laphawula ukuhlahlela okubalulekileyo kwimigudu engokwasemthethweni echasene nokunyanzelwa kovavanyo. Abavumi bamangalela ukuba uphando olunyanzeliswayo olwenziwa ngexesha logqatso lowiso-mthetho lwesizwe luqulathe usetyenziso oluyilelwe ukuphembelela isimilo sovotelo ngokungekho mthethweni. Isikhalazo sabonisa ukuba imibuzo yayikhokele kwaye iphosakele kangangokuba yafikelela ekuvoteni nasekucinezeleni kunye nokukhohlisa.

Eyona nto yenza le meko yabalasele yayiyisakhiwo sodidi-nzakalo: kunokuba umvoti okanye iphulo lokumangalela, umntu ngamnye ovoti wazisa isuti, bephikisa ngelithi ilungelo labo lokuthabatha inxaxheba kunyulo olulungileyo laye lancitshiswa. Imeko yaseFlorida yabalaselisa indlela ukunyanzela okungachaphazeleki ngayo kungekuphela nje abanyulwa kodwa ukholo lonyulo olubanzi kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi.

Ekugqibeleni eli tyala laconjululwa ngesivumelwano sokuba inkampani ehlolayo iya kusebenzisa iindlela ezinamandla zokutyhilwa ize iyeke ukusebenzisa iifomati ezithile zemibuzo. Ngoxa isigodlo singamiselanga imizekelo engqinelanayo esemthethweni, kwabonisa ukuba abahlali banokufumana unyango oluphathekayo ngolu xwebhu.

Ityala leKhomishini yoNnyulo oluManyano

Kumgangatho wesizwe, izikhalazo ezininzi ziye zabekwa kwiKhomishoni yoNqumo loManyano (FeC) ecel ’ umngeni izenzo zokunyanzelisa ukuvotelwa. La matyala ajolise ngokuyintloko kwiimfuno zokutyhilwa: umthetho wesizwe oyalela ukuba unxibelelwano lwezopolitiko luquke unxibelelwano oluquka ukuchaza abo bahlawulelayo. Uphando oluninzi lusoloko luzimela oku ngokuzibanga luphanda kunokuba luthi lubucala.

Ityala elibalulekileyo leFEC elibandakanya uhlanga oluphambili lomongameli 2016 apho i-PAC enkulu yatyholwa ngokuqhuba uphando olunyanzelisayo olungaquki amanqaku afanelekileyo adityanisiweyo. IFEC ebotshelelwe kwimigca yeqela, abakhomishinanisi abangakwazi ukuvumelana nokuba ukunyanzelisa ukucinezela kubumba "ukucinezela ukukhuphiswa kwesizwe" okumalunga nokutyhilwa kwemithetho. Le ntsimbi iphazamisa abahlaziyi bemi bokwenza i-FEC abafuni ukwenza into engekho mthethweni kumgangatho wolawulo.

Elinye ityala likarhulumente elibandakanya iFederal Trade Commission (FTC), elahlola ukuba ukunyanzelisa ukurhoxisa ukurhwebelana nge-stem. IFTC yagqiba kwelokuba ukutyhala ukukhuthuza akuyingeni kakuhle kwiinkcazelo zokurhweba ngocingo kuba abazami ukuzama ukuthengisa imveliso okanye inkonzo. Noko ke, eli qumrhu laphawula ukuba ukuba uphando olunyanzelwayo luquka iingxelo ezikhohlisayo, lungawa phantsi kolawulo lweFTC malunga nezenzo ezingekho ngqiqwele okanye ezikhohlisayo.

Izakhelo zomthetho zeFrames kunye neempendulo zoMgaqo-siseko

Ngenxa yokuba umgaqo wolawulo lokunyanzelisa uhlala ulinganiselwe, amazwana aye aba yindawo yokuqala yedabi locelomngeni olungokwasemthethweni. Amazwe amaninzi aye amisela imithetho ethile ejolise ekuqhutyweni kwemiqathango, ngoxa amanye exhomekeke kwimimiselo ebanzi yokulungisa ukuqhuba uqheliselo.

Amazwe Anemiqathango Ebangela Ukungahlali Kunye

Iqaqobana lamazwekazi linike ingcebiso yemithetho enyanzelisa uphando. Le mithetho ichaza ukunyanzela ukuvotelwa nokunyanzelisa iimfuno okanye imiqathango kwabo baqhuba unxulumano olunjalo:

  • Louisiana: Ifuna nabani na oqhuba uphando olunyanzelisayo ukuchaza igama lomntu okanye umbutho ohlawula umnxeba ekuqaleni kwencoko.
  • [[UMTL:0] Michigan: Iiprobits ezityhalela phambili uphando olusasaza ulwazi lobuxoki malunga nengxelo okanye iimfaneleko zomntu oza kubhaptizwa.
  • South Carolina: [ uhlaziyo olunyanzela uvo luquka ingxelo yokwahlula umxhasi nokucacisa ukuba ubizo asilulo uphando olusemthethweni.
  • [[FLT: 0] I-New Hampshire: Inenye yemithetho engqongqo, efuna ukuba ityhalela uphotho lutyhile injongo yazo zokwenyaniso kunye nokuziwa kombutho oxhasayo, kunye nesohlwayo sokwaphula umthetho.

Le mithetho karhulumente iye yajamelana neengxaki zomGaqo-siseko. Abachasi baphikisa ngelithi baphula amalungelo okuthetha ngokukhululekileyo ngokunyanzela izithethi zezobupolitika ukuba zityhile ulwazi okanye ngokumisela imiqathango equlethwe yimiyalezo yezopolitiko. Iinkundla zisoloko zixhasa iimfuno zokutyhilwa njengoko kuvumelekile phantsi kwemiqathango yokuHlaliswa koQala, kodwa imiqathango yeengxelo zobuxoki iye yathanda ukuphikisa. INkundla ePhakamileyo yase-U.INkundle yale iyavuma ukuba iingxelo zobuxoki kumaphulo zobupolitika zingalawulwa, kodwa umgangatho wokungqina ukuba zikhomba nenjongo echaphakasana.

Izenzo zonyanzelo nezithuba

Amagqwetha esizwe kunye namaqumrhu onyulo aye athabatha inyathelo lokunyanzelisa ukunyanzelwa kokuhlawuliswa kwemiqathango eyahlukeneyo. Ityala lisenokuquka intlawulo yasekuhlaleni, imiqathango ewiswayo yokubetha unxulumano olungakumbi, yaye kwezinye iimeko ukumangalelwa kolwaphulo-mthetho ngenxa yokwaphulwa komthetho wonyulo.

EOhio, i-ofisi yegqwetha jikelele yaphanda ngophando lonyaka ka-2018 olunyanzelisa abavoti abajoliswe kuhlanga lwemithetho yesizwe. Uphando lwaphumela kumyalelo oyalela umbutho oxhasayo ukuba uhlawule intlawulo ehlawulwayo kwaye uyeke ukuqhuba uphando olunyanzelayo kwiphondo ixesha elikhethekileyo. Ityala libonisa ukuba ukulungelelanisa ukunyanzeleka kolawulo olunentsingiselo, ingakumbi xa luxhaswa ngulawulo lwezopolitiko kunye noovimba abaneleyo.

Noko ke, ukunyanzelisa akuzange kuvumelane. Amazwana amaninzi aswele oovimba abanikezeleyo bokuphanda izikhalazo ezinyanzelisa ukunyuswa, kwaye ukungaziwa komsebenzi wophando olunyanzelisayo kwenza kube nzima ukutshutshiswa. Amaqela okhuphiswano acele ukuba asebenze ngamandla, kuquka amalungelo obuqu esenzo ebeya kuvumela abavoti okanye abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba bamangalelwe ngaphandle kokuthembela kubatshutshisi bakarhulumente.

Ukhuselo lwasemthethweni olusetyenziswa ngabarhwebi abarhwebisayo

Amasebe ephulo kunye namaqumrhu okuvota atyholwa ngokunyanzelwa okungekho mthethweni ngokukhutshwa kovavanyo kunyuse ukhuseleko olungokwasemthethweni oluninzi. Ukuqonda ezi mpikiswano kubaluleke kakhulu kuye nabani na ocinga ngokucingela ukuphethulwa okanye ukuphenjelelwa kwenyathelo lokuzingisa nxamnye nokucinezela:

  • Ukhuseleko loMphetho-mda wokuqala: [ Olona khuselo luqhelekileyo luthi ukunyanzela ukuphehlwa kumele kukhuselwe intetho yezobupolitika. Abameli baphikisa ngelithi nokuba imibuzo ikhokela okanye ibekelw'andle, ziseluhlobo lokuba umGaqo-siseko ukhusela kuthintelo lukarhulumente.
  • Iphepha lenjongo yokukhohlisa: Abamangalelwa abaninzi baphikisa ngelithi unxulumano lwabo lwaluluphando olusemthethweni, alukhohlisi. Baphikisa ngelithi ukubuza imibuzo ecacileyo akuyiyo injongo yokulahlekisa abavoti.
  • [[Uhlahlo: 0] Uphazamiso nomonakalo: naxa kuthethwa amatyala, abamangalelwa badla ngokuvavanya ukuba abamangalelwa bangangqina ukuba uthotho lokutyhalela lubangele umonakalo kwiphulo lomvolo okanye kwiziphumo zonyulo.
  • Isithethe sokuthetha esingaziwayo: Abanye abamangalelwa babiza isithethe sokuthetha okungaziwayo kwezobupolitika, bephikisa ngelithi ukufuna ukukhutshwa kwenkxaso kuphulukene nelungelo lokuthetha ngaphandle kokuzichaza kukarhulumente.

Iinkundla ziye zahlukene kwezi zizathu. INkundla Ephakamileyo iye yakholelwa ukuba intetho yezopolitiko engachazwanga inandipha ukhuseleko loMphengululo wokuqala, kodwa ikwaye yaqonda ukuba iimfuno zokutyhilwa zinokuthethelelwa ngokunyanzelisa izilangazelelo zikarhulumente, ezinjengokuthintela ubuqhetseba nokuxelela abavoti. Iziphumo zamatyala ngamanye zisoloko zixhomekeke kulwimi olukhethekileyo olusemthethweni neemeko ezichaphazelekayo ezibandakanyekileyo.

Imigangatho esesikweni kunye nemigaqo yokwalathisa

Ngaphandle kweemfuno ezingokwasemthethweni, imibutho yobuchule iye yamisela imilinganiselo yokuziphatha enyanzelisa ukuvotelwa kwentetho.

I-American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) ibisebenza kakhulu ekugwebeni ukunyanzelwa kovavanyo. Ikhowudi yemithetho yokuziphatha ye-AAPOR ifuna ukuba amalungu enze uphando "oluhle, olucacileyo, olunentlonelo" kwaye iyakunqanda ngokucacileyo ukusebenzisa uphando njengebhethri yokuzilolonga. I-APOR igcina uluhlu lwemibutho echaza njengebandakanyekayo ekucinezeleni ukhuthuzo, ukubiza ngokunempumelelo, ukubiza nokuchasa abachaphazeli.

I-American Association of Political Concensers (AAPC) ikwanemithetho yokuziphatha ekwalela uqheliselo lokukhohlisa, kuquka ukunyanzelisa ukukhuthuzwa. Ukungathobeli kunokuphumela ekugxothweni kwintlangano, nto leyo ebangela iziphumo ezichuliweyo kushishino lwezopolitiko lokucebisana.

Le migaqo yobuchule ekuhlaziyweni kwetyala kuba ingasetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihambo yommangalelwa iphambukile kwizenzo zoshishino ezamkelekileyo. Amangqina aphambili avela kuAPOR okanye iAAPC angangqina ukuba yintoni ebumba uphando lwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kunye nokunyanzelisa ukuphengulula, ukunceda iinkundla zivavanye ukuba ihambo ethile inqamleze imida esemthethweni.

Indima Yobugcisa Neengxaki Ezingokwasemthethweni

Utshintsho lobugcisa ludala imibuzo emitsha engokwasemthethweni malunga nokucinezelwa kokucinezela. Ii-rodocalls ezizenzekelayo kunye neenkqubo zokuphendula kwelizwi ezisebenzisanayo zenzile ukutyhalela phambili ukuvota okubiza kancinci nokulula ukukuthumela kwisikali esikhulu. Unyuko lwentyhalo yombhalo osekelwe kwinteleko yokucocelwa kunye nokufakwa kwezixhobo zezixhobo zekhompyutha zezentlalo-ntle kunezinye izicwangciso ezinzima ezisemthethweni zexesha lokufowunela iimfono eziphilayo.

Enye imbambano ephumayo engokwasemthethweni ibandakanya ukudibana kokunyanzelisa uphando ngemimiselo yoqhagamshelwano. I-Telefoni Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) ithintela unxulumano oluzenzekelayo kwicell phone kwaye ifuna imvume kwiintlobo ezithile zomnxeba. Abasebenzi beligosa baphikisa ukuba ukunyanzelisa uphando oluthunyelwa ngenkqubo esetyenziswa zi-ogxalasileyo kuchasene neTCPUA kuba ayilulo olusemthethweni okanye alulufuni unxibelelwano lwezopolitiko. Iinkundla ziye zafikelela kwizigqibo ezididididi, ngokuthi abanye bafanelekela ii-teoccocrals zezo zezobupolitika ukuba injongo yazo ikukurhweba okuyintloko kungoko.

Omnye umda ubandakanya ukuzimela kolwazi. Uphando loncedo lokurhwebisa ludla ngokuqokelela inkcazelo yobuqu kubantu abathe baphendula phantsi kohanahaniso olububuxoki, luphakamisa ukuphulwa kwemithetho yezobumfihlo karhulumente. Njengoko amatyala emisela imimiselo ebanzi yabucala njengeKhalifoniya Consumer Answers Act (CPA), enyanzela uphando oluqokelela nolwabelana ngenkcazelo yobuqu ngaphandle kokutyhilwa okufanelekileyo lungajongana nolwamkhethelo olusemthethweni oluthe kokugqibela.

Ukuphanda Ngemiphumo Yezobupolitika Nabaphandi

Ukuhlahlela okungokwasemthethweni okungqonge ukunyanzelisa uphando kuneziphumo ezibalulekileyo kumntu nabani na obandakanyekileyo kunxibelelwano lwezopolitiko okanye kuphando loluntu.

Umngcipheko ongokwasemthethweni uquka ityala loluntu lokunyeliswa okanye izenzo zokukhohlisa, intengo kunye nezigwebo eziphantsi kwemithetho yonyulo, izikhalazo ze-FEC ezinokuphazamisa iphulo, kunye nomonakalo odumileyo onokuthi ubangele abavoti nabanikeli bangabi natyala. Kwanaxa amatyala engaphumeleli kwityala elingokwasemthethweni, inkqubo yokukhusela ukuphehlwa inokuba ziindleko eziziindleko kwaye iphazamise.

Kubaphengululi abasemthethweni, ukwanda kokunyanzeliswa kophando kubangela iingxaki zobugcisa. Abasebenzi abachanabeke kwimiba yokuthoba iintsomi basenokungakuthandi ukuba nenxaxheba kuhlolisiso lokwenyaniso, ukucutha intsebenzo nokutshabalalisa ukuthembeka kophando. Abaphandi bamele bathabathe amanyathelo angakumbi okwahlula umsebenzi wabo ekunyanzeleni ukuphengulula, kuquka ukuzichaza ngokucacileyo, nokuchaza injongo yophando, nokunika inkcazelo yokunxibelelana ukuze kungqineke oko.

Izenzo ezintle eziliqela zinokubanceda abaphandi baphephe imigibe esemthethweni:

  • Usoloko uchaza intlangano exhasayo ekuqaleni kobizo okanye umyalezo oqokelela izimvo.
  • Sebenzisa amagama ombuzo ongondilele angathethi ukuba abaza kubhaptizwa okanye abaza kufumana imibandela abangayijongiyo.
  • Ukugcina iingxelo zezixhobo zophando kunye nolwazi oluphendulayo ukubonakalisa ukuthobela imigaqo esemthethweni neyokuziphatha.
  • Khangela ngesiluleko somthetho esinamava kumthetho wonyulo phambi kokundulula nasiphina isikali somvoti sikhulu kwinkqubo yokufikelela.
  • Qwalasela ukuthobela ngokuzithandela imilinganiselo yokuziphatha e-AAPC njengendlela yokubonakalisa isibopho sokholo kuphando olusemthethweni.

I-Outlook yexesha elizayo: Utyekelo lomthetho nophuhliso

Ulawulo olusemthethweni lokunyanzelisa ukuhlahlela lungaqhubeka lujikeleza. Izimo eziliqela zibonisa ukuba umthetho uza kuba ngowongamileyo kunokuba ube ngongaphantsi kwiminyaka ezayo:

Okokuqala, inkxalabo ekhulayo ngenkcazelo ephosakeleyo kumaphulo ezobupolitika iye yabangela umvukelo onamandla wemithetho yezopolitiko yoqheliselo lokukhohlisa. Inkxaso yeBhartishan kwimilinganiselo yokuthembeka konyulo iye yakhokelela amanye amazwe ukuba andise imithetho yawo yonyulo ukuze agqume ngokucacileyo. Ukugxininisa kwakutshanje ekungeneleni kwamanye amazwe kukwandisa ukuphazanyiswa kokucinezela okunokusetyenziswa ngabadlali bangaphandle abafuna ukulawula amaMelika abavoti.

Okwesibini, inkqubela-phambili yobugcisa ekuboneni ukuba ngabasebenzi abafumana iirekhodi nokufowuna inokwenza kube lula ukuba abalawuli bafumane kwaye bavavanye imisebenzi yokunyanzelisa. Imigudu ye-FCCCC ukuzalisekisa i-STIR/SHAKEN imigaqo-nkqubo yokulwa nokunyanzelisa ukuxinanisa iintsomi ze-lopocall kunokwenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukunyanzela abacutheli ukuba bafihle i-MFOSC kunye nemvelaphi yabo.

Okwesithathu, izigqibo zenkundla kwimimandla enxulumene nomthetho wezopolitiko zingaphembelela indlela enyanzelwa ngayo amatyala okuvota. Isigqibo seNkundla Ephakamileyo sokutyhilwa kwezemali, iingxelo zobuxoki kunyulo, kunye nentetho engaziwayo zonke zinokuba neziphumo ezinokwenzeka zokunyanzela uthotho lomthetho. Abameli kumacala omabini basenokuvavanya imida yemizekelo ekhoyo ngokusebenzisa igalelo eliqulunqileyo.

Ekugqibeleni, ukwanda kobuntlola bogcino-lwazi lwabavoti kungaqhubela amaphulo ekujolisweni ngakumbi nangakumbi kwiintlobo zonxibelelwano oluphazamisayo. Njengoko amaphulo ephuhlisa ubuchule bokwazi ukufanisa nokuchola umyalezo ngamnye oqulathwe ngokobuqu, umgca phakathi kwentshukumisa esemthethweni kunye nokuqhatha okusemthethweni. Iinkqubo zomthetho ziyakufuna ukuqhelanisa nokuthetha okutsha ngelixa kukhuselwano lwemithetho yezopolitiko.

Isiphelo

Uphando lokunyanzela lunendawo eninzi esemthethweni ekudibaneniseni kwentetho yezobupolitika, ukhuseleko lwabathengi, kunye nokuthembeka konyulo. Ngoxa lo mkhwa unandipha ukhuseleko oluthile phantsi koMphetho-mva wokuqala, iinkundla kunye nabalawuli baye baqonda ukuba unakho ukunqumla imigca esemthethweni xa kubandakanya iintetho zobuxoki, uqheliselo olukhohlisayo, okanye ukungavumelani neemfuno zentelekelelo. Umsebenzi wemithetho karhulumente kunye nokunyanzeliswa komthetho karhulumente okungangqinelaniyo kubangela ukungaqiniseki kwamaphulo kunye nokhetho, kodwa kwakhona unika amathuba ocelomngeni olusemthethweni notshintsho lwemithetho.

Kubo babandakanyeke kunxibelelwano lwezopolitiko, isifundo sicacile: ukuba bhetyebhetye nokunyaniseka akuyomfuneko nje engokokuziphatha kodwa kwaneemfuno ezisemthethweni. Ukuqonda imigaqo esemthethweni nokunamathela kwimigangatho yengcali kunceda amaphulo okuphepha ukukhutshelwa okubiza imali eninzi nokugcinwa kukholoselwa ngabavoti. Njengoko ubugcisa kunye namaqhinga ezobupolitika eqhubeka eguquka, ukuhlala waziswe ngenkqubela engokwasemthethweni kulo mmandla kuya kuhlala kubalulekile kuye nabani na oxabisa unyulo olulungileyo nolunentsingiselo ecacileyo.

Ukufundwa okubhekele phaya, bona amaxwebhu APOR kunyuso , izibonelelo ezisemthethweni kunxibelelwano lwezopolitiko, kunye nokhokelo lwebhodi yonyulo olukhoyo ngaphaya kwe Ingqungquthela yesizwe yeLegislatures.