Injongo Namandla Ebhaloti

Imodemokhrasi exhasa isiseko sedemokhrasi esebenzayo. Lilelona cebo elingqalileyo elisetyenziswa ngabemi abasebenzisa ulawulo lobukhosi, bakhethe abameli, kunye neenkqubo zoluntu. Kodwa, kwidemokhrasi ezininzi ehlabathini jikelele, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuye kwancipha, kwaye imibuzo ngempembelelo yokwenene yevoti-mvoti enye iyaqhubekeka. Ukuqonda intsingiselo yokuvota kufuna ukuba kuhlolisiswe indaleko yayo, abalungisi bayo abaluncedo, nemiqobo eqhubekayo ethintela ukuba nenxaxheba ngokupheleleyo.

Imbali Yamalungelo Abantu

Ilungelo lokuvota alizange linikwe ngokuzenzekelayo kubo bonke abantu abadala. EUnited States, irhafu yayilinganiselwe kumadoda amhlophe aphethe impahla. Kwiminyaka emininzi, uthotho lwezindululo zomGaqo-siseko kunye nomthetho wesibonelelo wandisa unyulo. UMthetho we-15th Amendment (1870) wakwalela ukukhanyelwa kwe-suffge esekelwe kuhlanga, nangona iirhafu zerhafu, iimviwo zovavanyo lokubhalisa, kunye noloyikisa ngokunelisayo ukurhoxiswa kwabemi abamnyama phantse ngenkulungwane. Ulungiso lwe 19 lweSinyuso somfako (1920) lwandisa amalungelo okuvota amabhinqa emva kokulwa kwamashumi eminyaka angamashumi eminyaka ekhokelwe ngamanani njengoSusan B. Anthony noElizabeth Cady Stanton.

ISinyuso se-26 se-19971 sathoba isigaba sovota saba ngu-18, siqhutywa yimpikiswano yokuba abo bakhule ngokwaneleyo ukuba bafumane imfazwe banokukwazi ukuvota. Kutshanje, uMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1965 wafuna ukuphelisa izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho, ngokungakumbi ngokufuna amagunya alawulayo nembali yokucinezelwa ukufumana imvume yangaphambili phambi kokuba kuguqulwe imithetho yokuvota. Kodwa ke, isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo ka-2013 kwi- iShelby v. Raker sabetha phantsi kwemithetho yomthetho yokuvota, nto leyo ikhokelela ekubeni kuvuselelwe imithetho ethintelayo kumthetho yokuvota ethintelayo kumaphondo amaninzi. Ukuqonda lembali kubalulekile ukuxabisa isigqibo sokurhoxakeka kwevota kodwa kufuneka kukhuselwe.

Uhlaziyo Oluyintloko Kwimbali YaseUnited States

  • 15th Amendment (1870): "Ilungelo labemi baseUnited States lokuvota aliyi kukhanyelwa okanye livalelwe nguUnited States okanye nguRhulumente ngenxa yobuhlanga, umbala, okanye imeko yangaphambili yobukhoboka" nangona oku, imithetho kaJim Crow yazicinezela ngokunempumelelo izivoti-Black Consoit kamashumi eminyaka.
  • [19th Amendment (20): Amabhinqa anelungelo lokuvota emva kokwenziwa i-rathiation ngamazwe angama-36. Uququzelelo lwamabhinqa lubandakanya i-projekthi yowiso-mthetho ne-aseartroot.
  • ... 26th Amendment (1971: Ithoba iminyaka yokuvota ukuya kwi 18, icaphula umgaqo wokuba abo baphantsi kwenkonzo yasemkhosini bafanele babe nelizwi ekukhetheni iinkokeli ezibathumela emfazweni.

Le miphumo ibonisa ukuba amalungelo okuvota aye afunyanwa ngokuzingisa kokungagunyaziswa nokulwa okusemthethweni. Sekunjalo, umlo wokufumana ulwazi kwindalo yonke uyaqhubeka, ngokukodwa kumaMerika Omthonyama, kubantu abaneziphene nababevalelwe entolongweni.

Ukubaluleka Kokunceda Kulawulo - melo Lwale Mihla

Ingxolo yilinchpin yokuziphendulela kwedemokhrasi. Xa abemi bevota, bathumela uphawu olucacileyo kubenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo: ukuba awumelani neemfuno zethu, siya kunibuyisela. Oku kuphendula kuyimfuneko kulawulo oluphendulayo. Ngaphezu koko, impembelelo yokuvota hayi nje ukuba ubani unegunya, kodwa kwanemibandela efumana ingqalelo. Amaqonga enziwe ngenqwelo-moya asekelwe kwinkxalabo yabavoti, intsingiselo engaguqukiyo isenokuguqula inkqubo. Umzekelo, ukujika okuphezulu phakathi kwabakhulu kuye kwanceda ukukhusela ukhuseleko lweNtlalo kunye neMedicareare, ngoxa ukujika kolutsha olusezantsi kukhokelela ekuqwalaleni kwetyala elincinane kumfundi okanye kwimozulu.

Umelo kunye noMgaqo-nkqubo

Amagosa aqatshelweyo amela abo baququzeleli kuphela ukuba abo bavoti. Kumazwe amaninzi, abemi abahamba kancinci bangaziboni iimfuno zabo. Ngokuchasene noko, abantu abavota ngamanani aphezulu bafumana igunya lezobupolitika, bakhusele inkxaso-mali yezikolo, izibonelelo, neenkonzo zentlalo. Impembelelo iyanda kukumiselwa kweekomiti zekomiti, amanyathelo okuchola, kunye nemithetho yasekuhlaleni. Kumazwe amaninzi, abemi bavota ngqo kwimicimbi efana nomvuzo omncinane, ukwenziwa komjuxuzo, inkqubo yerhafu esemthethweni, kunye nemigaqo-rhafu esetyenziswa ekuqululeni imigaqo-mali.

Ukufumana Amandla Ngokuthabatha Inxaxheba

Ukunika amandla abantu ngabanye ngokubenza banikezele ngamandla ekulawuleni kunokuba bafumane izigqibo ezingasebenziyo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba abantu abavota baqhele ukuvota, ukunikela, nokuthatha inxaxheba kwimibutho yoluntu. Lo "cbic" uqinisa ukuthembana kwentlalo kunye nokususa ingxaki edibeneyo. Kulutsha, amava okufaka ibhola yokulinganisa − qha, ingakumbi okwesihlandlo sokuqala. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba ukuvota kolwano loluntu: xa elinye ilungu lentsapho livota, abanye basenokuba balandela.

Ukuqhuba Imidlalo Encinane: Umsebenzi Onzima

Abantu abaselula (abaneminyaka eli-18-1829) baye bavota ngokwembali kunyulo lwamaqondo aphantsi kunalawo asele ekhulile, nangona ukunduluka kwanyuka ngo-2018 kunye no-2020. Ngokwe- ICIRCIR eTufts University[, ulutsha lurhoxa kunyulo lomongameli olufikelelwe malunga nama-50%, ukusuka kuma-39% ngo-2016. Ulwandiso lwakhuthazwa yimiba enjengenguqulo yemozulu, umpu, kunye nemithetho esesikweni yobuhlanga. Ukuqulusela lo mbutho kubalulekileyo ngenxa yokuba imikhwa yokuvota edla idla ngoku. Ukuba abafundisi kunye neenkokeli zoluntu zinokuba zinceda abantu abaselula bavotelela kwivoti yokuqala, bayaqhubeka.

Iingcamango Ezisebenzisekayo Zabafundisi

  • [[NTLT: 0] Faka iziganeko zangoku: Thelekisa amanyathelo okuchola, indawo zomvotelwa, kunye neenkqubo zokuvota njengenxalenye yohlelo lokufundela. Sebenzisa izinto ezingenapartis njenge 270toWin okanye Ballottedia ukuqwalasela iimaphu neenkupho ezikhethiweyo.
  • Ihlombe lobhaliso lwevoti: Imibutho yolutsha ingamisa iitafile ngexesha lesidlo sasemini okanye lezifundo. Iimeko ezininzi zivumela ubhaliso ngekhompyutha, kodwa kuncedo lwe-person zinceda ukoyisa imiqobo enzima. Uqikelelo lwangaphambili lwe 16 nolweshumi elinesixhenxe leminyaka ubudala lukhona kumazwe aliqela kwaye lunganciphisa ukurhoxa xa zijika 18.
  • Unyulo oluthe lwabhabha: unyulo lwe-Mock lunceda ukususa inkqubo. Abafundi bafunda ukuphanda, baqwalasele urhwebo, kwaye baphose ibhola yokuvota. Oku kusenzela isandla sinciphise ixhala kwaye sakhe intembelo.
  • Inxulumene nemicimbi yasekuhlaleni: Abavoti abaselula basoloko beziva bekhululekile kwezobupolitika zesizwe kodwa basenokukhathalela ngokunzulu ugqatso lwebhodi yesikolo yasekuhlaleni, imali yezithuthi, okanye ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke. Ukugxininisa olu qhagamshelwano kungakhuthaza ukuganana.

Inkqubela Yoluvo: Ukusuka kubhaliso ukuya kwibhokisi yebhola

Ukuqonda amatshaneli ovota kubalulekile ukuze umntu athathe inxaxheba ngolwazi. Nangona iinkqubo zohluka-hlukene ngokobuzwilane belizwe, ezininzi zilandela ulandelelwano olufanayo. Iivoter kufuneka kuqala zibhalise, ngokufuthi kwi-intanethi okanye ngeposi, ngeentsuku ezicwangcisiweyo eziqhelekileyo 15-30 phambi konyulo. Amanye amaphondo, njengo-Oregon, iWashington, iColorado, kunye namanye, anobhaliso oluzenzekelayo lwevota xa umntu efumana ilayisensele yokuqhuba. Emva kokuba u-Rhulumente kufuneka, uvoti-mbhini-bhete: fumana iingxelo zomvoti, funda iingxelo zomvoti, kwaye aqonde amanyathelo okuvota. Unombolo yevotislantis uyakwazi ukubhatah ukubhalisa amavotisi asuka kuMany Voters, amaphephandaba asekuhlaleni, kunye nee-oventies zokhetho.

Iindlela Zokuthumela: Iinketho noqwalaselo

  • [[NTL:0] Ukuvota kwi-inperson kumhla wokhetho: Indlela yesithethe. Ii Voter ziya kwindawo yazo yokuvota emiselweyo, zibonise uphawu ukuba luyimfuneko (imithetho eyahlukeneyo ngokwemeko), kwaye ziphose ibhola. Iimposiso zidla ngokuvula iiyure eziyi12/14, kodwa imigca inokubande kwiindawo ezijikayo eziphezulu.
  • [[NTL:0] Kuvotelwa kwangaphambili: Amazwana amaninzi anika ixesha phambi komhla wokhetho apho abavoti bangaphosa khona iibhola zokudlala kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo. Oku kunciphisa izihlwele zoSuku lokhetho kwaye kunika uvuselelo kwabo baneenkqubo ezixakekileyo okanye isithuthi esisikelwe umda.
  • Iposi- kwiposi (ngeposi- ngevote): Amanye amatyala athumela ngokuzenzekelayo iibhola kubo bonke abavoti ababhalisiweyo, lo gama abanye befuna isicelo. Uvotelo lweposi lunika abavoti ixesha lophando nokugcwalisa ibhola yabo ekhaya. Emva kokugqiba ibhola, umvoti kufuneka ayityikitye nge-emvulophu okanye ayibuyise ngeposi okanye uyilahle ngebhokisi yommiselo.

Indlela nganye inezikhuseli zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko, njengotyikityo, ukulandelela ikhowudi, kunye netsheyina eliphathekayo lenkqubo. IKhomishini yoNkqululo-mali ye-U.S. inika ukhokelo lokuqinisekisa ubume bakho bokubhalisa nokuqonda ukhetho lwakho.

Ukuncomela Amalungelo Nokufikeleleka: Iimfazwe Ezingapheliyo

Kwanasemva koMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1965, imiqobo ekuvotelweni iyaqhubeka. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amaphondo amaninzi aye amisela imithetho efuna ukuchongwa kwefoto, ethintela ukuvota kwasekuqaleni, okanye akhuphe iiroli zovota. Ngokutsho kwe Brennan Center yeJaji, imithetho ye-ID echaphazeleka ngokungenakulinganiswa, i-mntlukwana, kunye novoti abakhulileyo abanokuswela amaxwebhu afunekayo. Ngaphezu koko, iindawo zokuhlola ziye zavalwa kwimimandla ebanzi emnyama okanye e-Spalsh, nto leyo ikhokelela ekulindeni ixesha elide nokufikelela.

Ukufikeleleka kwabantu abakhubazekileyo kuselucelomngeni olubalulekileyo. Ngoxa uMthetho woncedo lwaseMelika Vote ka-2002 ufuna iindawo zokuvota ezifikelelekayo nezinikezelweyo ukuze zifumaneke ngoomatshini bokuvota, ukuthobela akulingani. Abasebenzi abafayo, abangakwazi ukuhamba kakuhle, okanye abangakwazi ukukwazi ukusebenza bangadibana nemiqobo efana neminyango emixinwa, ukunqongophala kwesandi, okanye ukudideka kwemiyalelo. Iintlangano ezifana ne- REVUP Campment[ umsebenzi wokubhalisa abavoti ngemiphetho kunye nabameli bokhetho abafikelelekayo.

Ucelomngeni Lokuhlaziya Ngenkulungwane Ye - 21

Phezu kwako nje ukwanda kwamalungelo okuvota, iingxaki eziphawulekayo zisongela umgaqo wokufikelela ngokulinganayo nonyulo olufanelekileyo.

Ubuchule bocinezelo lwegesi

Unyamezelo lwe Voter luthatha iindlela ezininzi, ukusuka kwimithetho engqongqo yokuchola, ukuya kukhuthuzo olunzima lwabavoti. Amanye amazwe aye avalwa iindawo zokuvota kwiindawo ezinabemi abaninzi, enyanzelisa abavoti ukuba bahambe imigama emide okanye balinde iiyure. Abanye baye banciphisa iintsuku zokuvota kwangethuba okanye ibhalothithisi elinganiselweyo yokulahla iibhokisi. Umthetho wonyulo lweGeorgia wama 2021, umzekelo, ubeka iimfuno ezintsha ze-ID zokuhamba kwevota, ukubeka iiyure kunye neendawo, kwaye ukwenza kube ngulwaphulo-mthetho ukunikezela ukutya okanye amanzi kulinde abavoti belinde emgceni. Ngoxa abaxhasi besithintela ezi zithintela ukuqhatha, ubungqina bubonisa ukuba kwi-perperrmition ayiqhelekanga. Isiphumo sokwenene sinqanda, ngokukodwa phakathi kwabantu abajongenemiqobo.

Inkcazelo

Iminyaka yamanani ibangele ukuba kusasazwe ngokukhawuleza izinto ezixokwayo ngokuvota, ezifana nemisebenzi ephosakeleyo yokucima ixesha elimisiweyo, iimfuno zobuxoki, kunye nezityholo zokuqhatha ezibangela ukungathembani. Amaphulo e-information anokuhlasela amaqela athile ngemiyalezo ethungelwayo ngezixhobo zentlalo, maxa wambi evela kubadlali bangaphandle. Ebudeni bonyulo lwama-202020, unyulo, iividiyo kunye nee-metam ezixoki zithethe ngobuxoki zathi ii-posi ezikwi-bolotte zilahlwa okanye oomatshini bokuvota bacima abarhoxiweyo barhoxiweyo. Iingxelo ezinjalo zingadida i-voti, zibangela ukuba zidide, okanye zikhoke kwiindawo zokuqokelela iindawo zokurhoxisa. Ukurhoxisa intetho kufuna imfundo yonxibelelwano kufunelwanolwazi, iprojectal ephuma kumagosa ootiventi, kunye nentssion kunye nentss phakathi kwezo zoburhulumente.

Iingcinga Zokufikeleleka Nezolwimi

Ukurhweba akufikeleleki ngokulinganayo kubo bonke. Abantu abaneziphene, abo bahlala kwiindawo zasemaphandleni ezinezithuthi ezisikelwe umda, nabantu abangenabuchule bungako bamaNgesi bonke abajamelene nemiqobo eyongezelelekileyo. UMthetho wamaLungelo ufuna amagunya athile ukunikezela ngeebhanki kunye noncedo lwamashumi amabini, kodwa imimandla emininzi ayiphumeleli ngokupheleleyo. Kuluntu lwe-Native American, umgama wokuhlola iindawo, ukunqongophala kweposi zasekhaya, nokunqongophala kwemiqathango karhulumente kudala imiqobo eyongezelelekileyo.

Ukulwa Nocelomngeni: Ukuhlanganisana Notshintsho

Ukulungisa ezi ngxaki kufuna umgudu oqhubekayo kumanqanaba amaninzi. Ukunyanzelisa imithetho ekwandiseni ukufikelela kunokuba iwuthintele. I-Our People Act (eyaziwa nangokuthi H.R. 1) ekwandiswe kwiKhonglamente ngo-2021 iyakumisela imilinganiselo yesizwe yokubhalisa ngokuzenzekelayo, ukuvota kwasekuqaleni, nokulungisa imo ye-octive, kodwa ayidlulanga. Kumgangatho wesizwe, njengeSizwana sabesifazane Voters, ACLU, kunye neSiko Somsebenzi wokulondoloza ukuvota ngokufaka i-ligi, ukurlasa, nokukhuthaza imfundo kawonke.

Iindima Zoluntu Nezokufundisa

  • Amaphulo emfundo aqhutywayo: [iisikolo, amathala eencwadi, kunye namaziko oluntu angafumana indawo ekubhaliswe kuyo, kucalulwe, kunye nolwamkelo lokuqonda. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezingangeni kwicala lecawa ukuphepha izityholo zokhetheko.
  • [[Unikezelo:0] noncedo: Ngomhla woNnyuso, amatsha - ntliziyo anganikezela ngenqwelo-moya kwindawo zokuvota, ancedise ngokuhamba, okanye uncedo ekuguquleni iibhola. Imimandla emininzi ivumela abaxhasi abamiselweyo ukuba bancede abavoti ngokukhubazeka.
  • [[NTLA] I-Monitoting kunye nengxelo: Iintlangano ezifana ne-Evolution Protectionlines ezisebenza ngokushushu apho abavoti banokuxela iingxaki, ezifana nolindo olude okanye ukoyikisa. Oothisha nabafundi bangathabatha inxaxheba njengesibonisi sonyulo ukuba baqeqeshwe kakuhle.
  • Ukungagunyaziswa kotshintsho: ukuxhasa amanyathelo afana nokuvota kwangethuba, ubhaliso olufanayo, nendawo yokuvota ezifikelelekayo. Bhala kumagosa anyuliweyo ngokubaluleka kwemithetho yonyulo esesikweni.

Isiphelo: Ilizwi Lakho Libalulekile

Ukuvota asiyonto nje eyenzekayo kwintlalo-ntle; kukubonakaliswa kombutho ngamnye kunye namandla ahlangeneyo. Ivoti nganye incedisa ekuchaphazeleni iziphumo zedemokhrasi kwaye ithumela umyalezo malunga nohlobo lwebutho labantu esifuna ukuhlala kulo. Kubafundisi- ntsapho, ukukhuthaza ukuqonda imbali yokuvota /its, abakhandi bayo, imingeni yabo, yimbopheleleko efikelela kude kude ngaphaya konyulo. Xa abafundi beqonda ukuba ilizwi labo linokubumba ikamva, basenokuba ngabathathi-nxaxheba kubomi bonke. Umlo wehlabathi lonke nofikelelo olulinganayo, kodwa inyaniso engundoqo iyaqhubeka: imicimbi yakho yokuvota, kwaye iphakamisa imibingelelo yabo balwela ukulunga.