Table of Contents
Ukuqonda amalungelo akho kwiimeko zamihla le kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko olulinganayo phantsi komthetho nokukhusela inkululeko yakho yabemi. Ukuba uyathenga kwivenkile yentengiso, usebenza nomthetho, okanye usebenza nje kwimisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla, ukwazi ukuba ukhuseleko lwakho olusemthethweni kukunika amandla okusabela ngokufanelekileyo nangentembelo xa kuvela iingxaki. Olu khokelo lunentsingiselo efunekayo ekhusela abantu kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zemihla ngemihla kwaye lunika ulwazi oluluncedo lokukunceda ukuba uhambele kwiimeko apho loo malungelo asenokuba asengozini.
Isiseko Sokhuseleko Olulinganayo Phantsi Komthetho
Ukhuseleko olulinganayo luthetha ukuba urhulumente kufuneka asebenzise imithetho yakhe ngokusesikweni kwaye akanakubaphatha abantu ngokwahlukileyo ngaphandle kwesizathu esivakalayo. Lo mgaqo, okhutshelwe kwiSigqibo seshumi elinesine soMgaqo-siseko weUnited States, usebenza njengesiseko somthetho wamalungelo abantu baseMerika.
Eyona nto yayibangela ukuba eli binzana liququzelele ukulingana kwamalungiselelo aqulethwe kuMthetho waMalungelo oMsebenzi wonyaka we-1866, owaqinisekisa ukuba bonke abemi bakhona babeza kuba nelungelo lokukhuselwa ngokulinganayo ngomthetho. Ngoxa ekuqaleni babejolise ekukhuseleni amalungelo abantu ababekade bengamakhoboka emva kwemfazwe yamakhaya, uKhuselo olulinganayo luka Claus luye lwavela ngokuphawulekayo ekuhambeni kwexesha ukuquka uludwe olubanzi lokhuseleko.
Ezona zisetyenziswa rhoqo----iligated-- ibinzana elikwisilungisi lithi "ukulingana nokhuseleko lwemithetho", olubala kakhulu kwiimeko ezininzi eziphawuliweyo, kuquka iBrown v. Ibhodi yemfundo (ucalucalulo), i-Roe v.Izigqibo zomkhuseli-mthetho zibonisa indlela imigaqo yokukhusela elingana ngayo kwinkalo nganye yobomi babantu.
Indlela Okunokukhuseleka Ngayo Kubomi Bamihla Le
Ukhuseleko olulinganayo alunakuze luzenze izahlulo ezifanelekileyo. Kuthetha ukuba urhulumente kufuneka abe nezizathu ezaneleyo, yaye kwiindidi ezithile, iinkundla zifuna uthethelelwa olunamandla ngokukhethekileyo. Esi siseko siqinisekisa ukuba ngoxa oorhulumente namaziko benokwenza umahluko ofanelekileyo phakathi kwamaqela abantu, olo calucalulo alunakuba lusekelwe kwiintlobo ezivaliweyo zocalulo.
Ukusetyenziswa kokhuseleko olulinganayo kudlulela ngaphaya kwesenzo sikarhulumente ukuze kuqukwe amaqumrhu amaninzi azimeleyo anceda uluntu. Ukuqonda apho nayiphi indlela asebenza ngayo la makhuselo kunokukunceda uqonde xa amalungelo akho esenokuphulwa kunye nokufumana kwakho uncedo.
Amalungelo asemthethweni kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke
Izithuba zikawonke-wonke neendawo zokuhlala zikawonke wonke ziindawo apho imigaqo yokukhusela isetyenziswa ngokulinganayo ingakumbi imihla ngemihla.
Into Ebangela Ukuba Kubekho Iindawo Zokuhlala
Kumthetho waseUnited States, iindawo zokuhlala zikawonke-wonke zichazwa ngokubanzi, enoba zizibonelelo okanye zizimele, ezisetyenziswa nguwonke-wonke. Imizekelo iquka izitore zentengiso, iindawo zokuqesha, iziko lemfundo, iindawo zokuzonwabisa, namaziko enkonzo.
Imithetho yendawo yokuhlala kawonke-wonke iquka izitore, iivenkile, iipaki, iihotele, iiofisi zoogqirha, kunye neebhanki. Le nkcazelo ibanzi ithetha ukuba inkoliso yemibutho yorhwebo kunye nabasebenzi benkonzo odibana nabo kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla ixhomekeke kwimithetho kawonke-wonke yokuhlala.
Ngaphantsi komthetho karhulumente, iindidi ezithile zezakhiwo zigqunywe ngokucacileyo. Indawo nganye kwezi zilandelayo yindawo yokuhlala kawonke-wonke kulo mxholo ukuba imisebenzi yayo ichaphazela ezorhwebo, okanye ukuba iyacalucalucalulo okanye iyaxhaswa yinkqubo kaRhulumente: (1) nayiphi na iinin, ihotele, okanye enye indawo enika iindwendwe indawo yokuhlala, ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esingaphakathi kwesakhiwo esineegumbi elingaphantsi kwezihlanu zokuqesha okanye iholo enyanisweni ehlala kwisakhiwo esithile esihlala kwisakhiwo esithile; (2) nayiphi na ivenkile, igumbi lokutyela, indawo yokutyela, indawo yokutyela, isidlo sasemini, i-fla, okanye enye indawo ethengisa ukutya okuthengiswayo kwizakhiwo, kuquka, kodwa okungalinganiselwanga kumakhaya amaziko akhoyo; okanye nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi na indlu ye-odolone; nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi na indlu yemidlalo, okanye enye indawo yokuzonwabisa, okanye enye indawo yokuzonwabisa.
Ukhuselo lokwahlula ucalucalulo kwimimandla yoluntu
Bonke abantu baza kunelungelo lokufumana ulonwabo olupheleleyo nolulinganayo lwempahla, iinkonzo, izibonelelo, amalungelo, kunye nendawo yokuhlala nayiphi na indawo kawonke-wonke, njengoko kuchazwe kweli candelo, ngaphandle kocalulo olusekelwe kuhlanga, ibala, unqulo, okanye imvelaphi yesizwe. Olu khuselo, olumiselwe nguSihlomelo II soMthetho wamaLungelo ka1964, luseka isiseko somthetho karhulumente wendawo kawonke-wonke.
Ngaphantsi komthetho karhulumente wase-United States, indawo yokulala kawonke-wonke kufuneka ifikeleleke kwabakhubazekileyo kwaye isenokungacalucalulwa ngesizinzi so`uhlanga, umbala, unqulo, okanye imvelaphi yesizwe". AmaMerika anesiphene soMthetho (ADA) andisa ngakumbi ukhuseleko ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntu oneziphene uyakwazi ukungena.
Akukho mntu uya kucalucalulwa ngokuchasene nokukhubazeka okupheleleyo nokulinganayo ekunandiphekeni kweempahla, iinkonzo, izibonelelo, amalungelo, iingenelo, okanye indawo yokuhlala yayo nayiphi na indawo kawonke-wonke ehlalayo ngumntu oqeshweyo (okanye oqeshiweyo) okanye osebenza kwindawo yokuhlala kawonke-wonke. Oku kuthetha ukuba amashishini kufuneka anike indawo yokuhlala elungeleleneyo kwaye aqinisekise ukuba izakhiwo zawo zifikeleleka kubantu abanesiphene.
Ukhuseleko lokuhlala kukarhulumente olukumgangatho
Amazwe amaninzi anikela ukhuseleko olungaphaya komthetho wesizwe. Onke amaphondo asemthethweni kawonke-wonke wokuhlala ayaluthintela ucalucalulo ngezizathu zohlanga, ubufana, umnombo nonqulo. Noko ke, iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ezikhuselweyo ziyahluka ngokwemeko yesizwe, amanye amazwe anikela ukhuseleko olubanzi kunamanye.
Ngo-2015, ama-45 anezikhundla ezichasene nolwaphulo-mthetho ezisemthethweni ezisemthethweni kubantu abangakhubazekileyo. Imithetho yonke ikhusela ucalucalulo olusekelwe kuhlanga, ubufana, ubuhlanga, kunye nonqulo. Amanye amazwe aye andisa ukhuseleko lwawo ukuze aquke iindidi ezongezelelweyo ezifana nobudala, imbonakalo yesondo, kunye nokuzichaza kwamabhinqa.
Ukuqonda Ukuba Ucalucalulo Lukwindawo Abantu Abahlala Kuyo
Jikelele, ucalucalulo lweendawo zokuhlala lukawonke-wonke luyenzeka xa umntu engavumi ukungena kwizakhiwo okanye kwinkonzo yeshishini okanye kwenye indawo kawonke-wonke, kuquka urhulumente wasekuhlaleni norhulumente. Kunokwenzeka xa iinkonzo zingamkeleki, njengaxa umntu engavumi ukuvuma. Kunokwenzeka naxa umntu ekhanyelwa inkonzo efanayo nabanye abayifumanayo; umzekelo, ukuba bathenjiswe ixabiso elahlukileyo okanye banikwa inkonzo engaphantsi.
Ukuqonda ukuba lunjani ucalucalulo kunokukunceda wazi ukuba amalungelo akho aphulwayo. Imizekelo yocalucalulo olungekho mthethweni kwizindlu zikawonke wonke iquka ivenkile yokutyela engafuniyo ukuncedisa abathengi ngenxa yobuhlanga okanye unqulo lwabo, ihotele ethengisa amanani awahlukeneyo asekelwe kwimvelaphi yesizwe, ivenkile ethengisa izinto ezikhanyela inkonzo yomntu ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwabo, okanye iholo yemidlalo yemidlalo engavumiyo ukuvuma ukuba umntu ungowabhin ’ iphele okanye isimilo sakhe apho ucalucalucalulo olunjalo lungavumelekanga khona.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba akukho mthethweni ukucalucalula umntu ngenxa yokuba echase ucalulo olungekho mthethweni, efake isikhalazo okanye encedile ekuphandeni. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yimpindezelo, yaye umthetho ukhusela abo bachasayo ihambo engekho mthethweni.
Amalungelo Ngexesha Lokungenelela Nomthetho
Ukuqonda amalungelo akho xa unxulumana namagosa amapolisa okanye abanye abasebenzi bomthetho kubalulekile ekuzikhuseleni nasekuqinisekiseni ukuba amavane ayaqhubeka ngokusemthethweni. UmGaqo-siseko unika ukhuseleko oluninzi olubalulekileyo olusebenza ngexesha lonxibelelwano lwamapolisa, kwaye ukwazi la malungelo kunokukunceda uziphathe kakuhle ezi meko ngentembelo.
Ukukhuselwa komGaqo-siseko ngexesha lokudibana kwamapolisa
Izilungiso eziliqela zoMgaqo-siseko wase-U.S. zinikela ukhuseleko ebudeni bokunyanzeliswa komthetho. Uhlaziyo lwesine lukhusela ekuphandweni okungekho ngqiqweni nokuxhuzula, uHlomelo lwesihlanu lunika ilungelo nxamnye nokuziphikisa, kwaye uHlaziyo lweSithandathu luqinisekisa ilungelo lokunika icebiso elingokwasemthethweni kwiingxoxo zolwaphulo-mthetho.
Ilungelo lokuhlala uthe cwaka yenye yezona ndlela zingundoqo zokukhusela onayo ngexesha lokudibana kwamapolisa. Eli lungelo lisuka kukhuseleko loMgaqo-nkqubo wesihlanu ozikhuselayo nxamnye nokuzichasa. Akusoloko kufuneka ukuba uphendule imibuzo evela kumthetho onyanzelisayo ngaphandle kokunika ulwazi olusisiseko kwiimeko ezithile. Ukusebenzisa eli lungelo akunakusetyenziswa nxamnye nawe njengobungqina bokwenza ityala.
Ilungelo Lokumela Umthetho
ISithandathu IsiHlanziso siqinisekisa ilungelo lokuba negqwetha elikho ngexesha lokuncinwa kwetyala lejaji nelolwaphulo-mthetho. Ukuba uncinwa ngamapolisa kwindawo yokugcina umntwana, unelungelo lokucela igqwetha, kwaye kufuneka ume de igqwetha lakho libe likho. Ukuba awunakukwazi ukuhlawula igqwetha, umele unikwe ityala elingahlawulwanga kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho.
Kubalulekile ukucela ilungelo lakho elicacileyo nacacileyo kwigqwetha ukuba ufuna ukulisebenzisa. Kulula ukuthi "Ndifuna ukuthetha negqwetha" okanye "Ndifuna igqwetha lam libekho" kwanele. Xa uthe wabiza eli lungelo, ukunyanzelisa umthetho makuyeke ukubuza de igqwetha lakho lifike.
Ukuqonda Iindidi Ezahlukeneyo Zokudibana Kwamapolisa
Asikuko konke ukunxibelelana namapolisa okufanayo, kwaye amalungelo akho asenokuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela enokubakho ngayo. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zokudibana kwamapolisa: amavanyane aphakathi, ukuma kwamapolisa (kwaye kwaziwa ngokuba yiTerry misa), kunye nokubanjwa. Udidi ngalunye lubandakanya amanqanaba ahlukeneyo egunya lamapolisa namalungelo abantu.
Ngexesha lokudibana komcimbi, ukhululekile ukuba uhambe kwaye akufuneki ukuba uphendule imibuzo. Ukuma kophando kuyenzeka xa amapolisa erhanela ukuba ubandakanyekile kumsebenzi wolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngexesha lokuma okunjalo, ungabanjwa kancinci kwaye umphathi angaqhuba isingxengxezo esisikelwe phantsi sezixhobo ukuba uxhotyiswe ngokusengqiqweni. Ukubanjwa kwenzeka xa amapolisa enesizathu esifanelekileyo sokukholelwa ukuba wenze ulwaphulo-mthetho, kwaye awukhululekilenga ukuhamba.
Amalungelo Abhekiselele Kuphando
UMthetho weSine wokuHlaziya uyakukhusela ekuphandeni ngokungekho ngqiqweni nasekuxhuzuleni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amapolisa afuna imvume yokuphengulula ikhaya lakho, umntu wakho okanye impahla yakho. Noko ke, kukho izinto ezininzi ezingafaniyo kule mfuneko, kuquka ukuphengulula isiganeko sokubanjwa ngokusemthethweni, ukuphanda ngemvume esemthethweni, ukuphanda ngezithuthi phantsi kweemeko ezithile, kunye neemeko zongxamiseko.
Unelungelo lokungavumi ukuphengulula ukuba amapolisa akanalo isiqinisekiso. Ukuba ipolisa licela ukuphendla inqwelo-mafutha yakho, ikhaya, okanye impahla yakho, ungayeka ngokuzolileyo ngokuthi "Andivumi ukuphengulula". Noko ke, ukuba amapolisa anesiqinisekiso esisemthethweni okanye ukuba kukho into esebenzayo ngaphandle kwemvume, angenza uphengululo kwangaphandle kwemvume yakho.
Ukudibana Kwamapolisa
Kwiimeko ezininzi, unelungelo lokurekhoda amapolisa ewenza imisebenzi yawo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, lo gama nje ungaphazamisani nomsebenzi wawo. Eli lungelo liqwalaselwe ziinkundla ezininzi njengovavanyo olubalulekileyo kumandla amapolisa nendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba amagosa anokuphendula. Noko ke, imithetho engqalileyo isenokuhluka ngokwamandla, ngoko kubalulekile ukuqonda imithetho yasekuhlaleni.
Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba amalungelo akho aphulwe ngexesha lokudibana kwamapolisa, bhala yonke into ongayikhumbula ngokukhawuleza, kuquka amagama amagosa kunye namanani ebheji, ixesha nendawo yokudibana, oko kwathethwa, amagama kunye nolwazi lokuqhagamshelana nawo nawaphi na amangqina. Olu xwebhu lunokuba lubalulekileyo ukuba ugqiba ukufaka isikhalazo okanye ukusukela isenzo esisemthethweni.
Amalungelo Nezikhuseli Emsebenzini
Imisebenzi yenye indawo enzima apho kuyimfuneko ukuwaqonda amalungelo akho. Imithetho yesizwe neyaserhulumente ikhusela abasebenzi abaninzi, iphelisa yonke into esusela kucalucalulo nokukhathazwa, imivuzo, iimeko zokusebenza, nokhuseleko. Ukwazi la malungelo kukunceda ukwazi ukuvuma ukwaphulwa kwemithetho uze wenze into efanelekileyo xa kuyimfuneko.
Ukukhuselwa Kucalucalulo Lomsebenzi
Isihloko se-VII soMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1964, ngumthetho oyintloko karhulumente olwalela ucalucalulo lwemisebenzi. Kukwenza kube okungekho mthethweni ngabaqeshi ukuba bacalucalulwe ngabaqeshwa okanye abafaki-zicelo bemisebenzi ngenxa yebala, ibala, unqulo, isini, okanye imvelaphi yesizwe.
Ingcamango yocalucalulo ngokwesini phantsi kweSihloko VII iye yachazwa ngokubanzi njengequka ucalucalulo olusekelwe ekukhulelweni, ekuhlukunyezweni ngokwesini, kwaye, kwizigqibo zeNkundla Ephakamileyo yakutshanje, ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwimbonakalo yesini nakwindlela yokuba neentlobano zesini. Oku kuthetha ukuba abaqeshi abanakwenza izigqibo zemisebenzi ezisekelwe kwezi mpawu okanye badala imeko echaseneyo yomsebenzi enxulumene nabo.
Ezinye Iimpawu Zokhuseleko
Ngaphaya kweSihloko VII, eminye imithetho karhulumente ikhusela iimpawu ezongezelelekileyo. I-Age Discrection in Act (ADEA) iyalwalela ucalucalulo kwabaqeshwa nabasebenzi abaneminyaka engama-40 ubudala okanye ngaphezulu. AmaMerika aneMithetho ekhubazekileyo (ADA) athintela ukucalucalulwa kwabantu abafanelekayo abaneziphene kwaye afuna abaqeshi ukuba bafumane indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo ngaphandle kokuba ukwenza oko bekuya kubangela ubunzima obungeyo.
IGenerictic Information Nondicrinication Act (GINA) ilwalela ucalulo olusekelwe kwinkcazelo yemfuza, kuquka imbali yezempilo yentsapho. I-Prepanal Discrimination Act, ukutshintshwa kweSihloko-mthetho VII, ngokungqalileyo kuyaluthintela ucalucalulo olusekelwe ekukhulelweni, ekuzaleni okanye kwiimeko ezinxulumene nezonyango. Amaphondo amaninzi nemimandla emininzi inikela ukhuseleko olungakumbi olungaphaya kwale mithetho yesizwe, egqubulisa iimpawu ezifana nemeko yomtshato, imicimbi yezobupolitika, okanye ezinye iinkalo.
Ukuqonda Ukukhathazwa Emsebenzini
Ukukhathazwa kuluhlobo oluthile localucalulo oluchasene nemithetho yamalungelo abantu. Ukukhathazwa emsebenzini kuba kokungekho mthethweni xa ukunyamezela ihambo ehlasimlis ’ umzimba kuba yimeko yokuqhubeka nomsebenzi, okanye xa ihambo ingqongqo okanye isasazeke ngokwaneleyo ukuba kubangele ukuba umntu onengqondo acinge ukuba uyakoyikisa, ukhohlakele okanye uxhaphaza.
Ukukhathazwa kusenokuquka amaqhulo ahlab ’ umxhelo, amahlebo, ukukhwaza okanye ukukhwaza, ukuhlasela okanye ukusongela, usongelo, ukugculela okanye ukugculela, ukukrwada okanye ukugxobha, izinto ezihlazisayo okanye imifanekiso, kunye nokuphazamisana nomsebenzi. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba umhlukumezi angaba ngumphathi, umsebenzi okanye umqeshi, okanye kwanomntu ongengomqeshwa.
Abaqeshi banembopheleleko esemthethweni yokuthintela ukukhathazwa emsebenzini. Ukuba ukhathazwa, kufuneka uxele ngendlela yomqeshi wakho okanye umphathi wakho. Ukuba umqeshi wakho akasithathi nyathelo lifanelekileyo, ungafaka isityholo kwiKhomishoni ye-Active Opportunity (EOC) okanye kwisebe lomsebenzi elifanelekileyo lorhulumente wakho.
Imali kunye namaLungelo eeyure
I-Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) imisela intlawulo encinane, intlawulo engaphaya komsebenzi, ugcino-mali, kunye nemigangatho yokusebenza kwabantwana ngexesha elipheleleyo nangexesha elingephi abasebenzi kwicandelo labucala nakwimimandla yorhulumente, urhulumente, noorhulumente basekuhlaleni. Phantsi kweFLSA, abasebenzi abangaphelelwanga zilahleko kufuneka bahlawule ubuncinane umvuzo wemali encinane karhulumente kuzo zonke iiyure ezisebenzayo nokuhlawula ixesha elongezelelekileyo ngesantya esinye nesiqingatha somlinganiselo wabo othe rhoqo weyure ezisetyenzwe ngaphaya kwama-40 kwiveki yomsebenzi.
Amaphondo amaninzi anemithetho yawo yemivuzo encinane, kwaye xa yombini imithetho karhulumente neyorhulumente isebenza, abaqeshwa banelungelo lomvuzo ophezulu. Abaqeshi kufuneka bagcine iingxelo ezichanekileyo zeeyure ezisebenzayo nezihlawulwayo, kwaye abaqeshwa banelungelo lokufikelela kwezi ngxelo. Ulwaphulo-mthetho luquka ukungaphumeleli ukuhlawula intlawulo encinane, ukungaphumeleli ukuhlawula umsebenzi owengeziweyo, okanye ukufuna ukuba basebenze ngentsimbi ephezulu, akuvumelekanga kwasemthethweni kwaye kunokuthi kuxelwe kwiSebe le-Orrage ne Hour Division.
Amalungelo oKhuseleko Emsebenzi
I-Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) ifuna abaqeshi ukuba banike indawo yomsebenzi engenazingozi ezikhoyo ezibangela ukufa okanye eziyingozi emzimbeni. Abaqeshi banelungelo lokuya kwindawo ekhuselekileyo emsebenzini, ilungelo lokufumana uqeqesho malunga neengozi emsebenzini, ilungelo lokufumana iingxelo zomonakalo nezifo ezinxulumene nomsebenzi, kunye nelungelo lokufaka isikhalazo ku-OSHA ukuba bakholelwa ukuba kukho iimeko ezikhuselekileyo okanye ezingokwasemzimbeni emsebenzini wabo.
Okubalulekileyo kukuba abaqeshi abakwalelwe ukuziphindezela kubaqeshwa abasebenzisa amalungelo abo phantsi kwe-OSHA. Oku kuthetha ukuba awunakugxothwa, ukhutshwe, okanye ubohlwaywe ngokuxela inkxalabo yokhuseleko, ukukhupha isikhalazo se-OSHA, okanye ukuba nenxaxheba kuhlolo lwe-OSHA. Ukuba ucinga ukuba ukhe wajongana nempindezelo yokuphakamisa inkxalabo yokhuseleko, ungafaka isikhalazo sempepho ku-OSHE.
Iintlawulo Zentsapho Nezamayeza
IThe Family and Medical Sick Act (FMLA) inika abaqeshwa abafanelekileyo abaqeshwa abanokuhlawulwa, abakhuselwe emsebenzini ngenxa yezizathu ezicacisiweyo zentsapho nezezonyango. Abasebenzi abanokukwazi ukuthatha iiveki ezili-12 zekhefu kwinyanga ezili-12 zokuzalwa okanye ukutholwa komntwana, ukunyamekela iqabane, umntwana, okanye umzali onemeko enzulu yempilo, okanye okwimeko enzulu yempilo yomqeshwa ongakwaziyo ukusebenza.
Ngexesha lekhefu leFMLA, abaqeshi kufuneka bagcine i-inshorensi yempilo yomqeshwa phantsi kwemiqathango efanayo ngokungathi umqeshwa uqhubeke esebenza. Xa bebuya kwikhefu leFMLA, abaqeshwa kufuneka babuyiselwe kumsebenzi wabo wantlandlolo okanye kumsebenzi olinganayo onentlawulo elinganayo, iingenelo, nezinye iimfuno kunye neemeko zomsebenzi. Amanye amaphondo anika intsapho nekhefu lezezonyango ngaphezulu koko kufunwa ngumthetho wesizwe.
Amalungelo Anxulumene Nokuhlala Nomntu Ofanelekileyo
Phantsi koMthetho we-Merika oneScrebral Act, abaqeshi kufuneka banike abasebenzi abafanelekayo abakhubazekileyo indawo yokuhlala ngaphandle kokuba ukwenza oko bekuya kubangela ubunzima obungeyomfuneko kumqeshi. Izindlu ezifanelekileyo kukutshintshwa okanye ukuhlenga-hlengiselwa emsebenzini, imeko-bume yomsebenzi, okanye indlela izinto ezidla ngokwenziwa ngayo ukuze umntu ofanelekayo onesiphene aphumeze imisebenzi ebalulekileyo.
Imizekelo yeendawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo iquka ukwenza ukuba iindawo zokuhlala ezikhoyo zifumaneke, ukuhlelwa kwakhona komsebenzi, ucwangciso lomsebenzi olulungisiweyo, ukufumana okanye ukulungisa izixhobo, ukubonelela ngabafundi abafanelekayo okanye abatoliki, kunye nokuphinda kutyikityelwe kwindawo engenamntu. Inkqubo yokuhlala iyasebenzisana, ithetha abasebenzi nabaqeshi kufuneka babe nenxaxheba kwingxoxo yokufumanisa ukuba kuphi indawo yokuhlala efunekayo nokusengqiqweni.
Amalungelo eendlu nokhuseleko lwezindlu
Imithetho yezindlu entle ikhusela abantu ekukhetheni xa beqeshiwe, bethenga, okanye befumana imali yokuxhasa indlu. UMthetho weFair Houses aweyileli ukuba abantu bakhethe izindlu ezisekelwe kwibala, ibala, imvelaphi yesizwe, unqulo, isini, isikhundla sobufama, kunye neziphene. Le migaqo isebenza kwizindlu ezininzi, kuquka ukuqesha, ukuthengisa, ukuboleka imali yendlu, neminye imisebenzi enxulumene nezindlu.
Oko Kugutyungelwa Yimithetho Yezindlu Entle
Imisebenzi yezindlu entle isebenza kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo enxulumene nezindlu. Akuvumelekanga ukuba kucalulwe ekuthengisweni okanye ekuqeshweni kwezindlu, ekubhengezeni ukuthengiswa okanye ukuqeshwa kwezindlu, ekuxhaseni kwemali yezindlu, ekuboneleni ngeenkonzo zefama, okanye ekuncomeni indawo yokuhlala. Ucalucalulo lungathatha iintlobo ezininzi, kuquka ukungavumi ukuqesha okanye ukuthengisa izindlu, ukumisela iindawo ezahlukeneyo okanye iimeko zezindlu, ukulungiselela iinkonzo okanye iindawo zokuhlala, ukukhaba izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo, ukukhanyela ngobuxoki ukuba indlu ikhona, okanye ukurholela abantu kwimimandla ethile esekelwe kwiimpawu ezikhuselekileyo.
Izindlu kunye nokulungiswa okufanelekileyo
Ngaphantsi kwemithetho yezindlu elungileyo, abagcini bezindlu kufuneka benze indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo ngokwemithetho, iinkqubo, iindlela, okanye iinkonzo xa kuyimfuneko ukuthenga umntu onesiphene esilinganayo ukuba asebenzise kwaye ahlale kuyo. Umzekelo, umnini-ndlu kufuneka avumele izilwanyana zifumane uncedo nakukungabikho sakhiwo seplatifomu, okanye avumele indawo egciniweyo yokupaka imoto kufutshane nomntu onemida yokuhamba.
Ukongezelela, abanikazi bezindlu kufuneka bavumele utshintsho olusengqiqweni kwindawo yokuhlala okanye eqhelekileyo xa kuyimfuneko ukuba umntu onesiphene sisetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye anandiphe indlu. Ngoxa abaqeshi benoxanduva lwendleko yotshintsho kwindlu yokuqesha, kwezinye iimeko kusenokufuneka ukuba abemi bezindlu bahlawulele utshintsho kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo. Kwizindlu ezininzi, abakhi kufuneka baquke iimpawu ezithile zokufikelela.
Ukhuseleko lobuzwe olungaqhelekanga
ISimiselo soKhuselo seFair House Act esisekelwe kumgangatho ophezulu sithetha ukuba abagcini bezindlu abanakucalula iintsapho ezingaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 ezihlala nabazali okanye abagcini abasemthethweni, abafazi abakhulelweyo, okanye abantu abagcina abantwana bengaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18.
Kukho iinketho ezisikelwe umda kwimiqathango yefamali, ngokuyintloko kwizindlu ezenzelwe abantu abadala ngokukhethekileyo. Izindlu zabantu abadala ziquka izindlu ezilungiselelwe abantu abadala nezilawulwa kuphela ngabantu abaneminyaka engama-62 okanye abakhulileyo, okanye izindlu ezilungiselelwe ukuhlaliswa nokwenziwa komntu omnye ubuncinane iminyaka engama-55 okanye ngaphezulu kwiyunithi nganye, apho ubuncinane ama-80% eyunithi asetyenziswa ubuncinane ngumntu omnye okanye ngaphezulu.
Amalungelo emfundo nokufikelela ngokulinganayo
Abafundi banelungelo elibalulekileyo lokulingana namathuba emfundo angenakhethe. Isihloko VI soMthetho wamaLungelo e-Civil Arct silwalela ucalucalulo olusekelwe kuhlanga, imibala, okanye kwimvelaphi yesizwe kwiinkqubo nakwimisebenzi yokufumana uncedo lwemali karhulumente, oluquka izikolo ezininzi zikarhulumente nezikolo ezininzi zoburhulumente.
Ukukhuselwa Kocalulo Ezikolweni
Izikolo azinakukhetha abantu abakwizibhedlele, abaqeshwa, abancediswa ngemali, abancedisi, abafundi, amacebiso nokhokelo, uqeqesho, umsebenzi weklasi, isikolo, imfundo yengqesho, ukuzonwabisa, imidlalo, imidlalo okanye umsebenzi.
Abafundi abaneziphene baneminye imiqathango engakumbi phantsi koMthetho weDrugles Division Education Act (IDEA), iCandelo lama-504 loMthetho we-Rehabilitation, kunye namaMerika anoMthetho weNguqu-guquka. Le mithetho iqinisekisa ukuba abafundi abaneziphene bafumana imfundo efanelekileyo kawonke-wonke kummandla ophantsi ongqongqo, kunye neendawo zokuhlala neenkonzo eziyimfuneko ukuze bahlangabezane neemfuno zabo.
Amalungelo Afanelekileyo Kwimfundo Yasesikolweni
Abafundi kwizikolo zikawonke-wonke banamalungelo afanelekileyo enkqubo phambi kokuba bajongene neziphumo ezinzulu zoluleko. Oku kubandakanya ilungelo lokuqaphela izityholo ezinxamnye nabo, ukucaciswa kobungqina, kunye nethuba lokunikela icala labo ngeli bali. Kwizenzo ezinzulu ngakumbi ezifana nokugxothwa okanye ukugxothwa okude, iinkqubo ezisesikweni ezininzi zisenokufuneka.
Ukuncomela Amalungelo Nokuthabatha Inxaxheba Kwezobupolitika
Ilungelo lokuvota lisisiseko sokuthabatha inxaxheba kwidemokhrasi, kwaye imithetho emininzi ikhusela eli lungelo. UmThetho wokuBonga Amalungelo oLuntu uyalwalela ucalucalulo lobuhlanga ekuvoti, lo gama iNational Voter Bribacture Act yenza kube lula ukuba abemi abafanelekileyo babhalise ukuvota. UMthetho weHelp American Vote umisela imilinganiselo encinci kumazwe kwiindawo ezininzi ezingundoqo zolawulo lonyulo.
Ukukhuselwa Kocalucalulo
Akuvumelekanga ukuba kukhethwe abantu abachongiweyo ngenxa yohlanga, imibala okanye ubulungu kwiqela elincinane lolwimi. Ama-odolo nemimandla ayinakusebenzisa uqheliselo lokuvota okanye iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwezi mpawu. Oku kuquka ukukhuselwa kwizenzo ezidambisa amandla okuvota amancinane, njengamacebo athile okuhlaziya okanye iinkqubo zokunyulwa ezithintela abavoti abambalwa ukuba banganyuli abanyuli babo.
Abasebenzi abakhubazekileyo banelungelo lokufumana indawo yokuvota efikelelekayo kunye neenkqubo zokuvota. UMthetho woNcedo waseMelika Vote ufuna ukuba iindawo zokuvota zifikeleleke ngokwasemzimbeni kwaye ubuncinane inkqubo enye yokuvota efikelelekayo ifumaneke kwindawo nganye yokuvota. Abavoci abafuna uncedo ngenxa yesiphene okanye ukungakwazi ukulesa okanye ukubhala bangafumana uncedo kumntu okhethelweyo, ngaphandle kokukhetha okulinganiselweyo.
Ukhuseleko nxamnye nokusothulwa komoya
Umthetho karhulumente uyalela ukoyikisa, ukusongela, okanye ukunyanzela nabani na ukuba avote okanye azame ukuvota, okanye ancede abanye ukuba bavote. Oku kuquka ukuvalwa kokusasazwa kwenkcazelo engeyonyaniso ephathelele ukuvota, ukusongela abavoti ngemiphumo esemthethweni yokuvota, okanye ukubandakanyeka kwizenzo zobundlobongela kufuphi neendawo zokuvota ezicelwe ukudiza. Ukuba ufumana okanye woyikisa umvoti, unganikela ingxelo yokunyulwa kwamagosa okanye kwiSebe leSigwebo.
Amalungelo Namaziko Okukhusela Abathengi
Abathengi banelungelo elingafaniyo xa bethenga izinto neenkonzo, bethenga amatyala, yaye beqhubana nabaqokeleli bamatyala.
Ityala Namalungelo Aso
I-Unible Credit Act elinganayo ithintela abo batyala ityala labo ngenxa yesizwe, ibala, unqulo, imvelaphi yesizwe, isini, imo yomtshato, ubudala okanye ngenxa yokuba umntu ocela uncedo lukawonke-wonke. Abafaki-tyala bamele bavavanye bonke abasebenzisa imilinganiselo efanayo yaye abanako ukudimaza nabani na ekuceleni ityala ngenxa yezi mpawu zikhuselekileyo.
I-Fair Crediting Report Act ilawula indlela eqokelelwa ngayo inkcazelo yetyala, esetyenziswayo, neyabelana ngayo. Unelungelo lokufumana iingxelo zakho zetyala, ukuphikisana ngenkcazelo engachananga, kwaye zaziswe ukuba inkcazelo ekulwazini ngetyala lakho isetyenziswe ngokuchasene nawe kwisigqibo sokuthenga ngetyala. Unelungelo lokufumana ingxelo yamatyala ekhululekileyo evela kwi-ibhusayithi nganye kwezithathu zemali zemali ngetyala kanye kwiinyanga ezili-12.
Ukukhuselwa Kwimirhumo Engekho Mthethweni
IFair Declaration Collections Act ikhusela abathengi kwiinkqubo zokuqokelela amatyala ngokuxhaphakileyo. Abaqokeleli bamatyala abanakukukukhathaza, bathethe amatyala, okanye basebenzise iindlela ezingekho ngqiqweni xa beqokelela amatyala. Abakwazi ukukubiza ngexesha elingekho ngqiqweni, bakutsalele emsebenzini ukuba ubaxelele ukuba awuwaxeleli, okanye uxubushe amatyala akho nabanye. Unelungelo lokucela ityala elifanelekileyo nokuphendula amatyala okholelwa ukuba alichanile.
Ukhuseleko Lwemveliso Nokhuseleko
Amaqumrhu ahlukeneyo karhulumente akhusela abathengi kwiimveliso ezingakhuselekanga nakwizenzo zoshishino ezingekho mthethweni. IKhomishoni yeSibonelelo soKhuseleko soKhuseleko esebenzela ukukhusela uluntu kwiingozi ezingekho ngqiqweni zokwenzakala okanye zokufa kwimveliso yabathengi. IKhomishini yeFederal Trade ikhusela abathengi kwizenzo zobuqhophololo okanye zokunganyaniseki koshishino kwaye inyanzelela imithetho yokukhusela abathengi.
Amalungelo empilo nokhuseleko lwabaguli
Izigulana zinamalungelo abalulekileyo xa zifumana iinkonzo zonyango. I-Inishuwarensi ye-Intersuration and Accountability Act (HIPAA) ikhusela ulwazi lwakho lwezonyango ize ikunike amalungelo kwiingxelo zakho zempilo. Abanikezeli bezonyango kufuneka bagcine ulwazi lwakho lwezonyango luyimfihlo kwaye banokuluhlanganyela kuphela kwiimeko ezilinganiselweyo okanye ngemvume yakho.
Ukufumaneka kweengxelo zezonyango
Unelungelo lokufumana iingxelo zakho zezamayeza, ucele ulungiso kulwazi olungachananga, kwaye ufumana isaziso soqheliselo lokuzimela wedwa oluchaza indlela ulwazi lwakho lwempilo olunokusetyenziswa ngayo luze lwabelane nabanye. Ungacela imiqathango ngendlela olusetyenziswa ngayo okanye olutyhiliweyo, nangona abanikezeli bengasoloko befuneka ukuba bavumelane nale miqathango.
Ukungaphazamiseki kwempilo
ICandelo 1557 loMthetho we-Affordal Care Act lalela ukuba ucalucalulo lungafikelelwa kumaziko empilo ngenxa yohlanga, imibala, imvelaphi yesizwe, isini, ubudala, okanye ukukhubazeka. Abanikezi-mali bezempilo kunye neenkampani ze-inshorensi zempilo ezifumana inkxaso-mali yezezonyango azinakukhanyela ukunyanyekelwa, ukubonelelwa ngokwahlukileyo, okanye ukucalulwa okusekelwe kwezi mpawu zikhuselekileyo. Oku kuquka ukukhuselwa kocalucalucalulo olunxulumene ne-inshorensi yempilo nokufikelela kwiinkonzo zezempilo.
Amalungelo emfihlo amanani
Njengoko sisebenzisa i - Internet, kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuqonda amalungelo okuzimela wedwa, ngoxa ukukhusela izinto zobuqu eUnited States kulinganiselwe ngakumbi kunakwamanye amazwe, kukho imithetho emininzi ekhuselayo.
Imfihlo yonxibelelwano lwezibonelelo
Umthetho wonxibelelwano lwe-electronics spens Act ukhusela ucingo, umlomo, kunye nothungelwano lwezibonelelo zekhompyutha xa luhanjiswa naxa lugcinwa kwiikhompyutha. Lo mthetho uthintela urhulumente ukuba angakwazi ukufikelela kwiindlela zonxibelelwano ze-elektroniki kwaye uthintela ukuthintelwa kokungagunyaziswanga konxibelelwano lwe-elektroniki. Kodwa umthetho unemida kwaye awugcinanga isantya nobugcisa bezi mini kwiinkalo ezininzi.
Imfihlo Yabantwana
I-Online Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) ikhusela abantwana abangaphantsi kwe-13 ngokufuna iiwebhsayithi kunye neenkonzo ze-intanethi ukuze bafumane imvume yabazali ngaphambi kokuqokelela inkcazelo yabo ebantwaneni. Abazali banelungelo lokuhlola inkcazelo eqokelelwe kubantwana babo baze bacele ukuba icinywe.
Imithombo Yokwazi Nokukhusela Amalungelo Akho
Ukuqonda amalungelo akho linyathelo lokuqala; ukwazi apho ungafumana uncedo xa loo malungelo ephulwa kubalulekile ngokufanayo. Zininzi izinto ezikhoyo ezinokukunceda ufunde ngamalungelo akho uze wenze okuthile xa kuyimfuneko.
Imibutho yoncedo esemthethweni
Imibutho yoncedo olusemthethweni inikela uncedo olusemthethweni ngokukhululekileyo kubantu ngabanye abafumana imali ephantsi kunye neentsapho. Le mibutho inganceda ngemiba emininzi yamakhaya, kuquka iimpikiswano zezindlu, imicimbi yomthetho wentsapho, iingxaki zabathengi, kunye nokuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu. Ukufumana uncedo olusemthethweni kwindawo ohlala kuyo, ungaqhagamshelana nentlangano ye-bar yezomthetho okanye utyelele i-webhsayithi yeSebe Lezomthetho e- www.lsc.gov[, enceda ekuboneleni iinkqubo zoncedo olusemthethweni kulo lonke elo lizwe.
Izikolo ezininzi zomthetho ziqhuba amakliniki asemthethweni apho abafundi bomthetho, abalawulwa ngamagqwetha anamava, banikela iinkonzo ezisemthethweni mahhala kuluntu.
Imithombo karhulumente kunye nezongxamiseko
ISebe leMicimbi yamaLungelo eZiko lihlola lize limangalele amatyala abandakanya ucalucalulo olubandakanya izindlu, imisebenzi, imfundo nezinye iinkalo.
I-Aumencial Opportunity Commission (EOC) inyanzelisa imithetho karhulumente elwalela ucalucalulo lwemisebenzi. Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba unamava ocalucalulo emsebenzini, ungafaka isityholo nge-EEOC, eza kuphengulula kwaye zithathe inyathelo ngenxa yakho. I-website ye-EOC ku- www.eoc.eoc.[ inikela iinkcukacha ezineenkcukacha malunga nemithetho yocalucalulo lwemisebenzi kunye nenkqubo yokukhalazela.
ISebe leNkundla noPhuhliso lweZiko (UD) limisa imithetho esesikweni yezindlu lize lihlole izikhalazo zokucalucalulwa kwezindlu. Ungafaka isikhalazo nge-HID kwi-intanethi, ngemfonomfono, okanye ngeposi ukuba ukholelwa ukuba ucalucalulwe ngokuhlala.
I-Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) inceda abathengi ngokunika inkcazelo ngeemveliso zemali neenkonzo zemali nangokwamkela izikhalazo ngeenkampani zemali.
Amaqela oluntu
Imibutho esekelwe ekusebenzeni kwezemfundo yoluntu isebenza ukukhusela nokuphuhlisa amalungelo amaqela athile okanye kwiindawo ezithile zomthetho. Imibutho yamalungelo abemi enjengeNAACP, i-American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), kunye neNational Urban League isebenza ukulwa nokhuthazo nokukhusela inkululeko yasekuhlaleni. Le mibutho isoloko inikela uncedo olusemthethweni, ukuxhasa amalungelo, kunye nobuncwane bemfundo.
Imibutho ejolise kwimiba ethile okanye kubemi ingaba bubuncwane obuxabisekileyo. Imibutho edidekileyo yamalungelo abantu, iLGBTQ+ amaqela anelungelo lokufumana amalungelo abaphambukeli, neminye inika ulwazi olukhethekileyo nenkxaso kuluntu olulusebenzelayo.
Iinkonzo zoNcedo olungokwasemthethweni
Iintlanganiso ezininzi zikarhulumente kunye nezobulali zinika igqwetha iinkonzo ezinokukudibanisa namagqwetha asebenza kummandla womthetho onxulumene nengxelo yakho. Ezinye iinxulumani zebhari zikwakunika ityala elinciphileyo okanye unxulumano lwamahlahla. Ezi nkonzo zinokukunceda ufumane umelo olusemthethweni olufanelekileyo xa ufuna lona.
Ulawulo lwe-intanethi luye lwanda kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ii-website ezifana ne- Cornell’s Legal Information Institute zikunika unikezelo ngokukhululekileyo kulwazi olusemthethweni, kuquka umbhalo wemithetho karhulumente, izigqibo zenkundla, kunye nezinto ezicaciswayo. Ngexa ezi zibonelelo zingenako ukutshintsha icebiso lomthetho elisemthethweni, zinokukunceda uqonde umthetho namalungelo akho.
Imithombo yemfundo nezixhobo ezikwaziyo
Imibutho emininzi ivelisa amalungelo akho olwazi ngezixhobo ezikwimibandela ethile, njengamalungelo ngexesha lokudibana kwamapolisa emsebenzini, amalungelo engqesho, nangaphezulu. La maxwebhu asoloko efumaneka ngeelwimi ezininzi kunye neefom, ewenza afikeleleke kuluntu oluhlukeneyo. Umzekelo, iACLU inika ukhokelo lwakho oluninzi olunolwazi ngemibandela esusela kumalungelo abafundi ukuya kumalungelo abaphambukeli.
ISebe Lemisebenzi linikela inkcazelo engomvuzo, iiyure, amalungelo okhuseleko emsebenzini, neHID inikela ubuncwane bokuhlala ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukuthabatha Inyathelo Xa Amalungelo Akho Ephulwa
Ukwazi amalungelo akho kubalulekile, kodwa ukuqonda indlela yokuthabatha inyathelo xa loo malungelo ephulwa kubaluleke ngokufanayo. Amanyathelo afanelekileyo aya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lokwaphulwa kwawo nomongo owenzeke ngawo.
Ukwaphula Uxwebhu
Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba amalungelo akho aphulwe, uxwebhu olucokisekileyo lubalulekile. Gcina iingxelo ezinenkcukacha zokwenzekileyo, kuquka imihla, amaxesha, iindawo, kunye namagama abantu ababandakanyekileyo. Gcina nawaphi na amaxwebhu anxulumeneyo, ii-imeyili, imiyalezo yokubhaliweyo, okanye obunye ubungqina. Ukuba bekukho amangqina, fumana ulwazi lwawo loqhagamshelano. Olu xwebhu luzakuba lubalulekileyo ukuba ugqiba ukufaka isikhalazo okanye usukela isenzo esisemthethweni.
Bhala amanqaku ngokukhawuleza emva kwesiganeko esitsha senkumbulo yakho. Quka iinkcukacha ezingqalileyo ngoko kuthethweyo nakwenziweyo, indlela osabela ngayo, nayiphi na imiphumo ekhawulezileyo. Ukuba ucalucalulwe okanye ukhathazwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, gcina ingxelo yeziganeko ezinemihla nenkcazelo.
Izikhalazo Ezikhalazayo Ezineenjongo Ezifanelekileyo
Ukuphulwa kwamalungelo amaninzi kungaxoxwa ngokuququzelela izikhalazo namaziko karhulumente anegunya lokusebenza. Xa ucalucalulo lwemisebenzi, ungafaka isityholo kwi-EEOC okanye kwisebe lesizwe lakho elibonisa intsebenziswano yomsebenzi. Xa ucalucalulo lwezezindlu, ungafaka isikhalazo kwi-HUD okanye i-Hud okanye i-out sengingqi yakho entle. Kwimiba yezindlu yasekuhlaleni, ungafaka isikhalazo kwi-Consumer Financial Protection Bureauniaual okanye kwi-ofisi yegqwetha yephondo lakho.
Inkoliso yamaziko ineenkqubo ezikhethekileyo kunye nexesha elimiselweyo lokuvala izikhalazo ezingxamisekileyo, ngoko kubalulekile ukwenza ngokukhawuleza. Izikhalazo ezininzi zocalulo kufuneka zigcinwe ngeentsuku ezili-180 okanye ezingama-300 zokwaphulwa, nangona ezinye iinjongo zimfutshane okanye zingaphezulu. Ukungaligqibi ixesha elimiselweyo kungathetha ukuphulukana nelungelo lakho lokufuna uncedo, ngoko musa ukulibazisa ukufuna uncedo.
Ukufuna umelo olusemthethweni
Kukophula umthetho okanye kwiimeko ezinzima, kusenokufuneka ukuba uthethe negqwetha. Igqwetha lisenokuyihlolisisa imeko yakho, lichaze ukhetho lwakho olungokwasemthethweni, lize likumele kwingxoxo yakho, kwimicimbi yolawulo, okanye kwinkundla. Amanye amatyala anokusingathwa ngesizathu esifanelekileyo, ithetha ukuba igqwetha lihlawulwa kuphela xa uphumelele, ngoxa elinye lisenokufuna ukuhlawulwa kwemali ehlawulwa ngokweyure okanye intlawulo ebharhileyo.
Ukuba awunamali yokufumana igqwetha, khangela iindlela zokubonelela uncedo olusemthethweni ngemibutho yoncedo olukhululekileyo okanye oluphantsi ngoncedo olusemthethweni, ngekliniki yesikolo, okanye iinkqubo zeprobono. Amanye amagqwetha anikela uhlolo lwamahlawuli lokuqala, olunokukunceda uqonde imeko yakho nokuba ekugqibeleni awunayo imali yokuyiqesha.
Ukuqonda Iimpendulo Nemiphumo
Amayeza akhoyo xa amalungelo akho ephulwa axhomekeke kuhlobo lokwaphulwa komthetho kunye nenkqubo esebenzayo. Unyango lungaquka imbuyekezo yemali yomonakalo owawufumana, isiqabu esifuna lowo waphulayo ukuba aphelise ihambo engekho mthethweni okanye enze izenzo ezithile, ukubuyiselwa emsebenzini, ukutshintsha kwemigaqo okanye iindlela, okanye ezinye iindlela zokukhululeka.
Kwezinye iimeko, amasebe karhulumente asenokukuthethelela, aphengulule isikhalazo sakho aze afake ityala lakho nxamnye nalowo waphula umthetho, kwezinye iimeko kusenokufuneka umangalele ngasese. Ukuqonda iziphumo ezinokwenzeka nenkqubo ebandakanyekileyo kunokukunceda wenze izigqibo eziphandle ngendlela omele uqhubeke ngayo.
Ukuhlala Uwazi Amalungelo Akho
Umthetho notoliko lwezomthetho lutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngoko ukuhlala wazi ngamalungelo akho kuyinto eqhubekayo. Izigqibo zenkundla, umthetho omtsha, kunye neenguqu ezicwangcisiweyo zonke zinokuchaphazela amalungelo akho kunye nokhuseleko olukhoyo kuwe.
Emva Kophuhliso Lwasemthethweni
Inkqubela enkulu engokwasemthethweni isoloko ipapashwa kumajelo eendaba, kodwa ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi, qwalasela imithombo yeendaba engokwasemthethweni, imibutho yamalungelo abantu, okanye imibutho yorhulumente enxulumene nezilangazelelo zakho. Imibutho emininzi ithumela amaphetshana e-imeyili okanye igcina ubukho obuphambili bezentlalo apho isabelana ngohlaziyo olungokwasemthethweni nangeziphumo zayo.
Ukuba Nenxaxheba Kwisivumelwano Sesiqhulo
Amalungelo akho akhuselwa ekugqibeleni kungekuphela nje yimithetho neenkundla, kodwa ngokubhalisana ngokungqongqo kwezentlalo. Ukubuza, ukuqhagamshelana nabameli abanyuliweyo ngemibandela engombandela kuwe, ukuba nenxaxheba kwimibutho yoluntu, nokuhlala usazi ngeengxoxo zemigaqo yoluntu konke kunegalelo ekukhuseleni nasekukhuliseni amalungelo abo bonke abantu.
Imibutho exhasa ukukhusela amalungelo abantu nenkululeko yasekuhlaleni inceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ezi zixhobo zihlala zinamandla yaye ziyachaswa. Enoba ngeminikelo, ngeminikelo, ngokuzithandela, okanye ngokusasaza uluvo, izenzo zomntu ngamnye zisenza umahluko ekukhuseleni amalungelo abo bonke.
Isiphelo
Ukuqonda amalungelo akho kwiimeko zemihla ngemihla kukunika amandla okulawula ihlabathi ngentembelo nokuzimela wena nabanye xa loo malungelo esongelwa. Ukusuka kwindawo yokuhlala ukuya kumava kawonke-wonke, ukusuka kwindawo yomsebenzi, ukususela kwimfundo ukuya kunyango, kukho ukhuseleko olusemthethweni ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyangwa nokusesikweni okusisiseko.
Ngoxa esi sikhokelo sichaza ngokuphandle amalungelo amaninzi abalulekileyo, asinakuyicombulula yonke imeko okanye siphendule yonke imibuzo. Imithetho eyahlukeneyo ngokwemithetho, ngokwemibandela, nangemibandela engokwasemthethweni ingaba yenziwa ngxaki. Xa ujongene nemeko apho amalungelo akho asenokuba asengozini, musa ukumadolw ’ anzima ukufuna uncedo kwimithombo emininzi ekhoyo, kuquka imibutho yoncedo olusemthethweni, imibutho yorhulumente, amaqela ezezezentlalo-ntle, kunye neengcali zomthetho.
Khumbula ukuba amalungelo akafuni ukuzinqumla, ukunyanzelisa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha afuna ukuba nentsingiselo. Ngokuzifundisa ngamalungelo akho, ngokubhala amaxwebhu xa efika, nangokufuna uncedo olufanelekileyo, unganceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba idinga lokhuseleko olulinganayo phantsi komthetho liyinto yokwenene kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Ulwazi nesenzo sakho akukukhuseli kuphela kodwa kwakhona negalelo kwibutho labantu elinobulungisa nelilungeleleneyo kumntu wonke.