Ukuqonda Imisebenzi YabezoMbutho Esemthethweni Kuphando Lwamakhaya

Xa usenza uphando lwamakhaya, qha xa kusenziwa uphando olusemthethweni, okanye kusetyenziswa ulawulo olugqwethekileyo, okanye ukuphulwa komthetho kunye noogxa babalawuli kufuneka basebenzise imigaqo eyahlukileyo yemigaqo-siseko. Ezi mfuneko aziyonkqubo nje yokulawula; zisebenza njengezixhobo zomgaqo-siseko ezilungelelanisa imfuneko karhulumente yokuqokelela imfuneko yokuzinziswa kweMpanziswano yeSine ngokukhusela abantu ekuphandweni nokuxhuzula. Eli nqaku linika ukhokelo olufanelekileyo ekuqinisekiseni iimfuno zoluntu, ukufihla izizinzi ezisemthethweni, iindidi ezithile, iindidi zemvume zoluntu, kunye nokuqwalasela okusebenzisekayo ukuqokelelwa kobungqina.

Yintoni Imvukelo?

Isiqinisekiso sisixhobo esisemthethweni esikhutshwa yijaji okanye imantyi esigunyazisa amagosa omthetho ukuba enze izenzo ezithile ezingekho mthethweni, ezifana nokungena kwimpahla yangasese, ukuqhuba uphando, okanye ukuthatha ubungqina. Isiqinisekiso kufuneka sisekelwe ekuboniseni isizathu esinokwenzeka, sixhaswa yi-affidat efunweyo, kwaye kufuneka achaze ngenkani indawo eza kuphendwa kwaye izinto ziphathwe. Kumo wophando lwamakhaya, imiqondiso isetyenziswa xa urhulumente efuna ukuqokelela ubungqina obunxulumene nokuchasana nomthetho-"/ukuphoswa kwemeko-bume, okanye ukuqhatha, ukukhomba okunganyanisekiyo, okanye ukukhomba ngetyala.

Isiseko Esisemthethweni: Uhlaziyo Lwesine Nokuphanda NgooNondyebo

UHlaziyo lwesine loMgaqo-siseko wase-U.S. lunika isiqinisekiso sokuba kufunyaniswe iziqinisekiso: “Ilungelo labantu lokukhuselwa, ukufunyanwa kwabantu, izindlu, amaphepha, kunye neziphumo, nxamnye nokuphengululwa okungekho ngqiqweni nokuxhuzula, aliyi kuphulwa, kwaye akukho namnye umbutho oya kukhutshwa, kodwa ngokunokwenzeka, oxhaswa nguMgaqo-siseko weSihlanu okanye isiqinisekiso, kwaye ngokukodwa ukuchaza indawo ekufuneka ihlolwe, kwaye abantu okanye izinto ezimele ziphathwe." Ngoxa olu lwimi lusoloko luxutyushwa kwiimeko zolwaphulo-mthetho, imigaqo yamakhaya kunye nezolawulo. INkukhosi Ephakamileyo isoloko ikholelwa ukuba imfuneko yokuHlomelo lwesine isebenza ekuphengululweni kweenkonzo eziqhutywa ngamasebe, ngaphandle kokuba iimeko ezikhethekileyo (ezizizinto ezinokuvumelana nangoko zoburhulumente) zikho.

Kuphando lwamakhaya, urhulumente kufuneka abonise ukuba nokwenzeka okubangela .*. Kodwa umgangatho ungahluka ngamanye amaxesha ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela eyiyo inkqubo yokulawula. Umzekelo, umhloli wemeko-bume angafuna isiqinisekiso solawulo kuphela esisekelwe ekubonakalisweni “kokukrokra okusengqiqweni” ukuba ukukhangela kuyinxalenye yenkqubo yohlolo olugunyazisiweyo olugunyazisiweyo ngumthetho. Kodwa ukuphengulula okujoliswe kuko ngokujongwa kwamaxhoba ngokungqalileyo, umgangatho unyuka ngokongenzeko. Ukuqonda ezi nkcukacha kugxeka amagqwetha ajonge abathengi abajongene nolwazi abajongene nolwazi bempulamlo.

Umahluko Oyintloko Phakathi Kwezaphuli - mthetho Nabemi Abaxhuzulayo

Ngoxa inkqubo yomgaqo-siseko ifana, umahluko obalulekileyo ophawula imfuneko yophando lwabemi:

  • Imeko elungileyo yomgangatho: Kuphando lolwaphulo-mthetho, kunokwenzeka ukuba kufuneke ukuba kuvele ubuchule bokufumana ubungqina bolwaphulo-mthetho. Kwimeko zasekuhlaleni, umjelo ungakhululeka kuphando lolawulo oluqhutywa phantsi kwenkqubo yolawulo esemthethweni (umz., iOSHA uhlolo), apho urhulumente axhomekeke kwiiplani zolawulo jikelele kunokuba akrokrele.
  • [[UMTL:0] uhlobo lobungqina obufunwayo: Isiqinisekiso sabemi basekuhlaleni esisoloko sijoliswe kwiingxelo zoshishino, amaxwebhu emali, okanye ubungqina obuphathekayo bokungahambelani nomthetho, kunokuba bungagunyaziswanga okanye ubungqina bolwaphulo-mthetho.
  • [[NTL: 0] Uphatho lwenkonzo: Ezinye iimfuno zophando lwabemi (IiCID) ezikhutshwa ngabameli abafana ne-SEC okanye FTC zisenokungafuni siqinisekiso konke ukuba zigunyaziswe ngumthetho. Noko ke, xa ukungena okubonakalayo kuyimfuneko, isiqinisekiso sisoloko sifuna.
  • Ikon6es zokwaphula: Ubungqina obufunyenwe ngokukhangela okungekho mthethweni bungasuswa kwimicimbi yamakhaya phantsi kweemeko ezithile, nangona umthetho wokuzikhulula usetyenziswa kancinci kunakwimeko zolwaphulo-mthetho.

Kubalulekile ukuba oogqirha baqonde ukuba uphando lwamakhaya lusoloko lubandakanya indlela edibeneyo, apho abameli basebenzisa ii-panea ezingaphantsi kolawulo ukwenzela iirekhodi kwaye bafumane imvume kuphela xa uphengululo lomzimba luyimfuneko. Umzekelo, igunya lokuhlola le-EPA livumela ukuphengululwa ngaphandle kwemvume phantsi kweemeko ezithile, kodwa umbutho ufumana imvume xa isakhiwo singasavumi.

Iimfuneko Zokufumana Umbutho Onemali Kuphando Lwamakhaya

Ukufumana isiqinisekiso esisemthethweni sophando lwamakhaya, igosa elicelayo kufuneka lanelise iimfuno eziliqela ezingundoqo. Ezi zisekelwe kwimeko yomGaqo-siseko yomthetho kunye namalungiselelo omthetho.

1. Unobangela ofanelekileyo

Undoqo ocacileyo kumongo wengingqi karhulumente uthetha ukuba kukho inkolelo esengqiqweni . esekelwe kwizibakala ezithile .ukuphengulula kuya kubonakalisa ubungqina bokwaphulwa komthetho okanye umthetho wamakhaya. Le nkolelo kufuneka ingaphezulu kune-hunch. Umzekelo, ukuba isebe lezempilo lifumana isikhalazo ngokugcinwa kokungafanelekileyo kwevenkile, umhloli usenokuba nosizathu sokufuna isiqinisekiso sokuhlola iimeko zegumbi lokuphekela. Izibakala ezixhasayo kufuneka zicaciswe kwi-affidavit, kwaye intelekelelo nje ayinele.

2. Ukuhamba ngenqanawa

Umphathi ofuna isiqinisekiso kufuneka alungiselele isifungo se-affidavit +a uxwebhu olubhaliweyo olwenziwa phantsi kwesifungo, ngokudibanisa izibakala ezizisizathu. I-affidavit mayibe:

  • Chaza isiseko solwazi lwegosa (umz., ukujonga ngokobuqu, amacebiso achaziweyo, ubungqina benkqubo).
  • Chaza indawo emayiphengululwe kunye nezinto eziza kuthinjwa.
  • Chaza isizathu sokuba ubungqina bunokufunyanwa kuloo ndawo.
  • Nqumazisa uze ufunge phambi kwejaji okanye kumajiji.

Ukungaqiniseki okanye ukukhutshwa kwe-affidavit kungacelw ’ umngeni kamva, okungakhokelela ekucinezelweni kobungqina. Iingcali zomthetho ngoko zimele ziqinisekise ukuba ii-affidavit zibhaliswe ngononophelo.

3. Ukuvunywa kwekomiti

Xa i-affidavit igqityiwe, kufuneka inikelwe kumgwebi ongathabathi cala okanye umantyi ongamkelekanga. Ijaji ihlola umgwebi ukufumanisa ukuba unobangela ofanelekileyo ukhona na. Ukuba kunjalo, ijaji ikhupha isiqinisekiso. Eli nyathelo liqinisekisa ukuba akukho mphathi-mthetho omnye onegunya elingathintelwanga lokuqhuba uphengululo. Ijaji kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba imvume ihlangabezana nemfuneko ethile (jonga ngezantsi).

Umahluko (Umahluko)

ISine Amendment sifuna ukuba isiqinisekiso “ngokukhethekileyo sichaze indawo emayiphandwe, kunye nabantu okanye izinto ezimele zibanjiswe.” Oku kuthetha ukuba imvume ayinakuba yimvume yokuhlola jikelele. Uphando lwasekuhlaleni, imfuneko ekhethekileyo:

  • Idilesi ecacileyo okanye inkcazelo yepropati (umz., “ii-ofisi ze-ABC Corporation kwi 123 Main Street, Ismate 400”.
  • Uluhlu olungqalileyo lwamaxwebhu okanye ubungqina bafunwa (umz., “iingxelo zemali ezinxulumene nokuthengiswa kwemveliso yeXYZ ukususela ngoJanuwari 2022 ukuya kuDisemba 2022”.
  • Umlinganiselo wobungakanani bokufuna ukuphepha ukuphengulula izinto ezingadibaniyo.

Ukuba imvume igunyazisa ukuphanga okunxulumene “naziphi iingxelo ezinxulumene nokwaphulwa komthetho,” isenokuthathwa njengeqhelekileyo kwaye ingasebenzi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, amaqumrhu karhulumente asoloko esebenza ngesiluleko esisemthethweni sokwenza iingxelo zobugcisa ezilungiselelwe ngokucuthayo.

Iintlobo Ezikhethekileyo Zabantu Abancedisayo Kuphando Lwamakhaya

Ngaphandle kwemvume yokukhangela esesikweni, uphando lwamakhaya lungabandakanya imvume ekhethekileyo okanye imiyalelo elinganayo:

Abancedisi Bolawulo

Imithetho yolawulo isetyenziswa ngamasebe alawulayo ukuqhuba uhlolo lwezakhiwo ezilawulwayo, ezifana neefektha, iibhombu, okanye iivenkile zokutyela, kwanaxa kungekho bungqina bokwaphulwa okuthile. Ezi mvume zilula ukufumana imvume yokukhangela ngokwesithethe kuba urhulumente ufuna kuphela ukubonisa ukuba uhlolo luyinxalenye yeqhinga elisebenzayo lokulawula (umz., uhlolo oluzenzekelayo). Umzekelo wemeko yembali [[FLT: 0] iCamararav. iNkuvo yoMphathiswano yezonyango. [[FLT:] [FLT] [12] [12] [1967]) uvavanyo lolawulo lufuna isiqinisekiso, kodwa umgangatho olindelekileyo umele ukuba “ubeke imilinganiselo esekelwe kwimiqatha. Umzekelo, i-Occccatemental quety [FUT]

Uphendlo Oluvunyiweyo Nezodwa

Uphando lwamakhaya oluninzi alufuni siqinisekiso kuba uphando luye lwavunywa ngokuzithandela. Imvume kufuneka inikwe ngokukhululekileyo nangobulumko, kwaye igosa alinakunyanzela okanye lilahlekise lombandela. Ngokubhekele phaya, iimeko ezithile ezichaphazelekayo . "ezifana nesoyikiso esikhawulezileyo sempilo kawonke-wonke okanye ukhuseleko ) lungakuthethelela ukuphengulula okungenasiqinisekiso. Umzekelo, ukuba ukuchitheka kwemichiza okuyingozi kuxelwe, abahloli bemeko-mo bangangena ngaphandle kwemvume yokukhusela ingozi. Noko ke, ukungavumelani okunjalo kunciphindwa kunciphile kwaye kufuneka kubhalwe ngenyameko.

Iintsana Neemfuno Zokufumana Uqikelelo Lwamakhaya

Kuphando lwamakhaya oluninzi, amaqumrhu asebenzisa ii-athopoena okanye ii-arhente zophando. I-CIDs ifuna ukuba kuvezwe amaxwebhu okanye ubungqina. Ama-Subpoena awafuni mvume kuba ekhutshwe phantsi kwegunya lomthetho kwaye akangenisi ukungena ngokoqobo kwindawo ethile. Noko ke, ukuba umamkeli akavumi ukuthobela, isebe kufuneka lifune ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho. Isindululo sesine soMvumelwano kufuneka sisebenze kuphela “eebhanile", i-edeaaaaaaaia imele ingabi banzile okanye inzima ngokungenangqondo. Inkundla ePhakamileyo kwi [[FLT: 0] i-United States. [[FLT] I-Gream:50] [1950]) ikholelwa ukuba ulawulo kufuneka lufumane umgangatho osemthethweni, kodwa kusenobangela osezantsi.

Ukunyamekela Umthetho Namagcisa Asemthethweni

Ukufumana nokuphumeza ngempumelelo isiqinisekiso sasekuhlaleni kufuna ukuceba nokunamathela ngenyameko kwimithetho ebhaliweyo. Ngeli ngezantsi ziingcebiso ezingundoqo ezithathwe kwezona zenzo zoburhulumente kunye nomthetho wetyala.

Ukudrafta IAffidavit

I-affidavits kufuneka ibe yeyokucokisa kwaye ichane. Quka zonke izibakala ezinxulumeneyo , iingxelo zobungqina bokunikela ubungqina bekhompyutha, kwaye chaza itsheyina lokuxilonga elidibanisa ulwaphuko kwindawo ekucingelwa ukuba iphendwe ngayo. Kuphephe ukuphembelela ulwimi olufana nothi “ndikholelwa ukuba kukho ubungqina bokwaphula umthetho”; endaweni yoko, lo mbandela uthi:“NgoMatshi 15, umcuphi wempempe u-X wanikela ingxelo yokuba inkunkuma eyingozi kwimigqobhobho engayiphawulanga emva kwendlu yayo yokugcina impahla. Umfanekiso othathiweyo ubonisa imibhobho, efana neenkcazelo zezikhongo zenkunkuma enengozi." Lo mgangatho woko woko woko woko womeleza ngokunokwenzeka kwaye unciphisa ukuchana kwemicinelo.

Ukuphumeza Igosa

Ngexesha lokubulala, abaphathi-mikhosi kufuneka banamathele ngokungqongqo kubungakanani obuchazwe kwisiqinisekiso. Ukuba imvume igunyazisa ukuphanga irekhodi yemali kuphela, abaphathi abanakukwazi ukuthumba ngefayile zabasebenzi ngaphandle kokuba bawele kwinkcazelo yemvume. Imida yexesha iyasebenza: uninzi lwamagunya kufuneka isiqinisekiso sokuphunyezwa ngexesha elithile (umz., iintsuku ezilishumi). Emva kokubulawa, uludwe lwezinto ezibanjiweyo kufuneka zibuyiselwe enkundleni.

Iinkqubo zokukhangela zasemva

Emva kokuba imvume iphunyiwe, isibonelelo sokuphengulula masinikezele ngokukhawuleza ikopi yemvume kunye noluhlu lomntu othe impahla yakhe yahlolwa. Kwimeko zabemi, ixhoba lisenokuyifaka kamva intshukumo yokucinezela ubungqina ukuba imvume ayivumelekanga. Urhulumente uthwala umthwalo wokungqina ukuba imvume iyasebenza kwaye iphumezwe ngokufanelekileyo. Nabuphi na ubungqina obufunyenweyo bokuchasana noMquluko-mda wesine bungakhutshwa kwimicimbi yasekuhlaleni, nangona umthetho wokuzikhulula ungasetyenziswa ngokungqongqo kakhulu kunasezigwebeni zolwaphulo-mthetho (umz., kwiinkundla zolawulo, ulungelelanisa iziphumo zokuthintela ityala ngokuchasene nexabiso le-ecrevo).

Ucelomngeni Oluqhelekileyo Nendlela Yokoyisa

Izicelo ezigunyazisiweyo zabemi zijongene nocelomngeni olukhethekileyo olunokuphazamisa uphando ukuba alukhange lulindelwe.

Ukoyisa Ukungabi Nasizathu Sokuba Nento Efanelekileyo

Kuphando lwamakhaya oluninzi, urhulumente usenokuba nobungqina obubuthathaka. Ukuqinisa isicelo sogunyaziso, abaphengululi bangasebenzisa imithombo emininzi: iincam zokufutha impempe, iirekhodi zikawonke-wonke, iziphumo zohlolo lwangaphambili, kwanemiboniso yezibalo. Umzekelo, ukuba umbutho ukrokrela umlinganiselo wokukhutshwa komkhuphiswano ongaphantsi, uyakwazi ukucaphula inkcazelo evela kwizakhiwo eziselumelwaneni, umlinganiselo woshishino, kunye nohlalutyo olunolwazi lokwenza unobangela olindelekileyo.

Ukuxhathisa Uhlaselo Olugqithiseleyo

Abameli basoloko becela isiqinisekiso njengentsebenziswano engaphaya kwe-Abtrand okanye engekhoyo. Ukuphepha oku, isiqinisekiso kufuneka sinciphise ukuphazanyiswa ngokweendidi ezithile zobungqina obunengqiqo obunxulumene nolwaphulo oluphantsi kophando. Sebenzisa ubuchule: endaweni “yonke imibhalo yezoshishino,” icela“ zonke ii-invoices kunye nemiyalelo enxulumene nokufunyanwa kwe-ABC ekrwada ukususela ngoJanuwari 2020 ukuya ngoku." I-Attorney kufuneka ihlolisise ngobuchule bolwimi olugunyaziswayo phambi kokuzithoba.

Ukusingatha Izinto Ezinamalungelo Akhethekileyo

Uphando lwamakhaya ludla ngokufaka kwi-gqwesi-mvocara ilungelo elikhoyo, imveliso yokhuseleko, okanye iimfihlo zorhwebo. Esi sivumelwano kufuneka siquke iinkqubo zokuphatha amaxwebhu axabisekileyo `njengeli qela elinolwazi'' okanye ukuvumela isiluleko sexhoba ukuba lihlole izinto ezibanjiweyo phambi kokuba urhulumente azifikelele. Ukungaphumeleli ukuchaza ilungelo kungaphumela kwixabiso elibizekileyo kunye nemvume enokwenzeka.

Indima Yobuxhakaxhaka Kumaziko Amakhaya

Uphando lwangoku lwabemi lubandakanya ulwazi olugcinwe ngombane (ESI), njenge email, i-server algos, kunye nogcino-lwazi lwamafu. Ukufumana isiqinisekiso sobungqina bamanani kufuneka uqwalaselo olongezelelweyo. Umthetho kufuneka uchaze ugcino-lwazi olufunwayo ngohlobo oluthile, umzekelo, “zonke ii-imeyili ezivela kummandla@ company.com ezithunyelwe phakathi kweyeThupha 1 noJuni 30, 2024, eziqulathe amagama ayintloko anxulumene noMthetho wamanzi acocekileyo.” Iinkundla zikwafake iprocratedisms, ezifana nokuvumela ixhoba ukuba lithathe ilungelo lokuhlola urhulumente. I-APrombusaeting kufuneka zisebenze ngamanani oogqirha bolwazi ukuqinisekisa isiqinisekiso sokugquma zonke izixhobo neengxelo eziyimfuneko ngaphandle kokufumana.

Isiphelo

Iimfuno ezifanelekileyo ekuphandeni kwemibutho yamakhaya kukwahlukana okubalulekileyo kokuthobelana ngokwemithetho, amalungelo omgaqo-siseko, nokusebenza ngophando. Ukuba ungumphathi womthetho, igqwetha lomthetho, okanye ugqirha oqeqeshiweyo, oqondayo xa imvume ifuneka, indlela yokufumana, nendlela yokuyenza ngokusemthethweni, nendlela yokuyisebenzisa ibalulekile. Ukhuseleko lweSine sokuHlaziya akuphelelanga kumatyala olwaphulo-mthetho; lusebenzisa ngamandla apheleleyo xa urhulumente efuna ubungqina kwimicimbi yoluntu. Ngokunamathela kwimigaqo yezizathu ezilindelekileyo, nezobungameli, zinokuqokelela ubungqina obufanelekileyo xa zihlonela inkululeko yabantu ngabanye. [FFFF] kunye noncedo olusemthethweni.[3]