Isiseko esisemthethweni sabaxhasi beMimandla Kuphando Lwemihlaba

Uphatho oluchaphazelekayo nophawu olubonisa ukuchaswa kwemithetho ludla ngokufuna abaphandi ukufumana ubungqina obuphathekayo okanye obungamanani abakrokrelekileyo. Ngaphandle kogunyaziso olusemthethweni, ukuqokelela ubungqina obunjalo bungalwaphula ukhuseleko lomgaqo-siseko ekuphandeni okungekho ngqiqweni nokuxhuzula. EUnited States, iSiphendu sesine simisela imfuneko esisiseko yokuba imvume ixhaswe yisizathu esifanelekileyo kwaye ichaze ngesizathu esithile indawo ekufuneka iphengululwe kwaye izinto zibhaqwe. Uphando olufanelekileyo (IP) oluthetha ukuba nakuphi na ukuphendla okanye ukuxhuzula okuqhutywa ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso esisemthethweni (okanye ukucinezelwa phantsi kobubungqina obuqhelekileyo nokunganyaniswa kwetyala.)

Kwiimeko ezininzi ze-IP, abaphengululi babucala namaqela okhuseleko lwamaqumrhu oluntu abanako ukufumana imvume ngokwawo; kuphela amasebe omthetho karhulumente (umz., FBI, umthetho we-UPTO, okanye amapolisa asekuhlaleni) angawasebenzisa. Noko ke, amaqela azimeleyo angafuna imiyalelo yokuxhathisa izithuba phantsi kwemimiselo ekhethekileyo, enjenge Trademark Countingfeit Act yonyaka ka- 1984[ Act yomthetho we-U.C. . . . . .111616(16)) okanye i-'FLT.'ATS''''Act [35.C.C. 283] Le miyalelo efanayo ingumsebenzi wokuqinisekisa ukwahlulwa kolwaphulo-mthetho lwamakhaya.

Iimfuno Zokufumana Umxhasi Kwityala Elingunobugqwirha Nelinorhwebo

Unobangela Ofanelekileyo

Unobangela ocacileyo ligumbi lesicelo esigunyaziswayo. Kuphando lwe-IP, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuthethwa ukuba urhulumente kufuneka anikele izibakala ezaneleyo ukukhokelela umntu onolwahlulo ukuba akholelwe ukuba ubungqina bokuchasana okuthile bukho kwindawo eza kuphehlwa. Oku kugqitha ngokukrokreleka nje; i-affvidat kufuneka iquke iinkcukacha eziqinileyo ezifana neengxelo zobungqina, iingxelo zokhangelo, ukuthengwa kwezinto zobuxoki, okanye uhlalutyo lwamanani oludibanisa ixhoba nokuphazamisa umsebenzi.

Iinkundla ziye zathi isizathu esinokwenzeka sokuvela kwamatyala obuxoki ophawu lungamiselwa ngokuqwalasela komphengululi oqeqeshiweyo impahla enephawu elibhalisiweyo elibonakala lingagunyaziswanga. Ngokufanayo, kumatyala asemthethweni, isizathu esinokwenzeka sinokuboniswa ngokuthelekisa iimpawu zemveliso etyholwayo ngokuchasene nemvume esemthethweni nokufumana ubungqina obuyingcaphephe yokuba imveliso ifikelele kwigunya.

IAffidavit: Ukwakhiwa Nokuqulathiweyo

I-affidavit ngumthetho obhaliweyo oya kunikwa ijaji okanye imantyi. Kufuneka utyikitywe phantsi kwesifungo kwaye kufuneka uquke:

  • Ubuchule kunye neemfaneleko ze-affiant (umz., FBI i-arhente ekhethekileyo ngoqeqesho lwe-IP, uphandi we-USPTO, okanye umcuphi wasekuhlaleni onamava kwimpahla zenkohliso).
  • [[UMTL:0] izibakala ezidityanisiweyo ezimisela unobangela olindelekileyo , kuquka imihla, iindawo, iinkcazelo zokuphazamisa izinto, kunye nazo naziphina izinto ezithengwa ngaphantsi okanye uvavanyo.
  • Ukuhlelwa koqhagamshelwano phakathi kokuphazamisa nendawo ezakuphendwa (umzekelo, ukuba umkroti usebenza kwindawo yokugcina impahla yenkohliso apho zigcinwa khona, okanye umqhubi wefama ophazanyisiweyo).
  • Ukuqulunqwa kwamalungelo athile e-IP kubandakanyekile: amanani ephawu olubhalisiweyo, amanani asemthethweni, kunye nesiqinisekiso sobumnini (umz., isiqinisekiso se-USPTO).
  • Imeko yokuba ubungqina obufunwayo bungafumaneka kwindawo kwisakhelo sexesha elifanelekileyo (ingakumbi kukonakala okanye ukushukuma ngokukhawuleza kwempahla zamanani).

Ukuba Nembono Ethile: Ngaba Abanqolobi Bamele Bangqale Kangakanani?

Imfuneko ekhethekileyo ikhusela ukuphengulula jikelele/a isikhuseli esingundoqo ekungeneni kungenelelo lorhulumente. Kuphando lwe-IP, isiqinisekiso kufuneka sikhankanye:

  • Idilesi echanileyo okanye indawo yamanani (umz., idilesi ethile ye-IP, i-akhawunti yokugcina amafu, okanye indawo ephathekayo). Iinkcazelo ezininzi ezifana “naziphi na iikhompyutha ezisetyenziswa ngabakrokrelelwayo” ngokuqhelekileyo azinele.
  • Iindidi zezinto ezimele zithatyathwe. Kwiinkohliso zomzimba: “Zonke iimpahla ezithwala uphawu olubhalisiweyo lwe XYZ kwiitags, iilayibhu, kunye neepakethi." Kubungqina bemivo-manani: “Iinqwelo-moya eziqinileyo kunye neefayile eziqulethe imizobo yenjineli enxulumene ne U.S. No. 9,999,999*.
  • [[FLT: 0] Isakhelo sexesha esityholweyo sokuphazamisa . Ukuba ubungqina buthatha iminyaka emininzi, isiqinisekiso kufuneka sichaze isizathu sokuba izinto ezindala zihlale zifanelekile.
  • [[UMTL:0] nayiphina imiqathango kwindlela yokuphendla , efana nemfuneko yokuba abavavanyi be-ocensic basebenzise izihluzi ezingundoqo ukunqanda ukuqwalasela uthungelwano lwabucala olungalufuniyo.

Inkcazo Ebalulekileyo

Isiqinisekiso sisemthethweni kuphela kulawulo lwendawo lwenkundla ekhuphayo. Kwityala le-IP apho uphazamiso lwemida yelizwe okanye abaphengululi basenokufuna imvume ezininzi. Umzekelo, ukuba iimpahla zenkohliso zenziwe kwelinye ilizwe, zigcinwe kwelinye, kwaye zithengiswe kwingingqi yesithathu, indawo nganye ifuna isiqinisekiso esahlukileyo kwinkundla enegunya kummandla. Iinkundla zomanyano zilawula uzweni lonke ukwenzela iityala ezithile ze-IP zolwaphulo-mthetho, kodwa isiqinisekiso kufuneka siphinde sibulawe phakathi kwesithili apho ukukhangela kusenzeka khona (. R. R. Crim.

Kwimeko yehlabathi lonke, ukunyanzelisa ukuhambelana komda we-IP kungabandakanya izivumelwano zoncedo olusemthethweni (MLAT) okanye oonobumba abathetha ngokutsha, njengoko imiyalelo yamanye amazwe inganyanzelekanga ngqo eUnited States, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo. Abaxhasi kufuneka badibane ne- International Trade Commission [i-ITC] [iizinto ezisemthethweni ezibandakanya iimpahla ezingenisiweyo], njengokuba i-ITC ingakhupha imiyalelo efana nemiyalelo esemthethweni emdeni.

Ukuqwalasela Ngokukhethekileyo Ubungqina Bamanani

Ukuchasana kwe-IP kwangoku kubandakanya izinto zamanani ngokukhulayo: i-software ephefumlelweyo, uluhlu lwe-eÚcommerce yenkohliso, iimfihlelo zorhwebo ezibiweyo ezigcinwe kwiiseva zamafu, okanye amagama ommandla akhupha uphawu. IiNkundla zivelise izinto ezongezelelekileyo zokukhusela ukuzikhusela ekuphengululeni kwamanani:

  • [[NTL: 0] Ukucutha : Isiqinisekiso kufuneka sibeke umda uphengululo kwiifayile ezibonakala ukuqulatha ubungqina bokuchasana okukhethekileyo kwe IP, ukunqanda uhlolo oluninzi lwee-imeyili zobuqu, iifoto, okanye iirekhodi zeshishini ezingadibaniyo.
  • Imithetho elandelwayo yeforensic: Imiyalelo emininzi ngoku ifuna ukuba ingcali yesithathu yecandelo lobundilele okanye inkosi ekhethekileyo iqhuba uphendlo, okanye ukuba ukugcinwa komthetho kusebenzisa “isiqinisekiso sonikezelo lomthetho" ukuqaqa ugcino-lwazi phambi kokuba asebenzise isiqinisekiso sokuphendla sesithethe.
  • Isimangaliso kumnikezeli: Phantsi koMthetho wogcino woThungelwano (18 U.S.C. 763), imvume ze email okanye ezinye izixhobo zonxibelelwano ze-elektroniki ezigcinwe ngabanikezeli benkonzo (umz., Google, i-Amazon Web Services) kufuneka zihambisane nemfuneko ezithile zesaziso. Abaquququzeleli basoloko bekhetha phakathi kwesiqinisekiso (esifuna isizathu esilindelekileyo) kunye nomyalelo wama-2703 (unyaka) (ofuna nje uthelekelelo olusengqiqweni).
  • Ithuba kunye nohlolo: Uphengululo lwamanani lungabandakanya iidrafti ezinzima. Iinkundla ziya zibeka imida yexesha kwimpinda ye-fonsic(umz., “urhulumente kufuneka agqibezele uhlolo lwakhe ngeentsuku ezingama-60 aze abuye okanye atshabalalise nayiphi na i-data engakhutshelwanga."

Umzekelo wophawu olubalulekileyo [FLT] Riley v. California[2014] (i-2014 ivumile ukuba amapolisa afuna isiqinisekiso sokuphendla icellular phone, kwanesiganeko sokubanjwa. Lo mgaqo usetyenziswe kwii-laptop kunye namacwecwe abanjwe kwi IP uphando, ugxininisa imfuneko yokwenziwa, ugcino-lwazi lwe-PCDEcie.

Ucelomngeni Nokusikelwa Umda Kuqheliselo LweIP Olungenamsebenzi

Umthetho ozinzileyo kunye nentshukumo yocinezelo

Ukuba isiqinisekiso sifunyenwe singenasizathu esifanelekileyo okanye inyani, nabuphina ubungqina obubanjiweyo bungacinezelwa phantsi komthetho wokuzikhulula. Kumthetho we IP, unyanzelo lungabulala kwimeko kuba ubungqina bokuchasa (umz., iimpahla zenkohliso, ikhowudi yemvelaphi ephindaphindwayo) zisoloko zibubungqina obungundoqo bokwenza isazela. Amagqwetha okhuselo asoloko evavanya iziphumo zokuba i-affidavit iqulathe ulwazi oludala", umzekelo, uvavanyo oluthengwe ngenyanga ezintandathu ngaphambili alungqinelani ukuphikiswa kwangoku kweprojekthi yempahla engaphaya kwebround.

Abakhuseli Bolwandle kunye nomyalelo

Ukugcina isiqalelo sommangaliso, abaphengululi be-IP maxa wambi bacela ukuba isiqinisekiso sitywinwe de kuphunyezwe. Isiqinisekiso sokukhusela ixhoba ekutshabalaleni ubungqina. Noko ke, ukutywinwa kufuneka kugwetywe ngokubonisa ukuba ukuphanda kuzakubeka engozini uphando. Xa uphengululo lugqityiwe, itywina linyusiwe, kwaye ixhoba linelungelo lokuhlola i-affidavit (injongo yokubuyisela uphando oluqhubekayo).

Abalindelo

Kwezinye iimeko, abaphengululi bayazi ukuba ukuphazamisa iimpahla kuza kufika kwindawo ethile kwixesha elizayo, umzekelo, isikhongozeli sebhekile zenkohliso ezilindelwe kwizibuko. isiqinisekiso sokuziphendulela ivumela ukukhangela kuphumezwe xa imeko yokudubulisa (umz., ukuhanjiswa kwesikhongozeli) kwenzeke. I-ffidavit kufuneka ichaze isizathu sokuba kumele kubekho i-antio arnbon izakubakho xa isiqinisekiso siphunyezwa, hayi ngexesha nje lesicelo.

Iimeko Ezikhethekileyo

Izithintelo azisoloko zifuneka. Kwimeko ze-IP, oku kuvela ukuba abaqhathayo bakhuphe amaxwebhu okanye abacimi bephepha okanye bacime iifayile. Kodwa ke, iinkundla zinokukhangela ngokusondeleyo ezo ngxelo; urhulumente uthwala umthwalo wokungqina ukuba umphathi osengqiqweni ukholelwa ukuba inyathelo elikhawulezayo liyimfuneko.

Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo Okuphanda Namaqela Asemthethweni

Isicwangciso seNkqubo yangaphambili

  1. Uxwebhu lwamalungelo e-IP ngokucokisekileyo: Fumana iikopi eziqinisekisiweyo zobhaliso olugunyazisiweyo okanye uphawu, umxokelelwano wesihloko, naziphina izivumelwano zokufaka i-iP.
  2. Intengo elawulwayo: Thenga iimpahla ezifakelwayo okanye ukhuphelo lohlobo lokuvavanya imveliso etyholwayo ephazamisa ukuseka ikhonkco elithe ngqo kurhanelwa. Sebenzisa uthengiso olubhaliweyo kunye nekeyini (eye-glovla)
  3. [[FLT: 0] Ichaza zonke iindawo ezinokwenzeka: Iimpahla, iiofisi, iidilesi zasekhaya, iimoto, kunye nogcino lwamanani (iiakhawunti zelifu, iiseva ze email, iidrayivi zokhuselo).
  4. [[NTL: 0] Impompoza i-affidavit enenkcukacha: Sebenzisa isikhokelo esivela kwi-ofisi yengingqi ye-U.S. okanye ifektha yomthetho eva ukuxhuzula kwe-IP. Quka iimaphu, iifoto, kunye neengxelo zamanani zomdibaniso.
  5. [[FULT: 0] Ikhontrakthi negunya eligosayo: Kwimeko zolwaphulo-mthetho, sebenza nomncedisi we-U.Attoney (AUSA) ukuqinisekisa i-affidavit idibana nemigangatho yenkundla yasekuhlaleni. Kwimeko zasekuhlaleni, igqwetha lingacela umyalelo wokukhuthuka we-exxte noMphathiswano [ phantsi koMthetho weLanham okanye uMthetho wePatant.

Ukuphunyezwa Kwesiqhwala

  • [[FLT: 0] Jonga isiqinisekiso phambi kokuphendla. Ukuba isiqinisekiso sivumela ukuphangwa “zonke ii-sbeet zenkohliso” kodwa uluhlu lwamaphepha luquka izinto ezingangeniyo ekuhenjiseni, ezo kufuneka zishiywe ngaphandle kokuba ziwele kwenye indawo enqamlezayo (umz., imboniselo ecacileyo).
  • [[UMTL: 0] yenza uluhlu oluneenkcukacha zento yonke ebanjiweyo, kunye namaxesha kunye neefoto. nikeza ikopi kumntu ompahla yakhe yakhangelwa, njengoko kufunwa nguMthetho 41(f).
  • Izixhobo zamanani ezinendlela ezingcono zobuphini : sebenzisa iibloko zokubhala, iidrayivi zemifanekiso, kunye namaxabiso e-hash ukugcina ingqibelelo yobungqina.

Unikezelo lokukhangela lweposi

Emva kokwenziwa, urhulumente kufuneka abuyise isiqinisekiso kunye noluhlu lwengxelo ngexesha elibaluliweyo. Ukuba ukuxhuzula kubandakanya izinto ezingachazwanga kwisiqinisekiso, ezo zinto zingaba phantsi kwemvume eyahlukileyo erromal system khowudi [ okanye ingafuna ukubuyiselwa. Kwindawo ephakathi, amatyala okuxhuzula kufuneka athumele udibaniso ukugquma ukuba ukuxhuzula kujika ukujika okuphosakeleyo (umz, ukuba ixhoba aliphazanyiswanga).

Imbono Ethelekisayo: United States vs. European Union

Ngeli xesha uHlaliso lwesine lubodwa kwi-United States, ezinye imikhosi emininzi ineemfuno ezifanayo ezifunekayo kwi-EU, phantsi komthetho we- i-EUROPAN Investigation Order (EIO) ivumela ukuphengululwa kwe-translarensidensing kumazwe asemalungwini alwaphuli-mthetho IP. I-EIO ifuna igunya lomthetho kwi-onqanam esemthethweni ukufumana ukuba umlinganiselo uyimfuneko kwaye uyalingana, ngokufanayo nobangela olindelekileyo. Noko ke, i-EURC''''''''''''''' ukhuseleko lwe-Reglation (GLTRR)[FLT] imisela imiqathangongezelo yonikezelo lwemivo, efuna ukuchanalo lwe-data lokhuseleko phambi kokukhangela kogcino-data lobuqu.

Kwizibonelelo ezisemthethweni ezibandakanya iinqobo ezisesikweni (ITPs), amanye amazwe anjenge-Jamani neJapan aye avelisa iinkqubo zokuxhuzula ezilungiselelwe ukuphuma ngokuphulula izinto ezingenisiweyo kwimida, ngaphandle kwenkqubo yesithethe yemvume. I-International Trade Commission (ITC)[FLC] iyakwazi ukukhupha imiyalelo esetyenziswa njengemvume, ivumela i-U.S. izithethe zokurhoxisa imveliso esekelwe kumda wokufumana kwe-omatilor----agconfidi, ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso se-Chostlene solawulo, kuba ukuphengulula komda kuqaliwe.

Umthetho Nemikhwa Yamvanje

Izigqibo ezininzi zakutshanje ezidluliselweyo zicacise iimfuno zesiqinisekiso kwi-IP yophando. United States v. IGanians [2d Cir. 2016), inkundla yathi ukugcinwa ngokungenasiphelo kwekhompyutha enzima ekhutshelwe phantsi kwesiqinisekiso esigunyazisa ukuphanga iingxelo ezithile zemali kuphela okuchasene noMphetho-Mphetho wesiNyaka. Le meko igxininisa ukubaluleka kokubuya okanye ukutshabalalisa ugcino-lwazi olungasetyenziswangango-1963.

Enye intsingiselo kukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwe-data yejiyografi kunye needilesi ze-IP ukuchonga abachasi be-intanethi abangaziwayo. United States v. I-Camelo [4th Cir. 2023], inkundla ifuna ukuba imvume yogcino-lwazi lwembali lwe-Google ixhaswe ngokomthetho ngokomthetho luhlobo lomntu ngamnye onogcino-lwazi olufunwayo, oluneziphumo zemisebenzi yenkohliso kwingingqi yengingqi yengingqi esebenzisa iinkonzo ezifihlakeleyo.

Ekugqibeleni, unyuko lwephawu olungangeni mathandabuzo [[FFT]] kunye neempawu zamanani kwiplatfomu zeblokochain ziphakamise imiba yesiqinisekiso yenoveli. Abangenisi bafuna ukuqaqa okanye ukuthatha izinto zamanani ezidibene nokuchasana kufuneka zidibaniswe nentelekelelo efihlakeleyo kwaye zingafuna imfuneko eyahlukeneyo kwidilesi nganye yemali yemali.

Isiphelo

Ukumisa imfuneko ezifanelekileyo zokugunyaziswa nokuphandwa kophawu olusemthethweni kufuneka uphando oluchaphazelekileyo lomthetho-siseko, imithetho yesithethe, kunye nemimiselo ethile elawula ukugcinwa komthetho we-IP. Nokuba kusebenza ityala lobuxoki okanye ukuphangwa kwabemi phantsi koMthetho weLanham, abaphengululi kufuneka bakhe isiseko esicacileyo, idraftification accone systems, kwaye banamathele kwimida yezomthetho. Ngokubhekiselele kwinkqubo esemthethweni, ukunyanzelisa, izenzo zokugcina umthetho zihlala zisemthethweni kwaye ubungqina buhlala buvumelekile kwaye buhlala bukhusele onke amalungelo e-IP kunye ne-mfihlo.

Ukuqhubeka ufunda, jonga i U.S. i-ofisi ye-patent kunye ne-Trestmark ukwenzela izikhokelo zokuthwaxwa kophawu, kunye CCounterfeititing Intelligence Bureaunior Bureaunior [ ukwenzela imisebenzi engcono yezizwe ngezizwe. FBI]FI'S Amalungelo eempahla e-odwa kwakhona ikhupha oovimba bezicelo zegunyaziso kwimicimbi ye-IP.