Ukunyanzelisa Inkqubo yeNkundla yeLizwe: Ukhokelo Olusebenzisekayo Kubemi

Xa ungena kwinkundla yetyala yelizwana ("noba kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokwaphulwa kwetyala lenqwelo-moya, impikiswano yentsapho, ityala lokwenzakala kobuqu, okanye ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho elinokoyikeka ``imithetho nenkqubo zinokuziva zingeyoyabo kwaye zoyikekayo. Inkundla zeli lizwe zisingatha uninzi lwamatyala asemthethweni eUnited States, ukusuka kumatyala amancinane ukuya kutsho kumatyala anzulu. Ukuqonda imaphu yomgaqo ukusuka kwisigqibo sokugqibela kukunceda wenze izigqibo zolwazi, uphephe iimpazamo ezibiza imali eninzi, kwaye unciphise ixhala. Le ndlela ithelela amacandelo angundoqo athengingqiniswe ngabathathi-nxaxheba, kwaye inika icebiso elisebenzisekayo kuye nabani na obandakanyekileyo kwisigqibo sokuziphendulela.

Ukuqonda iNkundla yeSizwe iSigwebo neSimiselo

Ngaphambi kokuba ungene kumaqondo, kuyanceda ukuqonda apho ityala lidibana khona kwinkqubo yogwebo yelizwana lakho. Iinkundla zikarhulumente zilungelelaniswe kwithala lezinto, nganye inegunya elithile.

Iinkundla zetyala (Izityholo zoqobo)

Amatyala amaninzi aqala kwinkundla yamatyala. La ziinkundla apho kunikelwa khona ubungqina, amangqina, kwaye ijaji okanye abachopheli-tyala bagqiba izibakala. iinkundla zamatyala zeTrial zivela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

  • Iinkundla zolawulo ezidityanisiweyo: zisingatha imicimbi ethile efana namatikiti endlela, ii-state ezincinane (ngokuqhelekileyo phantsi kwexabiso elithile ledola), okanye iimbambano zomnini-ndlu.
  • Iinkundla zolawulo jikelele: zikwabizwa ngokuba ziinkundla eziphakamileyo, iinkundla zesiphaluka, okanye iinkundla zesithili] ziva onke amanye amatyala asekuhlaleni nawamatyala olwaphulo-mthetho, kuquka amatyala amakhulu, ulawulo lwasekuhlaleni, umthetho wentsapho, kunye neeprobate.
  • Iinkundla ezithe ngqo zeziyobisi, iinkundla zempilo yengqondo, kunye neenkundla zamava zinika ezinye iinkqubo zonyango ukwenzela izaphuli-mthetho ezithile.

Inkundla

Ukuba iqela liphulukana netyala kwaye likholelwa ukuba kwenzeke impazamo engokwasemthethweni, bangabhenela kwinkundla ephakamileyo. Amazwana amaninzi anenkundla yetyala ephakathi kwe-mediate appenellate nkundla (esoloko ebizwa ngokuba yiNkundla yezibheno) kunye ne ephakamileyo inkundla ephakamileyo (igunya eliphakamileyo kurhulumente kumthetho worhulumente). Izibheno azinatyala kwakhona; bagxininisa kusini na kwinkundla evavanyayo ukuba iwusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo umthetho.

Inkundla yeQumrhu

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ityala lakho likwinkundla karhulumente okanye karhulumente. Iinkundla zoMasipala zisingatha amatyala abandakanya imithetho karhulumente, imibuzo yezomgaqo-siseko, iimpikiswano phakathi kwabemi bamazwe (ngaphandle kwemali ethile), kunye nemibandela ethile engekho mthethweni okanye ehlawulwayo. Iimbambano ezininzi zemihla ngemihla. /iingxaki zemoto, iingozi zemoto, uqhawulo-mtshato, umnini-ndlu, kunye netyala lezolwaphulo-mthetho elininzi `zingaphathwa enkundleni yenkundla yephondo.

Ngokwahlukileyo kumahluko phakathi kolawulo lwesizwe nolombuso, bona U.S. ushwankathelo lwezithintelo zequmrhu lesizwe. Iinkundla zikarhulumente[[FLT: 1].

Isiqhoboshi 1: Ukujija kunye nokukhokela

Ityala ngalinye liqala ngoxwebhu olubizwa ngokuba lunengcaciso (kwimeko zoluntu) okanye information/information [kwimiba yolwaphulo-mthetho]. Umntu oqala ityala lilo [[FLT:] u-'FLT'] chaza-ncancapo' [[FLT:]] [FLT]] [[FLT]]]

Isikhalazo Okanye Isicelo

Isikhalazo sichaza isiseko esisemthethweni setyala, kwenzeke ntoni, nawuphi umthetho owaphukileyo, kwaye yeyiphi indlela efunwayo (imali, umyalelo wokwenza okanye wokuyeka ukwenza into, okanye, kwiimeko zolwaphulo-mthetho, isohlwayo). I-Placttiff kufuneka ikwafake ifayile ye impummons [, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ummangalelwa uyamangalelwa upheliswa kwaye unika umqathango wokuphendula.

Inkonzo yeNkqutyana

Ummangalelwa kufuneka axelelwe ngokusemthethweni. Oku kubizwa ngokuba unikezelo lwenkqubo. Umxhasi, umncedisi wenkqubo yeposi ogunyazisiweyo, okanye inkonzo egunyazisiweyo idlulisa isikhalazo kunye nezicelo. Ukuba inkonzo ayiphunyezwanga ngokuchanekileyo, inkundla isenokungabi nagunyaziso lwabuntu [[[FLT:] lomntu [[FLT]] kunommangalelwa, kwaye ityala lingagxothwa.

Indlela Ummeli Asabela Ngayo

Ummangalelwa kufuneka afake ifayile yempendulo [[FLT: 0] kwinani elicwangcisiweyo leentsuku (ngokuqhelekileyo 20-30 iintsuku). Impendulo iyavuma okanye iyakhanyela ityholo ngalinye kwaye ingaphakamisa ukhuseleko. Okanye, ummangalelwa angafaka ifayile ukhupho ukugxotha (ebizwa ngokuba yidever kumany mazwe athile), ephikisa ukuba nokuba yonke into echaphazelekayo ithi iyinyaniso, umthetho awuniki kukhululeka, ngokomzekelo, ngenxa yokuba umthetho wemiqathango uphelelwe lixesha.

Ii-Claims-Claims kunye nee-Antion zesithathu

Kwimeko ezintsonkothileyo, abamangalelwa banokuthi ngokuchasene namanye amaqela: umnqamlezo-macamelo ngokuchasene ne co-dendendint, okanye inxenye yesandiso secala [ ngokuchasene nomnye umntu ongekasekho kwimeko onokuba noxanduva lwenxenye okanye lonke ilahleko ye-camptiff.

Ukuntywila ngokunzulu kwimithetho yenkqubo yamakhaya elawula ukuncedwa, tyelela i [[FLT: 0] Cornell I-State Information I-Iqumrhu loLwimi lwemithetho yeCandelo (imithetho emininzi yorhulumente ilandela imilinganiselo efanayo).

Isiqhobosho 2: Iinkqubo zangaphambili — Ukufunyanwa Nentshukumo

Xa ukuncenga kugqityiwe, ityala lingena kwisigaba sangaphambi kovavanyo. Eli lelona nqanaba lide nelibiza kakhulu, kodwa kwakhona kulapho icala ngalinye lifunda khona amandla nobuthathaka bemeko yomchasi.

Umbuzo

Imfihlelo yinkqubo yokunikana ulwazi nobungqina. Icala ngalinye linelungelo lokufumana izinto ezifanelekileyo, ezingeyomfuneko kwelinye icala. Izixhobo zokufumana eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

  • Imibuzo ebhaliweyo emele iphendulwe phantsi kwesifungo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Izicelo zemveliso: Iimfuno zamaxwebhu, ii-imeyili, iifoto, okanye obunye ubungqina obubonakalayo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukwakhiwa:[ In-person, ubungqina obufungelweyo obuthatyathwe phambi kokuvavanywa, obusoloko busetyenziselwa ukugcina ubungqina okanye ukuqokelela izibakala.
  • [[UMTLL:0] Izicelo zokwamkelwa: iingxelo elinye icala ekumele livume okanye likhanye, lixinzelele imiba.

Ukufumanisa kusenokuquka izicelo zovavanyo lwezamayeza (kwizinto ezenzakalayo zobuqu) okanye ukuhlolwa kwempahla. Ukungahambelani nokufunyanwa kwento kungaphumela kwisigwebo, kuquka ukugxothwa kwezicelo okanye ukhuseleko.

Intshukumo zangaphambili

Phambi kokuchotshelwa kwetyala, omnye umntu angafaka intelekelelo ukucombulula imiba engokwasemthethweni okanye athintele oko kusenokunikelwa xa kuchongiwe. Intshukumo eqhelekileyo iquka:

  • [[UMTL: 0] I-Agues zesigwebo sesishwankathelo: Impikiswano yokuba akukho zibakala ziphikisanayo nokuba umthetho uvumela kwicala elinye. Ukuba uvunyiwe, ityala liphela ngaphandle kovavanyo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Umqukumbelo kwi limine: icela ijaji ukuba ingabufaki ubungqina obuthile (umz., ubungqina obucatshuliweyo okanye uvava) phambi kokuba ukuvavanywa kuqalise.
  • [[UMTL:0] Umbutho ukunyanzela: ufuna umyalelo wenkundla onyanzelisa elinye icala ukuba lithobele izicelo zokufumana.

Iingqungquthela zolawulo lomthetho neNkxaso yokuHlala

Abagwebi abaninzi babamba ingqungquthela yolawulo lweziphene [[FLT: 0]] kwangoko kwinkqubo yokumisela amaxesha okugqiba nokuxoxa ngokuhlaliswa. Iinkundla zisoloko zikhuthaza okanye zifuna enye impikiswano yesigqibo sempikiswano (ADR)] ethanda ukuva okanye ukuququzelelwa phambi kokuvavanywa. I-Mediation ibandakanya iqela elithathsathathathathi-nxaxheba elinceda amaqela anxibelelana nendlu; ulwamkelo lubandakanya ubundilele obuvayo kunye nesigqibo sesibopho okanye esingadibanisi. I-ADR iyakwazi ukugcina ixesha kunye nemali, kunye neemeko ezininzi kweli nqanaba.

Isicatshulwa 3: Ityala

Ukuba imigudu yokuhlalisa iyasilela kwaye inyathelo lokulungisa ityala alipheli, lo mbandela uqhubekela kwityala. Izilingo zingabanjelwa phambi komgwebi ( ityala lebhenki ) okanye ijaji lejaji. Amaqela anelungelo lomgaqo-siseko lokuvavanya ityala labagwebi kwityala elikhulu nakwiimeko zabemi ezibandakanya ngaphezu komlinganiselo othile (ngokufuthi $20 000 okanye ngaphezulu, kuxhomekeke kurhulumente).

Ukhetho

Phambi kokuba kuqalwe, igqibi likhethwa kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba i-oct. Ijaji kunye namagqwetha babuza abaququzeleli abanokubhenca ucalucalulo okanye ukungagqibeli. Icala ngalinye lingabetha inani elisikelweyo leejaji “ngesizathu” (umz., ukuvunywa kwecala) okanye ngaphandle kokunika isizathu (] ucelomngeni oluzinzileyo.

Ukuvula iNgxelo

Icala ngalinye linikela ingxelo emfutshane echaza into eza kuboniswa bubungqina. Le asiyompikiswano, kodwa liyimaphu yenkundla yabachopheli-tyala. I-poletiff okanye ingtshutshiso iqala.

Ukunikelwa Kobungqina

Iqela elizisa umba ( lichaza amaxwebhu, kwaye linikela ubungqina obuphathekayo. Emva kokuba ingqina ngalinye lifumene, iqela eliphikisanayo linelungelo lokubulala i-'[[FLT:]]4] i-actal-equality] kulwaphulo-mthetho) lichaza umcimbi walo-okuqala. Babiza amangqina, bazise amaxwebhu, kwaye banike ubungqina obuphathekayo. Emva kokuba ingqina ngalinye lichasamele, iqela linelungelo lokufumana [[[FLT:]] i-equastamine[. Ukhuselo lunikela ityala lalo, ngenkqubo efanayo. Ipesenti inganikela ubungqina obukhatywayo.

Iintshukumisa Zokugwetywa Ngokungqalileyo Okanye Zokugwetywa

Emva kwemeko ye-paltiff, nasemva kobungqina bonke, ukuzikhusela kungaqhubekeka kwisigqibo esilathisiweyo (ityala) okanye ukugwetywa kwetyala [ (ityala), ukuphikisa ukuba ubungqina abulunelanga kangangokuba akukho mgwebi unobungcathu ofanelekileyo ongafumana kwelinye icala. Le ntshukumo inqabile ukunikwa ukuba umgcini-tyala unike nabuphi na ubungqina obucacileyo.

Impikiswano Zokuvala

Igqwetha ngalinye lishwankathela ubungqina lize lichaze isizathu sokuba abachopheli-tyala bakhethe ukuxhasa inkundla.

Imiyalelo yengoma kunye nonikezelo

Ijaji iyalela abachopheli-mgwebi kumthetho osebenza kwityala. Abachopheli-mthetho ngoko bathatha umhlala-phantsi ukuze baphumele kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho ngasese. Kufuneka bafikelele isigqibo esimanyeneyo kwiimeko ezininzi (ezininzi) nakwimeko zabemi (amanye avumela izigqibo ezincinci ezikhoyo-unival kwiimeko zasekuhlaleni). Ukuba abavumi, ijaji ingavakalisa ityala [[FLT: 0] imiqulu-mrhu, kwaye icala lisenokuphinda lifakwe.

Isigwebo Nomgwebo

Ijaji ibuyisela isigqibo. Kwityala loluntu, isigqibo sichaza ukuba liliphi iqela eliphumeleleyo kwaye, ukuba ummangali uphumelele, isixa somonakalo. Kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho, isigqibo sisithi “alinatyala” okanye“alinatyala.” Ngoko ijaji ingena ityala elisekelwe kwisigqibo. Kwityala lebhedri, ijaji ikhupha isigqibo esibhaliweyo ngeziphumo zenyani neziphelo zomthetho.

Isicatshulwa 4: Intshukumo yePost-Trini kunye nokungena komgwebo

Emva kwesigqibo naphambi kwesibheno, iqela elilahlekileyo lingayi fayile yentshukumo zasemva kovavanyo. Ezi ziquka:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukuququzelela ukuvavanywa okutsha: Impikiswano ethi iimpazamo ezingokwasemthethweni okanye ukuziphatha okubi kwakhusela ukuvavanywa ngokufanelekileyo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukusetyenziswa kwesigwebo phezu kwesigwebo (JNOV): icela ijaji ukuba igqithe kwisigqibo sabachopheli-tyala njengengenangqiqo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukutshintsha okanye ukuphelisa ugwebo: izicelo zitshintsha kumlinganiselo womgwebo okanye amanye amagama.

Xa ezi zintshukumo zisombululwe (okanye ukudlula kwexesha), umgwebo uba ngummiselo. Kumatyala olwaphulo-mthetho, ukugunyaziswa kungalandela isigqibo. Ukugwetywa kwetyala kuqwalasela oothunywa abafana nobuqatha bolwaphulo-mthetho, ingxelo yolwaphulo-mthetho lommangalelwa, kunye neengxelo zeziphumo zexhoba. Ityala liquka intelekelelo, inkonzo yoluntu, okanye ukuvalelwa entolongweni.

Isiqhoboshi 5: Izibheno

Asiyotyala ngalinye elinokukhalazwa. Izibheno zilinganiselwe kwiimpazamo ezisemthethweni ezinokuchaphazela isiphumo. Iqela elinomtsalane yi appant; umchasi yi appelle.

Inkqubo Eza Kufikelelwa Ngayo

Iifayile ezidityanisiweyo zi- uphawulo lwesibheno kummiselo omfutshane wonyaka (okanye iintsuku ezingama-30 ukusuka kumgwebo wokugqibela). Inkundla evavanyayo ilungisa [ ekufakeni isibheno [] `iiirekhodi, iiprojekthi, imiboniso, kunye nezibongozo. Zombini ezi zibeka [[FLT:]] ii- briefs eziphikisa isizathu sokuba isigqibo senkundla setyala siphendulwe, sivunyiwe, okanye silungiswe.

Kwiinkundla ezininzi eziphakathi, ityala liviwa yiqela labagwebi abathathu. Icala ngalinye lifumana ixesha elilinganiselweyo (ngokuqhelekileyo 15-30 imizuzu) yengxoxo [[FLT: 0] eqhubekayo. Abagwebi babuza imibuzo kwaye ngoko ngabom. Inkundla ye-applate inga:

  • [[FLT: 0] Isiqinisekiso [[FLT: 1] isigqibo senkundla esezantsi.
  • [[UMTL: 0] buyisela umva isigqibo kwaye ungenise umgwebo wesambuku.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ityala libuyele kwinkundla evavanyiweyo ukwenzela ukuvavanywa okutsha okanye ukuqhubekeka kwemicimbi.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Lungisa ugwebo (umzekelo, nciphisa imbasa yomonakalo).

Noko ke, ezi nkundla ziphakamileyo zamkela kuphela ipesenti encinane yamatyala, ngokuqhelekileyo lawo abandakanya imibuzo ebalulekileyo engokwasemthethweni okanye izigqibo ezingqubanayo ezivela kwiinkundla eziphantsi.

Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ngendlela iinkundla zikarhulumente ezisebenza ngayo, bona i Iziko lesizwe leNkundla yeRhulumente yengqikelelo yenkqubo yeziphumo zemali .

Amacebiso Asebenzisekayo Kubemi Abaqhutywa Ngenkqubo Yenkundla

Ukuba Ngumagwele Xa Unako

Ngelixesha ezinye iintengiso ezincinci okanye iimeko ezilula zomjaho wendlela zinokuphathwa ipro se (kuziququzelo zakho), amatyala amaninzi angenelwa kwigqwetha eliyaziyo imithetho yasekuhlaleni, abagwebi, kunye neenkqubo. Ukuba awunako ukufikelela kwigqwetha, jonga kwi uncedo lwe-palg, iinkonzo zesikolo, iikliniki zesikolo, okanye umkhuseli kawonke-wonke-wonke we-ofisi ye-ofisi (ukufuna izityholo zolwaphulo-mthetho).

Gcina Ubungqina Obupheleleyo

Bhala yonke into: imihla, amaxesha, incoko, iirisithi, kunye noqhagamshelwano. Gcina imibhalo yazo zonke iirekhodi zenkundla nemiyalelo. Ifayile elungelelanisiweyo inceda igqwetha lakho kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba awuphoswa lixesha elipheleleyo.

Inkundla Ebonisa Intlonelo

Ukungawufumani umlinganiselo wonyaka kunokuthetha ukuphulukana nelungelo lokuphendula okanye kwanokupheliswa kwetyala lakho.

Ukuqonda Iindleko

Ukubhalisa ityala kungabiza imali eninzi. Ukongeza kwiindleko zamagqwetha, ungahlawula iindleko zemali, iindleko zokugcina imali, iindleko zoogcisa bobungqina, neendleko zemali zokuchophela ityala. Iimeko ezininzi zivumela abahlawuli ukuba bahlawule imali encinane. Buza kunomabhalane malunga neefomu ezikhoyo.

Hlala Uzolile Yaye Unamava Enkundleni

Ijaji nejaji ziveza indlela esekelwe kwindlela oziphatha ngayo. Nxiba ngokufanelekileyo, chaza ijaji ngokuthi “Imbeko yakho,” ungaphazamisani nabanye, uze ulandele isimilo senkundla. Ukubethana ngokweemvakalelo okanye impatho erhabaxa inokuba buhlungu kuwe.

Hlola Uzinzo Nenkqubo Eyingozi Kuyo Yonke Ingxaki

Nokuba uqinisekile kwimeko yakho, ukulungisa kungalondoloza ixesha, imali, kunye noxinzelelo lwemvakalelo. [[FLT: 0] Intsingiselo esoloko iphumela kwizisombululo zokwakha ezingenakuyalelwa yinkundla. Thetha negqwetha lakho malunga nokuhlaliswa kwemiqathango kunye nomngcipheko wokuvavanywa.

Ukuqwalaselwa Ngokukhethekileyo: Ityala Lezaphuli - mthetho

Ngoxa amacandelo aqhelekileyo efana, amatyala olwaphulo - mthetho nawasekuhlaleni aneemeko ezibalulekileyo.

Amatyala Ezaphuli - mthetho

  • [[UMTL:0] Ibheji yobungqina: "Ungaqiniseki olusengqiqweni” (ukuphakama kakhulu).
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] ekunene kuvavanyo olukhawulezileyo: oluqinisekiswe ngumGaqo-siseko; amatyala acwangcisiweyo exesha elimiselweyo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] ekunene ukuba uhlale uthule: Awunako ukunyanzeleka ukuba unikele ubungqina ngawe ngokwakho.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Ilungelo kwigqwetha: Ukuba awunako ukufikelela enye, inkundla iza kumisela umkhuseli kawonke-wonke wetyala elithwala ixesha lasentolongweni.
  • Iziphumo ezicacileyo: Ukukhupha, ukukhulula, ukuthembeka, ukucetyiswa. Isigwebo siquka intengiso, ukugcinwa okanye ukuvalelwa.

Ityala Lelizwe

  • Ibhedi yobungqina: “ingqwalasela yobungqina” (ngokunokwenzeka kakhulu) kwiimeko ezininzi;“icacile kwaye yeyisela” kwezinye (umz., ukuqhatha, ukupheliswa kwamalungelo obuzali).
  • Icandelo: abantu ngabanye, amashishini, okanye amaqumrhu karhulumente amangalelana.
  • Iziphumo: Imposiso yemonetary, imiqathango (imiyalelo yokwenza okanye ukuyeka ukwenza into ethile), imigwebo yokukhupha imitha (amalungelo acacileyo), okanye umsebenzi othile (ukunyanzela iqela ukuzalisekisa isivumelwano).
  • [[UMTL: 0] Akukho lungelo kwigqwetha: Amaligi angaphakathi kufuneka aqeshe igqwetha lawo okanye avele ipro se.

Isiphelo

Inkqubo yenkundla yephondo, nangona intsonkothile, ilandela ulandelelwano olusengqiqweni olulungiselelwe ukuqinisekisa okusesikweni kunye nenkqubo efanelekileyo. Ukusukela ekuncenceleni kokuqala ukuya kwisibheno, iqonga ngalinye lifeza injongo: ukuchaza imibandela, ukuqokelela ubungqina, ukuvavanya iingcamango zomthetho, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukucombulula iingxoxo. Ngokuqonda le maphu yendlela, abemi bayakwazi ukuqhuba inkqubo, banxibelelane ngokunempumelelo namagqwetha abo, kwaye benze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo malunga nexesha lokulwa nokuhlala. Enoba ungummangalelwa, ummangalelwa, umfundisi, okanye umphengululi, uyakwazi oko kulindele ukuthotyelwa nokufumana amandla okungaqinisekiyo ekulandeleni okusesikweni.

Kuoovimba abongezelelweyo kwiinkqubo zenkundla kurhulumente wakho, qala ngewebhsayithi yakho yenkundla yezomthetho yenkundla yelizwe , ebonelela ngenkcazo, imithetho, kunye namaziko okuzinceda. Imanyano yeMelika Bar ye-“Indlela Osebenza Ngayo” ungcelele lweengcaciso ezinzulu zenkqubo zorhulumente nezorhulumente.