Ukubaluleka Okukhulayo Kolawulo Lwamanzi Asekelwe Kuluntu

Ukunqongophala kwamanzi nomgangatho wamanzi kuyakhula emhlabeni wonke, kuqhutywa kukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukwanda kwabantu, nokukhuphisana kweemfuno zolimo, ezoshishino, kunye neentsapho. Kulo mongo, ulawulo lwamanzi olusekelwe kuluntu luye lwavela njengendlela enamandla, esekelwe ekuhlaleni ephelelisa ungenelelo oluphezulu lorhulumente. Ngokubeka igunya lokwenza izigqibo kunye noxanduva lokusebenza kwizandla zabasebenzi basekuhlaleni, ezimodeli bemi, ezi zimodeli zinganikezela ngokuqinileyo, ezinokulinganayo, kunye neziphumo ezizinzileyo kuneenkqubo ezicetyiweyo ezicetyiweyo. Ulawulo lwamanzi olusekelwe kuluntu alungokuphela kwendlela yokumisa nje imimandla ekude; lugqalwa ngokuba luphawulwe njengelungu elibalulekileyo lolawulo lwamanzi olulungeleyo, kwaye luye lukwazi ukuphumelela, ukumelana nezi meko ezi meko zobuchule.

Yintoni Ulawulo Lwamanzi Olusekelwe Kuluntu?

Ulawulo lwamanzi asekelwe kuluntu lubhekisela kwinkqubo apho abantu basekuhlaleni belungelelaniswa khona ngonxulumano lwabasebenzisi, intsebenziswano, okanye iikomiti ezingacwangciswanga ngezantsi ngokungqalileyo ekucwangcisweni, ekusebenzeni, ekulungisweni, nasekulawuleni konikezelo lwamanzi, ugcino-lwazi, kunye neenkqubo zokunkcenkcenkceshela. Kunokuba babe ngabathengi abangasebenziyo, amalungu oluntu aba ngabaphathi abakhutheleyo bobuncwane bamanzi. Le modeli ibaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo apho isakhiwo samanzi esisembindini singekho, singathembeka, okanye singabikho, njengakwimimandla emininzi yasemaphandleni ye-Substan Afrika, uMzantsi Asia, kunye nelase-Latin America.

Indlela eyakhelwe kumgaqo wobuncinci: izigqibo kufuneka zenziwe kumgangatho ophantsi olindelekileyo wegunya. Ngokusebenzisa ulwazi lwengingqi lwenqanawa enamaphiko, ukuguquguquka kwamaxesha, ii-internet, kunye nemigaqo elawulayo, imodeli esekelwe kuluntu, zingaziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza nokutshintsha kweemeko. Zikwafuna ukukhuthaza ukuphucula okungcono ngenxa yokuba abasebenzisi banentengo engqalileyo kubude benkqubo. Impumelelo yemodeli, noko, ixhomekeke kwimeko-nkqubo exhasayo enika ulwaluko olusemthethweni, ukumisa ubuchule, ukufikelela kwimali, ukufikelela kwisigqibo sempikiswano.

Iimpawu Ezingundoqo

  • Isakhiwo kunye nolawulo zezengingqi okanye eziququzelelwa luluntu, hayi ngombutho wangaphandle.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukwenza isigqibo secandelo: onke amalungu anelizwi ekumiseleni imithetho, abaphathi-majoni, kunye nezicwangciso zogcino.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ingxelo yemali noxanduva: iingxelo zemali, ukwabiwa kwamanzi kwezigqibo, kunye ne-data yomsebenzi yabelwa ekuhleni.
  • Amalungu afumana uqeqesho kubuchule bobugcisa, bomphathi, kunye nobuchule bemali.
  • Iinkqubo ezizimo ezizimo ezithe zaguquka ngokusekelwe kwizifundo ezifundiweyo, ukuguquguquka kwemozulu, kunye nokutshintsha komsebenzisi.

Amalungu e-intshi empumelelo yolawulo lwamanzi olusekelwe kuluntu

Xa uluntu ngalunye luhlukile, iinkqubo zolawulo zamanzi eziphumelelayo zineenzame eziliqela ezisisiseko. Ukuqonda ezi nxalenye kunceda abaqulunqi benkqubo noogqirha baxhase iinkqubo ezikhuthaza kunokuthob

Ukhokelo Lwasekuhlaleni Oluphumelelayo

Iinkokeli ezinamandla, ezithembekileyo zibalulekile ekuququzeleleni inyathelo elingumanyano, ekucombululeni iingxabano, nasekulondolozeni imilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Kwiimeko ezininzi eziphumelelayo, iinkokeli ziphuma phakathi koluntu kwaye zinokuphendula kwikomiti enyuliweyo. Zisenokuba ngabadala besithethe, iintloko zeqela lamabhinqa, okanye abameli bolutsha. Iimpawu ezingundoqo ziquka ingqibelelo, ubuchule bonxibelelwano, kunye nomdla wobugcisa. Iinkqubo zokuphuhlisa inkqubo yokukhuthaza iimfazwe, ulawulo lwemali, kunye nokujongwa kwamanzi ngokuphawulekayo, zikhuthaza ukuphumelela kolawulo lwengingqi.

Ukulungiselela Okuqukayo

Izigqibo zolawulo lwamanzi zichaphazela wonke umntu, kodwa amabhinqa, abefundisi, namaqela aphantsi asoloko ekhutshwa kwizikhewu zesithethe zokwenza izigqibo. Iimodeli eziphumelelayo zidala ngabom iindlela zokucwangcisa: iintlanganiso zikawonke-wonke, iikomiti ezilinganiswe ngendidi yelungu, kunye nohlolo lwentsingiselo ethe rhoqo. Ukusebenzisa imaphu yecandelo rhoqo kunganceda ekuboneni yonke imithombo yamanzi, ukukhuphisana komsebenzi, kunye nokuvakala kwamaxesha athile. Xa onke amazwi eviwa, izicwangciso eziziphumo zibonakala zivuma kwaye zixhaswa.

Ukwakha ngokufanelekileyo nenkxaso yobuchule

Amalungu oluntu awazalwa enobuchule bokwenza uthungelwano olunemibhobho, uvavanyo lwengcoliseko yeentsholongwane, okanye agcine impompo enamandla elanga. Isakhiwo esihambayo sobuchule (ngoqeqesho loqeqesho, ukuqesha, kunye nokutshintshisana) nolwakhiwo lobugcisa kunye nobuchule bokufaka inxaxheba olufunekayo ekusebenziseni iinkqubo. Iinkqubo ezininzi ezinempumelelo ezisebenza kunye neeyunivesithi zasekuhlaleni, ii-NGO, okanye iinkonzo zolwandiso lukarhulumente ukunikezela ngolu ncedo ngaphandle kokwenza ugcino-mqobo.

Ukulondolozwa kweNgxelo yeMali

Inkqubo yamanzi asetyenziswa ngabemi iza kusilela ukuba akukho mali yokulungisa, umbane, okanye indawo yokubuyisela. Ukulondolozwa kwemali kufuna intlawulo edityanisiweyo yomsebenzisi, iminikelo yorhulumente wasekuhlaleni, maxa wambi nezipho ezingaphandle. Umrhumo ocacileyo, i-akhawunti yogcino-mali, kunye nophicotho-zincwadi oluthe rhoqo lwakha ukuthemba ukuba imali iza kusetyenziselwa injongo ecetyisiweyo. Ezinye iindawo zimisele imali yokuhlawula imali evumela iidolophana ezininzi ukwabelana ngeendleko zokulungiswa kweempahla ezinkulu.

Ukugqalwa Kwasemthethweni Nakwiziko

Ngaphandle kokuma okusemthethweni, amaqumrhu abaphathi bamanzi oluntu akanakuvula ii-akhawunti zebhanki, isayina, okanye akhusele amalungelo awo amanzi enkundleni. Ugunyaziso lukarhulumente.

Indima yenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo kwiimodeli zoLuntu ezisekelwe

Kwanabona bantu banako ukuphumelela kwinkqubo engenayo. Ukusingqongileyo okuxhasayo kusebenza njengesixhobo sokuhlisa isantya, kunceda amanyathelo asekuhlaleni okuphumelela nokulingana. Ngaphandle kwayo, abaphathi bentlalo basoloko bebuthathaka kwaye bebodwa.

Imisebenzi Yesakhelo esisemthethweni

Oorhulumente bangamisela imithetho echaza ngokucacileyo ukuba umanyano lwabasebenzisi bamanzi basekuhlaleni (C-UA) njengemibutho esemthethweni enamalungelo kunye neembopheleleko. Umzekelo, [[FLT: 0] ISYH ibalaselisa ukuba amazwe afana neNepal neGhana adlulise iQebo Lomsebenzisi Wamanzi Imisebenzi enika la maqumrhu amalungelo okulawula ubuncwane bamanzi, iindleko zelevy, kunye nokunyanzeliswa yimithetho. Inkxaso esemthethweni inika uluntu intembelo yokuba ixesha kunye nemali esetyenziswa kwinkqubo ephucukileyo.

Iinkqubo zoncedo lwezemali nolobugcisa

Inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo kufuneka idlule ngaphaya kobuchule bokuthetha. Inkxaso yonikezelo lwemijelo yamanzi alawulwa ngabantu. Imali enikezelwayo efana nezibonelelo zoluntu, imali engqinelanayo, okanye imali-mboleko ephantsi kakhulu yemali-mali, //izinto ezixhaswa ngemali zokuhlaziywa, uqeqesho, kunye nokugada. Iiyunithi zoncedo lobugcisa kwisithili okanye kumgangatho wesizwe zinganika ubuchule, uvavanyo lwamanzi, kunye nokudubula kwengxaki. IBhanki yehlabathi [[FLT:]

Ukupheliswa korhwebo noXopho loMmandla kaRhulumente

Xa oorhulumente besizwe besebenzisa igunya leenkonzo zamanzi kumaqela karhulumente ommandla, la maqumrhu angasebenzisana okanye axhase ulawulo loluntu. Imithetho emisela iindima ezicacileyo kwiindibano zesithili, koomasipala, okanye kumabhunga asemaphandleni (ukuhambisana noqingqo-mali kunye nabasebenzi abafunekayo) nokuveliswa kwesiseko sendlela ezisekelwe kuluntu.

Izixhobo ezilawulayo zokuphendula

Abaphathi boluntu asilophepha-mvume lokuba urhulumente arhoxe ngokupheleleyo. Iinkqubo zolawulo kufuneka ziquke imigangatho encinane yenkonzo, izalathiso zomgangatho wamanzi, kunye neenkqubo zokukhalaza. Ukujonga okuzimeleyo ngabalawuli besizwe okanye imibutho yoluntu kungalungiselela ulawulo ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwemincinane. Umzekelo, inkqubo yoPhuhliso lwamanzi yaseTanzania ibandakanya indima yeBhunga leSizwe lamaManzi nelokuGawulayo ukuphiconga ukwenziwa kolawulo lwasekuhlaleni.

Ukuququzelela umgaqo-nkqubo Kwamacala

Abaphathi bamanzi abanakwahlulwa kusetyenziso lomhlaba, kwezolimo, kwimpilo okanye kwimfundo. Iinkqubo zobuqhophololo ezidibanisa amanzi, ugutyulo, kunye nococeko (WASH) nokunkcenkceshela, ulawulo olunyibilikisiweyo, kunye nokutshintsha imozulu kwandisa impembelelo yemo yemo yentlalo. Ucwangciso oludityanisiweyo phakathi kweenkonzo kunye nenkqubela-phambili luqinisekisa ukuba uluntu lufumane inkxaso edityanisiweyo, umzekelo, ukunxulumanisa ulwakhiwo lwamanzi kunye neenkonzo zolwandiso lwezo.

Uphando lwetyala: Ulawulo lwamanzi olusekelwe kuluntu luyasebenza

Ukuze sibone indlela le migaqo esebenza ngayo, sihlolisisa imizekelo emibini eyahlukileyo kodwa efundisayo evela kwimimandla eyahlukahlukeneyo.

IiKomiti Zamanzi Zasemaphandleni EGhana

EGhana, iikomiti zamanzi nokhuseleko loluntu kunye neekomiti zolawulo-nkqubo (CWSC) beziyisiseko sonikezelo lwamanzi asemaphandleni kangangamashumi eminyaka. Phantsi kweNkqubo yeSizwe soLuntu kunye ne-Santiation, iCWSC iqatshelwa ngokusemthethweni, iqeqeshiwe, ixhaswe ngamaqela obugcisa besithili. Iikomiti ziqokelela iimali zomsebenzi, zigcine imingxube, iinkqubo zemingxube emincinane, kwaye zinike ingxelo yokuya kwindibano yesithili. Uphando lwaminyaka leveki lwe-operal'iiiiiiinjini ye-D Inkampani yezemfundo zamanzi esebenzayo, ezinolwayo, ezineziqeqeshine kakhulu zinenani elingaphezulu (ngaphezu kwama-85%) xa kuthelekiswa nalawo asekhohlo enkxaso. Iimeko ezingundoqo zaziquka ukujikeleza rhoqo, ukuhlaziya kunye nokufikelela kwiindawo ezinkonkcelelwa kwimimandla yesithili.

IiNtlangano zokuBonisa Isantya ENepal

INepal inesithethe eside senkqubo zokunkcenkceshela ezilungiselelwe ngumlimi (FMIS), ezinye ezimiselwe emva kweenkulungwane. Ukususela ngo-1990, urhulumente uye wasebenzisana nala maqela angacwangciswanga kwinkqubo yokuDlulisa, ewanika imo esemthethweni njengeeMater User User Associations Associations (WUAs) kwaye enika inkxaso yemali yokulungisa inkqubo. Umthetho we-WU umisela imithetho yabo yokwabiwa kwamanzi, ukulungelela, ucwangciso, kunye nocoselelo lwengxabano. Ufundo oluvela kulawulo I-NTARGUPUS[FT] Iqela Lolawulo Lolawulo Lomsebenzisi lwabonisa ukuba i-Agedged iprojectivestings zolawulo olusebenzayo kurhulumente wokusasazwa kwamanzi, ubunjani, ubugobo bemveliso. Imeko lwe-compume-omati ye-omati.

Ucelomngeni Namathuba

Nangona kukho amabali amaninzi empumelelo, ulawulo lwamanzi oluseluntwini lujongene nocelomngeni oluzingisileyo olufuna umgaqo-nkqubo nezisombululo ezisebenzayo.

Izithintelo Eziqhelekileyo

  • [[UMTHETHO:0] Imilinganiselo yezentengiso neyezezimali: Iikomiti ezininzi azinayo imali okanye ubuchule bokulungisa iimpompo ezintsonkothileyo okanye ukunyanga imiba yomgangatho wamanzi. Iinkqubo zingawa ekulungiseni isakhiwo emva kwesiphelo senkxaso-mali yokuqala.
  • I-Internective ehamba phambili: Ngamanye amaxesha amaqela aphezulu asekuhlaleni abamba iikomiti ukuze afumane inzuzo yobuqu, aphambukisa imali okanye axhasa amaqabane athe anikwa amanzi. Iinkqubo zokuphendulana ezibuthathaka zivumela oku ukuba kuqhubeke.
  • [[NTLA] IGeneser kunye neNtlalo Exclusion: Kwanakwiikomiti ezizichazayo ngokuziintloko, amabhinqa namaqela acetyisiweyo asoloko ekhutshelwa ngaphandle kwindima zokhokelo kunye nokwenza izigqibo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwindawo yokuqala engabonisi mfuneko zawo.
  • Ukuguquguquka okumanyeneyo: Izantyalantyala zemvula, kunye nokutshintsha kwemilinganiselo yemvula yoxinzelelo loluntu olulungiselelwe iimeko zembali. Umbilini wokuziqhelanisa usoloko usezantsi.
  • [[UMTL:0] Izithintelo ezinika isantya: Oko kusebenza kwidolophana enye akunakufutshaniswa lula kwizithethe ezahlukeneyo, inqanawa ehamba ngamanzi, kunye nemeko yezoqoqosho. Inkxaso yethala lenqanawa ingenisa ingeniso yovimba.

Ukutshintsha Ucelomngeni Lube Ngamathuba

Le miqobo ikwayimivulelo yokusungula iinguqulelo. Unyuko lwezobugcisa bezimvo ezinamaxabiso aphantsi kunye neeplatfomu zemali ezihambayo zivumela uluntu ukuba luqwalasele amanzi ahamba kude kwaye luqokelele iimali ngombane, lunciphise ubusela kunye nokwanda kokubonakala. Imigaqo yemo yezulu inokuba yinxalenye yolwakhiwo olutsha kunye neeprojekthi zokubuyisela izinto. Ukuququzelelwa kwebutho labantu kungaqiniswa ngomlinganiselo, uqeqesho lwamabhinqa, kunye noophicoselelo-zincwadi. Oorhulumente kunye namaqumrhu ophuhliso-lwazi anokufumana "uqilima" ukusondela "kwendlela yokuqinisa isixokelelwano" ukufikelela kunyaka onyaka onyaka, ubuchule, kunye nokulungisa okugcina ulawulo lwebutho kumaxesha amaninzi.

Imigaqo Yexesha Elizayo Yomgaqo-nkqubo Noqheliselo

Ukukhangela phambili, iprojekthi ezininzi nezinto eziza kuqala ziguqula indaleko yolawulo lwamanzi olusekelwe kuluntu.

Ukuhambelana nokucwangciselwa kokutshintsha kwemozulu

Njengoko uxinzelelo lwamanzi lusanda, imodeli ezisekelwe kulwando lwemozulu kufuneka zifakwe kwiindlela ezibanzi zokulungisa imozulu. Oku kuthetha ukuxhasa uluntu ukuvelisa iiplani ezibangela imbalela, ukuqokelela imithombo yamanzi (umz., ukugawulwa kwamanzi emvula, ukuvuselelwa kwemozulu yasemhlabeni), kunye nokwamkela ubugcisa bemozulu. Izithethe ezidibanisa ulawulo lwamanzi akwiqondo lasekuhlaleni elimanzi athenjiswe kumgangatho ophantsi zinganceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukunyuka komsinga kunye nomzantsi wemida ziyasebenzisana kunokuba zikhuphisane.

Ukubuyiselwa kwamanani kunye nezigqibo zogcino-lwazi ezisetyenziswayo

Izixhobo zamanani ezinokufumaneka ngezantsi, ezifana nokuvavanywa kwamanzi asekelwe kwi-cellphone, izivo zempompo ezizenzekelayo, kunye neebhodi zokuhlola kunye nogcino-lwazi lwasekuhlaleni. I-policies ekhuthaza ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo nenika izibonelelo zezixhobo zamanani inganceda ukutsiba umgangatho wamandla esithethe. Noko ke, kufuneka ulumko ukuze kuphephe umahluko wamanani ozikhuphayo ezona ntlalo zisengozini.

Ukomeleza Indawo Esingqongileyo Ethanda Ukungcakaza

Kwaneyona mifuziselo ilungileyo yoluntu ayinakuphumelela ngaphandle kokuba imekobume yexesha elizayo. Imigudu yenkqubo yexesha elizayo kufuneka ijolise kuyo: (a) ukwenza lula iinkqubo zokubhalisa ezisemthethweni zeentlangano zoluntu, (b) ukuseka imilinganiselo ecacileyo yokunikezelwa kweenkonzo elungelelanisa ukulungelelanisa ukulungelelanisa ukuphendulana, (c) ukuyila iinkqubo zexesha elide zenkxaso-mali (umz., imali yamanzi yesizwe) efumaneka kumaqela oluntu, kunye (d) nokukhuthaza amaqonga okufunda apho uluntu lwabelana khona namava nezenzo ezintle.

Ulawulo oluqulunqileyo nolungaqukiyo

Ukulingana kufuneka kususwe ukusuka kumsebenzi osecaleni ukuya kumgaqo ongundoqo. Imithetho yokuziphatha kufuneka igunyazise iikomiti ezilungelelanisa ubudoda, ifuna izicwangciso zokhuseleko lwamanzi oluntu ezithetha ngeemfuno zamaqela asweleyo, kwaye ibonelele amajelo akhuselekileyo ezikhalazo. Ukudityaniswa komzimba akuyondlela yokulungisa imilinganiselo engcono yobugcisa njengoko iimbono ezahlukeneyo ziphucula ingxaki exutywayo.

Ulawulo olunengcebiso nabaSebenzi abaNgqibileyo

Abaphathi abasekelwe kuluntu abathethi ukuba uluntu luyekwa ngokupheleleyo. Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zibandakanya amaqabane afumana intsebenziswano amaninzi: oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banika ulawulo, i-NGOs ibonelela ngesakhiwo somsebenzi, amalungu oshishino noncedo lwamalungu omgangatho wabucala, kunye nehambo yophando olusetyenzisiweyo. Iinkqubo zomgaqo-nkqubo ezichaza ngokucacileyo iindima kwaye zivelise izikhuthazo zentsebenziswano zinokubanceda ukuxhasa obu budlelane ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Isiphelo

Ulawulo lwamanzi olusekelwe kuluntu asiyondawo yokulungisa, kodwa kuyindlela eqinisekisiweyo, engqineke isebenza ngokubeka abantu kwiziphakamiso zezigqibo ezichaphazela ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Ngokudibanisa ukhokelo lwasekuhlaleni, ucwangciso oluquka ukwakhiwa, ukwakhiwa kobuchule, kunye nokuxhaswa kwemali ngenkxaso eqinileyo yenkqubo, ubuchule, uncedo, kunye nemali eyaneleyo yokuxhasa inkxaso-mali. /ukuxhasa ngokufanelekileyo/ukuxhasa iinkonzo zamanzi ezinokuthenjwa zezigidi. Iimeko-zo zezonyango zikho ngokwenene, kodwa azinakoyiswa ngokungenakungagobeki. Ngokusetyenziswa kobugcisa, ukugxininisa ekulungiseni ulwazi, kunye nokuzinikela ekulungiseni ulwazi olusekelwe ekuhlaleni, ulawulo lwamanzi olusekelwe kuluntu lunokuba lisesona scelo lwesiseko sokhuseleko samanzi kwixesha lokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza.