Ukuqonda Umhlaba Onezindlu Ezininzi

Izindlu ezinokuhlawulelwa ziselunye lwezona zinzima ezijongene noluntu kulo lonke elaseUnited States nakulo lonke ihlabathi. Xa iindleko zezindlu zithatha ingeniso engaphezulu kwe-30% yemali eninzi yendlu, iintsapho zijamelana norhwebo olunzima phakathi kokuhlawula irente kunye nokuhlangabezana nezinye iimfuno ezisisiseko ezinjengokutya, unyango, kunye nezothutho. Imigaqo-nkqubo yendawo ihlala kusesazulu sale ngxaki, igqiba ukuba abafundisi-matheko, abongikazi, abasebenzi, abasebenzi bezorhwebo, namanye amalungu abalulekileyo omsebenzi.

Ukuqhawulwa komhlawulo kunye nendleko yezindlu kuye kwanwenwa kakhulu kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edluleyo. Ngokutsho kweNational Sow Inhome House Coalition, umqeshwa ofumana umvuzo omncinci karhulumente uyakufuna ukusebenza ngaphezu kwama-80 eeyure ngeveki ukuhlawula iholo elincinane eliqengqelekayo lendlu yokuqesha kwirente entle. Oku kubonakalisa isizathu esicacileyo sokuba izigqibo zemigaqo-nkqubo yasekuhlaleni zithwele ubunzima obunjalo ekulungiseni iziphumo zezindlu zezigidi zabantu.

Imigaqo-nkqubo yasekuhlaleni iphembelela yonke into ukusuka apho izindlu zinokukhiwa ukuya kumlinganiselo wokuxabisa ukuvelisa amacandelo amatsha, afanelekela uncedo, kwaye akhuseleke kangakanani abaqeshi abakhoyo. Le nkqubo ibonisa imilinganiselo yoluntu, izinto eziphambili zezoqoqosho, kunye nokulalanisa kwezobupolitika. Ukuqonda indlela ezisebenza ngayo nendlela ezikuchaphazela ngayo linyathelo lokuqala lokuzibophelela ngokunentsingiselo kwimibandela yezindlu ezibumba ibutho lakho.

Isizathu Sokuba Izithethe Zasekuhlaleni Zibaluleke Ngaphezu Kweenkqubo Zodidi

Ngeli xesha iinkqubo zikarhulumente ezifana neCandelo lesi-8 seSiqwenga, amatyala eeNdlu zeNdlu eziNgeni, kunye nenkxaso-mali yezindlu zikawonke-wonke zinika oovimba abayimfuneko, iinkqubo zasekuhlaleni zisoloko zinempembelelo ecacileyo nekhawulezileyo ekufumaneni kwezindlu nokufumaneka kwazo kummandla okufuphi. Iinkqubo zomanyano zimisela izakhiwo ezibanzi kunye nemijelo yemali, kodwa uzalisekiso lwasekuhlaleni lumisela indlela eziphumelelayo ngayo ezo mpahla ekuguquleleni kwizindlu.

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abalawula umhlaba basebenzisa izigqibo, ikhowudi yokwakha, ukuvumela iinkqubo, kunye nemigaqo yokuhlala. Ezi zixhobo zingakhawuleza okanye zithintele ukuphuhliswa kwezindlu, ukumila kobume bengingqi, kwaye zigqibe ukuba zeziphi izindlu ezivunyelweyo kwiindawo ezithile. Umphuhlisi onetyala lerhafu karhulumente usefuna imvume yasekuhlaleni. Intsapho enemali yesakhiwo isafuna umnini-zindlu okulungeleyo ukuyamkela kwindawo apho kukho uluhlu lwezindlu eziqeshiweyo.

Isiphumo esihlaziyiweyo somaninzi eenkqubo zasekuhlaleni kwiinkulungwane zoomasipala silolonga iindawo zezindlu zesizwe ngaphezu kwenyathelo elinye lorhulumente. Oku kuhlaziywa kwemithetho yezindlu kuthetha ukuba abemi banobuchule obubalulekileyo bokuguqula imimandla yabo ngobuchule, ngokuvota, nangokuthabatha inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo kulawulo lwasekuhlaleni.

Ukuchaza Izindlu Ezinokufumaneka Ngexesha Elisebenzisekayo

Izindlu ezinokulingana asiloqela elinye kodwa lukhetho oluninzi olulungiselelwe ukunceda amakhaya akwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo yengeniso. Ukuqonda olu mahluko kubalulekile ekuhloleni imigaqo-nkqubo yasekuhlaleni kunye nempembelelo yayo.

Iinkcazelo ezisekelwe kwingeniso

Ukufumaneka kwezindlu kulinganiswa ngokweemali ze-Aream Memen Infind, inani elibalwa minyaka le liSebe lezeMpawu nezophuhliso lwe-Urban. Amakhaya afumana imali engaphantsi kwe-30% ye-AMI athathwa njengengeniso ephantsi kakhulu. Abo bafumana ingeniso ephakathi kwama-30% nama-50% nama-50% eAMI bawahlula njengengeniso ephantsi kakhulu. Iindlu ezifumana phakathi kwama-50% nama-80% e-AMI zithathwa njengengeniso ephantsi.

Indleko Yomthwalo Nexabiso Elinzima

Indlu echitha imali engaphezu kwama-30% yengeniso yayo kwizindlu ithathwa njengenoxanduva lwemali. Ngaphezu kwama-50% engeniso ehamba ukuya kuhlala ingumthwalo onzima wexabiso. Ngokutsho kweJoint Center for Homes Studies kwiYunivesithi yeHarvard, inani elingaphezulu kakhulu leentsapho zaseMerika ngoku liwela kwezi ntlobo, abaqeshi befumana iingcinezelo ezinzima.

Xa intsapho itsala nzima kakhulu, zinkcitho ezingalindelekanga ezikude nokungazinzi kwezindlu okanye ukungabi namakhaya. Iinkqubo zasekuhlaleni ezithetha ngokuchanabeka komngcipheko zinikela okuninzi kunokunikela indawo yokuzikhusela; zixhasa ukuhamba kwezoqoqosho, iziphumo zemfundo, kunye nempilo kawonke-wonke.

Abasebenzi Benkqubo Yasekuhlaleni Nendlela Abasebenza Ngayo

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banezixhobo ezininzi zenkqubo ezikhoyo zokuphembelela ukufumaneka kwezindlu. Isixhobo ngasinye sisebenza ngokwahlukileyo kwaye sivelisa iziphumo ezahlukeneyo ezixhomekeke kwimeko-bume yasekuhlaleni kunye nokuzalisekisa.

Ukujika nelizwe Kusebenzisa Imithetho

Imimiselo yokuzimela imisela ukuba yintoni enokwenziwa apho, phantsi kobunzima, naphantsi kweziziphi iimeko. Le migaqo imela esona sixhobo sinamandla sorhulumente basekuhlaleni abanaso ukubumba ukubonelela ngokunikezelwa kwezindlu. Isakhiwo esiquka iintsapho enye, esithintela izakhiwo ezimanyeneyo kwimimandla emininzi yoomasipala abaninzi, siye sahlolwa ngakumbi njengomqobo wokuphuhlisa izindlu.

Ukutshintsha indawo yokuhlala, ii-traplexes, ii-trixs, kunye nezakhiwo ezincinane zokuhlala kwiindawo ezininzi kunganyusa ukunikezelwa kwezindlu ngaphandle kokufuna ukukhuliswa kwakhona komlinganiselo omkhulu. Izixeko ezifana neMinneapolis, iPortland, kunye neKhalifoniya ngokubanzi ziye zalandela utshintsho oludibanisa izinto ngeziphumo ezingenakuguqulwa. Ukuqonda okungundoqo kukuba i-troning asiloxwebhu oluzimeleyo; lukhetho olunokuthi uluntu luzilungisele ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziyimfuneko.

Iimfuno eziqukumbelayo

Iinkqubo zokuhlanganisa izakhiwo zifuna abaphuhlisi bezindlu zomgangatho wemarike ukubeka bucala ipesenti yeeyunithi njengenokufikeleleka kwizindlu ezifumana imali ephantsi. Le nkqubo yokusebenzisa inkqubela-phambili yabucala yophuhliso lobucala ukwenza uluntu olufunyenweyo oludityanisiweyo kunokuba inike isakhiwo esinokufikeleleka kwiindawo ezithile. I- Inclusionary isebenza kwimisebenzi engaphezulu komqobo othile kwaye isenokuquka ukhetho lwabaphuhlisi ukuhlawula iindleko zemali kwimibutho yokwakha kwimibhobho yomlinganiselo othile.

Ukusebenza kwemali efakwayo kuxhomekeke kwimilinganiselo ethile emiselwe yinkqubo yobulali. Iipesenti ezifunekayo zemali ezisuka kwi 10% ukuya kwi-20% yeeyunithi. Ukufumana ingeniso, ixesha elisisigxina sokuzinziswa, kunye nobuchule bokugcina impembelelo yonke. Impembelelo etyikitywe kakuhle yemiqathango efumanekayo ingavelisa amawaka eeyunithi ezinokufikeleleka ngexesha elingenankcitho kawonke-wonke.

Abanyanzeli Berhafu Nabameli

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bangasebenzisa irhafu yempahla, imirhumo, nezinye izikhuthazo zemali ukunciphisa iindleko zophuhliso lwemisebenzi yezindlu ezinokufikeleleka. Ezi zixhobo zenza imisebenzi ifikeleleke ngemali engeyiyo ipeni kubaphuhlisi. Iintengiso zinokujoliswe kwimimandla ethile, imigangatho yengeniso, okanye iindidi zezindlu ukuphendula iimfuno ezithile zoluntu.

Iinkqubo zokuthelekisa irhafu yepropati zinciphisa okanye ziphelisa unyuko lwerhafu yempahla olubangelwa kukuphuhliswa kwepropati entsha ngexesha elimisiweyo, rhoqo iminyaka eli-10 ukuya kweyi-15. Oku kuncitshiswa kokuthwala amaxabiso kwenza abaphuhlisi banikele ngerhafu esezantsi. Abanye abantu banxibelelanisa ezi njongo kwimfuno zokuqeshwa, iinzuzo zoluntu, okanye imigangatho yokwakha eluhlaza.

Ukuzinza Nolawulo Oluqinileyo

Imigaqo-nkqubo yolawulo oluqinileyo ilinganisela ukuba bangakanani abanini-ndlu abanokunyusa iirente nyaka ngamnye, inika uzinzo kwabaqeshi abakhoyo. Le nkqubo yokwahluka kakhulu kwisakhiwo sabo, ngokusebenza kwizakhiwo ezindala kuphela, ezinye zigqume zonke izakhiwo eziqeshiweyo, kwaye ezinye ezidityanisiweyo ezivumela unyuko kwizalathiso zokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Umgaqo-nkqubo kukunqanda ukushenxiswa nokuzinziswa kobume.

Uphando kulawulo lwerenti lubonisa iziphumo ezidibeneyo. Uphando lokuqesha iflagrilla esiXeko saseNew York nase San Francisco lubonisa ukuba le nkqubo inciphisa ngokunempumelelo ukushenxiswa kwezindlu ezikhoyo kodwa inganciphisa unikezelo lwezindlu zokuqesha ngexesha njengeendawo zokuhlala eziguqulela amaqela kwezinye izinto okanye ugcino.

INgxowa-mali yokuThenjelwa kwezindlu neZibonelelo zeNgeniso ezinikezelweyo

Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni umisele iminikelo yemali yokuxhasa izindlu ezifumanelwe ingeniso epheleleyo evela kwimithombo efana neendleko zokushicilela uxwebhu, iirhafu zokudlulisela ifama, iirhafu, iihotele, okanye iimali-mali eziqhelekileyo zemali. Le minikelo inika inkxaso eqinisekisiweyo, eqhubekayo kwikomkhulu lenkqubela yezindlu ezithengwayo, ukulondolozwa nokuqeshwa.

Imali enikezelwayo evumela amagunya ezindlu kunye nemibutho yophuhliso loluntu ukuba acebe imibhobho yophuhliso lweminyaka emininzi kunokuba athembele kwiinkqubo zohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali ezinokuguquguquka ngokwemijikelo yezopolitiko. Ngokutsho kweNational Association of Home Trust Fund, imali engaphezulu kwama-700 ngoku isebenza kulo lonke ilizwe, idityaniswe kwimibhobho yezigidi kwizindlu ezinokufikeleleka ngonyaka.

Imvume eMgangathweni kunye noMgaqo-nkqubo

Ixesha elifunekayo lokufumana imvume yokwakha nokuphuhlisa uphuhliso lobugocigoci bongeza ixabiso elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwezindlu. Imithetho yemvume ende ithwala iindleko zomhlaba, inkxaso-mali, kunye neenkonzo zobugcisa ezithi ekugqibeleni zandise ixabiso leyunithi ezigqityiweyo. Ukunyusa ezi nkqubo ngokusuka kwizithuba ezithe ngqo, imvume yolungiselelo, kunye nohlalutyo oluhle lweprojekthi yezindlu ezinokufikeleleka kunganciphisa iindleko kunye nemveliso ekhawulezayo.

Ezinye iindawo ziye zamkela iibhonasi ezincinci ezivumela abaphuhlisi ukuba bakhe amaqela awongezelelekileyo okuquka izindlu ezinokufikeleleka. Ezinye zigqibile iiplani zokwakha zokuhlalisa ezivunyiweyo ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko zokuyila nokuhlola. Olu tshintsho lolawulo lungavelisa iziphumo ngaphandle koxanduva lwezopolitiko olusoloko lunxulumene neenguqu ezikhoyo.

Impembelelo yoluntu yokumiselwa kwezindlu

Xa iinkqubo zasekuhlaleni zixhasa ngokunempumelelo izindlu ezinokufikeleleka, iingenelo zidlulela ngaphaya kweentsapho ezifumana uncedo olungqalileyo. Uluntu lonke lufumana iziphumo eziphucukileyo kwiindidi ezininzi zempilo entle.

Ukuzinza Kwezoqoqosho Nenjongo Yokusebenza

Ingingqi enezindlu ezinokufikeleleka ezifanelekileyo igcina imisebenzi eyahlukahlukeneyo equka abasebenzi ababalulekileyo, izifundiswa zomsebenzi abanyamekela abantu bamandulo, nabahlali bethathe umhlala - phantsi kwingeniso emiselweyo. Abaqeshi bayangenelwa kunyuso oluncitshisiweyo kunye nequmrhu elikhulu labasebenzi. Amashishini ongingqi angenelwa kukwanda kwamandla asetyenziswa ngabathengi. Iziphumo ezithe kratya zokuzinziswa kwezindlu zibhalwe kakuhle, inkqubela-ntle yezindlu engenisa imisebenzi, ingeniso yerhafu, kunye noshishino-mali yengiselwano lwasekuhlaleni.

Imiphumo Engokwemfundo Yabantwana

Uzinzo lwezindlu lunxulumene kakhulu nokusebenza kwemfundo. Abantwana abafuduka rhoqo ngenxa yokungazinzi kwezindlu batshintsha izikolo ngokufuthi, bafumana uxinezeleko olungakumbi, kwaye baphumele phantsi kwemfundo. Imigaqo-nkqubo yezindlu ezizinzileyo ethintela ukushenxiswa nokuxhaswa kokuhlala ngokuzinzileyo ivumela abantwana ukuba bahlale kwindawo elungeleleneyo esikolweni, ukwakha ulwalamano kunye nohambelo lwemfundo.

Ukuphucula Impilo Kawonke - wonke

Ubunjani bezindlu kunye nokukwazi ukufikelela kwimali ekhoyo kuchaphazela impilo yomzimba neyezempilo. Amakhaya anokuhlaliswa nzima ahlala kwiimeko ezisemgangathweni, unyango lwezamayeza olufutshane lokuhlawula irente, kwaye abe noxinezeleko olungapheliyo olunxulumene nokunganqabiseki kwezindlu. Imimandla enemigaqo ekwaziyo yokufumana izindlu ezinokufikeleleka inikela ingxelo esezantsi yetyhefu yetyhefu, ityhefu yelothe, ukutyelela kwigumbi longxamiseko longxamiseko lwempilo kwinkqubo yezindlu ezizinziwa ngempilo, kunye neengxaki zengqondo. Ukudityaniswa kweengcinga ngempilo kwiinkqubo zokuphuhlisa impilo kuxhaphazekelele.

Ukuncipha Kokungabi Nakhaya Neendleko Zexesha Lentlekele

Ukukhusela ukulahlekelwa kwezindlu ngoncedo lwerente, ukugxothwa, nokuthengwa kwezindlu akubizi mali ininzi kunokuphendula xa kungabikho sekhaya. Iindleko zokufihla intloko, utyelelo lwesebe longxamiseko, kunye nokusebenza komthetho okunxulumene nendawo engenamakhaya enxulumene nomthwalo obalulekileyo kwimiqathango yasekuhlaleni. Ukuveliswa kwezindlu ezinokufikeleleka kunciphisa iindleko ezihlayo ngeli xesha uphucula iziphumo zabantu.

Uphando oluvela kuluntu oluninzi lubonisa ukuba izindlu ezisigxina ezixhasayo kubantu abangenamakhaya angapheliyo zinciphisa iindleko zikawonke-wonke ngama-40% ukuya kuma-50% xa kuthelekiswa neenkonzo zongxamiseko kunye nokunyanyekelwa kwamaqumrhu. Le mali igcinwe koorhulumente basekuhlaleni, iinkqubo zonyango kunye namaqumrhu enkonzo yoluntu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ukuthengwa kwemali efunekayo kwezindlu zijongene nenkathalo

Ukulawula Umhlaba Njengomncedi

Ukuqonda inkqubo yezindlu zasekuhlaleni kubalulekile, kodwa ukuguqulela oko kuqonda ukuba kuphumeze inyathelo elifanelekileyo kufuna ukwazi indlela yokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezibumba uluntu lwakho. Abahlali baneendlela ezininzi zokuphembelela iziphumo zenkqubo yezindlu.

Ukuqonda Ulawulo Lwasekuhlaleni

Izixeko ezithile zinike igunya kwibhunga lesixeko, ngoxa ezinye zimisele amabhunga okucwangcisa, amagunya ezindlu, okanye amasebe ophuhliso loluntu abonisa ubulumko obubalulekileyo. Ukufunda ukuba ziziphi iziqu ezenza izigqibo ezikuvumela ukuba usebenzise igunya lakho ngokunempumelelo.

Ukuhlolisisa ezi zinto ziqwalaselweyo, izigqibo ezicwangcisiweyo, namalungu akhethiweyo okanye abasebenzi amele ajongene nemigaqo ethile. Ukulandela le migaqo yezindlu zasekuhlaleni kukugcina usazisi ngaphandle kokuhlala usiya kwiintlanganiso.

Amagqabaza Nobungqina Basesidlangalaleni

Amaxa okuphendula ekucwangcisweni kweentlanganiso zekomfa, iintlanganiso zebhunga lesixeko, kunye neentlanganiso zabalawuli bale ntlanganiso zinika abahlali amathuba okuchaza iimbono zabo kwiinkqubo zezindlu ezicetyiweyo. Ubungqina obuphumelelayo basekuhlaleni budibanisa amava obuqu neziphumo zenkqubo, buchaza inkxalabo okanye iingcebiso ezingqalileyo, kwaye bugcina ilizwi elinentlonelo kwanaxa kungavumelani neendlela ezicetyisiweyo.

Amagqabaza abhaliweyo abekwe phambi kwentlanganiso asoloko enempembelelo njengobungqina obubhaliweyo, ingakumbi ukuchaza ngobuchule kwinkcazelo ecetyisiweyo yemithetho okanye ukuqokelelwa kweendawo. Abenzi besigqibo abaninzi bafunda uluthotho olubhaliweyo ngenyameko kwaye baluqwalasela ecaleni kobungqina obubhaliweyo. Ukudibanisa unikezelo olubhaliweyo ngokubonakala nge-person kukwandisa impembelelo yakho.

Ukwakha Iimali Nempembelelo Enamandla

Umntu ngamnye ozinzileyo ufikelele kumlinganiselo olinganiselweyo, kodwa amaqela alungelelanisiweyo angaxhasa ukuganana okude kwexesha elide, aqokelele ubuncwane bophando nonxibelelwano, kwaye akhe ulwalamano nabenzi besigqibo. Imibutho yezenyuselo yoluntu, imibutho yezentlalo, imibutho esekelwe elukholweni, kunye namaqumrhu asekuhlaleni onke anika iqonga lokusebenza kweqela.

Izixhobo ezisebenzayo zidibanisa abaxhasi bezindlu abahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka abakhi bezindlu abanokufikeleleka, abanini bempahla, amaqela ezoshishino, abameli bezentlalo, kunye nabemi abasuka kwimimandla emininzi. Olu mahluko luqinisa inkxaso yoluntu ngokubanzi kwaye lunika iingcinga ezininzi kwiingxaki zenkqubo.

Ukukhankanya kwiMidlalo yasekuhlaleni

Unyulo lwebhunga lesixeko, iindawo zoosodolophu, ukucwangcisa izihlalo zekomishini, kunye namanyathelo okukhupha ibhola achaphazela ngqo inkqubo yezindlu. Unyulo lwezinyulo lwengingqi lusezantsi kakhulu kunokhetho lwesizwe, lunika abavoti impembelelo engathethekiyo. Iindawo zophando zezindlu, abathathi-nxaxheba kwizikhululo ze-ofisi, kwaye benza inkqubo yezindlu ibe yeyona ibalulekileyo kwizigqibo zakho zokuvota.

Uluntu oluninzi lukwanamavoti angqalileyo kumlinganiselo onxulumene nezindlu, njengemiba yokudityaniswa kwemali efikelelekayo yokuxhasa izindlu, amanyathelo okuqesha, okanye iinguqu ezifuna imvume yabavoti. Ukuqonda ezi zinyathelo kunye nokuba nenxaxheba kunyulo olugqiba ukuba zifune ukuba abemi abafuna inkqubo yezindlu zibonise amaxabiso ebutho labantu.

Utyekelo Oluqukumbelayo Nemigaqo Yexesha Elizayo Kwinkqubo Yezindlu Zasekuhlaleni

Imeko-bume yezindlu ezifikelelekayo iyaqhubeka iguquka njengoko abantu bezama iindlela ezintsha baze baphendule kwiimeko ezitshintshayo. Imeko ezininzi ezivelayo zifuna ingqalelo kubemi kunye nabenzi benkqubo ngokufanayo.

Izindlu Eziphakathi Eziphezulu Nezingekhoyo

Uluntu oluninzi lulungisa imigaqo yolungiso evumela ukulahlekelwa kweentlobo zezindlu eziphakathi ezifana needuplexies, iibhilidi ezintathu, izindlu ezincinane, kunye nezakhiwo zokuhlala ezincinane kwimimandla ekuhlala kuyo ngaphambili zithintelwe kumakhaya entsapho enye. Olu tshintsho lwandisa ukunikezelwa kwezindlu ngaphandle kokuba kufuneke inkqubela-phambili enkulu, kwaye kuveliswe iindawo ezahlukeneyo, ezinokuhamba.

Amazwe aquka i-Oregon, iKhalifoniya, iWashington, neMontana aphume imithetho ekhulula intsapho enye yasekuhlaleni ekhetha ukunikezela ngeentlobo ezithe kratya zezindlu. Ezi nkonzo zomgangatho karhulumente zibonisa ulwamkeleko lokuba imiqathango yommandla inegalelo ngokuphawulekayo ekunqongopheleni kwezindlu kwaye ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwemimandla ebanzi kuyimfuneko ukuhlangabezana nocelomngeni lwemali yengingqi.

Amatyala nohlobo lwendlela elungelelanisiweyo

Umhlaba woluntu ufumana uthelekelelo nolugcina umhlaba, ulukhulula kumnini-makhaya onazo izakhiwo kodwa hayi umhlaba ongaphantsi. Le mizekelo inciphisa iindleko zokuthenga ingxowa yasekhaya kwaye igcina imali efunekayo kubathengi bexesha elizayo ngokulinganisela amaxabiso atshintshiweyo. Iinkqubo zobuchule ezihlukeneyo zisebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo zokulondoloza intlawulo ende ngexesha elide, ukuvumela abanini-makhaya ukuba bakhe ubutyebi.

Le mizekelo ifumene inkxaso-mali engakumbi kwinkqubela yesithethe yokufikeleleka kwezindlu, ingakumbi kuluntu apho amaxabiso omhlaba anyuke ngokukhawuleza. Imali ekhuselweyo kuluntu inika imali esisigxina ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa nguluntu oluqhubekayo, ibenza babe nomtsalane koorhulumente basekuhlaleni abafuna izicombululo ezizinzileyo.

Ilungelo Lokunikela Icebiso Nokhuseleko Lotyalo

Inani elandayo loluntu limisele ilungelo lokunika umelo olusemthethweni olunika abasebenzi abafumana imali ephantsi abajongene nokugxothwa. Uphando lubonisa ukuba abasebenzi abanomelo olusemthethweni basengozini yokuhlala behleli kunezo zihamba ngenkqubo zokugxotha zizonke. Ezi nkqubo zinciphisa ukushenxiswa, ukunqanda ukungabi namakhaya, kunye nokuzinza koluntu.

Ngapha koko kwicebiso, abanye oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baye bamkela nje ukwenza imithetho yokugxotha efuna abanini-ndlu babonise izizathu ezicacileyo zokuphelisa ukugxothwa, ukuthintela ukungawi ngendlela elungileyo. Iingxelo zokutywinwa kwenkqubo zokukhusela ukukhutshwa kwenqanawa ngaphandle kwesakhiwo zithintela ukuba ii-agflecs ezidlulileyo zingavelisi imiqobo esisigxina ukuze kufikelelwe kwixa elizayo.

Izindlu njengeNgxowa-mali

Imimandla ijonga izindlu ezinokufikeleleka njengezinesiseko esiyimfuneko, ezifana neendlela, iinkqubo zamanzi nezikolo.

ISibonelelo soMgaqo-nkqubo weZibonelelo neMithetho yeSebe kunye namathuba emali alandelayo amaziko emali karhulumente abethelele le ndlela, nto leyo ebangela ukuba izindlu zikufanelekele ukusetyenziswa kwemijelo yenkxaso yenkxaso-mali ethile. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abadibanisa izindlu kwindawo ezibanzi yokuyila izibonelelo ukuze bawasebenzise la mathuba ngeli xesha besenza iindlela ezibanzi zokuphuhlisa uluntu.

Ukuphumelela komgaqo-nkqubo nokubeka iinkokeli ezinoxanduva

Inkqubo yokuhlala elungileyo ifuna ulwazi olulungileyo. Iziphumo zezindlu ezilandelelanayo zingavavanya ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo iyasebenza, isalatha amasuntswana, kwaye yenza uhlengahlengiso olusekelwe kubungqina. Abahlali bangasebenzisa ugcino-lwazi olukhoyo ekuboneni amagosa anyuliweyo ukuba aphendule kwiimbopheleleko zokuhlala.

Izalathisi ezingundoqo zoMgaqo-nkqubo weNdlela yokuSebenza

Imilinganiselo eluncedo yokuvavanya inkqubo yezindlu zasekuhlaleni iquka inani leeyunithi ezifikelelekayo eziveliswa minyaka le, ipesenti yezindlu ezinexabiso eliphantsi, ukususwa kwexabiso lemali, ukuxakeka kwemisebenzi, kunye nomlinganiselo wemisebenzi kwiyunithi yezindlu ezikuluntu. Ukukhangela ezi mlinganiselo kutyhila intsingiselo obungenakuyifumana ubungqina bokungalinganisi.

Imimandla emininzi ipapasha iingxelo zezindlu zonyaka eziqokelela ezi ngongoma zedata ize ihlole inkqubela kwinjongo ezimisiweyo. Ukuhlola ezi ngxelo kunika isiseko sokubuza imibuzo ebhaliweyo nokukhuthaza uhlengahlengiso lwenkqubo xa iziphumo zingaphumeleli.

Iimfuno zokucace nokuxela

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kufuneka bagcine ingxelo efikelelekayo yemvume yokuphuhliswa kwezindlu, iziqinisekiso zeyunithi zerhafu, izivumelwano zokukhuthaza ukuhlawuliswa kwerhafu, kunye neenkcitho zemali yokugcinwa kwezindlu. Ukubonisa intengo kwezi ndawo kuvumela abemi ukuba baqinisekise ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo iphunyezwe ngokwenjongo yoluntu nokuba oovimba boluntu bayazifikelela iinjongo zabo ezichaziweyo.

Xa kungekho kukhanya, abahlali bangaxhasa iimfuno ezinamandla zokutyhilwa, iibhodi zikawonke-wonke, kunye nokunikezelwa kweengxelo rhoqo kumaqumrhu owiso-mthetho. Ezi nguqu zophuhliso zophuhlisa ukuthathelwa ityala kwedemokhrasi kwaye ziphucula iziphumo zenkqubo.

Isiphelo

Imigaqo-nkqubo yasekuhlaleni imela ezona zixhobo zinamandla nezikhoyo ngokukhawulezileyo zokubumba ukufumaneka kwezindlu kuluntu ohlala kulo. Imimiselo yokuzilungisa, iimfuno eziqukiweyo, izikhuthazo zerhafu, ukuqesha irhafu, imithombo enikezelweyo yenkxaso-mali, nokuvumela zonke impembelelo yokuba iintsapho zingafumana zize zigcine izindlu zilungele uqingqo-mali lwazo. Ukuqonda ezi nkqubo kukunceda ukuba uthathe inxaxheba ngokunentsingiselo kwizigqibo ezibumba ungini kunye nekamva lekhaya lakho.

Ukuganana okunempumelelo kufuna ukuba ufunde indlela olawula ngayo indawo ohlala kuyo, ubonise amathuba okugqabaza, ukwakha imibutho nabanye abemi nemibutho, nokuvota kunyulo lwasekuhlaleni. Imigaqo-nkqubo ebangelwa koku kuganana imisela ukuba abafundisi- ntsapho banokuhlala kusini na kwisithili apho bafundisa khona, enoba abakhulileyo banokukhula endaweni yabo kusini na kwiindawo abancedisa kuzo, nokuba abasebenzi ababalulekileyo banokukwazi kuhlala kufuphi neenkonzo abazenzayo.

Ucelomngeni lwezindlu ezithengwa lula, kodwa izicombululo ziqala kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni kubemi abazaziyo abaqondayo izithintelo baze banyanzelise kwiinkqubo ezinceda uluntu lonke. Ngokubandakanyeka kwimigaqo yezokwakha yasekuhlaleni, ninegalelo ekwakheni iindawo apho uzinzo lwezindlu luqhelekile kunokuba lungaqheleki.