Izifungo zomongameli ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yembali yaseMerika, efuzisela ukufuduswa koxolo kwamandla kunye nokuzimisela kweenkokeli ukuphakamisa umGaqo-siseko. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, amanye amaxesha ezifungo aye aduma ngenxa yamazwi athethwayo okanye iimeko eziwangqongileyo. Eli nqaku lihlola iingcaphulo eziphawulekayo kwizifungo zomongameli kuyo yonke imbali yase-U.S., ngokwahlula intsomi nento ebangela ukuba la mazwi achukumile.

Isifungo Soqobo nokubaluleka Kwaso komGaqo-siseko

Isifungo somongameli sigunyaziswa nguMgaqo-siseko Article II, Icandelo 1, Claus 8. Amagama asekuqaleni, njengoko kumiselwe, ngu: " Ndifunga ngokunzulu (okanye ndivume) ukuba ngokuthembekileyo ndiza kuphumeza i-Ofisi kaMongameli wase-United States, kwaye ndiza kuyenza eyona nto ilungileyo iMvelo yam, igcine, ikhusele kwaye ikhusele uMgaqo-siseko we-United States. [uku] Esi sifungo sigxininisa umsebenzi womongameli wokuphakamisa imithetho nemithetho yesizwe. Abalawuli bakubeka ngokunyanisekileyo oku kusekuqaleni kwegunya lesebe, umqondiso wokuba umongameli angawugcini ngokomthetho kodwa udityaniswe ngumthetho.[FLT]

Ngokuphawulekayo, umGaqo-siseko awuchazi ukuba ngubani onika isifungo ngokuqhelekileyo, iJaji ePhakamileyo yaseUnited States, kodwa ayikhange ifune iBhayibhile okanye ibinzana elithi "Undincede kuThixo." Ezo zithethe zavela kamva, kwaye imbali yazo idla ngokuqondwa kakubi.

IOath Yokuqala Yomongameli: George Washington (18789)

Ingxelo Engokwembali

Xa uGeorge Washington wafungayo ngoAprili 30, 1789, kwiveranda yeHolo yoMasipala kwisiXeko saseNew York, wongezelela ibinzana elithi ngoko ke ndincede kuThixo. Lo ngumzekelo wokuqala obhaliweyo womongameli othetha loo mazwi ngexesha lesifungo, `````''''''''''. Ngokunjalo, iWashington' yabe ingumgangatho ophambili wonikezelo ngalunye. iphinda iqamke iBhayibhile emva kokuba ibhalise eso sifungo, imisela esinye isithethe esilandelwa ngumongameli abaninzi.

Wayeqonda ukuba nasiphi na isenzo asithabathayo sasiya kumisela umzekelo woomongameli bexesha elizayo. Indlela awayeziphethe ngayo nokongezelela isibongozo sonqulo kwabonisa umnqweno weli tsha eliriphabliki wokhokelo lukaThixo.

Inyaniso

Akukho phephandaba langoku lanikela ingxelo kwiWashington lisithi "Undincede uThixo. Ingxelo yokuqala eyaziwayo ivela kwibhokisi eyapapashwa ngo1854 nguWashington Irving, owayisekela kwinkumbulo yobungqina. Noko ke, ngexesha lika Abraham Lincoln, eli binzana laqondwa njengenxalenye yesifungo, kwaye Franklin D. Roosevelt yaluphandisa kakhulu usetyenziso lwayo lukawonke-wonke [[ njengenxalenye yosasazo lukanomathotholo lonikezelo lwakhe lonyaka ka 1933. Namhlanje, phantse wonke umongameli uyisebenzisa, nangona iqhubeka isemthethweni.

UAbraham Lincoln (1861): Amazwi Okuphilisa

Asikokusuka Kwisithukuthezi

Lincoln waziwayo wathi ngezohlwayo ezichaseneyo nolu hlobo, olunobubele kubo bonke" ngexesha lentetho yakhe yesibini] ukwenziwa kwangaphambili kwedinga, hayi ngexesha lomsitho. Inqaku lokuqala lidwelisa oku njengenxalenye yesifungo. Kodwa, ibinzana linxulumene ngamandla nomgangatho kaLincoln kangangokuba livela rhoqo kwingxoxo yokunikezelwa kwakhe. Ezokuqala iintetho zakhe kwiwaka lewaka eziphela ngesicelo: [FLT:] " izigcawulo ezimfihleloyo zomkhumbuzo zenkumbulo ... kodwa liya kuphinda linyuse ingoma ye-Union, xa zichaziwe, njengokuba zizakubonakala zingcono iingelosi zendalo yethu. [FYN:] Ezimbini zicaphula ithemba lakhe lokuzingela ukuphazamka kabuhlungu kwimfazwe.

Ibhanile Ebizwa Ngelitye Eliyimbonakaliso

Lincoln wafunga ngesifungo ngoMatshi 4, 1861, kunye neJaji enguRoger B. Taney . Taney ekwanye iJaji eyaqamba i-'FLT' engalunganga' uDred Scott' isigqibo . ICapitol dome yayisawulungiselela. I-Capitol dome yayingekagqitywa, ifuzisela uhlanga olusakhiwayo. ULincoln wabeka isandla sakhe kwiBhayibhile eyayingekabi yeNkuNkundla Ephakamileyo kodwa yaboleka kumphathi wezomthetho. Idilesi yakhe yokuqala yakhe, nangona yayigqunywe ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo wokuqiqandayo nowomGatho-siseko.

Ukuqwalasela nzulu amagama okuqalisa kaLincoln, iLiterari yeBhunga inika ukhuphelo-magama nomongo wembali.

UGqr. Roosevelt (1933): Yoyika Isiqu Sawo

Ingxaki Ekhoyo

" Okuphela kwento esimele siyoyike nguloyiko ngokwalo" ngumgca odumileyo osuka nakweyiphi na idilesi yokuvula. NjengoLincoln, yayingeyonxalenye yesifungo kodwa yayiyinxalenye yentetho yokuqala ye FDR, eyanikelwa ngoMatshi 4, 1933, ngexesha lobunzulu bodandatheko olukhulu. Umgca waveliswa ngobuchule ukubethelela ukuthemba uhlanga olunoloyiko. URooselt wanyulwa ngoNovemba 1932 kodwa kwafuneka ukuba alinde iinyanga ezine ukuthatha isikhundla esibuhlungu. Ulwamgunyaziso lwamashumi amabini, olwenziwa ngo-19336, lwashukuma kumhla we-19361, lwashukushelwa kumhla wokulungiselela umongameli ozayo.

FDR wasebenzisa ibinzana " ngoko ke ndincede uThixo" xa wayesenza isifungo, kwaye wayengumongameli wokuqala ukusasaza umbhiyozo wonke kunomathotholo (ngaphandle kukaWilliam Howard Taft’s 1909 intetho eyabhalelwa iposi zomsitho obalulekileyo). Udityaniso lwesifungo nentetho evuselelayo wanika amaMelika ithemba lokuba inkokeli yawo entsha iza kuthatha inyathelo elinqhinga.

Inkcitho

UFDR wathabatha isifungo ngesandla sakhe kwiBhayibhile yentsapho wavula kwindinyana evela kwincwadi yompostile uPawulos eya kwabaseKorinte: [[FLT: 0]]" ukuba nabani na uthe waba kuKristu, usisidalwa esitsha: izinto ezindala zidlule; yabona, zonke izinto ziba ntsha. uMongameli uJohn Nance Garner walila emehlweni akhe njengoko wayebukele. Isibakala sokuba le ndinyana yeBhayibhile ithetha ngohlaziyo asizange silahleke kwizigidi eziphulaphuleyo.

UJohn Kennedy (1961): Ucelomngeni Kwisizukulwana

"Nkubuze Ku:"

Umongameli John F. Kennedy waqalisa intetho yesifungo ngoJanuwari 20, 1961, waqulatha ucelomngeni olungafiyo: " Ungaceli ukuba ilizwe lakho lingakwenzela ntoni . njengamanye, oku kwakungeyonxalenye yesifungo kodwa yayiyintetho eyalandelayo. Kodwa ibotshelelwe kwinkumbulo kawonke-wonke yokunikezelwa kwakhe kangangokuba umahluko usoloko umfiliba. Kennedy wanika la mazwi ngomhla obandayo eWashington, ikhephu elise emhlabeni ukusuka kwisaqhwithi. Wayedume ngokungeyo, wayengenaso sigqibo, isigqibo esadibanisa umfanekiso wakhe wobutshana.

Umongameli wasebenzisa iBhayibhile awayinikwa nguOdadewethu Omngcwele uJoseph eMassachusetts, ngoxa uJunice Presidenti Lyndon Johnson wasebenzisa iBhayibhile evela kwintsapho yakhe. AbakwaKennedy nabanye babekho kungcelele lweebhola zokuvula iintambo ngaloo ngokuhlwa, kodwa loo ntetho yasibekela phezu kwazo zonke izinto.

Ukunyamezela Impembelelo

Umgca "ufako hayi" wakhuthaza ukwakhiwa kweZibi zoxolo kunye namaza amatshatsha okuzithandela kulo lonke elaseMelika. Ihlala yenye yeyona migca icatshulweyo nabani na, naphi na kwimbali yezobupolitika. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library [[[FL:1] inikeza intetho epheleleyo nesandi sedilesi.

Ronald Reagan (1981): URhulumente Njengengxaki

Ukukhala Okutshintshayo

Idilesi yokuqala kaRonald Reagan yokuqala ngoJanuwari 20, 1981, iquka isindululo esicacileyo: [[FLT: 0]" urhulumente asisiso isisombululo sengxaki yethu; urhulumente yingxaki. Lo mgca wathatha umoya weMvukelo weReagan, eyathi yabiza ukuhlahlela, ukuhla kwerhafu, kunye nendima encitshisiweyo karhulumente. Yanikelwa ngexesha lokwehla kwexabiso, ukungasebenzi, kunye nengqiqo yokuva kwesizwe. I-Reagan yathetha ngokunzulu ngezigidi ezivile ukuba urhulumente uqesholo luye lwakhula kakhulu kwaye lwancipha.

Reagan wathatha isifungo ngosuku olubandayo olwabona kwakhona ukukhululwa kwabathinjwa baseMelika eIran-a kwazenzekela ukuba abaninzi batolike njengomqondiso wethemba. Wasebenzisa iBhayibhile evulelwe 2 Kronike 7: 14., indinyana ethetha ngenguquko yohlanga: " ukuba abantu bam, ababizwa ngegama lam, baza kuzithoba, bathandaze...

Ilifa Nokugxekwa

"Urhulumente" yingxaki ephikiswayo ukususela ngoko. Abahlalutyi bayiphikisa ngokujongela phantsi ukuthemba uluntu kwimibutho, ngeli xesha abaxhasi beyijonga njengeyona nto ifunekayo yokulungisa. Noko ke, ichaza intetho yezopolitiko kangangamashumi eminyaka. Ronald Reagan Reagelial Foundation[[FLL: 1] inikeza iinkcukacha ngemibhiyozo nentetho.

Amanye Amaxesha Abalulekileyo Nezithethe Zanamhlanje

George H.W. Bush (1989): A Thungela

George H.W. Bush wafunga esebenzisa iBhayibhile efanayo neyokuqala uGeorge Washington ayisebenzisa ekunikezelweni ``idilesi yakhe ebhekiselele kwisiseko sohlanga.' Waquka nebinzana ] undonke uThixo" undongezelele ukuxhawulana neJaji enguMphathi uWilliam Rehnquist. Idilesi yakhe yokuqalisa ibhekiselwe kwinkonzo yokuzithandela kunye nohlanga "ingicerrerder, .[FLT]

Barack Obama (2009): IBhayibhile

Barack Obama wasebenzisa iBhayibhile yeLincoln ukufungisa kwakhe okokuqala, ukhetho lwamabomu lokuzukisa umongameli we-16. Noko ke, isifungo sakhe sokuqala ngoJanuwari 20, 2009, saduma ngempazamo: IJaji enkulu uJohn Roberts ngokungeyonyaniso waguqula umgaqo, kwaye u-Obama wayiphinda ngokungalunganga. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ngxaki yemithetho-siseko, esi sifungo siphinda-phindiweyo ngasese ngosuku olulandelayo kwi Housesimhlophe. U-Obama wasebenzisa iBhayibhile enye kwaye wahamba ngokulula. Idilesi yakhe ephambili yayiquka umgca " Thina bantu siye sahlala sithembekile kwiinjongo zomphathi bethu,"[FLD:1] kodwa isifungo saziveza inkcaso ngokwaso kukubaluleka kolwazi oluchaneyo.

UDonald Trump (2017): IiBiskriespu ezimbini

UMongameli uDonald Trump wathabatha isifungo esebenzisa iBhayibhile ezimbini: enye ayinikwa ngunina neBhayibhile yaseLincoln. Isandla sakhe sasimi kokubini njengoko uMgwebi omkhulu uRoberts wanikela isifungo. UTrump wathi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------FLTYP yandinceda ukubuya kobu mfundisi besebenzisa iiBBBE, abanye abafana noolin-O, umongameli ababenze, uG.[F.[FLLN.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.

UJoe Biden (2021): Buyela Kwisithethe

Joe Biden wasebenzisa iBhayibhile yentsapho ebikhona kwintsapho yakhe ukususela ngowe-1893. Lo msitho watshintshwa kakhulu ngenxa yesifo se-COVID-19, esisibekeleyo kwaye sisetyenziswa kakhulu amasigqubuthelo esifihlakeleyo. UBiden wongeza ibinzana ] ngoko ke ndincede uThixo" [ kwaye wanikela idilesi yokuvulwa kocamagusho ebhekise kumanyano nokuphilisa. Isifungo ngokwaso sanikelwa nguMphathi-wo woMphathi oPhakathi Roberts, uqhubeke noqheliselo olude lukhona.

Impembelelo Yale Micaphulo Ngezithethe ZaseMerika

Uninzi lwala magqabaza luye lwaba yimiqondiso yokulawula kwawo kunye namathuba embali. "Ukuzimisela kukaLincoln kwicala langakhe" kubonakalisa ukuzimisela kwakhe ukumanyana ngexesha lengxwabangxwaba, ngelixa ucelomngeni lukaKennedy lushukumisela isizukulwana kwinkonzo kawonke-wonke. Ingxelo kaReagan ichaza imbono egxekayo karhulumente evakalayo namaMelika amaninzi. Kwanala mabinzana angaveli kwisifungo ngokwaso. "njenge FDR" idityani ngokwayo""

La mazwi afundwa kwizikolo, acatshulwe kwiintetho, kwaye abhekiswe kumajelo eendaba adumileyo. Aguqula ukuqonda kukawonke-wonke ngoko kumele ukuma kukamongameli ngamnye. Amandla ebinzana eliguqulelwe kakuhle ngexesha lokufunga angenakuchazwa ngokugqithisileyo: acwangcisa udweliso kwaye athathe ingqalelo yohlanga.

Iindawo Zobuhlwempu Neentsomi Ezingqonge Indawo Ephakamileyo

Ingxoxo ethi "Ngoko Ndincede UThixo"

Ukuba iWashington ithi "Undincede uThixo" yindawo yokuphikisana phakathi kwababhali-mbali. Ubungqina bungaguquguquki, kodwa isithethe simiselwe ngokuqinileyo. Amanye amaqela onqulo, anjenge Quaker, angqineka ngokusesikweni kunokuba afunge `` kwaye umGaqo-siseko uvumela ngokukhethekileyo ukungqinela. UMongameli Franklin Pierce wakhetha ukuqinisekisa kunokufunga ngo1853, ukuba ngumongameli okuphela komntu ozakwenza oko. Umba wenkonzo nesifungo uyaqhubeka ufanelekile, abanye oomongameli bagxininisa ukholo lwabo kunye nabanye abalujongeli phantsi.

Iimpazamo zolawulo lwezintsokothi

Oomongameli abaliqela baye badibana neengxaki ezincinane ngexesha lesifungo. UCalvin Coolidge (1923) wafunga isifungo kuyise, uwonke-wonke, emva kokuva ngoMongameli uHansing ukufa kukaKennedy. Umthetho-siseko weso sifungo waxutyushwa kamva. Njengoko kukhankanywe, i-Obama’s flub yakhokelela kwi-aver. Kwaye ngo19363, uLyndon B. Johnson wenza isifungo kuMkhosi Womoya Osebenzisa imposo yamaKatolika (ofunyanwa kwigumbi lokulala likaKennedy) kuba akukho B ekhoyo iBhayibhile.

Isiphelo

Umzobo obhaliweyo kwizifungo zomongameli − kunye needilesi zokuqala ezihambisana nabo . tyhila imilinganiselo, imingeni, kunye neenjongo zeenkokeli zaseMerika. Ziyaqhubeka ziphembelela abemi kwaye zisikhumbuza ngokubaluleka okuhlala kuhleli kobumongameli kunye nomGaqo-siseko. Ngoxa amagama achanileyo esifungo engazange aguquke kangangeenkulungwane ezimbini, amazwi athethwa ngokusingqongileyo aye anika uhlanga ikhampasi echukumisayo nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Njengoko umongameli ngamnye omtsha efunga amanyathelo kaCapitol, ihlabathi liphulaphula loo migca yaziwayo eya kuchaza ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwaye liqukuqele ngembali.

Abo banomdla wokufunda umbhalo othe ngqo wesifungo somongameli kunye nezinto ezinxulumeneyo, [[FLT: 0] uZibonelelo zoMazwe [ zinika umGaqo-siseko opheleleyo kunye neengxelo zokunikezelwa. U.S. Catenal ikwagcina imbali yesifungo kunye nolawulo lwaso.